Throwing the ball from a place

Each motor action has its own rhythmic pattern, which can be indicated by claps or steps. The frequency of accents in physical exercise may be a variable. This is typical for cyclic species and their combination with acyclic ones. So, when learning to throw a ball, it is necessary first of all to determine the rhythm of this movement. Having shown the exercise as a whole, the teacher invites students to note with claps different movements according to the applied efforts:

• - lowering the hand with the ball down is performed with little effort and is marked by a weak clap;
• - abduction of the arm back and up also requires little effort. And here it is necessary to make a weak clap;
• - swing and throw of the ball, complemented by the movement of the body forward, - action with the greatest manifestation of effort, respectively, a loud clap is made.

This distribution of efforts is maintained when throwing the ball from three, five or more steps.

Learn to throw with throwing steps

To solve this problem, it is advisable to perform the following exercises:

Start with a half step, step with your left foot.

Throwing the ball with one step. Put your left foot in the step position for throwing from a place, with the body turning in the direction of the throw, come to the “stretched bow” position;

• imitation of a cross step. Standing with the left side to the direction of the throw, the straightened right arm is laid back and is at shoulder level. Body weight - on the right bent leg, the left leg is straightened and placed on a support at a distance of 2.5-3 feet from the right, and the left hand is in front of the chest. Make a slight jump from the left foot to the right, placing the left foot on the support;
• Performing cross steps with the right foot, after which put the left foot in the step position and throw a grenade or ball.
• · Throwing the ball from three steps from the starting position - the right leg is crossed in front of the left.

Step left step right step left

Klevtsova Elizaveta student 6 "B"

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TRACK AND FIELD: THROWING THE BALL Completed by: Elizaveta Klevtsova, student 6 "B"

Man already in the earliest period of his formation was forced to hunt large animals. Hunting with the use of throwing weapons had a special place. Throwing hunting weapons significantly increased the productivity of hunting. Moreover, throwing was diverse: not only specially made tools were thrown, but also sticks, stones, etc. Throwing, as a kind of specifically human activity, requires a rather long and laborious learning process, since it is associated with complex coordination of movements, especially when it comes to hitting a fast moving target.

Running, jumping and throwing, as a means of physical education, were formed in Ancient Greece, where they were included in the program of the ancient Olympic Games. Throwing a dart and a disk was part of the pentathlon. Ball throwing and ball games were the most beloved and widespread games in Greece and Rome during all periods of the existence of these states, which best indicates the significance and expediency of these exercises. Both boys and adult men, both girls and women, were engaged in them, and they were studied in a certain sequence, adhering to certain rules.

Throwing is an exercise for athletes that requires "explosive" muscle efforts (short-term, but maximum in tension). The goal of any throw is to move the sports equipment as far as possible from the athlete. Throwing the ball helps develop strength, agility and speed of action. In addition, a person has an understanding of the optimal ratio of these efforts. Despite its apparent simplicity, throwing is a rather difficult exercise. When throwing the ball, it is necessary to evaluate the speed and strength of the hands, correlate them with the run-up and understand at what point it is necessary, in fact, to “let go” of the ball so that it flies far and the athlete remains standing (and does not fall, for example, or step over the line). ). All this allows you to develop more and analytical skills: the analysis of the most advantageous starting position, the rapidity of the takeoff and scope, and finally, the determination of the point of application of maximum effort during the throw. It would seem a simple task: to throw the ball as far as possible, or to hit a target that is at a decent distance. But in practice, we are faced with the fact that only learning the technique of throwing the ball gives us the result. Without training, the most “simple” thing that can happen is a dislocation of the shoulder joint or an ankle sprain. After all, you need to understand how to coordinate the movements of the arms and legs in order to get a decent result. Therefore, throwing the ball helps us to better understand our body, learn how to control it and, of course, strengthen the muscles: arms, legs, torso.

There are three types of throwing. Throwing a small ball, grenades, spears. These projectiles are lightweight. They are thrown from behind the head after a swift run. Throwing various discs (the main distinguishing feature of the projectile is weight). The discs before the throw are accelerated due to the rotation of the body of the athlete. All kinds of cores. The core is not "thrown", but "pushed". The core is the heaviest projectile, therefore, before pushing it, the athlete needs to make a “jump” (literally, jump and push the core from the shoulder at the highest point). Types of throwing

Ball throwing technique

Projectile holding. A small ball is held, not pressed against the palm, by the phalanges of the fingers of the throwing hand. The index, middle and ring fingers are placed behind the ball like a lever, while the thumb and little finger hold it to the side. Before the start of the run, the thrower holds the projectile over his shoulder in a bent arm.

Throwing from a place. one . Method of throwing "behind the back over the shoulder." Starting position: the right leg is set back, on the toe, the body is turned with the chest in the direction of throwing, the right arm is bent at the elbow, the elbow is lowered, the hand with the ball is at face level. From the starting position, take the right hand to the side, turn the body to the right, bend the right leg slightly at the knee, tilt the body to the right. .Then, passing the right hand from above over the shoulder, move to the position of the “stretched bow” and perform the final effort of the throw with an active overlap of the hand. During the final effort, the torso. And the legs straighten. After the throw, the left leg bends at the knee, the body leans forward, the left arm is pulled back. And the right one continues to move freely forward and down. 2. Throwing method "straight hand from below". In the initial position, the legs are set slightly wider than the shoulders, the right one is set back, the right arm is bent at the elbow in front of the chest. When swinging, the right hand is retracted down and back to the limit, and the throw occurs by moving the hands forward and up. 3 . Throwing method "straight hand from above". In the initial position, the legs are set slightly wider than the shoulders, the right one is set back, the right arm is along the body (with the ball). When swinging, the right hand is moved up and back, then directed forward and the ball is thrown with the brush. four . Throwing method "straight hand sideways". Starting position - legs slightly wider than shoulders, right leg set back, right arm with the ball along the body. When swinging, the body deviates, the right arm is retracted to the limit, the weight of the body is transferred to the right leg, bent at the knee. When throwing, the right nega straightens, the body turns left-forward, and the right hand moves forward and throws the ball with the brush.

Throwing a ball with a run-up The run-up is made uniformly accelerated with a light springy step, while the athlete controls the position of the projectile and the throwing arm. The length of the takeoff may vary and depends on the individual characteristics of the thrower. In throwing a small ball - a run up to 20 m. The run can be conditionally divided into two parts. The first part of the run (6–12 running steps) is carried out in order to acquire the initial speed by the thrower, the second (4–6 throwing steps) is preparation for the throw. To maintain the cross work of the legs and arms during the run-up, the athlete, with a step of the right leg, performs a slight backward movement of the hand with the projectile. The run-up before the start of the retraction of the projectile is performed on the forefoot with the torso slightly tilted forward. The second part of the run is called preparation for the throw (final effort) and is performed with throwing steps with slight acceleration, actively moving the projectile back. Usually, the start of projectile withdrawal is marked on the runway with a reference mark. The run itself should be uniform, but with acceleration. The step is also important: light, springy (in no case should you run with the body tilted forward).

Throwing the ball Throwing (throwing the ball) begins at the moment when the athlete unbends the right leg at the knee. This movement allows you to move forward and up the pelvis, while the shoulders remain almost in place. The hand must be turned palm up, while turning the arm at the shoulder and bending it at the elbow. All these movements allow you to stretch the muscles of the right side of the body, the front of the right thigh and the right shoulder as much as possible. The position of the thrower is called "stretched bow". At this moment, the athlete has already fully turned chest forward, and the throwing arm goes forward, bending into elbow joint. The hand and forearm are still behind the back. All the described movements allow maximizing the speed of the ball at the moment of its throw. At the same time, the left hand must be pulled back so that the inertia of this movement moves the body forward. When the elbow of the throwing arm is level with the ear, it is necessary to start a sharp movement of the shoulders forward. Simultaneously with this movement, the athlete must straighten the elbow joint. Finishing the throw, the thrower should make a “whip-like” movement with the hand. By inertia, the body also turns to the right, increasing the duration of the impact on the projectile.

Secondary School No. 5

Outline plan

Open lesson in physical education

Theoretical information about the technique of throwing the ball at a distance

teacher: Rezvanov V.I. date: 19.04.2014

G. Shalkar
2013-2014 academic year

Lesson topic: Ball throwing technique
the date of the Class: 4"A";

Technology: STO, ICT

Location:multimedia cabinet

Equipment:Interactive board, video and photo materials
Lesson objective: Tell students about the technique of throwing the ball at a distance, its step-by-step execution, types of throws, and safety precautions during throws
The purpose of the lesson:
To form in students a clear idea of ​​​​the technique of throwing the ball at a distance encourage students to become interested in learning physical education,

to cultivate the ability to work in a team, the desire to achieve the best results.

. During the classes:

Org.moment

New topic

Anchoring

Lesson summary

Homework

1. Greeting .

Attendance control.

Declaring Lesson Objectives.

2. New theme.
Throwing is athletics exercises that require short-term, but significant efforts, also called “explosive”. The purpose of these exercises is to move projectiles to the greatest possible distances. Throwing exercises help the harmonious development of such motor qualities as: strength, speed and agility. For this reason, ball and grenade throwing exercises are included in the school curriculum.The flight range of a small ball depends on the initial speed of its departure, the angle of departure (the optimal angle is 40-43 degrees), the air resistance and the height at which the ball leaves the hand at the time of departure. The flight speed depends on the magnitude of the force applied to the ball, the length of the path the force exerts on the projectile.The result in throwing the ball depends on the speed-strength and technical training of students.Learning objectives

Teach the technique of throwing a small ball from a place Teach walking throwing technique Teach throwing technique with 3-4 throwing steps Teach the technique of throwing the ball at a distance from the running start Teach the technique of transition to the position of "stretched bow"

Throwing a small ball for a distance while standing facing towards the throw

From place

From half a step, from a step with the left foot

Throwing the ball from a step from the starting position - right leg crossed in front of the left

The straightened arm is laid back at shoulder level, the weight of the body is on the right leg, bent at the knee (swing position). The throw begins with a rotational-extensor movement of the right leg, continues with the forward movement of the torso - upwards ends with a whipping movement of the forearm and hand.

Throwing the ball from two steps
right foot step left foot step

Throwing the ball from a step with the left foot

Running ball throw

Throwing a small ball.

The throw ends with a whip-like movement of the forearm and hand without lowering the elbow.

The final stage of throwing the ball for a distance

Braking after throwing

Forward movement arising under the action of the inertia forces of the takeoff and the efforts of the thrower must be extinguished so as not to step over the line. This is achieved by crossing over the left leg. Rising on the toe, it is necessary to perform a quick jump to the right foot.

The position of the "stretched bow"

The following exercises are recommended: Performing a standing position at the gymnastic wall, with the right hand, with a grip from below, grab the rail at shoulder level. Turning and straightening the right leg, the pelvis forward - up, turn to the left. Performing the exercise with the help of a partner.

3. Fixing.

They play sports such as football, basketball Sometimes it's easy, sometimes it's hard Self-competitive activity. What do you need to do to be healthy? Sometimes artistic, sometimes sports There are roller, figure, hockey Projectile for throwing. There are C D DVD Sometimes on the grass, sometimes with the ball, sometimes with the puck.

Repetition of Safety Precautions
while throwing the ball

It is forbidden to make arbitrary throwing, throwing without the permission of the teacher Cannot be in the throw zone. Do not stop the ball in flight, but wait until it comes to a complete stop. The receiver of the balls should stand behind the right or left of the teacher at least 10 meters to see the trajectory of the ball Throw strictly from behind the head Run all commands

Lesson summary

Lesson grades

Homework: OFP

State autonomous institution Kaliningrad region professional educational organization "College of service and tourism" Throwing a ball for a distance

Prepared by: Alekseeva Yu.A.

Lecturer: Alukrieva E.L.

Kaliningrad 2017

What is ball throwing?

Throwing the ball for a distance

Types of throwing

How to properly hold the ball when throwing?

Three phases of ball throwing technique?

Throwing safety.

What is ball throwing?

Throwing- these are athletes' exercises that require "explosive" muscle efforts (short-term, but maximum in tension). The goal of any throw is to move the sports equipment as far as possible from the athlete. ball throwing helps develop strength, agility and speed of action .

Throwing the ball for a distance

Throwing the ball at a distance is characterized by a short-term, but concentrated effort of the muscles of the arms, shoulder girdle and legs with their coordinated impact. Throwing is divided into three phases :

• Run - carried out from 10-12 m rhythmically at an accelerated pace
• Throw - at the moment of the throw, the position of the "stretched bow" is taken and the ball is sent forward.
• Braking After Throwing - After releasing the ball, the thrower takes a quick step forward with the right foot in order to extinguish the speed.

Types of ball throwing

Throwing a small ball, grenades, spears. These projectiles are lightweight. They are thrown from behind the head after a swift run.

Throwing various discs (the main distinguishing feature of the projectile is weight). The discs before the throw are accelerated due to the rotation of the body of the athlete.

All kinds of cores. The core is not "thrown", but "pushed". The core is the heaviest projectile, therefore, before pushing it, the athlete needs to make a “jump” (literally, jump and push the core from the shoulder at the highest point).

Throwing Safety

• Before throwing, make sure that no one is in the direction of the throw.
• In group throwing, stand on the left side of the thrower
• Being close to the throwing zone, make sure that the thrower is in sight
• After the throw, follow the projectile only with the permission of the teacher
• When throwing at a target, foresee the danger when the projectile rebounds.

Applied types of throwing are included: throwing a small ball and grenades. The movements in throwing a grenade and a ball are identical to each other and are aimed at creating conditions for the maximum range of their flight. Throwing is performed from various positions: running, standing, kneeling, lying down. We are considering throwing a ball and a grenade with a running start. The technique of this type of throwing consists of four main phases:

holding the projectile

run, during which there is an increase in the speed of the thrower with the projectile;

final effort (throw), when the thrower accelerates the movement of the arm with the projectile to the initial takeoff speed;

maintaining balance and braking.

Projectile holding. Holding a grenade is carried out in two ways. In the first method, the grenade is held by the lower half of the handle by grabbing it with four fingers, the thumb is located along the axis of the handle (Fig. a). In the second method, the grenade is held by the handle by tightly grasping with clenched fingers, while the thumb is superimposed on the index finger (Fig. b). In both cases, the muscles of the arm are relaxed, the hand is not tense. A small ball (a tennis ball can be used as such a projectile) is held by three middle fingers, and the little finger and thumb support it from the sides (Fig. C). Thus, the ball is grasped with the ends of the fingers and, depending on the strength of the brush, they are placed closer or farther from the palm (see Fig.).

takeoff run. The optimal run-up length is 13 steps, of which 8 steps are performed in the preliminary part of the run-up and 5 steps in the final part. These parts, as a rule, are marked with control marks: one - at the beginning of the run, the other - before the final part of the run. The run-up is performed with acceleration on the forefoot, while the stride length is approximately 30 cm less than in sprinting. When running, a grenade or tennis ball can be held down, over the shoulder and in front of you.

The task of the final part of the run is to, without reducing the speed of the run, carry out the retraction of the projectile and approach the phase of the final effort in the most favorable position. Having hit the control mark with the left foot, with the step of the right foot, the abduction and extension of the arm with the projectile back begins. The hand, at the same time, does not fall below the level of the shoulders, the body is held vertically (to maintain the speed of movement). Continuing the movement of the arm with the projectile back, the thrower performs the second step from the left foot. The third step, performed with the right foot, is called the cross: the foot is placed from the heel with the foot slightly turned outward. The arm with the projectile by this moment is fully extended at the elbow joint, and the body is turned to the right and tilted back as much as possible. The thrower, as it were, "runs away" from the projectile. By doing this, he performs the so-called "overtaking the projectile." Finishing the fourth ("stopping") step with the left foot, the thrower comes to the starting position before the final effort, keeping the weight of the body on the right foot.

Final effort starts with the movement of the legs. The left leg rests in front of the projection of the BCT of the body along the run-up line with the toe inward, the right leg unbends and turns the heel outward. Due to this, the movement of the right side of the pelvis around the vertical axis of the body and perpendicular to the direction of the run. The movement of the pelvis drags the torso along with it and brings the thrower into the position of a “stretched bow”, after which the arm with the projectile is moved forward with a whip-like movement and the ball is released at an angle of 45-50 0 . The rapid forward movement, which occurs under the action of the inertia of the run, must be extinguished in a short segment. This is achieved by performing a jump - jumping to the right foot over the left. On fig. the final part of the run-up and the final effort when throwing a grenade is presented.

Maintaining balance and braking. The thrower, in order not to cross the throwing line, limited by the bar or other markings, after releasing the projectile, extinguishes the inertia of the body moving forward by jumping from the left foot to the right. Due to this, the thrower is braked and balance is maintained.

Consider the sequence of teaching technique using the example of throwing a ball.

Exercises to learn how to hold the ball correctly.

Exercise 1. Performing a grip on the ball with a hand with simultaneous movements in the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints.

Exercise 2. Throw the ball down and forward due to the biting movement of the brush.

Exercise 3 Taking the hand with the ball back and down, followed by an imitation of a throw from behind the head (the ball is not released from the hand).

Exercise 4 The same, but with the help of a teacher or partner (see fig.).

Exercise 5 Throwing the ball from the starting position, facing the direction of the throw.

Exercise 6 The same, but standing with the left side in the direction of the throw.

Exercise 7 Throwing the ball from the step.

Exercise 8 Throwing the ball with 3-4 steps.

Exercise 9 Throwing the ball as a whole from a full run.

Exercise 10 Throwing the ball from a full run with a gradual increase in the range of the throw and an increase in effort.