What is unusual about heroes in fairy tales and parables? Analysis of the Tatar folk tale “Three Daughters”. Reading the poem “What do you have? “What do you have?”
"Home Sweet Home"
To understand the basic values of life and build a creative life program. - Yu.E. Chelovskaya
In one beautiful State there lived a Royal family. Peace and joy reigned in their castle. But one day trouble happened. As the King walked through the garden, picking flowers for his dear daughters, the sky darkened and thunder and lightning began to be heard. Suddenly he saw the Green Snake Gorynych flying, he picked up the King and carried him away to his dark kingdom.
Chaos set in in their Kingdom, the city began to empty, then it was time to draw lots to see who would dare save the King and prevent the entire State from perishing. The King’s youngest daughter decided to take this brave action. While the eldest daughter is appointed to the post of head of the provisional government.
The youngest, without thinking twice, packs her things, jumps on her Faithful Black Horse and goes in search of her father.
For a long, long time she galloped through fields, forests, and ravines until she saw a foreign State. Having entered the city, she saw jewelry, things, drinks from different countries, attracting her so much that the Princess forgot how she ended up here and why. And then she remains in this wonderful, full of sparkle place.
Lived there for a long time. One day, when she was walking by the beautiful seashore, she met a Prince...
He asked her:
- Light of my eyes, do you like music?
“Yes,” answered the Princess.
“Then I will be happy to perform my best composition for you on the Harp.”
Playing it very melodiously and beautifully, he bewitched the Princess and wanted to imprison him... but then the string of the Harp broke and the Princess freed herself from the spell and realized that it was the False Prince.
Jumping onto her Faithful Horse, she galloped to the call of her heart, fearing that the False Prince would repair his Harp and overtake her... began to look for shelter in order to hide at least for a while. Having galloped half the night, she fixed her gaze on the open gate... from which warmth wafted. Jumping off her horse, she went there. There a woman called to her:
- Hello Princess! My people and I have been waiting for you for a long time! What stopped you from coming earlier?
- Hello! For what? I don't remember! In these foreign lands I was captivated and bewitched by the glitter of jewels and the musical Harp of the False Prince. I have never felt such inner emptiness as I do now! I really hope that you can tell me what to do next?
“The fact is that our worst enemy, the Green Snake Gorynych, has been stealing the city’s residents for a long time. And one day, my husband the Sage had a sign that when the Princess came into our house, accompanied by the Faithful Black Horse, sorrow would end, for she would defeat the founder of all troubles and suffering.. And here you are, because your father was kidnapped by the Green Snake Gorynych, you alone dared to go looking for him.
- Who are you?
- I am a good Sorceress, and my husband is a Sage. I want to help you and give you a magic ball that will show you the way.
- Thank you for your help and guiding me towards my goal. Goodbye.
- Goodbye! Wait a minute! Remember: on the way to the lair, danger may await you at every step. Be careful and don’t forget - we believe in you!
And the Princess, leaving her horse with the Good Witch and the Sage, went after the magic ball, which was the only one who knew the way to the Serpent’s lair. Along the path she meets the Heat - a Bird languishing in the ice, who begs her to help her free herself from this age-old curse.. To do this, you need to solve riddles. The princess makes up her mind. Then the Firebird asks her questions:
- Which is faster?
- What is the cutest thing in the world?
-What is dearest of all?
-Which is fattier?
The princess, without hesitation, answers:
- Faster than anything else - Thought. Thought is the seed and love is the water that nourishes it. The main thing is to realize the value of your thoughts.
- Dearest of all - this is a Dream, in a dream all grief is forgotten!
- Family is dearest of all, because one for all and all for one. They stand up for each other.
- The fattest thing is the Earth, what does not grow, what does not live - the Earth nourishes.
The Clever Princess melted the Age-old Ice by guessing the riddles, and as gratitude, the Firebird tore out a burning feather, which would later illuminate the path to the dark dungeon of the Green Serpent Gorynych. So she went on her way. She approached the spring and suddenly heard groans... looking around, she saw an Apple tree that was drying up. The tree asked to be watered. The princess, having collected water in her palms, fulfilled Yablonka’s request, and in return for her help and compassion, she revealed the secret of the water of this spring, with the help of which you can defeat any dark forces. She also gave a jug. The princess thanked Apple Tree, filled a jug with Magic water from the spring and moved on. Whether it was long or short, the ball was finally over. The princess raised his eyes and saw the Crystal Castle, entering there she thought: “How can... in such a beautiful place... the most terrible creature live?” But, remembering the parting words of the Good Witch, she decides to take out the feather given by the Firebird. The feather was so bright that the light opened her eyes rather than blinding her. Seeing the wretched picture... of this dungeon full of burning... emptiness... dirt and poor imprisoned people, the Princess experiences fear, but her inner core and newfound confidence give her the strength to move on... Passing by monotonous rooms, she finds herself in the main Hall, where Green dominates Dragon. The princess sees a table set, and next to it there is a throne on which the Serpent sits.
- Hello! Have a seat! Are you perhaps hungry? Taste my food and drinks!
- Thank you, generous Green Snake Gorynych! I came to give you a gift so that you will have mercy!
- Come to me, let me take a look!
The princess comes up and hands him a jug of water. But the Serpent sensed a catch and gave her gift back. Crying out:
- Take it! Liar!
Without hesitation, the Princess throws out Magic Water on the Snake and he disappears... all that is left of him is a bunch of keys... The Princess picks them up and runs to free the prisoners. Among them she finds her father. And he says:
- How long have I been waiting for you!
The daughter, through tears of joy, replies: “I’m so happy that you’re with me again!”
The people rejoice and everyone returns home. Everything ends well.. And the fairy tale continues.. I can only promise that they will live and live, and although I had a hard time believing that the house would be filled with joy, still Good prevails, and Success awaits every hero!
ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
Main theme Line of fairy tale heroes (motivation of actions) | The line of fairy tale heroes (a way to overcome difficulties) The line of the fairy tale heroes (attitude to the surrounding world and to oneself e) 1. What do the hero’s actions bring joy, grief, or insight to those around him? | Actualized feelings Images and symbols in fairy tales Originality of the plot |
THE WOLF IS INSIDE US
One old Cherokee Indian told his grandson about the struggle that occurs in the human soul. He said: - Baby, two wolves are fighting in us, one represents Misfortune - fear, anxiety, anger, envy, melancholy, self-pity, resentment and inferiority.
Another Wolf Happiness - joy, love, hope, serenity, kindness, generosity, truth and compassion.
The little Indian thought for a few moments, and then asked: “Which wolf wins in the end?” The old Cherokee answered simply: “The wolf you feed always wins.”
PENCIL
Before putting the pencil into the box, the pencil maker put it aside.
There are five things you must know, he told the pencil, before I send you out into the world. Always remember them and never forget them, and you will become the best penciler you can be.
First, you can do many great things, but only if you allow someone to hold you in their hand.
Second, you will experience painful sharpening from time to time, but it will be necessary to become a better penciler.
Third, you will be able to correct the mistakes you make.
Fourth, your most important part will always be inside you.
And fifth - no matter what surface you are used on, you are always obliged to leave your mark. Regardless of your condition, you must continue to write.
PARABLE ABOUT THE HORSE
The peasant's horse ran away. How to sow, how to plow? The peasant began to cry. Somehow they plowed the field, somehow they sowed it. Time has passed. The horse came and brought the foal. Oh, what luck, the horse ran away and brought a foal. The foal grew up and turned into a powerful horse. A peasant's son rode on it, fell and broke his leg. “What grief,” the peasant cried, “my son broke his leg.” In the morning there is a knock on the door: mobilization. All the young guys are taken to war with the neighboring kingdom. But they didn’t take the peasant’s son. He was delighted: what a blessing - his son broke his leg.
- If we cannot change the situation, then we can choose how to react to it: with a plus sign or with a minus sign.
- Everything that is done is for the better; in every event there is a meaning that cannot be immediately grasped. Only subsequent events will prove the goodness of what happened.
- Every problem is a test, every test is a challenge. In every challenge lies the germ of future success. Time passes, a chain of events unfolds, leading a person to success.
GORGEOUS [anti-manipulation, honesty]
A girl walked along the road, as beautiful as a fairy. Suddenly she noticed that a man was following her. She turned around and asked:"Tell me, why are you following me?"
The man replied: “Oh, mistress of my heart, your charms are so irresistible that they command me to follow you. They say about me that I play the lute beautifully, that I am initiated into the secrets of the art of poetry and that I know how to awaken the pangs of love in the hearts of women. And I want to declare my love to you, because you have captivated my heart!”
The beauty looked at him silently for a while, then said: “How could you fall in love with me? My younger sister is much more beautiful and attractive than me. She is following me, look at her.”
The man stopped, then turned around, but saw only an ugly old woman in a patched cape. Then he quickened his steps to catch up with the girl. Lowering his eyes, he asked in a voice expressing resignation: “Tell me, how could a lie come out of your mouth?”
She smiled and answered: “You, my friend, also did not tell me the truth when you swore your love. You know perfectly all the rules of love and pretend that your heart is burning with love for me. How could you turn around to look to another woman?
ABOUT COFFEE
A young girl comes to her father and says: “Father, I’m tired, I have such a hard life, such difficulties and problems, I’m always swimming against the tide, I don’t have any more strength. What should I do?”
Father, instead of answering, put three identical pots of water on the fire, threw carrots into one, put an egg into another, and poured ground coffee beans into the third. After a while, he took the carrots and egg out of the water and poured coffee from the third pan into the cup.
What changed? - he asked his daughter.
The egg and carrots were cooked, and the coffee beans dissolved in the water, she answered.
No, my daughter, this is only a superficial look at things. Look - hard carrots, having been in boiling water, became soft and pliable. The fragile and liquid egg became hard. Outwardly they have not changed, they only changed their structure under the influence of the same unfavorable circumstances - boiling water. Likewise, people who are strong outwardly can fall apart and become weaklings where the fragile and tender ones only harden and get stronger...
What about coffee? - asked the daughter.
ABOUT! This is the most interesting! The coffee beans completely dissolved in the new hostile environment and changed it - they turned boiling water into a magnificent aromatic drink. There are special people who do not change due to circumstances - they change the circumstances themselves and turn them into something new and beautiful, extracting benefit and knowledge from the situation.
SAD [self-esteem, self-acceptance]
One day the king went into his garden and found withered and dying trees, shrubs and flowers. The oak said that it was dying because it was not as tall as the pine. Turning to the pine tree, the king discovered that it was dying because it could not produce grapes. And the vineyard dies because it cannot bloom as beautifully as a rose.
And the king found only one flower, a pansy, blooming and fresh as always. He was interested to know why this was happening. The flower replied:
I took it for granted that when you planted me, you wanted pansies. If you wanted to see an oak tree, a vineyard or a rose in the garden, you would plant them. And I - if I cannot be anything other than what I am - I will try to be it as best as possible.
You are here because existence needs you as you are. Otherwise there would be someone else here.
COLLECT FLUFF
One man spoke ill of the rabbi. But one day, feeling remorse, he decided to ask for forgiveness, saying that he agreed to any punishment. The rabbi told him to take some down pillows, rip them open, and let the down fly into the wind. When the man did this, the rabbi told him: "Now go and collect the fluff."
But this is impossible! - the man exclaimed.
Certainly. And although you may sincerely regret the evil you have caused, it is just as impossible to correct the evil caused by words as it is to collect all the fluff.
TEACHER
One day a neighbor's woman came to the wise Teacher with a boy and said: "I have already tried all the ways, but the child does not listen to me. He eats too much sugar. Please tell him that this is not good. He will listen because he respects you very much."
The teacher looked at the child, at the trust in his eyes, and said: “Come back in three weeks.”
The woman was completely bewildered. It's such a simple thing! It’s not clear... People came from different countries, and the Teacher helped them solve big problems at once... But she obediently came after three weeks. The teacher looked at the child again and said: “Come back in three more weeks.”
Here the woman could not stand it and dared to ask what was the matter. But the Teacher only repeated what was said. When they came for the third time, the Teacher said to the boy: “Son, listen to my advice, don’t eat a lot of sugar, it’s bad for your health.”
Since you advise me, I won’t do this anymore,” the boy replied.
After this, the mother asked the child to wait for her outside. When he left, she asked: “Teacher, why didn’t you do this the first time, it’s so simple?”
The teacher admitted to her that he himself loved to eat sugar, and before giving advice, he had to get rid of this weakness himself. At first he decided that three weeks would be enough, but he was wrong...
One of the signs of a true Master is this: he will never teach something that he has not experienced himself.
VALUES IN LIFE
Before a lecture, a philosophy professor enters the hall and lays out severalvarious things. When class begins, he silently takes a large empty mayonnaise jar and fills it with large rocks.
Then he asks: “Was the jar full?”
Yes! - the students agree.
Then the professor takes out a box with small pebbles and pours them into the same jar. He shook the jar a little, and the pebbles, of course, filled the open areas between the stones. He asked the students again: “Is the jar full?”
They laughed and agreed that the jar was full. Then, the professor takes out a box of sand and pours it into a jar. Naturally, sand fills the rest of the space.
Now,” said the professor, “I want you to understand that this is your life.” Stones are important things: your family, your friends, your health, your children. If everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.
Pebbles are other things that matter like your job, your home, your car. Sand - everything else is just the little things in life. If you pour sand into the jar first, there will be no room for pebbles and stones.
It's the same in life. If you spend all your time and energy on the little things, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that matter most to your happiness. Take care of the stones first, it really makes a difference.
Set your priorities. The rest is just sand.
The husband and wife lived for thirty years. On the day of the 30th anniversary of their marriage, the wife, as usual, baked a loaf of bread - she baked it every morning, it was a tradition. At breakfast, she divided it crosswise, buttered both parts, and, as usual, served the top part to her husband, but halfway her hand stopped...
She thought: “On the day of our thirtieth anniversary, I want to eat this rosy part of the bun myself; I’ve been dreaming about it for 30 years. After all, I’ve been an exemplary wife for thirty years, I raised wonderful sons for him, I was a faithful and good lover, I ran a household , she put so much strength and health into our family.”
Having made this decision, she hands the bottom of the bun to her husband, and her hand shakes - a violation of 30 years of tradition! And the husband, taking the bun, said to her: “What an invaluable gift you gave me today, my love! For 30 years I have not eaten my favorite, the bottom part of the bun, because I believed that it rightfully belonged to you.”
IN SEARCH OF DESTINY
One day, two sailors set off on a journey around the world to find their destiny. They sailed to an island where the leader of one of the tribes had two daughters. The eldest is a beauty, and the youngest... Well, how can I say so as not to offend anyone... Not really. One of the sailors said to his friend: “That’s it, I’ve found my happiness, I’m staying here and marrying the leader’s daughter.”
Yes, you're right, the leader's eldest rain is beautiful and smart. You made the right choice - get married.
You don't understand me, friend! I will marry the chief's youngest daughter.
Are you crazy? She's... not very good.
This is my decision and I will do it.
The friend sailed further in search of his happiness, and the groom went to get married. It must be said that in the tribe it was customary to give a ransom for the bride... in cows. A good bride stood ten cows. He drove ten cows and approached the leader:
Leader, I want to take your daughter and I will give ten cows for her!
It's a good choice. My eldest daughter is beautiful, smart, and worth ten cows. I agree.
No, leader, you don't understand. I want to marry your youngest daughter.
Are you kidding me, dear man? Don't you see, she's so... not very good.
I want to marry her.
Okay, but as an honest person I can’t take ten cows, she’s not worth it. I'll take three cows for her, no more.
No, I want to pay exactly ten cows.
They merried. Several years passed, and the wandering friend, already on his ship, decided to visit his remaining comrade and find out how his life was. He arrived, walked along the shore, and was met by a woman of unearthly beauty. He asked her how to find his friend. She showed. He comes and sees his friend sitting, kids running around...
How are you?
I'm happy.
Then that same beautiful woman comes in.
Here, meet me. This is my wife.
How? Did you get married again?
No, it's still the same woman.
But how did it happen that she changed so much?
How about you ask her yourself?
A friend approached the woman and said: “Sorry for the tactlessness, but I remember what you were like... not very much. What happened that you became so beautiful?”
Just one day I realized that I was worth ten cows....
PSYCHOTHERAPY TALES
CLOUD AND LAKE
Prevention of a passive life position, “self-flagellation”, refusal of constructive activity - V. Buyanovskaya
You probably all know the large impassable swamp north of the city. Nothing grows on it, and it seems that only occasionally black clouds fly over it. Neither the sun, nor the moon, much less a cloud, ever appears above him. Neither birds singing nor human speech can be heard there. Even children and animals avoid this disastrous place.
But once upon a time, a very, very long time ago, everything was completely different. Then, a long time ago, in the place of this terrible swamp, there was a beautiful Lake. Throughout the entire District, the lake was famous for its clear water; graceful willows stood along the banks, bathing their loose branches in the waters of the lake. And all kinds of fish were found there. From the very early morning, boys came to fish and splash in the clear waters; in the afternoon, adults came to swim, relax, and take a sip of crystal water after a hard day. Lovers came at night. How much laughter, how many declarations of love the Lake heard. And the birds sang all day. In the morning, the Sun greeted the Lake, bathing its rays in its waters; at night, the moon paved a silver path along which little silver men glided.
More often than others, one Cloud floated over the Lake. It was so small, so light, so fast. Cloud loved the Lake very much and every time tried to be with him as much as possible. Cloud loved the Lake very much, but the Lake was very proud, unapproachable and did not encourage such advances. It offended Cloud, and Cloud cried, it floated into the distance, but then forgot everything and returned.
But the Lake loved only itself. He became irritated by the singing of birds, the dancing of fish, and the laughter of children. It was so proud that it did not even like the small streams that flowed into it. Everything irritated him. The lake believed that it was very beautiful and no one was worthy of it, no one could compare with it. And Cloud cried more and more often. Other clouds and adult clouds could not calmly watch as Cloud melted. They half-forced, half-persuaded me to fly south, to distant Africa. At first, Cloud was very worried, but when he saw how people and plants rejoiced at him, he slowly got used to life without the Lake.
And the Lake, since Cloud flew away, has become completely unbearable. Only Cloud's cheerful and easy-going disposition smoothed over the worsening and worsening character of the Lake. Over time, the birds began to fly around the Lake and the fish tried to move to other bodies of water. Gradually, the Lake stopped communicating with the streams that had been replenishing it with fresh water for so long. The lake was no longer so crystal clear. No one could hear his vows of love or children’s laughter on the banks; no one wanted to swim after a hard day. Even the beautiful willows removed their loose branches; they had nowhere else to look. The lake gradually became more and more muddy and swampy.
The frogs were the last to leave him. They couldn’t bear that no one could hear them, and there was no one to try for. But the Lake didn’t worry. He felt very good alone, no one distracted him from smart thoughts, no one stopped him from admiring himself. True, sometimes it glanced at the sky to see if a Cloud was passing by. But the cloud did not float by. Only sometimes a black cloud stopped, looked reproachfully, showered him with streams of abuse and floated on. And the Lake lived its own life, incomprehensible to anyone. It didn’t even notice when it managed to turn into a swamp. And the worst thing is that he didn’t care at all.
PARTING
A fairy tale for children whose parents are breaking up - A. Smirnova
Trouble has happened to the bear family. Quite unexpectedly for the little bear, dad went to live in another den. All he said was: “Don’t worry, son, we’ll see each other, just less often.” Mishutka was more upset by these words than reassured. He couldn’t understand why dad decided to leave and why they should rarely see each other, why he couldn’t play ball with him before dinner, swim in the pond as before, and not hear the usual in the morning: “Get up, sleepyhead, it’s already day.” has begun".
“How scary these adults are,” thought the bear, “they always need to change something. After all, everything was so good.”
One night, hearing his mother quietly crying, the bear came out of the den and knocked on the owl’s door.
Listen, owl, you are the wisest in our forest. Explain why dad left us? Maybe we offended him in some way or he just stopped loving us?
Owl thought about it.
You know, bear, there are many difficult questions in life. They are not easy to answer.
Even you?
Even me.
I heard my mother crying today and I was completely confused. What if dad left because of me? He probably stopped loving me, and if I leave home, he will return to my mother. Then she won't cry anymore.
I think your mom will be even more upset, but your dad loves you. He himself told me about this. He feels just as bad as you, but he doesn’t show it to anyone.
But if he feels bad, why doesn't he come back?
Because in the lives of adults, things often happen that are difficult for children to understand. Many years will pass before you learn about the many complexities of life.
But I want to know now. Why do people break up? I heard from the animals that dad has a new family. It turns out that he abandoned us and will soon completely forget?
No, he won't forget. You are part of his life.
I don't want to be a part. Let everything be as before.
You see, bear, every family has its own life. It can be very long. Children grow up, and mothers and fathers separate before grandchildren appear.
Is it like a fox? Their mother left them.
And like a fox, and like a bunny. He came to me last summer and complained that dad was hurting mom, but as soon as he stood up for it, he got it too.
I know. The bunny said that he was afraid of his dad, and he felt calmer together with his mom.
You see how different relationships can be. Your parents probably felt that their life together ended sooner than they wanted. And so as not to offend each other, as happened in the bunny’s family, they parted.
There are some flowers that cannot live together in the same flower bed, although they like each other. If they grow up next to each other, they quickly begin to see each other and constantly argue and quarrel. When they are transplanted to different flower beds, they bloom again.
The same happens with adults. At first they love each other, and then something happens and it becomes difficult to live together.
I understand, but that doesn't make it any easier.
That's how it should be. Breaking up with someone you love is always hard, but sometimes it happens. The main thing is to be able to survive it.
It’s hard to be a child,” sighed the little bear.
Being an adult isn't easy either. You will understand this when you grow up. So don't be offended by dad and calm mom down. She's very worried about you. It's hard for her now too. Help her.
POWER OF LOVE
A fairy tale about the value of love, the relationship between a man and a woman. - Andrey Gnezdilov
In the old knightly times, people, in addition to their own names, gave each other nicknames. This especially applied to kings. Who hasn't heard about Henry the Handsome, Louis the Magnificent, Charles the Bold. But in one country there lived a king for whom they could not find a nickname. As soon as he was given a nickname, he changed, showing completely opposite qualities. To begin with, when he ascended the throne, he was nicknamed the Weak. It happened like this. There was a custom in the country according to which queens inherited the throne and then chose their own husbands. According to knightly traditions, a tournament was convened and the queen made the strongest person her chosen one. But at that time Queen Palla was on the throne. She was called beautiful, but, in addition, she also had a willful character and no one could guess what she would do. And so, at the tournament, where the strongest Knights fought for the honor of taking the throne, the queen chose not the winner, but the weakest knight. His name was Rich, and no matter who he tried to fight, he was immediately knocked out of the saddle. What a scandal happened when Palla, leaving the throne, put a golden crown on his head!
However, there was no need to argue with the queen. But King Rich immediately received the nickname Weak. And of course, the offended vassals refused to obey him. They joined forces and decided to overthrow Rich and give the queen a husband they would respect. Their troops surrounded the capital and demanded that the king be deposed. Then the king and queen rode out of the gate, and Palla said that if there was at least one of the warriors capable of defeating the king, then she would agree to give in to the demands of her subjects. And then a miracle happened. The strongest knights clashed with the weak king, and not one of them stayed in the saddle. The shamed knights were forced to submit. No one understood how it happened that Rich emerged victorious from all the fights. - Maybe there is witchcraft involved here?
Yes, witchcraft,” answered Queen Palla when she heard rumors of her subjects’ suspicions. - And his name is my love. She has the power to transform the weak into the strong. And from that time on King Rich began to be called Strong.
One day, the country suffered from crop failure and famine. People were ready to give the most expensive things for a piece of bread. And from somewhere, traders poured into the kingdom. They brought grain, but they charged exorbitant prices for it, so that when the grain disaster ended, the residents felt an even worse misfortune - dependence and slavery. Almost half the country was in debt. The power of King Rich has been shaken. His subjects now served not him, but cunning and greedy money lenders. Then the king announced that he intended to pay all the debts of the inhabitants of his country, but on the condition that the merchants leave it. Reluctantly, foreigners gathered in the capital. They did not at all want to leave the kingdom, where they lived so richly and freely. And so they came up with a trick. The blacksmiths made huge scales for them, and their slaves placed stone boulders on top of one of the cups, covered with a thin layer of gold. The merchants rubbed their hands contentedly, knowing in advance that the king did not have enough treasures that could outweigh the other cup. Indeed, when all the gold of the royal treasury was lightly on the scales, they did not even flinch.
Your Majesty! Even if you yourself step on the scales with all your valor, they are unlikely to be able to outweigh the debts! - the traders said sarcastically. And then the king took off his crown, stepped off the throne and stood on the scales. They didn't move. Rich looked at the queen and she smiled at him. At the same instant, the scales containing the king dropped and touched the ground. The amazed moneylenders could not believe their eyes, and the king began to throw gold from the bowl. Finally, he alone remained on the scales, and the bowl with gilded stones still hung in the air.
“I’m not going to bargain,” Rich said.
Therefore, I offer myself for the debts of my subjects. You see the scales don't lie. The traders hissed angrily: “What do we need this king for without his treasures and country?” He doesn't even have a crown. He's nobody.
Then get out! - the king exclaimed angrily. - And if even one remains on my land until tomorrow morning, he will be executed!
But we won’t have time to collect our goods! - the traders shouted. Here is your goodness, which you put on the scales! Take it with you! - Rich answered.
And the crowd of moneylenders, fearing that their deception would be revealed and they would pay with their heads, dragged their stones away from the capital.
How much do you weigh, Your Majesty? “The queen asked Richa, laughing.
“As much as your witchcraft,” answered the king, who was immediately nicknamed Heavy.
A little time passed, and new events befell the lives of Rich and Palla. From the farthest outskirts of the country, where inaccessible mountains rose, Lady Cora Glon arrived at the court. The queen was beautiful, but she involuntarily had to look away when the burning gaze of the new beauty slowly slid over the admiring crowd of nobles, and then boldly stopped at the queen. Truly this was a dangerous rival. Her bold outfits, which flouted modesty, kindled the hearts of men. She danced with such passion, as if she had the deepest feelings for everyone who was paired with her. She could, without knowing fatigue, ride a horse from morning until late at night. She shot the bow without missing. But the most important thing is that she was surrounded by mystery. No one knew before about the existence of Glon Castle, no one could fully understand the charm of Cora, who dazzled with her wealth and freedom of circulation.
No one knew the intoxicating aromas that she used in her perfumes. Apparently, they turned their heads, giving birth to the most shameless dreams. And finally, who did she need? She seemed to want everything and everyone at once. And so, as if madness entered along with Lady Glon. Ardent youths and stern men, forgetting about their affections, were drawn to only Kora. Fierce disputes, wild jealousy, deadly fights - that’s what fascinated the courtiers.
Tears and despair, passion and anger trailed Lady Glon in an endless train, and she seemed not to notice anything. 
With laughter, singing, and dancing, she called to her, promising herself to everyone who would submit to her alone. Without a scepter and crown, she began to reign at court, and poor Palla had to share power with her. Ball after ball, holiday after holiday followed non-stop, and Lady Glon was inexhaustible, like her wealth, which she generously threw at feasts and pleasures. From time to time she brought this or that admirer closer to her. But his happiness was short-lived, and soon he disappeared somewhere. No one dared to accuse Cora, because the new victim was eager to replace her opponent.
King Rich took part in all the entertainment, but none of the courtiers could accuse him of treason. Many thought that Cora was aiming at him, gradually drawing the king into her trap, and warned Pallu. But she could not overcome her pride and demand an explanation from her subject or ask the king to stop the revelry.
But one day the king did not return from the hunt. In vain did the queen wait for him, in vain did the huntsmen search the entire forest. There is no trace left of King Rich. And evil tongues immediately renamed it from Heavy to Light. But the sadness for the disappeared king was short-lived. Lady Glon, breaking the mourning, again prepared a magnificent ball. The queen tried to call her subjects to order, but they refused to obey her.
- Give us a new king, Your Majesty, and we will obey! - answered the nobles, trained by Cora. But Palla flatly refused. Having left the palace, the queen, so as not to hear the sounds of fun, went into the forest. The night was drawing to a close when Palla heard the clatter of hooves. A cavalcade of dressed-up horsemen with torches in their hands rushed through the forest.
These were drunken guests who decided to finish the feast with hunting. But it was not animals that served as her prey. They rushed after Kore Glon. Now a cheerful band scattered through the forest, and only distant voices and laughter awakened the silence. The Queen wanted to continue her journey, but suddenly stopped at the edge of the clearing. In the middle of it she saw a familiar knight. He froze, rooted to the spot, looking ahead of him and lowering the dying torch. Then the bushes parted, and Lady Glon appeared on horseback to meet him. She was naked, and only wild hair fell over her white shoulders, tangled with the horse's mane. A pack of silent dogs ran out into the clearing and surrounded the knight. Cora raised her hand imperiously, and he, touching the reins, approached her. How the snake wrapped itself around the knight's lady and grabbed his lips, and the dogs grabbed his horse.
With a muffled sad cry, the rider disappeared, and in his place, with his tail between his legs, was a new dog. The lady spurred her horse, and a pack of dogs followed her. Palla returned to the palace with horror, realizing that Cora Glon was a sorceress and fighting her was pointless. She could not rely on any of her subjects. And a conspiracy was already brewing around her. And so, at the end of the year, the courtiers again gathered in the palace and demanded that the queen choose a new king.
No,” answered Palla. - I choose only once, and you know my choice is King Rich.
But he betrayed you and the kingdom! - angry voices rang out.
Maybe so, but he did not change my love! - Palla answered.
It's time to make a new choice, queen! - Lady Glon said, approaching the throne. A triumphant smile curled her lips. A dozen conspirators surrounded the queen and tore off her crown.
I give you life, Palla! - exclaimed Cora Glon, laughing. - But only so that you share it with my jester. He remained faithful to you and therefore lost his crown. I'll put it on someone more worthy. The crowd moved away. Chained and clad in jester's attire, King Rich appeared before Palla.
Now you two will amuse me,” said the sorceress. With firm steps she climbed the steps of the throne and placed Palla's crown on her head. At the same instant, her head turned into a terrible dog's muzzle. The body shrank and became covered with fur. Instead of words, a hoarse bark came out of her mouth. The knights grabbed their weapons. With a wild howl, the witch jumped out the window and crashed on the stones.
Who could defeat the sorceress, Your Majesty? Rich asked Pallu. 
Not me! - she answered. - But my love and your loyalty!
Since then, King Rich has been nicknamed the Faithful.
How to convey simple truths to a child’s consciousness? A direct moralizing tale may have the opposite effect, and the tale will not be taken seriously.
To achieve this goal, Saint-Exupéry chose the amazing form of a fairy tale-parable. In fact, a successful combination of an interesting fairy tale with subtext that everyone can understand.
What is a "fairy tale"? A fairy tale is a genre of literary storytelling. The most important characteristic of a fairy tale is that it contains a mandatory orientation towards fiction. The main features of a fairy tale include “inconsistency with the surrounding reality” and “extraordinary... events that are narrated about.”
We will not go into detail regarding the characteristics of types of fairy tales. In our case we are talking about the author's fairy tale. It is characterized by an increased degree of psychologism, the transformation of characters from “signs” into full-blooded “images”. The author's fairy tale is also distinguished from others by its “double existence.” The author's fairy tale has several levels of reading, and therefore can be perceived differently by adults and children. Moreover, it does not matter which reader the fairy tale is addressed to, as evidenced by two equivalent processes: the transformation of “adult” books into “children’s” books and vice versa.
Does The Little Prince meet this definition? The unusual meeting of the pilot and the Little Prince from the “asteroid B-612” is an unlikely fact in real life. The fabulousness can also be confirmed by other genre features present in the text: the hero’s fantastic journey, fairy-tale characters.
However, one should not think that if the fairy tale genre is used, then it will be naive. Very often Exupery was reproached for the apparent primitivism of the fairy tale. The writer did not hide the fact that he was looking for simple truths. Simple, in this case, does not mean simplified at all. Rather, cleared of unnecessary details. Only such truths can be more or less adequately perceived by people of different nations, religions, and ages.
If we proceed from the famous definition that “adults are grown-up children,” and remember the special role that memories of childhood played in the life of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, then naturally we would like to connect the work with his own words that he himself “from the land of childhood.” But then all the pathos of “The Little Prince” can easily be put into the formula “take care, preserve your childhood,” a formula that, in general, is correct, but somewhat simplifies a complex literary work. This is not just a fairy tale.
In the Sahara Desert, and at the same time in the desert of the modern world, among “serious business people,” the Little Prince is infinitely alone. People are separated and lonely, even when they are together, due to the inability to understand, love another and create bonds of friendship. Let us remember the words of the Snake: “It’s also lonely among people.” The conflict between the main character and the inhabitants of the planets - “strange adults” - is unresolvable. Adults will never understand the child prince. They are strangers to each other. The inhabitants are blind and deaf to the call of the heart, the impulse of the soul. Their tragedy is that they do not strive to become a Personality. “Serious people” live in their own artificially created world, fenced off from the rest. Everyone has their own planet. They consider created little worlds to be the true meaning of existence! These faceless masks will never know what true love, friendship and beauty are.
From this theme follows the basic principle of romanticism - the principle of dual worlds. These two worlds will never come into contact: the world of the average man, who does not have access to the spiritual principle, and the world of the artist, who has moral qualities. It is for this reason that we have a romantic fairy tale.
The need for deep generalizations prompted Saint-Exupery to turn to the genre of parables. The lack of specific historical content, the conventions characteristic of this genre, its didactic conditionality allowed the writer to express his views on the moral problems of the time that worried him. The parable genre made it possible to embody Saint-Exupery's thoughts on the essence of human existence.
To implement the ideas of the parable, a very unique composition is used. The parabola is a basic component of the structure of a traditional parable. "The Little Prince" is no exception. It looks like this: the action takes place in a specific time and specific situation. The plot develops as follows: there is a movement along a curve, which, having reached the highest point of intensity, again returns to the starting point. The peculiarity of such plot construction is that, returning to the starting point, the plot takes on a new philosophical and ethical meaning. A new point of view on the problem finds a solution. Thus, the beginning and end of the story are connected with the hero’s arrival on Earth and his parting with the Earth, the pilot, and the Fox.
The little prince returns again to his planet, to his Rose. Then, when the adult and the child were together, they discovered a lot of new things both in life and in each other, and they parted already different - renewed and wiser.
Despite the fact that the Little Prince is a child, he discovers a true vision of the world that is inaccessible even to an adult. And the people with dead souls whom the main character meets on his way are much more terrible than fairy-tale monsters.
But the main tragedy of Saint-Exupery’s “adult” heroes is not so much that they are subordinated to the material world, but that they “lost” all spiritual qualities and began to exist meaninglessly, and not live in the full sense of the word.
"…When I was 6 years old. I discovered an amazing picture at one time...” or: “...It’s been 6 years since my friend left me with the lamb.” This is the language of tradition, legend, parable. Stylistic manner - the transition from image to generalization, from parable to morality - is a characteristic feature of Saint-Exupery's writing talent.
There are sizes of works (number of sheets). This is a miniature, a story, a novel, a novel. There are genres of works. This is comedy, tragedy, drama, mysticism, horror, science fiction, fantasy. And there are types of works. This is a fairy tale, tale, myth, epic, legend, fable, parable, anecdote.
A fairy tale is a narrative, usually folk poetic work about fictional persons and events, mainly involving magical, fantastic forces.
A tale is a folk epic story about folk heroes.
Myth is an ancient folk tale about legendary heroes; gods, about phenomena
nature.
Bylina is a Russian folk epic song - tales of heroes.
A legend is a poetic story about some historical event.
A fable is a short allegorical, moralizing poem or story.
A parable is a short allegorical, instructive story.
An anecdote is a very short story with funny content and an unexpected ending.
What unites all these types of works? They contain folk wisdom. There are no barriers for them. People can pass them on by word of mouth. They make fun of human stupidity, human shortcomings, that is, they are instructive. Good wins in them, and evil is always punished. The main character in them is a strong, brave and strong-willed person or god who fights evil. Who are they written for? For children and adults. They all have a hidden meaning that needs to be understood. What are these works for? They raise a person's spiritual level. They call him to fight against evil, against ignorance. They awaken heroism in a person. Helps strengthen human willpower.
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Slide No. 2)
Goals:
- generalize students’ knowledge about fairy-tale people, their habits, character traits;
- continue to work on the development of students’ speech; foster a sense of camaraderie and mutual assistance;
- develop interest in literary reading.
Equipment:
- exhibition of drawings “Favorite fairy-tale characters”,
- fairy tale book exhibition, presentation,
- Winnie the Pooh song (song about Friendship).
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment
2. Introductory conversation
– Today we have an unusual lesson. We finished the section “Fairy-Tale Men”, and today they decided to all come to our lesson together. But they will appear only when you call their names.
4. Physical exercise
Pinocchio stretched,
He bent over once, he bent over twice.
He spread his arms to the sides,
Apparently I didn't find the key.
To get us the key,
We need to stand on our toes.
8. (Annex 1
. Slide No. 10)
– Why do you think these two heroes ended up together? (Originally from Italy, Pinocchio is a wooden doll, Cipollino is an onion)
– What character traits do these heroes have in common?
Task No. 2.
Words that define character qualities are written on pieces of paper. Choose those that you think suit our heroes.
Cheerful, fair, evil, cruel, kind, strict, cowardly, brave, with a sense of humor, a true friend.
– What do you think is the most important quality of character? (A true friend)
9. All our heroes are so different, and each of you has your own favorite, which you drew. Look at our exhibition “Favorite fairy-tale characters”.
– Why did you draw these particular characters?
(Ask several students)
10. We got acquainted with excerpts from various fairy tales. For those who want to learn more about the adventures of their favorite hero, I suggest you pay attention to our book exhibition.
5. Lesson summary
– Our journey is coming to an end. Answer the main question of our journey: What do our favorite heroes teach us? (Goodness, justice, friendship)
- Let's solve the crossword puzzle and find out what is most important in communication not only between fairy-tale heroes, but also between you and me. ( Annex 1 . Slide No. 11)
- Karabas's friend is Barabas, a leech collector. (Duremar)
- He lives on the roof, he has a friend Baby. (Carlson)
- A wooden boy who loved adventure. (Pinocchio)
- Piglet's friend, named Winnie the Pooh. (Teddy Bear)
- The bravest Hobbit. (Bilbo)
- Carlson's friend. (Baby)
(Key word – FRIENDSHIP)
– What was the key word?
– What proverbs about friendship do you know?
- Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.
- A friend in need is a friend indeed.
- If you don’t have a friend, look for him, but if you find him, take care of him.
- One for all, and all for one.
- Alone in the field is not a warrior.
– Is it only fairy-tale heroes who are helped by friendship and a true friend?
– Which of you knows how to be friends and has a true friend?
– I wish you to always be friendly, never quarrel, always help each other, protect each other. Listen to a song about friendship, and may it always accompany you in life.
I propose the development of one of the reading lessons, where the presentation of new material is interesting, attention is paid to the development of reading skills and differentiated work in the lesson.
Goals:
- Introduce the new section of the textbook “Fairy Tale - Parable”. Develop the ability to analyze fairy tales.
- To teach expressive reading of text, correct, beautiful, oral speech. Develop memory, attention, speech.
- Cultivate an interest in reading fairy tales, teach kind attitude towards people.
Equipment:
- Puppet theater (screen + dolls).
- Tape recorder (music cassette “There are many fairy tales in the world”).
- Screen and microphone.
- Books for the exhibition.
- Illustrations for a fairy tale.
During the classes
I. Org. moment. Emotional mood of the class.
Today we will learn a lot of new things, we will visit a puppet theater. I ask you not to be shy, to work actively. Everything will work out for you, let’s just listen carefully and work actively.
II. Speech warm-up. From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
- Reading by the teacher.
- See what sound we need to pronounce clearly[t] [p]
- Reading on your own.
- Reading aloud (slowly), “buzzing” reading.
- Read with surprise, anger. How a fox would read it, a bear.
- What animal is hidden in the tongue twister? (horse)
- Name in which works the horse appears?
- Have you listed stories or fairy tales for me?
I want to invite you to talk about fairy tales. We begin to get acquainted with fairy tales from a very early age. First, adults read them to us, and then we begin to read them ourselves. At this point in your life, I’m sure each of you knows a lot of fairy tales. Name them? A fairy tale is one of the main genres of folklore, an ethical, predominantly prosaic work of a magical, adventurous or everyday nature with a focus on fiction (large encyclopedia).
Let's remember fairy tales, for this we will organize a small competition for the best expert on fairy tales. The conditions are as follows: I read quotes from fairy tales, and you guess. I ask by raising my hand. We will reward the active student with a medal: “The best expert on fairy tales.”
1. You’re all covered in ash and dirt, where should you go to the feast?
You don’t have a dress or shoes, but you still want to dance.
(Cinderella)
2. It was so hard for the poor girl to part with the clear sun.
(Thumbelina)
3. Two little pigs caught their brother at work
What is this, a pig's house or a fortress?
A pig's house should be a fortress! - said Naf-Naf.
(Three piglets)
4. The girl got ready and went to her grandmother in another village. She walks through the forest, and a gray wolf meets her.
(Little Red Riding Hood)
Well done! You know fairy tales well. Rewarding!
III. New material.
Love, warmth, tenderness. What wonderful words with wonderful feelings behind them. And how they make your soul feel good. But in life there are other words, behind which there are completely different feelings. What to do with anger, envy, hatred?
Folk wisdom can tell us the answer to these questions, because from time immemorial man has had to resist anger, greed, and self-interest. And he knew that only his own ingenuity and cunning would help him cope with adversity.
Along with fairy tales, there have always been others - fairy tales - parables, in which the main characters were savvy and observant people, counting on their strength and well-being in any difficult situation, overcoming all life's obstacles.
We will get acquainted with one of these fairy tales a little later today. But first, let's look at the board and find out what the word parable means. A parable is a short allegorical and instructive story.
IV. Book exhibition
I have selected fairy tales and parables for you that are not in the textbook. To broaden your horizons, you can read them at home by borrowing them from the children's library. A short message about books.
V. Working with the textbook.
Let's open the textbooks to page 187 “The Wise Maiden.”
Look, does the book say who the author of this fairy tale is? (Not written)
True, this is a Russian folk tale. But there may be tales from other peoples of the world. For example, Lithuanian, Kalmyk, Spanish.
VI. Vocabulary work.
Before reading the text, let's work on words that are difficult for you to understand.
FAMOUS - famous, rich
KUMA is the godmother in relation to the parents.
KROSNY – weaving loom.
POPOL - the hem of the dress (invite the children to comment on some of the words themselves).
VII. Physical minute
Music “In the world of fairy tales”
VIII. Reading the entire text by good reading children.
IX. Conversation on text perception.
What feelings did the text you read evoke?
What is more good or evil in a fairy tale?
Which of the fairy tale characters did you like?
Why do you think the fairy tale is named this way?
X. Exercise for developing reading fluency in children. “Photo eye”.
Foal
Came up
Brother
Tsar
I remembered
Puzzles
Cart
XI. Reading text by children in a chain.
Children, today we will only work on a piece of text. Before reading the text, let’s turn to the memo (on each student’s desk). Let's remember how to read the text.
REMINDER.
- Put the emphasis correctly.
- Take breaks.
- Choose the strength of your voice (loud, quiet).
- Determine the pace (fast, slow).
- Read emotionally.
- Show your attitude to the work with intonation.
XII. Content work.
What caused the dispute between the poor and rich man?
How did the king judge the brothers?
How would you resolve the dispute?
Who helped the poor man solve the riddles?
What about the rich?
Let's talk about the mood that the brothers had?
Describe the poor guy?
XIII. Working on expressiveness.
And now I will suggest you to practice on the expressiveness of reading, and for this you and I will be announcers of the central TV. You've seen how announcers behave: they sit upright, read information away from the text.
1. Interested students sit at the table (screen, microphone) and read the selected passage, taking their eyes off the text. Children judge who was the best announcer.
2. I offer you role-playing reading using puppet theater. Let's divide into readers and actors.
Rich man.
Poor man.
Tsar.
Daughter.
Everyone came out and bowed. Applause.
IX. Differentiated work.
Everyone has a card on their desk, choose any task No. 1 - easy, No. 2 - a little more difficult, No. 3 - even more difficult.
№ 1. From the data words on the card, select those that you encountered while reading the text. Emphasize them.
Foal | Kuma |
Cart | Mystery |
Autumn | Fatter |
Rich | Stronger |
Cold | Leaves |
Icicle | Cake |
Green | Playful |
№ 2. Read the passage and think about what gestures and movements you would use for expressiveness.
Two brothers were traveling: one poor, the other eminent; Both have horses: the poor mare, the famous gelding. They stopped for the night nearby. The poor man's mare gave birth to a foal at night; the foal rolled under the rich man's cart. He wakes up the poor man in the morning:
The brother stands up and says:
How is it possible for a cart to give birth to a foal! My mare brought this.
No. 3. B find the extra sentence in the text. Check it out in the book.
Two brothers were traveling: one poor, the other eminent; They both have a horse: the poor one has a mare, and the famous one has a gelding. Great-Grandfather Frost shouted in a thin voice. They stopped for the night nearby. The poor man's mare gave birth to a foal at night; the foal rolled under the rich man's cart. And the squirrels jumped onto the floor and ran to the boy. He wakes up the poor man in the morning:
Well, sing if you want, but I won’t!
Get up, brother, my cart gave birth to a foal last night.
The brother stands up and says:
How is it possible for a cart to give birth to a foal! Look, my goodness, is there any money left there? My mare brought this.
X. Work on illustrating the text.
Let's try to become artists, but we will paint not with a brush, but with words. We work collectively in rows, watch our speech. The sentences to build are beautiful and correct. Children discuss collectively. One of the students comes out and describes the picture.
1 row | 2nd row | 3rd row |
