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Year of birth of the Prophet Muhammad. The story of the prophet Muhammad. Key dates and life events, brief biography

Islam is one of the most widespread religious movements in the world. Today, he has a total of over a billion followers worldwide. The founder and great prophet of this religion is a native of Arab tribes named Muhammad. His life - wars and revelations - will be discussed in this article.

Birth and childhood of the founder of Islam

The birth of the Prophet Muhammad is a very important event for Muslims. It happened in 570 (or so) in the city of Mecca, which is located on the territory of modern Saudi Arabia. The future preacher came from an influential tribe of Quraish - the guardians of Arab religious relics, the main of which was the Kaaba, which will be discussed below.

Muhammad lost his parents very early. He did not know his father at all, since he died before the birth of his son, and his mother died when the future prophet was barely six years old. Therefore, the boy was raised by his grandfather and uncle. Under the influence of his grandfather, young Muhammad was deeply imbued with the idea of monotheism, although most of his fellow tribesmen professed paganism, worshiping many deities of the ancient Arab pantheon. This is how the religious history of the Prophet Muhammad began.

The youth of the future prophet and first marriage

When the young man grew up, his uncle introduced him to his trading business. It must be said that Muhammad was quite successful in them, gaining respect and trust among his people. Things went so well under his leadership that over time he even became the manager of the trading affairs of a wealthy woman named Khadija. The latter fell in love with the young, enterprising Muhammad, and the business relationship gradually grew into a personal one. Nothing stopped them, since Khadija was a widow, and in the end Muhammad married her. This union was happy, the couple lived in love and harmony. From this marriage the prophet had six children.

Religious life of the prophet in his youth

Muhammad was always distinguished by his piety. He thought a lot about divine things and often retired to prayer. He also had the custom of annually retiring to the mountains for a long time, so that, hiding in a cave, he would spend time there in fasting and prayer. The further history of the Prophet Muhammad is closely connected with one of these solitudes, which occurred in 610. He was then about forty years old. Despite his already mature age, Muhammad was open to new experiences. And this year became a turning point for him. One can even say that then the second birth of the Prophet Muhammad took place, the birth precisely as a prophet, as a religious leader and preacher.

Revelation of Gabriel (Jabreel)

In short, Muhammad experienced a meeting with Gabriel (Jabreel in Arabic transcription) - an archangel known from Jewish and Christian books. The latter, Muslims believe, was sent by God to reveal to the new prophet a few words, which the latter was ordered to learn. These, according to Islamic beliefs, became the first lines of the Koran - the holy scripture for Muslims.

Subsequently, Gabriel, appearing in various guises or simply expressing himself in his voice, conveyed to Muhammad instructions and commands from above, that is, from God, who in Arabic is called Allah. The latter revealed himself to Muhammad as the Lord who had previously spoken in the prophets of Israel and in Jesus Christ. Thus the third arose - Islam. The Prophet Muhammad became its actual founder and ardent preacher.

Muhammad's life after the beginning of his sermon

The further history of the Prophet Muhammad is marked by tragedy. Because of his persistent preaching, he acquired many enemies. He and his converts were boycotted by his countrymen. Many Muslims were subsequently forced to seek refuge in Abyssinia, where they were mercifully sheltered by the Christian king.

In 619, Khadija, the faithful wife of the prophet, died. Following her, the uncle of the prophet died, who defended his nephew from his indignant fellow tribesmen. To avoid reprisals and persecution from enemies, Muhammad had to leave his native Mecca. He tried to find shelter in the nearby Arab city of Taif, but he was not accepted there either. Therefore, at his own peril and risk, he was forced to return.

When the Prophet Muhammad died, he was sixty-three years old. It is believed that his last words were the phrase: “I am destined to live in heaven among the most worthy.”

Mawlid an-Nabi, which in Arabic means the birth of the Prophet, is celebrated by the main movements in Islam on different days - Sunnis celebrate the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad on the 12th of Rabi al-Awwal, and Shiites on the 17th.

The month of Rabi al-Awwal, which means the beginning of spring, occupies a special place in the Muslim calendar, in which the Prophet Muhammad was born and then died.

The birth of the Prophet Muhammad began to be celebrated only 300 years after the advent of Islam.

Where and when was the Prophet born?

The Prophet Muhammad, according to tradition, was born around 570 (according to other sources in 571) AD according to the Gregorian calendar in the holy city of Mecca (Saudi Arabia) - interpreters of the Koran say that this event occurred on the 12th of the third month of the lunar calendar, in the year of the elephant , on Monday.

The exact date of birth of the Prophet Muhammad remained unknown, so in Islam the birthday celebration is actually timed to coincide with the date of his death - according to Islam, death is nothing more than birth to eternal life.

The Prophet Muhammad's father died a few months before his birth, and his mother, Amina, saw an angel in a dream who said that she was carrying a special child under her heart.

The very birth of the Prophet was accompanied by extraordinary events. He was born already circumcised and was immediately able to lean on his arms and raise his head.

The Prophet’s aunt Safiya told about his birth as follows: “At the birth of Muhammad, the whole world was flooded with light. As he appeared, he immediately made a soot (bow). And, raising his head, he clearly said: “There is no Deity but Allah, I am the Messenger of Allah.”

Orphan's share

Muhammad was orphaned when he was about six and his grandfather Abdul Mutalib, the head of the Hashemite clan, became his guardian. Two years later, after the death of his grandfather, the boy ended up in the house of his uncle Abu Talib, who began to teach him the art of trade.

The future prophet became a merchant, but questions of faith did not leave him. As a teenager, he became acquainted with the religious movements of Christianity, Judaism and other beliefs.

Among the rich people of Mecca was the twice-widowed Khadija, who, fascinated by Muhammad, despite the fact that she was 15 years older than him, invited the 25-year-old boy to marry her.

The marriage turned out to be happy, Muhammad loved and respected Khadija. Marriage brought prosperity to Muhammad - he devoted his free time to spiritual quests, to which he was drawn from a young age. Thus began the biography of the Prophet and preacher.

Prophetic mission

Muhammad turned 40 when his prophetic mission began.

The biography of the founder of the Islamic religion says that Muhammad often loved to retire from the bustle and world in the cave of Mount Hira, where he plunged into contemplation and thought.

The first sura of the Quran was revealed to the Prophet in the cave of Mount Hira on the Night of Power and Predestination or Laylat al-Qadr, in 610.

By order of Allah, one of the angels, Jebrail (Gabriel), appeared to the Prophet Muhammad and said to Him: “Read.” The word "read" means "Koran". With these words, the revelation of the Koran began - that night the angel Jebrail conveyed the first five verses (revelations) from Surah Clot.

But the mission lasted until the death of Muhammad, since the Great Quran was revealed to the Prophet over a period of 23 years.

After meeting the angel Jebrail, Muhammad began to preach and the number of his followers constantly grew. The Prophet said that Almighty Allah created man, and with him everything living and inanimate on earth, and called on his fellow tribesmen to live a righteous life, keep the commandments, and prepare for the coming divine judgment.

In Muhammad's sermons, influential residents of Mecca saw a threat to power and planned a conspiracy against him, and the Prophet's followers were subjected to bullying, violence and even torture.

Companions persuaded the Prophet to leave the dangerous region and move from Mecca to Yathrib (later called Medina). The migration took place gradually and the last to migrate was the Prophet Muhammad, who left Mecca on the day corresponding to July 16 and arrived in Medina on September 22, 622.

It is from this great event that the Muslim calendar begins its countdown. The New Year 1439 according to the Hijri - Ras al-Sana (Hijri Day), came on the first day of the holy month of Muharram - according to the Gregorian calendar, this day in 2017 fell on September 21.

The resettlement made it possible to save many believers from the oppression of the pagans, to establish a safe life, and from that moment on, the spread of Islam began not only within the Arabian Peninsula, but throughout the world.

The Prophet Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630, triumphantly entering the holy city 8 years after his exile, where the Prophet was greeted by crowds of admirers from all over Arabia.

After bloody wars, the surrounding tribes recognized the Prophet Muhammad and accepted the Koran. And soon he became the ruler of Arabia and created a powerful Arab state.

Death of the Prophet

The preacher's health was undermined by the sudden death of his son - he set off again to see the holy city and pray in the Kaaba before his death.

10 thousand pilgrims gathered in Mecca wanting to pray with the Prophet Muhammad - he rode around the Kaaba on a camel and sacrificed animals. With heavy hearts, the pilgrims listened to the words of Muhammad, realizing that they were listening to him for the last time.

Returning to Medina, he said goodbye to the people around him and asked for their forgiveness, set his slaves free, and ordered his money to be given to the poor. Prophet Muhammad died on the night of June 8, 632

The Prophet Muhammad was buried where he died, in the house of his wife Aisha. Subsequently, a beautiful mosque was erected over the ashes of the Prophet, which became one of the shrines of the Muslim world. For Muslims, bowing to the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad is the same godly act as the pilgrimage to Mecca.

How to celebrate

The birthday of the Prophet Muhammad is the third most important date for Muslims. The first two places are occupied by the holidays that the Prophet celebrated during his lifetime - Eid al-Adha and Kurban Bayram.

On the days of celebrating the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, the most pious thing can be to visit the grave of the Messenger of Allah in Medina and perform prayer in his mosque. Not everyone succeeds, but everyone should recite prayers dedicated to Muhammad, both in the mosque and at home.

On the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, Islamic countries traditionally hold mawlids - solemn events where Muslims praise the Prophet, talk about his life, his family and everything connected with him.

In some Muslim countries, the holiday is celebrated quite magnificently - posters with verses from the Holy Quran are hung in cities, people gather in mosques and sing religious chants (nasheeds).

There is disagreement among Islamic theologians regarding the permissibility of a holiday in honor of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad. For example, Salafis consider Mawlid al-Nabi to be an innovation and note that the Prophet called “every innovation” an error, without making a distinction between “good” and “bad” innovations.

The material was prepared based on open sources

Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) around 570 AD. e., in the Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe. Muhamed's father, Abdallah, died before the birth of his Son, and Muhamed's mother, Amina, died when He was only six years old, leaving the Son an orphan. Muhammad was raised first by His grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, a man of exceptional piety, and then by His uncle, the merchant Abu Talib.

At that time, the Arabs were inveterate pagans, among whom, however, a few adherents of Monotheism stood out, such as, for example, Abd al-Muttalib. Most Arabs lived a nomadic life in their ancestral territories. There were few cities. The main ones among them are Mecca, Yathrib and Taif.

From his youth, the Prophet was distinguished by exceptional piety and piety, believing, like His grandfather, in One God. First He tended the flocks, and then He began to participate in the trading affairs of His uncle Abu Talib. He became famous, people loved Him and, as a sign of respect for his piety, honesty, justice and prudence, they bestowed the honorary nickname al-Amin (Trustworthy).

Later, He conducted the trading affairs of a wealthy widow named Khadija, who, some time later, proposed to Muhammad to marry her. Despite the age difference, they lived a happy married life with six children. And although in those days polygamy among Arabs was common. The Prophet did not take other wives while Khadija was alive.

This newfound position freed up much more time for prayer and reflection. As was his custom, Muhammad retired to the mountains surrounding Mecca and secluded himself there for a long time. Sometimes His seclusion lasted several days. He especially fell in love with the cave of Mount Hira (Jabal Nyr - Mountains of Light), majestically rising above Mecca. On one of these visits, which occurred in the year 610, something happened to Muhammad, who was about forty years old at that time, that completely changed His entire life.

In a sudden vision, the angel Gabriel (Gabriel) appeared before Him and, pointing to the words that appeared from outside, ordered Him to pronounce them. Muhammad objected, declaring that he was illiterate and therefore would not be able to read them, but the angel continued to insist, and the meaning of these words was suddenly revealed to the Prophet. He was ordered to learn them and accurately pass them on to the rest of the people. This is how the first revelation of the sayings of the Book, now known as the Koran (from Arabic “reading”), was marked.

This eventful night fell on the 27th of the month of Ramadan, and was called Laylat al-Qadr. From now on, the life of the Prophet no longer belonged to him, but was given to the care of the One who called him to the prophetic mission, and he spent the rest of his days in the service of God, proclaiming His messages everywhere.

When receiving revelations, the Prophet did not always see the angel Gabriel, and when he did, the angel did not always appear in the same guise. Sometimes the angel appeared before Him in human form, eclipsing the horizon, and sometimes the Prophet only managed to catch his gaze on Himself. At times He heard only a voice speaking to Him. Sometimes He received revelations while deeply immersed in prayer, but at other times they appeared completely “at random”, when Muhammad, for example, was busy worrying about the affairs of everyday life, or went for a walk, or simply enthusiastically listened to a meaningful conversation.

At first, the Prophet avoided public sermons, preferring personal conversations with interested people and with those who noticed extraordinary changes in Him. A special path of Muslim prayer was revealed to him, and He immediately began daily pious exercises, which invariably caused a wave of criticism from those who saw him. Having received the highest order to begin a public sermon, Muhammad was ridiculed and cursed by the people, who thoroughly mocked His statements and actions. Meanwhile, many Quraysh became seriously alarmed, realizing that Muhammad's insistence on establishing faith in the One True God could not only undermine the prestige of polytheism, but also lead to the complete decline of idolatry if people suddenly began to convert to the faith of the Prophet. Some relatives of Muhammad turned into His main opponents: humiliating and ridiculing the Prophet himself, they did not forget to do evil against converts. There are many examples of mockery and abuse of those who accepted a new faith. Two large groups of early Muslims, seeking refuge, moved to Abyssinia, where the Christian negus (king), very impressed by their teachings and way of life, agreed to provide them with protection. The Quraysh decided to ban all trade, business, military and personal connections with the Hashim clan. Representatives of this clan were strictly forbidden to appear in Mecca. Very difficult times came, and many Muslims were doomed to severe poverty.

In 619, the Prophet's wife Khadija died. She was His most devoted supporter and helper. In the same year, Muhammad’s uncle, Abu Talib, who defended Him from the most violent attacks from his fellow tribesmen, also died. Stricken with grief, the Prophet left Mecca and went to Taif, where he tried to find refuge, but was rejected there too.

The Prophet's friends betrothed a pious widow named Sauda as his wife, who turned out to be a very worthy woman, and also a Muslim. Aisha, the young daughter of his friend Abu Bakr, knew and loved the Prophet all her life. And although she was too young for marriage, however, according to the customs of that time, she nevertheless entered the Muhamed family as a sister-in-law. It is necessary, however, to dispel the misconception that exists among people who completely do not understand the reasons for Muslim polygamy. In those days, a Muslim who took several women as wives did so out of compassion, graciously providing them with his protection and shelter. Muslim men were encouraged to help the wives of their friends killed in battle, to provide them with separate houses and treat them as if they were their closest relatives (of course, everything could be different in the case of mutual love).

In 619, Muhammad had the opportunity to experience the second most important night of his life - the Night of Ascension (Laylat al-Miraj). It is known that the Prophet was awakened and carried on a magical animal to Jerusalem. Over the location of the ancient Jewish Temple on Mount Zion, the heavens opened and a path opened that led Muhammad to the throne of God, but neither he nor the angel Gabriel accompanying him was allowed to enter the beyond. That night the rules of Muslim prayer were revealed to the Prophet. They became the focus of faith and the unshakable basis of Muslim life. Muhammad also met and talked with other prophets, including Jesus (Isa), Moses (Musa) and Abraham (Ibrahim). This miraculous event greatly consoled and strengthened the Prophet, adding confidence that Allah did not abandon Him and did not leave Him alone with his sorrows.

From now on, the fate of the Prophet changed in the most decisive way. He was still persecuted and ridiculed in Mecca, but the Prophet's message had already been heard by people far beyond the city's borders. Some of the elders of Yathrib persuaded Him to leave Mecca and move to their city, where He would be received with honor as a leader and judge. Arabs and Jews lived together in this city, constantly at war with each other. They hoped that Muhammad would bring them peace. The Prophet immediately advised many of His Muslim followers to migrate to Yathrib while He remained in Mecca, so as not to arouse unnecessary suspicion. After the death of Abu Talib, the emboldened Quraish could calmly attack Muhammad, even kill him, and he understood perfectly well that this would sooner or later happen.

The Prophet's departure was accompanied by some dramatic events. Muhammad himself miraculously escaped captivity thanks to his exceptional knowledge of the local deserts. Several times the Quraysh almost captured Him, but the Prophet still managed to reach the outskirts of Yathrib. The city was eagerly awaiting him, and when Muhammad arrived in Yasrib, people rushed to meet him with offers of shelter. Confused by their hospitality, Muhammad gave the choice to his camel. The camel stopped at a place where dates were drying, and it was instantly presented to the Prophet for building a house. The city received a new name - Madinat an-Nabi (City of the Prophet), now abbreviated as Medina.

The Prophet immediately began preparing a decree according to which He was proclaimed the supreme head of all the warring tribes and clans of Medina, who were henceforth forced to obey His orders. It established that all citizens were free to practice their religion in peaceful coexistence without fear of persecution or disgrace. He asked them only for one thing - to unite and repel any enemy who dared to attack the city. The former tribal laws of the Arabs and Jews were replaced by the basic principle of "justice for all", regardless of social status, color and religion.

Becoming the ruler of a city-state and gaining untold wealth and influence. The prophet, however, never lived like a king. His dwelling consisted of simple mud houses built for His wives; He never even had his own room. Not far from the houses there was a courtyard with a well - a place that from now on became a mosque where devout Muslims gather.

Almost the entire life of the Prophet Muhammad was spent in constant prayer and in the instruction of believers. In addition to the five obligatory prayers that He conducted in the mosque, the Prophet devoted a lot of time to solitary prayer, and sometimes devoted most of the night to pious reflections. His wives performed night prayer with Him, after which they retired to their chambers, and He continued to pray for many hours, falling asleep briefly towards the end of the night, only to wake up soon for the pre-dawn prayer.

In March 628, the Prophet, who dreamed of returning to Mecca, decided to make His dream come true. He set out with 1,400 followers, completely unarmed, wearing pilgrim attire consisting of two simple white veils. However, the followers of the Prophet were denied entry into the city, despite the fact that many citizens of Mecca practiced Islam. To avoid clashes, the pilgrims made their sacrifices near Mecca, in an area called Hudaibiya.

In 629, the Prophet Muhammad began plans for the peaceful capture of Mecca. The truce concluded in the town of Hudaibiya turned out to be short-lived, and in November 629 the Meccans attacked one of the tribes that was in a friendly alliance with the Muslims. The Prophet marched on Mecca at the head of 10,000 men, the largest army to ever leave Medina. They settled near Mecca, after which the city surrendered without a fight. The Prophet Muhammad entered the city in triumph, immediately went to the Kaaba and performed a ritual circuit around it seven times. Then He entered the shrine and destroyed all the idols.

It was not until March 632 that the Prophet Muhammad made His only full-fledged pilgrimage to the shrine of the Kaaba, known as Hajat al-Wida (The Last Pilgrimage). During this pilgrimage, revelations were sent to Him about the rules of Hajj, which all Muslims follow to this day. When the Prophet reached Mount Arafat to “stand before Allah,” He proclaimed His last sermon. Even then, Muhamed was seriously ill. He continued to lead prayers in the mosque as best he could. There was no improvement in the disease, and He fell ill completely. He was 63 years old. It is known that His last words were: “I am destined for a stay in Paradise among the most worthy.” His followers found it difficult to believe that the Prophet could die like a common man, but Abu Bakr reminded them of the words of revelation spoken after the Battle of Mount Uhud:
“Muhamed is only a messenger. There are no longer any messengers who once existed before him;
If he also dies or is killed, will you really turn back?" (Quran, 3:138).

Are you Muslim?

Yes, Muslim, praise be to Allah Almighty.

What does the term “Muslim” mean?

Know that Allah is One. Follow the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

Who is your Lord?

Allahu Ta'ala.

Who is your creator?

Allahu Ta'ala.

Whose slave are you?

I am a slave of Allahu Ta'ala.

How do you answer the question: how many Gods?

I will answer that Allah is One!

How can you confirm this?

The first verse of Surah “Ikhlas” (112th Surah of the Holy Quran).

What does this verse say?

It says: “Say: He is Allah alone.”

What is proof of the existence of Allah for you?

The existence of the universe and universal harmony.

Is it possible to speculate about the personality of Allah?

No! Because people cannot comprehend His personality with their minds. We can only talk about the qualities inherent in Allah Almighty.

What does the faith "Eis" mean?

This is similar to the faith of the famous Pharaoh, who believed just before his death.

Is this belief valid?

What does "tauba and eis" mean?

This is the repentance of a believer before death. Not only having faith, but also living by faith.

Is this really repentance?

Yes indeed.

What is your religion?

Religion Islam.

What's your book?

Holy Quran.

What is your Qibla?

Kaaba, the Honored One.

What kind are you?

I am from the line of Adam, peace be upon him.

Which community do you belong to?

The community of the Messenger of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

Where was Prophet Muhammad born and where was he buried?

Born in Mecca. After 50 years, he made Hijra (migration) to Yathrib (now Medina). Buried in the Holy Medina. The burial place is called "Rauda-i Mutahhara".

How many names does Prophet Muhammad have?

He has many wonderful names, but we should know four of them: Muhammad, Mustafa, Ahmad, Mahmud.

What is its most common name?

Muhammad Mustafa.

What was his father's name?

Abdullah.

What was his mother's name?

And his wet nurse?

What about grandma?

Shifa Khatun.

What was his grandfather's name?

Abdulmuttalib.

At what age did the Prophet of Allah learn about his destiny?

He learned about his prophetic mission at the age of 40.

How many years did he carry out his prophetic mission?

He prophesied for 23 years.

How many years did he live?

His earthly life ended when he was 63 years old.

How many daughters did he have?

Four: Zainab, Ruqiyya, Ummi Kulthum and Fatima, may Allah be pleased with them.

How many sons were born?

Three: Qasim, Abdullah (another name is Tayyib) and Ibrahim, may Allah be pleased with them.

Can you list the names of the wives of the Prophet?

Yes, insha-al-Lahu. First of all, our holy mother Khatijah, may Allah be pleased with her. The Prophet of Allah lived with her for 25 years. She was 15 years older than the Prophet of Allah. Next come: Sauda, Aisha, Hafsa, Zainab, Khuzaima, Ummu Salama, Zainab binti Jahsh, Juwayriyya, Ummu Habiba, Safiyya, Maimunah, Maria, may Allah subhana wa taala be pleased with them all.

Can you explain some reasons why the Prophet of Allah got married after 53 years of his life?

Yes. This is explained by the fact that the Prophet of Allah, taking as wives women from different tribes and clans, thereby invited these communities to Islam. The second goal of the Prophet was to spread the knowledge of Islam that women needed. In some cases, this was done to save them from poverty, to protect their honor. The main goal, of course, was the spread of Islam.

Which was the last wife of the Prophet to die?

Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her.

Who is the greatest man of all time?

Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

How many grandchildren does the Prophet have?

Two. Hassan and Husayin, may Allah be pleased with them.

Whose children are they?

They are the children of Ali bin Abu Talib and the daughter of the Prophet, Fatima, may Allah be pleased with them.

Who is called the Prophet?

A person chosen by Allah Almighty in order to convey His Precepts to people through him.

Do you know the number of Prophets?

According to various legends, their approximate count ranges from 124 thousand to 224 thousand. Only Allah subhana wa taala knows for sure.

The names of which prophets are mentioned in the Quran?

Only 28 of them are mentioned in the Noble Quran: 1) Adam, 2) Idris (Enoch), 3) Nuh (Noah), 4) Hud, 5) Salih, 6) Ibrahim (Abraham), 7) Lut (Lot), 8 ) Ismail, 9) Ishaq (Isaac), 10) Yaqub (Jacob), 11) Yusuf (Joseph), 12) Ayyub (Job), 13) Shuaib, 14) Musa (Moses), 15) Harun (Aaron), 16 ) Daud (David), 17) Sulayman (Solomon), 18) Yunus (Jonah), 19) Ilyas (Elijah), 20) Al-Yasa, 21) Zulkifl, 22) Zakariyya (Zechariah), 23) Yahya (John) , 24) Isa (Jesus), 25) Uzair, 26) Luqman, 27) Zulqarnain, 28) Muhammad Mustafa Habibullah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all.
Some scholars are of the opinion that Uzair, Luqman and Zulqarnain are not Prophets, but righteous people.

What are the years of birth and death of the Prophet of Allah?

He was born on the 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, 571, and also died on the 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, 632 (Gregorian calendar).

In what year did the Prophet migrate from Mecca to Medina?

Hijra - He migrated to Medina (the old name was Yathrib) in the year 622 (according to the Gregorian calendar). This year is the first year according to the Muslim calendar.

What is an Angel?

Sinless beings created by Allah from light. They have the ability to take on any image and are constantly in worship of Allah subhana wa taala.

Name the 4 main angels?

Jabrail, Mikail, Israfil and Azrael, peace be upon them all.

Name the four major scriptures and to which prophets they were revealed.

1) Taurat (Torah, Pentateuch) was revealed to the Prophet Musa (Moses), peace be upon him. 2) Zabur (Psalter) - to the Prophet Daud (David), peace be upon him. 3) Injil (Gospel) - Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be upon him. 4) Noble Quran - to the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

What is Suhuf, how many are there and to whom were they sent down?

Before the revelation of the 4 main Holy Books, Allah Almighty sent down the Holy Scriptures of small volume in the form of scrolls - Suhuf. 100 such pages were sent down. Including: 10 Suhuf - to Adam, peace be upon him; 50 Suhuf - Shitu, peace be upon him; 30 Suhuf - Idris, peace be upon him; 10 Suhuf - Ibrahim, peace be upon him.

What types of madhhabs are there?

There are two types of them: 1) Madhhabs on theology, clarifying the fundamentals of religious doctrine.
2) Madhhabs on religious and legal issues.

How many theological madhhabs are there and who are their Imams?

There are two madhhabs on theological issues. Their imams are: Imam Abu Mansur Muhammad Maturidi and Imam Abul Hasan-ul-Ashaari, may Allah have mercy on them.

Name the madhhabs of Islamic law.

There are four of these madhhabs. And they are named after their founders: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali.

Which community do you belong to?

I belong to the Ahl-as-Sunnah wa-l Jamaa community, which translated means: People of Sunnah and Harmony, or in short - Sunnis.

Which madhhab of Islamic law do you adhere to?

I follow the madhhab (school) of Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, may Allah subhana wa taala have mercy on him.

Can you name the original 32 fards?

Yes I can.

Conditions of faith - 6. Including:
1) - Faith in Allah.
2) - Faith in His Angels.
3) - Faith in His Books.
4) - Faith in His Messengers.
5) - Belief in Judgment Day and Resurrection.
6) - Belief in Predestination;

Conditions (fard) of small ablution (wudu; abdest) - 4:
1) - Washing your face.
2) — Washing hands up to the elbows inclusive.
3) - Wiping a fourth part of the head with wet hands.
4) — Washing feet up to the ankles inclusive.

Conditions of Islam - 5:
1) — Pronouncing the Testimony (Shahadah).
2) - Reading the daily fivefold prayer (namaz).
3) — Payment of Zakaat (tax for the benefit of the poor).
4) - Fasting in the month of Ramadan.
5) - Performing Hajj.

Conditions for complete ablution (ghusl) - 3:
1) - Rinse the mouth.
2) - Clean your nose.
3) - Wash your entire body.

Conditions for wiping with sand - 2:
1) — Accept the appropriate intention.
2) - Strike twice with both hands on clean sand or earth, or on any object consisting of them. After the first time, rub between your fingers and stroke your face with your palms. After the second hit on the sand, we wipe both hands alternately up to the elbows, first the right hand and then the left.

Conditions of prayer - 12:
1) - Ablution.
2) - External cleansing.
3) - Covering the body.
4) - Appeal to the Qibla.
5) - Time.
6) - Intention.
7) - Opening takbir.
8) - Standing.
9) - Reading the Koran.
10) - Bow from the waist.
11) - Bow to the ground.
12) - Sitting position at the end of the prayer.

How many rakats are these prayers read?

Morning prayer consists of 4 rakats: First, 2 rakats of sunnah are read, and then 2 rakats of fard.
The midday prayer is read in 10 rak'ahs. First there are 4 rakats of sunnah, then 4 rakats of fard and another 2 rakats of sunnah.
The afternoon prayer consists of 8 rak'ahs. 4 sunnahs and 4 fards.
Evening prayer - 5 rak'ahs. First, 3 rakats of fard are read, then 2 rakats of sunnah.
And the final prayer is the night prayer, which consists of 13 rakats. It starts with 4 rakats of sunnah, then 4 rakats of fard, then another 2 rakats of sunnah, and ends with 3 rakats of Witr prayer.
In total, adherents of the Sunnah read 40 rak'ahs per day. Including 20 rakats according to the sunnah; 17 rakats of fard and 3 rakats of Witr.

What needs to be done if, while reading the prayer, you forgot to read a short surah or 3 verses after Fatih?

After finishing the prayer, having given a greeting in one or both directions, it is necessary to make an additional 2 prostrations (sujud) without getting up. After this, we again read “at-Tahiyyat... Sally... Barik...” dua and greetings to the right and left.

In what other cases are 2 additional prostrations performed?

In case of error. For example, when in the Witr prayer in the 3rd rak'ah the recitation of Takbir is forgotten, or the recitation of the Qunut prayer is forgotten. Or when in the 4-rak'ah prayer at the first sitting after "at-Tahiyat" instead of getting up for the 3rd rak'ah, one reads "Sally

", "Barik" .

Name the most revered nights in Islam.

Laylat ul - Bara'a - Night of revelation. 15th night of the month of Sha'ban. In those time immemorial, when Allah Almighty had not yet created anything, but only predetermined and accepted the intention, on the night of Bara” He announced to the angels what exactly he intended to create during the coming year.
- Laylat ul-Qadr - Night of Power; Night of Destiny: One of the nights of the Holy month of Ramadan. The revelation of the Holy Quran begins.
- Laylat ur-Raga'ib - Night of Raga'ib - The first Friday night in the month of Rajab, when Saint Amina became pregnant with the future Prophet.
- Laylat ul-Mawlud - The night between the 11th and 12th days of the month Rabi'ul-Awwal. On this night, the Messenger Muhammad Mustafa, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was born - the greatest of the Prophets, chosen by Allah Almighty to show the True Path to all the people of the World.
- Laylat ul-Isra wal-Miraj - Night of Ascension and Journey - 27th night of the month of Rajab. On this Blessed Night, Allah Almighty ascended his Prophet to the unknown heavens.

What else is important to know?

Ten Important Commandments

1. Rise to prayer when you hear the call, under any circumstances.
2. Read or study or listen to the Qur'an or say the name of Allah and do not waste even a small part of your time without benefit.
3. Try to learn Arabic.
4. Do not argue a lot in any matter, no matter what it is; truly, arguing does not lead to good.
5. Don’t laugh a lot; a heart connected with Allah is calm and serious.
6. Don’t make a lot of noise, the fighting ummah (Muslim society) knows nothing but seriousness.
7. Do not raise your voice more than what your listeners need - this is stupid and harmful.
8. Avoid speaking ill of people, insulting individuals, and say nothing but kind things.
9. Get to know those of your brothers whom you date, even if you are not required to do so. The foundations of our calling are love and getting to know each other.
10. There are more responsibilities than time, so help others use their time, and if you have an important task, then try to complete it in a short time.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds!

Death of the Prophet Muhammad

In 630, the Prophet Muhammad solemnly entered his native Mecca, the holy city from where he, persecuted and helpless, fled to Medina 8 years ago. And now the merchant Mecca lay at his feet. The procession of the prophet to worship the shrines was majestic and solemn, and it was accompanied by a countless number of people who had gathered from all regions of Arabia.

Surrounded by tens of thousands of pilgrims, Muhammad in simple clothes, with a black turban on his head, solemnly rode into Mecca on a camel, but not as a winner, but as a pilgrim. He performed all the sacred rites, visited all the holy places, fulfilled all the requirements and rituals and made sacrifices. In Mecca, Muhammad circled the Kaaba 7 times and touched the sacred Black Stone 7 times, then entered the Kaaba and, solemnly declaring “There is no God but Allah alone,” ordered the sacred temple to be cleansed of pagan idols. All the idols (360 in number) were thrown from their places and destroyed. By his strict observance of the ancient rites, Muhammad clearly showed that the faith he founded was not something completely new, but only a renewed and purified Arab worship of God. This is the same religion of the forefather Abraham, the ancestor of the Arab peoples, the builder of the Kaaba and the founder of the pilgrimage to Mecca.

If the conquest of Mecca happened almost without bloodshed, then the war with the surrounding tribes, who stubbornly did not recognize the divine messenger of Muhammad, required many human sacrifices. However, over time, one after another, other Arabian tribes surrendered, and soon Muhammad became the ruler of almost all of Arabia. Under his powerful hand, a powerful Arab state was created, and Islam spread like a river throughout the world.

Having installed new military leaders in Mecca, Muhammad moved back to Medina, visiting the grave of his mother Amina along the way. However, the joy at seeing the complete triumph of Islam was darkened for Muhammad by the death of a person dear to him - his only son Ibrahim, who was supposed to continue his father's endeavors. The untimely death of Ibrahim had a strong effect on Muhammad, who, wanting to see the holy city once again and pray at the Kaaba before his death, began to get ready for the journey again.

As soon as word spread about Muhammad's intention to go on pilgrimage, many people came from all over Arabia to accompany their teacher and pray with him. About 10,000 people gathered, and a human chain of pilgrims stretched for several kilometers.

The inhabitants of Mecca met the prophet outside the city. Muhammad could no longer walk and rode around the Kaaba, sitting on a camel. He sacrificed the brought animals, performed other rituals, and then called on the people to firmly adhere to Islam and spread it throughout the world. People listened to the words of the prophet with reverence, but went home with a heavy feeling. It was clear to everyone that they would see the teacher and the Messenger of Allah for the last time.

Returning to Medina, Muhammad seemed to feel some relief. And although he sometimes suffered from excruciating pain, he retained a clear memory until the last minute, said goodbye to the people around him and asked for their forgiveness, set his slaves free, and ordered his money to be given to the poor.

On June 7, the fever intensified, and on the night of June 8, 632, Muhammad died. Horror took possession of the entire city, people abandoned all their business, and even the army that set out on a campaign in Syria stopped. Everyone rushed to the prophet’s house, and no one wanted to believe in his death, even when people were told that Muhammad’s body was already being anointed with fragrant oils in preparation for burial. No one knew how to bury the prophet. The wives were not allowed to dress his body, which was washed by male relatives, and they washed it without taking off the clothes in which Muhammad died. After this, his body was wrapped in two snow-white blankets, and the top (third) blanket was made of striped Yemeni fabric. After this, the body of Muhammad was laid on the bed on which death overtook him, 72 prayers were read over the deceased and the body was exposed to the people. It remained unburied for three days so that doubters could be convinced of its death. On the fourth day, Muhammad was buried where he died. A grave with a niche was dug in the house of his wife Aisha - under the very bed, which was pushed to the side. Then the grave was filled up and the floor in the room was leveled. Subsequently, a beautiful mosque was erected over the ashes of the prophet, and the grave was raised from the ground to a height of 20 centimeters. This mosque has become one of the shrines of the Muslim world, and for Muslims to venerate the tomb of the prophet is as godly a deed as a pilgrimage to Mecca.

A trip to Medina is usually made together with a pilgrimage to Mecca: either before visiting it - to walk in the paths of the prophet, or after - to fulfill his covenant. It is believed that Muhammad commanded every pilgrim who visited Mecca to come to his grave. Those who shy away from this will turn out to be ungrateful. The wish of the prophet is not a mandatory religious ritual, but most pilgrims travel the 300 kilometers separating Mecca and Medina.

The mosque in Medina is smaller in size than the mosque in Mecca, but is distinguished by its amazing beauty. Its pinkish granite is decorated with gold and chased patterns, tiles and mosaics. In the very center of the mosque there is a fenced area (where the Prophet Muhammad lived and taught), an adobe hut (where he slept and ate) and the grave in which he was buried.