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Atlas key in electronic form. Atlas guide "From earth to sky". Stones. Video about beautiful stones from the gem museum

The atlas for Pleshakov’s textbooks covers almost the entire animal world, from small insects to large mammals. The child will learn to identify animals from pictures, remember their names, and learn to divide animals into groups, that is, classify them. The atlas will be an excellent assistant in preparing lessons on the subject of the world around us in grades 1-4 of primary school, especially according to the Perspective and School of Russia program, which are based on Pleshakov’s textbooks, where he often refers to searching for material in the atlas-determinant “From Earth to Sky” ", the workbooks also contain tasks based on the atlas-identifier.

All classifications are very arbitrary, but using them it is easy to find the desired animal and find out its name. Pictures of animals to create the atlas were taken from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia and reference books on zoology.

Atlas-determinant "From earth to sky". Animals

When it comes to animals, everyone first of all remembers four-legged and furred mammals. But they are not the only ones that belong to the animal kingdom. In addition to mammals, it includes a huge variety of other organisms: fish, birds, insects, arachnids, mollusks, starfish, all kinds of worms and centipedes. Man also belongs to the animal kingdom, but is traditionally considered separately.

Unlike plants, most animals can move independently to where they need to go, and therefore are much more difficult to identify using an atlas. If you get scared, he will run away and hide. Therefore, you need to focus all your attention on it, examine and remember the color and size, so that you can later find it using the atlas-identifier.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without backbones: snails, worms, insects, spiders, crustaceans and millipedes. They are usually not too large. The exceptions are some crabs, tropical centipedes and spiders, which can reach quite large sizes.

Shellfish and worms

Mollusks live in the seas, fresh water bodies and on land. Snails are gastropods with a single shell on top. Gastropod means that the abdomen of the mollusk is its only leg, with the help of which the animal moves. And there are also bivalves, which have two shells and they are tightly adjacent to each other, the mollusk is thus completely protected inside the shells on all sides. But worms and leeches do not have shells, they only have a long soft body.

Arachnids

These are spiders, ticks and scorpions. They all have 8 legs, and the body is covered with a dense chitinous shell.

Crustaceans and centipedes

Crustaceans include crayfish, crabs, cyclops, daphnia, wood lice and the like.

Insects

Insects are also invertebrates. Unlike spiders, they have 6 legs, not 8. Insects include beetles, butterflies, dragonflies, bedbugs and cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies, bees, and grasshoppers.

Beetles

Beetles are insects whose front wings have turned into hard elytra. Hence their scientific name "Coleoptera". Before taking off, the beetle first raises these elytra, and only then flaps its wings.

Large beetles: rhinoceros beetle, stag beetle, marbled beetle, scarab, oak longhorned beetle, large beetle, fringed beetle, large water lover.

The largest beetle living on Earth is lumberjack titan, living in South America. The length of its body (without antennae) can reach 16 cm. Adult beetles have extremely sharp “jaws” - mandibles, which can even break a pencil. Sensing danger, they begin to hiss and try to injure the enemy with their mandibles.

Not too large beetles: May beetle, bronze beetle, fragrant beetle, gray long-whiskered woodcutter, dung beetle, steppe slow beetle, ground beetle.

Small beetles: ladybug, black click beetle, iris beetle, mealworm, leaf beetle, bark beetle, bee moth, weevil, Colorado potato beetle, red predator, soft beetle, large firefly, spinner.

Butterflies

The Russian name “butterfly” comes from the Old Slavonic word “babъka”, which denoted the concept of “old woman” or “grandmother”. In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, it was believed that these were the souls of the dead, so people treated them with respect. The most remarkable thing about butterflies is their large wings. The pattern of butterfly wings varies from species to species and captivates with its beauty. The appearance and coloring of a butterfly's wings serve not only for beauty, but also act as protective camouflage, allowing it to blend into its surroundings.

Diurnal butterflies are active during the day and sleep at night.

Moths and moths are active at dusk. Moths differ from butterflies in having a plumper and fluffier body. At night, as a rule, it is moths, not butterflies, that are active.

Scoop agrippina or, as it is otherwise called, tisania agrippina is the largest butterfly in the world, the wingspan of which usually reaches 30 cm. The butterfly is nocturnal.

Caterpillars

A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly, moth or moth. The food of caterpillars is very diverse - from plants to honey and wax.

Dragonflies

Dragonflies are relatively large insects with a movable head, large eyes, short antennae, an elongated slender abdomen and four transparent wings with a dense network of veins. Dragonflies are predators that feed on insects caught in flight.

Grasshoppers and related insects

If you see an insect that jumps quite well and can also chirp, it is most likely a grasshopper or a related insect. Very often, grasshoppers have an appearance and color similar to the appearance and color of the leaves or other parts of the plants on which they live.

Bedbugs

A feature of most bedbugs is their scent glands. The secretions of these glands have a characteristic odor that is unpleasant to humans, which repels enemies.

Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants

These insects build houses for themselves and live in them in large families. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.

Mosquitoes and flies

Mosquitoes are most common in humid climates and remain active during the warmer seasons of the year. They have a thin body, 3 pairs of long thin legs and 1 pair of wings. Flies also have only 2 thin wings and 3 pairs of legs, but the legs are shorter than mosquito legs, large eyes and a plump body.

Common mosquito (squeaker)- a type of mosquito that is found everywhere, overwhelming humans and animals with its intrusiveness. Adult squeak mosquitoes measure 3-8 mm. Only females drink blood, and males feed on nectar. Therefore, females have a long sting on their small heads.

Insects living in houses

Unusual insects

Fish

Fish are vertebrates with gills, fins and scales. They live in water: in seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.

Aquarium fish

In aquariums we usually breed small and beautiful tropical fish from warm seas that live near coral reefs.

Amphibians

Amphibians, or amphibians, are cold-blooded animals adapted to life both in the aquatic environment and on land. Most of them first breathe with gills, and then, in adulthood, switch to pulmonary breathing. Amphibians include frogs and toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians.

Reptile

Reptiles are vertebrates that move primarily by crawling, dragging their belly along the ground. Another name for these animals is reptiles. These include snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and lizards. Their skin is dry, the outside is covered with scales, scutes, and maybe even a shell. Reptiles breathe with their lungs. All reptiles are cold-blooded and depend on the temperature of their environment. They have a spine. A well-formed skeleton and muscles provide excellent mobility.

Common viper- poisonous snake. Lives in forests, wet lowlands, along river banks, near swamps and lakes. They know how to swim. The length of the snake can reach almost 1 meter, but snakes no larger than 60-70 cm are more common. They feed on mice, lizards, frogs and small birds. Vipers can range in color from black to gray or brown with a dark diamond pattern on their backs. When you see a viper in nature, you need to stop and slowly start moving back, facing the snake. If you frighten the viper by shouting or touching it, it will attack and bite. If you are bitten by a snake, you need immediate medical attention.

Already ordinary not dangerous to humans. It can live in the same places where the viper lives, but is more often found along the banks of water bodies. Dimensions, like those of the viper, are up to 1 meter in length. They differ in the shape of their head: the snake’s is oval, the viper’s is like a triangle with rounded edges. It’s black, but there are 2 yellow-orange spots on the sides of the head, which make it possible to distinguish this snake from other snakes. It swims well under water and on its surface. Snakes feed mainly on frogs.

Birds

Birds are feathered vertebrates. All birds have wings, but not all can fly. Birds lay eggs from which chicks hatch.

Some bird species do not fly far from their habitat, while others - migratory birds - fly long distances in spring and autumn. They winter in warm countries, and in the summer they fly north, to where there is more food and the opportunity to feed the chicks.
They don't fly away from us: sparrows, tits, bullfinches, jays, nuthatch, jackdaws, pigeons, crows, magpies, woodpeckers.
Migratory birds: swallow, swift, wagtail, starling, lark, redstart, rook, cuckoo, sandpiper, thrush, crane, swan, duck, heron, wild geese.

Birds of our ponds

Predator birds

Birds of the living corner

Mammals

Mammals feed their babies milk, hence the scientific name.

Rodents

Rodents are the largest order of mammals, which includes mice, rats, hamsters, squirrels, porcupines, beavers and many other animals. They have a similar body structure and teeth. The teeth are adapted for processing solid plant foods, but some of them also feed on small animals. Rodents are small, less often medium-sized animals. The largest representative is the capybara, or capybara, which lives in South America. The capybara's body length reaches one and a half meters, and its weight is 60 kg. The smallest animal is the tiny mouse. Its length is less than 5 cm.

Ungulates

Ungulates are combined into one group based on the presence of hooves. And some of them also have horns.

Beasts of Prey

Everyone knows such predatory animals as the wolf and the fox, but there are also predators living in our forests. These are the ferret, marten, weasel, ermine and otter. Their food is other animals.

Various animals

There are many different strange animals, for example fruit bats. These are not birds, but they fly well. Their forelimbs are very similar to wings without feathers. Other animals have their own interesting features, for example the ability to live underground or change color depending on the time of year. And some even have spines instead of fur, like hedgehogs and porcupines.

Dogs

We won't ignore pets either. Man not only tamed them, but also bred different breeds. For example - dogs. Strong, large, hardy dogs are service dogs. They help the police and military in their service. Hunting dogs are adapted to catching game and accompany the owner on the hunt. Decorative breeds of dogs decorate a house or apartment.

Animals of the living corner

Little favorites are decorative hamsters, white mice and guinea pigs. The world's smallest hamster is Roborovsky's hamster. Its dimensions do not exceed 6 cm.

On this page is part of the identification atlas dedicated to animals.

1. Seryozha wants to know what not to do during a thunderstorm. Complete the sentences yourself or with the help of a textbook.

You can't hide under tall trees, especially free-standing ones
You can't be there near metal objects.
You can't hide behind rain with metal objects.
It is forbidden swim during a thunderstorm.

Check your work with your deskmate.

2. Ant Question - a forest dweller - has come up with tasks for you. Do one of the options.

Option 1. Do you know poisonous plants?
Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and place them in the appropriate boxes. Test yourself using the textbook. After checking, paste the pictures.

Option 2. Do you know poisonous mushrooms? Connect the names and pictures with lines. First, draw the lines with a simple pencil. Test yourself using the textbook. After checking, draw the lines with a colored pencil.

3. Which picture shows a viper? Fill in the circle. Which snake is shown in the other picture? If you don’t know, look at the atlas-determinant “From Earth to Sky.” Label the names of both snakes. Using the drawing and information from the key atlas, compare these snakes. Make notes on p. 18.

Comparison of snake and viper

Similarities:

They can be found in the forest, near a pond, in a meadow.
Both types of snakes do not attack humans first.

Differences:

Snakes are longer than vipers and have a more elongated body.
Snakes have “yellow ears,” and vipers have a zigzag stripe along their backs.
Snakes have an oval head, while vipers have a triangular head.
The absence of poisonous teeth is the main characteristic of snakes.
Snakes are more often found near bodies of water; vipers prefer forests.
Snakes feed on frogs, vipers mainly on mice.

4. According to the instructions of the textbook, come up with and draw symbols for the safety rules studied in the lesson.

5. Using the atlas-identifier “From Earth to Sky,” prepare a message about any poisonous plants or mushrooms (of your choice). Write down a message plan.

Message plan:

What does the poisonous crow's eye plant look like?
Places of growth, distinctive features
Why you shouldn’t eat it, consequences for human life and health
What to do if a person accidentally ate a raven eye

Poisonous plant crow's eye

Crow's eye is a deadly poisonous plant. It is quite easy to recognize - right from the center of four or five wide green leaves, a thin stem shoots up, on which there is a single blue-black berry - the insidious raven's eye.

This plant grows almost throughout Europe, as well as in Western Siberia and the Mediterranean. Most often it can be found in the dense undergrowth of mixed and coniferous forests, among thickets of bushes or in the shady part of ravines.

Under no circumstances should you collect or eat berries, leaves, roots or flowers of the crow's eye. Each part of the plant contains a very strong poison that can disrupt the functioning of the heart and central nervous system. A person begins to experience dizziness, convulsions, diarrhea, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain.

If the victim is not given immediate medical assistance, the person may even die. Therefore, the first thing you need to do is call an ambulance and report poisoning. While waiting for the doctor, you should try to cleanse your stomach of toxic substances:

drink several tablets of activated carbon (at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kilograms of the victim’s weight);
drink a lot of water - at least 1-2 liters;
drink strong black tea;
do an enema.

6. Using the book “Green Pages” (the story “Insidious Twins”), write down the names of dangerous twin mushrooms in the table.

When we say rocks, we mean minerals and rocks. Minerals are solid natural substances, minerals are an integral part of rocks. Stones have helped people out since ancient times. They were used to build homes, tools, and even make weapons in the Stone Age. Some rocks are used as fuel; jewelry was and is still being made from semi-precious and precious stones. It’s not for nothing that children begin to study the topic “minerals and rocks” in the first grade, and then repeat and consolidate them in the second, third, and fourth. An atlas-identifier like Pleshakov’s atlas will help you decide in the world of stones. It contains drawings by which the stone can be easily identified and its name found. And you will also learn a lot about some of them.

Some minerals form crystals in nature - these are figures with smooth edges, some form inclusions in rock, and others can be found in nature in the form of large stones.

Gems

People call bright, beautiful stones gems. They are used to make jewelry and crafts. Some minerals are so scarce in nature and so difficult to obtain, which is why products made from them are very expensive, these are precious (or jewelry) stones. Those that are more common are semi-precious (topaz, malachite, opal, amethyst). Even more often - ornamental, they are used to make figurines, boxes, souvenirs (agate, jasper, selenite, onyx).

There are not so many precious stones, for example, diamond, sapphire, ruby, emerald. The stones are polished, applying edges to them, and this makes the natural piece of mineral much more beautiful. A cut diamond is called a diamond.

But stones are good for more than just jewelry. Glass cutting tools are made from waste from diamond processing, which is known to be the hardest mineral. Previously, rubies were used in the production of lasers, but now they have been replaced by artificial rubies.

A beautiful slightly bluish or bright blue mineral with dark veins.

Malachite- a bright green mineral with a beautiful dark pattern. Previously, it was mined in large quantities in the Urals, in the mountains. Bazhov’s tales glorify the work of craftsmen processing Ural malachite. Malachite was used to make jewelry, boxes, and even vases and figurines.

Amber- This is petrified tree resin. It retains its yellow-orange color and transparency. Sometimes in amber you find various insects that got stuck in the resin many years ago.

Coral- this is the skeleton of sea inhabitants, coral polyps. Corals look like petrified, porous tree branches, ranging in color from yellowish to red and even black. Coral is used to make jewelry.

Pearl- it is not a mineral or a rock, although it looks like a round pebble. Pearls are produced by seashells - bivalve mollusks. Each pearl is covered with a layer of mother-of-pearl, it is smooth and shiny. There are white, pink and black pearls.

Stones are also used in construction as building materials (limestone, sandstone) and finishing materials (granite, marble).

Other minerals and rocks

These stones are collectively called minerals. Some of them are minerals, some are rocks, and some were formed from lava foam or plant remains.

Rock salt (mineral halite). If you clean this mineral from impurities, you get ordinary table salt that we eat. And in nature it is found in the form of huge crystalline blocks. Halite is very brittle and easily dissolves in water.

The mineral is one of the most common on the earth's surface. The color of the stone ranges from yellowish, greenish to brown.

A mineral that forms beautiful oblong crystals. If the crystals are transparent, it is popularly called rock crystal. If they are also colored purple, it is an amethyst. If white - milky quartz. There are many other types of quartz. They are used to make souvenirs and decorations. Quartz is part of granite.

Layered and shiny mineral. It is part of granite and gives it shine.

A rock consisting of grains of sand cemented by clay or other material. Sandstone can be of different colors, but the predominant color is grey, yellowish-gray or white, and less commonly reddish. It is often used in construction and site design.

Since ancient times, this mineral has been widely used in flints - devices for making fire. In this regard, one of the elements of flint began to be called flint, although today hardened steel is used instead of the mineral. Flint, moreover, easily splits into sharp fragments, which is why primitive people previously used it to make tools and sharp hunting weapons.

This is fossilized lava, porous volcanic glass, formed as a result of the release of gases during the rapid solidification of hot lava. She doesn't drown in water. Pumice is used for hygienic cleaning of heels from dry skin and you can find it in your bathroom.

This is a rock that consists of quartz, feldspar and mica. The color of granite depends on the ratio of minerals. Reddish, brownish, greenish or reddish inclusions in granite are pieces of feldspar, dark and shiny are mica, white translucent are quartz. The stone seems to be granular, and grain in Latin sounds like “granum”, hence the name of the rock - granite. The stone is hard and durable.

Limestone - Chalk - Marble.

The basis of limestone is the remains (shells, shells, skeletons) of mollusks and other ancient inhabitants of the seas. Over the years, they have been crushed and compressed underground. But the rock is still not strong and is washed away by water. Limestone is used as a building stone. Limestone, in which the shells of marine animals and their fragments are visible, is called shell rock.

A special form of limestone is chalk. It is formed by very small organic particles left over from dead marine life. Chalk is fragile and crumbles easily. There are entire chalk islands that seem to have grown out of the sea.

Marble is hardened limestone. It, like limestone, consists of calcite, but also contains impurities. The color of marble depends on these impurities - these are stripes of different shades and curved lines. After polishing, a beautiful pattern appears on the surface of marble, and therefore it is often used for decorative finishing of rooms and buildings.

Peat - Brown coal - Hard coal - Anthracite.

Peat consists of decomposed plants that grow in bogs. Its main component is sphagnum moss. Peat is actively used as fuel, as a fertilizer, and even as a filter for wastewater treatment plants.

Over time, the peat compacts and turns into brown coal.

And if it remains underground for many years, it will become coal. The coal deposits that people mine today were formed from plants that lived on the earth millions of years ago. This is a very long process. Coal is used as fuel.

Over time, hard coal becomes anthracite. On anthracite stones you can sometimes even see imprints of ancient plants - giant ferns. From such plants all the anthracite now existing in the world was obtained.

The main source of iron. It is usually black, slightly shiny, turns red over time, very hard, and attracts metal objects.

If we talk about minerals, we cannot fail to mention oil, although it is not a stone, a mineral, or a rock. Oil is a mineral substance, a viscous dark-colored liquid with the smell of gasoline, flammable. Oil was formed from the decay products of small animal and plant organisms (plankton) that lived millions of years ago. It is mined from the very depths of the Earth. Used to produce fuel, lubricants, and plastics.

Video about beautiful stones from the gem museum:

When we meet a person, the first thing we do is find out what his name is. Each of us has a name. There are names - names - for everything that surrounds us in nature. And therefore, acquaintance with any plant, animal, stone or constellation should begin with the question: “What is your name?”
But you can’t just ask them! Not a flower, not a butterfly, not a star... That is, you can ask, of course, but they won’t answer, they’ll remain silent. How can you make friends with them without knowing their names?
And here our atlas-identifier will come to the rescue. He will tell you what their name is. And it will tell you what you first need to know about this creature, constellation, stone.
How to use the atlas? It's not difficult at all. Having seen something that interests you (in a forest, a park, at home, in a lively corner of a school, in a garden plot, etc.), find it in the pictures of the atlas, read the name and description in the text.
But how can you find what you need in the atlas, since there is so much in it? First of all, you need to decide which section of the book is required: “Stones”, “Plants”, “Mushrooms and Lichens”, “Animals”, “Stars”. Then, in the table of contents at the beginning of the desired section, find what is suitable for your case and open the appropriate page (or pages).
When looking for a suitable design, carefully compare it with the natural object you are identifying. Be sure to read the description. In many cases it will help you a lot.

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Thousands and thousands of parents of primary school children know about this book, and it is practically unknown to mothers and fathers of preschool children. It's a pity... The book is a find, I'll call it that. Moreover, this is a find both in its essence and in its purpose :)

It’s too early for us to talk about the school curriculum and evaluate the book from the point of view of its compliance with it, but as the mother of a three-year-old child, I am infinitely happy with my purchase. When Ryzhik’s dad saw the Atlas-Identifier From Earth to Heaven, his delight knew no bounds: it turns out that he had been looking for and dreaming of such a book for a long time. And why all? And because it’s not enough for us to have our own ignorance about the blades of grass and blades of grass around us, now Ryzhik often puts him in an awkward position, asking what kind of tree, flower or bird this is)))) Now, thanks to Pleshakov, the child will doubt less often in parental competence, and our walks will become even more interesting: I have long wanted to study the flora and fauna around our house, at least within a kilometer radius. And I’m already looking forward to seeing everything blossom, become colorful and squeak around. Never before has a book aroused such desire in me!)) In the meantime, we are looking at animals, birds and insects and looking for presentations on them on YouTube. By the way, I highly recommend this selection.

A.A. Pleshakov. Atlas-determinant From earth to sky.

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Don’t forget that you can buy, there are just a huge number of promotions going on right now.

Flexible, dense, soft, cellophane-coated (and therefore stain-resistant) cover, fairly durable and slightly transparent offset, beautiful realistic images. It was from this book that I learned several official names of mushrooms (for example, not blue, but dubovik: despite the fact that I am an avid professional mushroom picker, I have wild gaps here); saw what chicory looks like; I read what constellations we can observe in winter or summer... Of course, the guide does not pretend to be a comprehensive publication, plants, animals, birds - all from the middle zone and not in full, but this is exactly what we need, isn’t it? All the basic information, all the main points (the main ones for scientists, not for ordinary people. For us, believe me, the information here is through the roof) are present.

Each section begins with a heartfelt and beautiful preface-explanation and ends with an alphabetical index of the listed “objects” of nature. The gradation is logically understandable and pleasant. If these are plants, then the search is carried out by habitat (otherwise it would be difficult to find anything at all in the book, but there are many books of pseudo-identifiers). For example, herbaceous plants of open areas, forests or bodies of water with mandatory gradation in color. And besides this:

Almost all names have emphasis, a short but good full description for each picture, good depiction of images, a pictogram on each page corresponding to a specific section.

I regret one thing: that there are only a few such books, that so many frankly vulgar atlases and guidebooks are published, completely unjustified, but at least well promoted and promoted, that so often books are worth real investments, and it would be better to hide behind a chic cover and a chic name of the publishing house real and deep work, albeit simple in appearance, but invaluable in its benefits. I’m generally silent about the price of 200 and a few kopecks rubles...

During walks near the house, forays into nature, trips to grandparents (there is nothing to say here - the forests are fantastic in Belarus!) - the book is strongly required to accompany us everywhere. She is good!