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Modernization of housing and communal services: from words to deeds. Modernization of housing and communal services: energy services, concession agreements, leasing. Pros and cons Modernization and reform of housing and communal services

Currently underway modernization of housing and communal services in the long term, it will reduce state budget expenses for maintaining utility infrastructure, which will lead to savings of billions of rubles. In this regard, in difficult times of crisis, the task of updating the housing and communal services becomes not just a fashionable trend, but a priority in the domestic policy of the Russian Federation. To carry out the modernization of housing and communal services, a special federal Fund for supporting the reform of housing and communal services was even created (Federal Law No. 185 of July 21, 2007). These funds are directed to particularly problematic regions.

How does modernization of housing and communal services save public money?

Saving public money occurs at the stage of setting tariffs for utility services, the concept of which includes providing the population with energy resources and water. The state subsidizes the utilities and pays part of the tariffs to the utilities. The share of budget payments depends on the specific region, but in any case it amounts to impressive figures.

Timely modernization of housing and communal services will eliminate losses of electrical and thermal energy, and, therefore, government spending will be significantly reduced. And that same saving of public money will arise. According to calculations by analysts from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, this amount could reach up to 20 billion rubles per year.

Directions for modernization of housing and communal services

The main directions of reforming the housing and communal services are updating engineering communications and optimizing the final consumption of energy resources. The first component requires the largest financial investments, but ensures the largest reduction in government spending.

Carrying out work to replace utility networks involves updating thousands of kilometers of cold and hot water supply pipelines. An important aspect is to update the power equipment of local generating facilities. Obviously, this is associated with high costs, but the state goes for it, although recently it has become more and more difficult to allocate the necessary amounts from the treasury.

Private investment in modernization of housing and communal services

The situation with insufficient funding can be improved by private investment in the modernization of our country's housing and communal services. Individuals, mutual funds and credit institutions, including large banks, for example, VTB24 and a number of others, are looking at this opportunity to receive dividends. The volume of this market is estimated at approximately 100-120 billion rubles, which promises good profits.

Various economic discussions reveal interest on the part of private business to participate in reforming the domestic utility infrastructure. In particular, at this year’s St. Petersburg Forum, two major panel discussions were held, at which representatives of financial companies spoke in favor of the participation of non-state companies in the housing and communal services reform. Raising this money will ease the burden on the treasury and again result in savings in public finances.

The only thing that stops investors from investing money is the lack of a mechanism to control the expenditure of funds. Since the work contractors are usually private firms, or even individual entrepreneurs, there is a risk of misuse of money and even basic theft of budgets. Until truly effective ways to account for appropriations are proposed, there is no need to talk about active investments in the modernization of housing and communal services.

Optimization of final consumption

The second component does not require significant budgets and can be partially transferred to the shoulders of consumers themselves. This includes installation of all kinds of meters, replacement of incandescent lamps with energy-saving lighting devices, and so on. However, this direction of modernization of housing and communal services is already being implemented at the expense of citizens, so there is no burden on the state here as such. Although if we consider government institutions as consumers, then government money will still have to be allocated, but these are pittance sums compared to the billions of dollars in injections into updating utility networks and resource equipment.

In perspective

According to the strategy for the development of the housing and communal services complex of Russia until 2020, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation, the modernization of housing and communal services consists not only in the reconstruction of existing infrastructure, but also in the formation of new approaches to creating a new one. In this regard, the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation is gradually making changes to the regulatory and technical documentation, on the basis of which new buildings are designed - both individual buildings and areas for development. Because of this, newly constructed facilities will be cheap to operate, which will result in savings in funds allocated by the state.

Modernization of technological equipment is the best solution for increasing the productivity of industrial equipment and reducing costs, if it is necessary to purchase new ones.

Any equipment becomes obsolete over time. In order for an industrial enterprise to maintain its competitiveness, it is necessary to periodically upgrade its equipment, which is successfully accomplished by the specialists of the Sintez TMK Company.

Having analyzed a specific situation, we propose a number of measures aimed at increasing equipment productivity and reducing costs without the need to purchase new equipment.

The result of modernization is an increase in productivity, a reduction in overhead and production costs, and an increase in the quality of manufactured products. Investments in modernization pay off in the shortest possible time when the full cycle of work is completed at a high professional level.

A range of modernization works is being carried out for old equipment. Modernization of CNC machines may include equipping the equipment being modernized with the latest CNC systems, drives, spindle units, and hydraulics.

The costs of such modernization are up to 50% of the cost of a new machine, while providing the same functionality and technological capabilities.

At the same time, the modernized equipment meets the technology requirements for the next 10–12 years.

The main directions of modernization of technological equipment:

Bringing technical parameters up to modern requirements;
Creation of standard projects for modernization of machines;
Equipping machines with modern control systems;
Assessment of the condition of metal-cutting equipment;
Increasing the number of controlled coordinates;
Replacement, automation of processes, mechanical components.
It is possible to bring the equipment parameters up to modern, more stringent requirements, and expand its technological capabilities.
Existing machines can be modernized; new CNC control systems, hydraulic systems, and spindle units are installed on them.
The operation of the equipment is automated, mechanical components are replaced.

Equipment at an industrial enterprise is quite expensive and most often has large dimensions and weight. If there is a need to improve the workshop, a complete replacement of machines will require high costs for the purchase of new equipment and the dismantling and disposal of old equipment. It is expensive and impractical to send equipment that is still quite good and functional to be melted down. But it is almost impossible to improve already complex machines on your own.

This will require knowledge of equipment design, familiarity with global trends in this industry, the ability to use various components and systems in a non-standard way, and we can help you with this.

At Sintez TMK you can order maintenance for the following categories of industrial equipment:

– Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
– Mining industry
– Oil refining industry
– Oil industry
– Heavy and light engineering
- Chemical industry
– Petrochemical industry
– Oil and gas industry

Highly qualified workers, good knowledge and the ability to apply it among the engineering staff allows the use of new developments on old equipment to improve it. Our specialists will analyze the operation of the machine, make drawings of new equipment, and suggest non-standard use of some components.

Our employees have versatile knowledge, and therefore will cope perfectly with the modernization of machines for the metallurgical, energy, chemical and many other industries. The presence of the necessary permits, combined with work experience and special knowledge, makes it possible for our specialists modernization of the mill, with the provision of guarantees.

Introduction

1. Sources of investment for modernization of housing and communal services

1.1 Financing the modernization of housing and communal services

1.2 Potential sources of financing for the reconstruction and modernization of housing stock

2 Investing in housing and communal services using the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2.1 The sphere of housing and communal services in the Republic of Belarus and its financing

2.2 A set of measures to attract private investment in the housing and communal services of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

The transition to the housing market fundamentally changes the role of the state in the economy. The formation of economic relations based on the laws of the market is inevitably associated with radical transformations not only in the field of exchange, production and consumption, but also in the housing sector.

The issue of profitability of housing and communal services is being discussed at the highest levels of government. The work is devoted to the problem of reforms in the field of housing and communal services.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia gives the following definition of public utilities.

Utilities are a set of enterprises, services and farms serving the population of cities, towns and villages; in cities it is part of the urban economy.

In many cities and towns, public utility companies also serve industrial enterprises, supplying them with water, electricity, and gas.

However, depending on local conditions, industrial enterprises also have their own water supply, sewerage, and other public utility facilities.

The degree of development and volume of public utilities activities directly affect the level of well-being of the population, their living conditions, sanitary and hygienic conditions and the cleanliness of water and air basins, as well as the level of labor productivity.

Utilities include:

1. Sanitary and technical enterprises - water supply systems, sewerage systems, enterprises for cleaning the territories of populated areas and sanitary cleaning of households, laundries, baths, bathing and swimming facilities.

2. Transport enterprises - urban public passenger transport (metro, tram, trolleybus, funiculars, cable cars, buses, taxis), local water transport.

3. Energy enterprises - electric, gas and district heating distribution networks, heating boiler houses, thermal power plants and power plants, gas plants serving populated areas.

The external improvement structures of populated areas that are part of the public utilities include roads and sidewalks, bridges and overpasses, underground and surface transport, pedestrian crossings and overpasses, storm (drainage) sewer structures and networks, embankments, various hydraulic structures designed to prevent landslides and flooding of territories, their drainage, bank protection, public green spaces, street lighting, etc. Many years of experience in the construction and operation of housing under state ownership have clearly shown that the state, for a number of reasons, is not capable of carrying out these tasks. The main reason that was constantly in effect was the lack of material and financial resources for the construction and operation of housing. In addition, the maintenance of public housing stock was unprofitable, since the rent received by tenants was “the lowest in the world” and covered only a small part of the costs for these purposes. In fact, the maintenance of the state housing stock was carried out at the expense of huge subsidies allocated by the state and which placed a heavy burden on the budget.

The purpose of the course work is to consider the main and additional sources of investment in the modernization of housing and communal services. The object of study is the housing and communal services sector.

Tasks in performing the work: studying the investment opportunities of the housing and communal services sector, considering the sources of investment for the modernization of housing and communal services using the example of the region of the Republic of Belarus.

1. Sources of investment for modernization of housing and communal services

1.1 Financing the modernization of housing and communal services

The strategy for improving the energy efficiency of municipal infrastructure is usually based on modernization and new construction programs.

At the same time, these programs are often the object of cost optimization when sequestering municipal budgets. Thus, the vital public utilities sector suffers first of all due to capital intensity and duration of investment.

In conditions of limited funds - both budgetary and own funds of public utility organizations (PCC) - for the implementation of development programs, it is advisable to apply an integrated approach to their financing, taking into account possible restrictions on the sources and volumes of financing, as well as to use various tools when setting tariffs.

The utility industry, from the point of view of assessing investment attractiveness, has the following specific features:

· activities practically protected from competition and naturally monopolistic in nature;

· government regulation and limitation by marginal price indices for services, tied to inflation;

· daily consumption of services by a wide client base (population, enterprises, public sector), ensuring predictable cash flows and guaranteed sales of services;

· a projected reduction in resource consumption due to savings by consumers and mandatory instrument metering from 2012, which does not allow us to count on additional revenue due to the expansion of infrastructure;

· significant cost, long service life and return on assets;

· often long construction times for new facilities;

· attracting investments mainly for the modernization of existing facilities and networks, only a small part of the funds is allocated for new construction;

· relatively small investment needs for reconstruction projects, which do not allow obtaining financing at an acceptable rate for a long period of time from large financial institutions;

· a large number of current financial obligations of companies;

· lack of liquid collateral.

The choice of sources of financing for UCC development plans is determined by a number of conditions, including:

· the feasible option for reforming and managing the utility sector of the region (municipal entity), the type of ownership of the operator and owner of facilities and networks;

· the program for the integrated development of municipal infrastructure systems (CIS) of the municipality, developed in accordance with it, the Development Strategy of the UCC, taking into account the current financial and technical condition of the UCC;

· UCC production and investment program, the measures provided for in it for the modernization (new construction) of facilities and networks, including an action plan or program in the field of energy saving and increasing energy efficiency.

Sources of financing for UCC production and investment programs may be:

1. Own funds:

o operating cash flow (consumer payments for tariffs);

o depreciation component of the tariff for consumers;

o profit.

2. Budget funds:

o funds from regional/municipal budgets to finance individual activities within the framework of targeted programs or regional funds (for example, energy saving);

o providing guarantees and subsidizing interest on loans from regional/municipal budgets;

o Investment Fund of the Russian Federation - for complex projects, the amount of financing of which is more than 500 million rubles.

3. Extra-budgetary funds raised:

o loans from Russian and international banks;

o loans and participation in the capital of international funds and development banks - for large projects more than 200 million rubles;

o energy service contracts for energy saving projects;

o funds and grants from international organizations, extra-budgetary energy-saving and environmental funds for individual objects (free of charge);

o leasing financing schemes involving leasing companies;

o other sources: bond issue, placement of shares (additional issue) - possible for a volume of funds of more than 500 million rubles, as well as bills of exchange, trade loans for energy-saving equipment, direct investments of financial investors (direct investment funds), export lending.

1.2 Potential sources of financing for reconstruction and modernization of housing stock

Reconstruction and modernization of residential buildings of the first mass series of industrial housing construction, which played a significant role in solving the housing problem, are one of the most important areas of reforming the housing and communal services complex.

A delay in their implementation will lead to an increase in the share of dilapidated and dilapidated residential buildings in the housing stock of the Russian Federation, which will become the main factor in increasing operating costs for its maintenance and increasing total budget payments: firstly, to cover the costs of housing and communal services, not fully paid by consumers, and secondly, to pay subsidies to citizens with low incomes. With the transition to a targeted subsidy system, there will be a redistribution, or rather a consolidation of financial flows of budget assistance. However, in our opinion, the total burden on the budget will decrease slightly. Consequently, the solution to the problem lies in completely reducing the cost of maintaining residential buildings and optimizing the population’s consumption of life-support resources, which is only possible with a comprehensive reconstruction of the housing stock.

Vladimir Koryagin,
Chairman of the State Committee of the Republic of Karelia for the reform of housing and communal services

The main directions of development of the housing and communal services complex of the Republic of Karelia are improvement of tariff policy, gasification of settlements in the region, modernization of boiler houses, use of local fuels, development of water supply and sanitation systems, major renovation of housing, introduction of new forms of management of apartment buildings.

Transformations in the housing and communal services of the Republic of Karelia began with the release of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 28, 1997 No. 425 “On the reform of housing and communal services in the Russian Federation.” The main directions of the concept were identified and formed the basis of the Housing and Communal Services Reform Program of the Republic of Karelia, approved by Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 19, 1997 No. 544. Its main goals are to improve the quality of life of citizens, increase the reliability of the functioning of life support systems in settlements, the gradual transition of the industry to self-sufficiency, the introduction market mechanisms to develop a competitive environment and stimulate the creation of HOAs.

Subsequently, a number of regional target programs were adopted:

“Reform and modernization of the housing and communal services of the Republic of Karelia for 2004 2010”;
subprogram “Modernization of communal infrastructure of the Republic of Karelia for 2004-2010” of the regional program “Housing”;
“Active involvement of local fuel and energy resources in the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Karelia for 2007-2010”;
targeted programs for major repairs of apartment buildings.

The Republic actively took part in the Gasification Program for the Regions of the Russian Federation for 2007 and subsequent years.
Interim results of the development of the housing and communal services complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan were summed up at congresses of housing and communal services workers held on November 22-23, 2001 and April 21, 2006.
Activities carried out within the framework of the programs contributed to the introduction of market mechanisms, the attraction of private operators in the housing and utilities sector, and the formation of an energy accounting system.
In 2009, in the territory of the republic, 286 organizations are engaged in the provision of services in the housing and communal services sector, of which 219 are privately owned (77%). The share of privately owned enterprises in the public utilities sector is 73.8% of the total number of all organizations in the public utilities complex, and in the sphere of housing management and maintenance – 90% (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Development of market relations in the housing and communal services industry.

The number of employees has remained stable over the years and amounts to more than 15 thousand people, or 7% of the total number of employees in the republic’s economy.
The volume of services provided by industry organizations in 2009 reached 8.5 billion rubles. and exceeded the volume of 2002 by almost 3 times, which is mainly due to the increase in the cost of energy resources, transportation costs, as well as an increase in wages for industry workers. At the same time, there was no increase in volumes in physical terms. About 75% of the total volume of housing and communal services provided to consumers in the republic is provided by commercial organizations.

Positive changes
The period from the beginning of the reform to the present day for the housing and communal services sector of the republic can be characterized as a period of positive changes in the economy of the industry. The above-mentioned Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 1997 introduced a system of federal standards for payment of housing and utilities to ensure a smooth transition to 100% payment for housing and communal services using social protection for low-income segments of the population. Purposeful work to comply with federal standards for payment of housing and utilities in the Republic of Karelia made it possible in 2005 to switch to 100% payment by the population for housing and communal services and to abandon direct budget subsidies to industry enterprises. Accordingly, the actual level of cost coverage by payments from the population has increased. This made it possible to ensure the financial stability of enterprises by directing additional financial resources for settlements with creditors, and to stop the growth of non-payments in the industry (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Changes in the approved and actual level of payments by the population for housing and communal services and the ratio of accounts payable and receivable of housing and communal services enterprises.

Social protection of low-income groups of the population was carried out by providing subsidies for housing and utilities. Systematic work to ensure full financing of enterprises made it possible to painlessly switch to providing subsidies in the form of cash payments to citizens' accounts and free enterprises from unusual functions. Work on the transition to the transfer of subsidies for housing and utility bills to the social accounts of citizens in the Republic of Karelia has been carried out since 2006. By the beginning of 2008, the transition process was completed in all municipalities of the region.

Currently, more than 7% of families have exercised the right to receive subsidies in the amount of more than 200 million rubles. In addition, 1/3 of the population uses social support measures to pay for housing and utilities, which amounts to more than 1,000 million rubles. It should be noted that since January 1, 2010, social support measures throughout the republic are also provided in the form of monetary compensation and are transferred directly to citizens’ accounts, as required by current legislation. At the same time, the obligations of the budget of the Republic of Karelia to finance benefits and subsidies to the population to pay for housing and communal services are fully fulfilled. So, if in 2002 reimbursement from the budget was 66%, then in 2009 it was 100%.

Improving tariff policy
The self-sufficiency of enterprises could not be ensured without a significant improvement in tariff policy, since in 1997, with the then existing subsidy system and the lack of funds in local budgets, the costs of enterprises were covered by no more than 20%. The measures taken in this direction have now made it possible to practically ensure a balance between the costs of producing housing and communal services and accrued payments to consumers of these services. The percentage of reimbursement of organizations' costs through consumer payments at established tariffs for 2009 remained at the level of last year and amounted to about 99% compared to 84% in 2002.

As part of the reform of the industry, it was possible to resolve the issues of eliminating overdue wages for employees of housing and communal services organizations, equalizing wages by type of activity, as well as bringing them to the level of wages at large and medium-sized enterprises of the republic. Overdue debt at existing housing and communal services enterprises for payment of wages as of January 1, 2010 amounted to 6.8 million rubles, or 0.05 months, compared to 0.7 months. in 2001. At the same time, the growth of the average monthly salary fund in relation to the same period was more than 3 times (150.8 million rubles versus 44.8 million rubles). The recommended rate for a 1st category worker makes it possible to provide wages in an amount not lower than the subsistence level and to have a uniform approach to the tariff setting process both in the case of state regulation of tariffs and when setting tariffs by local governments.
During the reform period, housing and communal services enterprises moved from the category of consistently unprofitable to the category of partially profitable. The amount of losses of housing and communal services enterprises of the republic has decreased by more than 2 times since 2001 and at the end of 2009 amounted to 92.6 million rubles. The number of profitable organizations in the region reached 53% of the total number of organizations. For comparison, in 2007 this figure was 33%, in 2008 – 48%. At the same time, it has not yet been possible to achieve complete self-sufficiency, despite the measures being taken to reform the housing and communal services sector.

The strategic goal of housing and communal services reform is to improve the quality and reliability of the provision of housing and communal services to the population. Achieving this goal is possible by implementing measures for the modernization and reconstruction of housing and communal services facilities, and the development of local types of fuel.
The total volume of financing of program activities from all sources in 2004-2009 amounted to 4539.6 million rubles. (Table 1). Attracting these funds made it possible to carry out significant work on the repair and modernization of life support facilities and improve the situation with heat supply in most settlements of the republic. In general, about 300 km of dilapidated heating and water supply networks were replaced in the region, 102 heat supply sources were repaired and modernized, more than 212 new boilers were installed, which made it possible to close 35 inefficient heat sources.

Table 1. The total amount of funding for program activities from all sources in 2004-2009.

Sources of financing	Total, million rubles
Targeted investment program of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Budget of the Republic of Karelia (subsidies)
Local budgets
Funds of housing and communal services enterprises
Budget of the Russian Federation
Other extrabudgetary sources
Total:

Heat supply
Activities to modernize boiler houses are carried out in parallel with the implementation of the Regional Target Program “Active involvement of local fuel and energy resources in the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Karelia for 2007-2010”. As a result, over the period since 2005, the volume of consumption of imported fossil (non-renewable) fuels - coal and refined oil products - has significantly decreased. The share of consumption of local fuels in the consolidated balance of fuel and energy resources consumption today is 23.8%. The gradual replacement of imported energy resources with local fuels and network gas ensures increased reliability of heat supply and environmental safety of the region.
For the period 2006-2007. It was possible to reconstruct boiler houses in the villages of Vyarsilya and Salmi, and thereby completely eliminate the issues of high-quality heat supply in these settlements.

It is still difficult, but we still manage to attract external investment. Within the framework of the Cooperation Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Karelia and OJSC Malaya Energy (Moscow), two investment projects were implemented for the construction and reconstruction of boiler houses in the villages of Kaalamo and Helyulya in the Sortavala region with their conversion to biofuel. These two projects were fully implemented using extrabudgetary funds in the amount of 95 million rubles. Also, using extra-budgetary sources, peat extraction equipment for the production of local fuels was purchased for a total amount of 32.5 million rubles.
In order to coordinate the processes of production of local energy resources, reduce the region's dependence on imported fuel and form a local fuel and raw material base, the Development Strategy of the fuel industry of the Republic of Karelia based on local energy resources for 2011–2020 has been developed.

Water supply
Since 2004, co-financing from the budget of the Russian Federation has been provided for a utility infrastructure facility - Water intake structures and pressure water pipelines in the village of Loukhi. Co-financing was carried out under the subprogram “Modernization of municipal infrastructure facilities” of the Federal Target Program “Housing” in the amount of 20.9 million rubles. More than 72 million rubles were invested in the construction from all sources of financing. At the end of 2009, construction of the facility was completed and it was put into operation. The implementation of the investment project “Construction and reconstruction of the Petrozavodsk water treatment plant (stages I and II) continues.”

There are currently 17 new contact filters operating at the water treatment plant. If necessary, depending on weather conditions and the color of water in Lake Onega, all 22 new filters will be connected. On May 20, the color of the water in the lip of Lake Onega was 110 degrees. Thus, all tap water – 145 thousand m3 per day – in Petrozavodsk already goes through two stages of purification, and not one, as it was before. The first 8 new clarifiers (filters) at the VOS began working in early March, which made it possible to clarify 40% of the water raised from the lake to normal levels.
The above investment project was financed from the budget of the Russian Federation, OJSC Petrozavodsk Utility Systems, the budgets of the Republic of Karelia and the Petrozavodsk City District. In 2009, more than 300 million rubles were raised. budget funds of the Russian Federation.

In support of investment projects of regional importance, in 2009 work was carried out to use budgetary allocations from the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the agreement concluded between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation, it is planned to allocate 631.9 million rubles for the construction and reconstruction of water treatment facilities in Petrozavodsk (stage II). investment funds, including through allocations from the Fund - 237.6 million rubles. The project implementation period is 2009-2013.
As part of international cooperation between border areas and the Baltic Sea basin, the republic is working to ensure the reliability of water supply and wastewater systems and reduce the burden on the environment. A number of large international projects have been implemented with the attraction of foreign investment, such as the construction of water supply networks and water intake structures in the village of Valdai, Segezha region, and the construction of a sewage treatment plant in the city of Sortavala.

In 2009, an investment project “Integrated water treatment system for small towns of the Republic of Karelia” was prepared with an estimated investment volume of 3.7 billion rubles. The project proposes the creation of a network of treatment facilities in the most environmentally critical settlements of the Republic of Karelia, with a single information and service center, attracting large investments based on a long-term loan from the state corporation Vnesheconombank, foreign banks and funds (both reimbursable and grant, that is free of charge). This is one of the public-private partnership schemes proposed by VEB. The expected effect of the project is to reduce the load on the environment for nitrogen by 103 tons per year, for phosphorus - by 7 tons per year.

Today, important issues for the republic in the area of environmental protection are the disposal and treatment of wastewater, the elimination of direct discharges of untreated wastewater into Lake Onega and the White Sea. In this regard, the State Committee has prepared proposals for the Federal Target Program “Improving the Ecological Situation in the Baltic Sea Basin for the Period until 2020” under the section “Eutrophication” to include 9 settlements in the Republic of Karelia that require the construction of sewage treatment plants. Co-financing from the budget of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the above activities is planned in the amount of 80%.

Gas supply
As part of measures for gasification of the Republic of Karelia in the period from 2007 to 2009. work was completed on the construction of modular boiler houses in the village. Yanishpole, Berezovka village, Kondopoga district and Meliorativny village, Prionezhsky district. 400 apartments in municipal and private housing stock in these settlements have been converted to natural gas consumption.
At the expense of OJSC Gazprom, the design institute of OJSC Gazprom Promgaz completed work on the development of the General Scheme for gas supply and gasification of the Republic of Karelia for the period until 2015.
In order to further work on gasification of populated areas in the region, a list of activities until 2013 was prepared, which was approved by Order of the Government of the Republic of Karelia dated August 10, 2009 No. 290r-P.

Housing problems and their solutions
Over the years of reform, significant changes have occurred in the housing sector, as well as in the utilities sector. Since 1998, the share of private housing stock has increased from 35.9% to 66.4% by 2010 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Changes in the structure of housing ownership.

At the same time, there have been no significant changes in the level of improvement of the housing stock in Karelia in recent years, since almost no new construction has been carried out.
The impossibility of carrying out major repairs of apartment buildings in the required volumes due to a lack of funds and the low pace of construction of new housing led to an intensification of the aging process of the housing stock, moral and physical deterioration of residential buildings. According to statistics, over the course of a number of years, the deterioration of the housing stock coincides with the rate of commissioning of new housing. The depreciation of the republic's housing stock is estimated at 60%.
With the adoption in 2007 of Federal Law No. 185-FZ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services,” reform in the housing sector received further development, and the possibility of carrying out major repairs of apartment buildings sharply increased (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Carrying out major repairs of the housing stock.

In 2008, the Foundation adopted the Regional Targeted Program “Carrying out major repairs of apartment buildings located on the territory of the Republic of Karelia for 2008.” By the decision of the Fund's Board based on the results of 2009, it was recognized as completed in full. As a result of the implementation of the program, 176 apartment buildings with a total area of 235.443 thousand m2, inhabited by 10,738 people, were renovated in 6 municipalities of the republic. 209.173 million rubles were spent on these projects, including 139.147 million rubles from the Fund. (Fig. 5).

On December 31, 2009, the Resolution of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 313-P approved the Regional Targeted Program for the capital repair of apartment buildings for 2010, prepared by the State Committee.
On April 30, 2010, the Board of the Fund approved the application of the Republic of Karelia to provide financial support from the Fund for the implementation of a regional targeted program for the capital repair of apartment buildings in 2010. Currently, the funds of the Fund and the budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan amount to 218.8 million rubles. transferred to the budgets of municipalities. Using these funds, it is planned to overhaul 127 apartment buildings with a total area of 190.052 thousand m2 in 29 municipalities of the region. The implementation of the Program will improve the living conditions of 8,948 people.

Currently, the State Committee has begun to formulate an additional program for the capital repairs of apartment buildings in 2010 and is carrying out preparatory work with the municipalities of the republic.
The approximate deadline for submitting for approval to the Fund an additional application of the Republic of Karelia for 2010, for which it is planned to attract about 470.5 million rubles. Fund funds - July 1, 2010
Participation in the Program allowed us to accelerate the process of reforming the industry as a whole. Fundamentally new forms of housing stock management introduced by housing legislation are being developed. The share of apartment buildings in which the owners have chosen and implemented a management method in Karelia is 58.3%. Self-organization of the population in the management of apartment buildings has made significant progress. As a result of the work carried out at the regional and municipal levels to support the creation and functioning of homeowners' associations, their number increased by 2.3 times - from 178 in 2007 to 404 in 2009 (Fig. 6).
The largest number of homeowners' associations were created in the Petrozavodsk city district - 210 (52%), Sortavala district - 68 (16.8%), Lakhdenpokhsky district - 22 (5.5%). The work on creating homeowners' associations in Louhi (1), Kalevalsky (2), Pitkäranta (2) and Suoyarvi (2) districts is poorly carried out.
The development of competition in the housing stock management market is clearly characterized by a 1.8-fold increase in the number of management companies - from 34 in 2007 to 65 in 2009.

Modern forms of participation of public organizations in managing processes in the housing sector are developing. Non-profit associations have been created and are actively functioning: the Association of Managing and Operating Organizations in the Housing Sphere of the Republic of Karelia and the Karelian Regional Association for the Support of Homeowners' Associations, Residential Complexes and Housing Cooperatives. A public reception for the Homeowners' Association Support Association has been opened in Petrozavodsk. In March of this year, a self-regulatory organization of management companies (SRO Management Company) was created in the region.

Rice. 6. Choosing a method for managing an apartment building.

The share of supplied utility resources, invoiced according to meter readings, is constantly increasing. Currently this figure is 56% (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Share of utility resources supplied by metering devices.

In the context of this area, a regional targeted program has been developed “On the phased transition to the supply of resources (heat energy, hot and cold water, electricity, gas) to consumers in accordance with the readings of collective (common house) resource consumption meters in 2009-2011”, which approved by Decree of the Government of the Republic of Karelia dated October 12, 2009 No. 231-P.
In connection with the release of Federal Law No. 261-FZ “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and on introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation,” the State Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan for reforming housing and communal services, together with the State Committee for Energy and Tariff Regulation, began the development of programs for energy saving and energy efficiency.

Develop mechanisms for effective problem solving
In the Republic of Karelia, 2010 is the final year in the implementation of existing regional target programs and subprograms in the field of reform and modernization of housing and communal services. However, further modernization of housing and communal services is currently complicated by a number of problems. For example, the lack of urban planning and land management documentation in the municipalities of the region, developed according to a unified methodology, makes it difficult to prepare territorial planning documents, first of all, master plans for settlements and urban districts and territorial planning schemes for municipal districts, as well as land use and development rules.

In Karelia, out of 127 municipalities, 16 municipal districts, 2 urban districts, 8 urban (Sortavala, Kalevala, Kondopoga, Medvezhyegorsk, Olonets, Pitkyaranta, Pudozh, Segezha) and 2 rural settlements (Kurortnoye, Borovskoye) began developing urban planning documentation. The development of most of the territorial planning schemes and master plans has been completed. But the documentation was not transferred to the customers due to the debt for the work performed. At the same time, the cost of developing master plans for settlements is comparable to the annual budget of the municipality, and sometimes exceeds it. This, in turn, does not allow us to determine the prospects for the development of utility infrastructure, adopt comprehensive plans for laying and replacing networks, and determine the investment needs of enterprises.

As a result, investment programs have currently been approved at 4 enterprises of the Sortavala urban settlement (Teplosnabzhenie Municipal Unitary Enterprise and Vodokanal Management Company Municipal Unitary Enterprise) and the Kemsky urban settlement (Teplosfera LLC and Vodokanal Municipal Unitary Enterprise).
Thus, co-financing the costs of local budgets for the development of urban planning documentation from the budget of the Republic of Karelia becomes especially relevant. Methodological and advisory assistance provided by the Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan to local governments in this area is very important for the implementation of powers in urban planning.

The transfer of powers in the field of organizing housing and communal services to the level of settlements also revealed problems of an organizational, personnel and professional nature. At the same time, in the near future there will be a lot of coordinated work to implement program documents of the Government of the Russian Federation, such as:

Comprehensive program for modernization and reform of housing and communal services of the Republic of Karelia for 2011-2020;
Federal Law No. 261-FZ “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and on introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”;
the draft Federal Law “On Federal and Regional Funds for the Capital Repair of Apartment Buildings”, which is currently undergoing approval in the regions.

It is necessary to develop mechanisms for effectively solving problems of the current and future development of housing and communal services.

The social significance of the housing and communal services (HCS), increased attention to its problems and development on the part of government bodies require from the entire industry not only a high pace of reform, but also serious technological and managerial changes. The ongoing reform in accordance with the Housing and Communal Services Modernization Program implies its technical re-equipment, improving the quality, reliability and accessibility of service provision.

The tasks set as part of the modernization of housing and communal services require the industry to develop and implement an optimal model for interaction between housing and communal services entities, increase its investment attractiveness, introduce innovative technologies, train highly qualified personnel and their retraining, and form an effective and responsible owner.

Currently, the housing and communal services sector is solving many problems caused primarily by ineffective management and a difficult financial situation, high costs for routine repairs and technical condition, a high degree of deterioration of fixed assets, inefficient operation of utility companies, large losses of water, energy and other resources. Consequently, managing the efficiency of housing and communal services is a priority task for the state.

The sphere of housing and communal services is represented by two main interrelated elements:

the housing sector, which includes multi-apartment residential buildings (hereinafter referred to as MRD) and individual housing construction, which are the main consumers of utilities.

The main problems of multi-apartment residential buildings are:

low activity of homeowners in managing the condominium property;
dissatisfaction of apartment owners with the activities of part of the management bodies of condominiums;
concentration of functions of management and maintenance of the condominium object in the activities of governing bodies;
poor practice of accumulating funds for major repairs of common property;
lack of mechanisms for accessible lending to condominium property management bodies for repairs of common property;
low level of collection of payments for services for the management and maintenance of the common property of the condominium;
insufficient level of use of the mechanism for providing housing assistance;
high level of energy consumption.

Considering the fact that the main housing stock was built back in the Soviet period, it would be natural to direct all efforts, first of all, to major renovations of houses.

The implementation of the planned program for the modernization of housing and communal services requires carrying out not only major repairs, but also carrying out certain measures on energy saving, ecology and “green technologies”, effective management, organizational, legal and economic aspects of the development of housing relations.

The experience of countries such as Estonia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic shows that the state provides assistance to apartment owners by financing major repairs from 10 to 50%.

Indeed, renovation and further maintenance of residential buildings is, first of all, a matter of financing. For example, the overhaul of one 9-story building costs an average of 50 million tenge.

The facade of the house is the common property of the owners of the apartment building. Therefore, the decision regarding its repair is made at a general meeting of premises owners. The facade of the house is constantly exposed to sunlight, wind, and precipitation, so it soon loses color and becomes moldy, the appearance of the house leaves much to be desired, and living in such a house can negatively affect people’s health. Timely repairs are the key to avoiding the need for major repairs. If the repair work on the roof and facades is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulations and standards, then repeated repairs will not need to be carried out soon.

Another problem with building facades is observed on the walls of multi-storey buildings - the appearance of white deposits, indicating the ingress and accumulation of salt into the bricklaying mortar.

Exterior finishing and insulation have a number of advantages, such as protection from external influences: noise, condensation, cold.

In accordance with SNiP, the internal air temperature in the entrances must be at least +120C. The energy efficiency of measures for insulation and sealing of windows and entrance doors in entrances can be up to 5% of the total thermal energy entering the heating system of the building. At the same time, the payback period of this method depends on the chosen reconstruction option and can range from 1 to 10 years.

According to the akimat of the city of Astana, in accordance with the measures taken for the thermal modernization of buildings within the framework of the housing and communal services program, the following results were achieved: increased energy efficiency of apartment buildings, their energy efficiency class increased, a decrease in energy consumption of renovated multi-storey buildings was recorded (for thermal energy - up to 50%, electrical – up to 20%).

The city's housing stock modernization program is based on financial government support, which is provided on a repayable basis. A calculation carried out by the Astana akimat showed that the maximum amount of financing for capital repairs of an apartment building was 65 million tenge. At the same time, the coverage of housing assistance amounted to 29 million tenge. Forty percent of the total amount was refundable funds - 35 million tenge. Refunds for residents living in an apartment with a total area of 45 square meters. meters, amounted to 5,400 tenge per sq. meter. For other, less problematic apartment buildings, the refund amount is much less (2000 tenge per square meter). When implementing the Program, targeted support is provided for low-income citizens to pay their expenses for repairs. For these purposes, 33.5 million tenge was allocated in the form of financial assistance. In 2013, 3.5 thousand people became participants in the program. Housing assistance covers 45% of residents of houses included in the Program.

Modernization of the housing sector, where the main task is to provide and maintain the housing stock, must solve two problems. The first is the formation of an effective owner, the second is the introduction of an optimal model of housing relations.

The term “formation of an effective owner” means increasing the responsibility of apartment owners. In the Law “On Housing Relations” the responsibility of apartment owners contains only a single point - responsibility for bearing the costs of maintaining common property.

The state provides for the creation and development of company managers, whose functions will include concluding contracts with contractors for home repairs and with service companies for the provision of services.

Literature:

1. Program for the modernization of housing and communal services of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020. Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 30, 2011 No. 473.

2. http://zhkh.kz/multimedia/2013/24/ Modernization of the housing stock: the experience of Astana.

3. V.A. Spektor, M.B. Rybalchenko. Innovative principles for improving management in housing and communal services. Textbook, Moscow, 2008.