Foreword

1. DEVELOPED by the State Design and Research Institute SantekhNIIproekt (GPKNII SantekhNIIproekt), the Research Institute of Building Physics (NIIstroyphysics), the Central Research and Experimental Design Institute of Housing (TsNIIEPzhilishcha), the Central Research and Experimental Design Institute of Educational Buildings ( TsNIIEP educational buildings), Research Institute of Human Ecology and Hygiene environment them. Sysin, Association of Engineers for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Supply and Building Thermal Physics (ABOK).

INTRODUCED by Gosstroy of Russia

1. ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (ISTCS) on December 11, 1996

Name of State/ Name of authority government controlled construction
Republic of Azerbaijan / Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia / Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus / Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
Georgia / Ministry of Urbanization and Construction of Georgia
Republic of Kazakhstan / Agency for Construction and Architectural and Construction Control of the Ministry of Economy and Trade
Kyrgyz Republic / Ministry of Architecture of the Kyrgyz Republic
Republic of Moldova / Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Public Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation / Gosstroy of Russia
Republic of Tajikistan / Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
Republic of Uzbekistan / Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

1. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
2. ENTERED INTO EFFECT on March 1, 1999 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 6, 1999 No. 1

Application area

This standard establishes the parameters of the microclimate of the serviced area of ​​the premises of residential, public, administrative and domestic buildings. The standard sets General requirements to the optimal and acceptable indicators of the microclimate and control methods.
The standard does not apply to microclimate indicators working area industrial premises.
The requirements set out in sections 3 and 4 in part allowed parameters microclimate (except for the local asymmetry of the resulting temperature) are mandatory.

Definitions, classification of premises

The following terms and definitions apply in this standard.
Served area of ​​the premises (habitat area)- the space in the room, limited by planes parallel to the floor and walls: at a height of 0.1 and 2.0 m above the floor (but not closer than 1 mot of the ceiling for ceiling heating), at a distance of 0.5 m from internal surfaces outdoor and internal walls, windows and heaters.
Residential premises- a room in which people are at least 2 hours continuously or 6 hours in total during the day.
Room microclimate- the state of the internal environment of the room, which has an impact on a person, characterized by indicators of air temperature and enclosing structures, humidity and air mobility.
Optimal microclimate parameters- a combination of values ​​of microclimate indicators, which, with prolonged and systematic exposure to a person, provide normal thermal state body with a minimum tension of thermoregulation mechanisms and a feeling of comfort for at least 80% of people in the room.
Permissible microclimate parameters- combinations of values ​​of microclimate indicators, which, with prolonged and systematic exposure to a person, can cause a general and local feeling of discomfort, deterioration of well-being and a decrease in efficiency with increased stress on thermoregulation mechanisms do not cause damage or deterioration of health.
Cold period of the year- the period of the year, characterized by an average daily temperature of the outside air, equal to 8 °C and below.
Warm period of the year- the period of the year, characterized by an average daily temperature of the outside air above 8 °C.
Radiation room temperature- the area-averaged temperature of the internal surfaces of the room enclosures and heating devices.
Resulting room temperature- a complex indicator of the radiation temperature of the room and the air temperature of the room, determined according to Appendix A.
Ball thermometer temperature- temperature in the center of a thin-walled hollow sphere, characterizing the combined effect of air temperature, radiation temperature and air velocity.
Local asymmetry of the resulting temperature- the difference in the resulting temperatures at the point of the room, determined by a ball thermometer for two opposite directions.
Air speed- air velocity averaged over the volume of the serviced area.
Room classification
Premises of category 1 - premises in which people in a lying or sitting position are in a state of rest and rest.
Premises of the 2nd category - premises in which people are engaged in mental work, study.
Premises For categories - premises with a mass stay of people, in which people are mainly in a sitting position without street clothes.
Premises of category 3b - premises with a mass stay of people, in which people are mainly in a sitting position in street clothes.
Premises of the 3v category - premises with a mass stay of people, in which people are mostly in a standing position without street clothes.
Premises of the 4th category - premises for practicing mobile sports.
Category 5 premises - premises where people are half-dressed (cloakrooms, treatment rooms, doctors' offices, etc.).
Premises of the 6th category - premises with temporary stay of people (lobbies, dressing rooms, corridors, stairs, bathrooms, smoking rooms, pantries).

Microclimate parameters

3.1 In residential and public buildings should provide optimal or allowable norms microclimate in the service area.
3.2 Required microclimate parameters: optimal, acceptable, or combinations thereof - should be set in normative documents depending on the purpose of the premises and the period of the year.
3.3 Parameters characterizing the microclimate of the premises:
air temperature;
air speed;
relative humidity;
resulting room temperature;
local asymmetry of the resulting temperature.
3.4 The optimal and permissible microclimate standards in the serviced area of ​​the premises (in the established design parameters of the outside air) must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1
Optimal and permissible temperature standards, relative humidity and speed of air movement in the serviced area of ​​premises of residential buildings and hostels

• NN - not standardized
  Note - Values ​​in brackets refer to nursing homes and disabled people.

table 2
Optimal and permissible norms for temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the serviced area of ​​public buildings

• • NN - not standardized
    Note - For preschool institutions located in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (security 0.92) minus 31 ° C and below, the allowable design air temperature in the room should be taken 1 ° C higher than indicated in the table.

The local asymmetry of the resulting temperature should be no more than 2.5 °C for optimal and no more than 3.5 °C for acceptable indicators.

3.5 When providing microclimate indicators at various points of the serviced area, it is allowed:
- air temperature difference is not more than 2 °C for optimal performance and 3 °C - for acceptable;
- difference in the resulting room temperature along the height of the serviced area - no more than 2 °C;
- change in air velocity - no more than 0.07 m/s for optimal performance and 0.1 m/s - for acceptable ones;
- change in relative air humidity - no more than 7% for optimal performance and 15% - for acceptable.
3.6 In public buildings during non-working hours, it is allowed to reduce the microclimate indicators, provided that the required parameters are provided by the beginning of working hours.

Control methods

4.1 Measurement of microclimate indicators in the cold season should be performed at an outdoor temperature not higher than minus 5 °C. It is not allowed to carry out measurements in a cloudless sky during daylight hours.
4.2 For the warm period of the year, the measurement of microclimate indicators should be performed at an outside air temperature of at least 15 °C. It is not allowed to carry out measurements in a cloudless sky during daylight hours.
4.3 Measurement of temperature, humidity and air velocity should be carried out in a serviced area at a height of:
- 0.1; 0.4 and 1.7 m from the floor surface for preschool institutions;
- 0.1; 0.6 and 1.7 m from the floor surface when people stay indoors mainly in a sitting position;
- 0.1; 1.1 and 1.7 m from the floor surface in rooms where people mostly stand or walk;
- in the center of the serviced area and at a distance of 0.5 m from the inner surface of the outer walls and stationary heaters in the rooms indicated in Table 3.
In rooms with an area of ​​​​more than 100 m2, the measurement of temperature, humidity and air velocity should be carried out on equal areas, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich should not exceed 100 m2.
4.4 The temperature of the inner surface of walls, partitions, floors, ceilings should be measured in the center of the corresponding surface.

Table 3
Measurement locations

Type of buildings	Room selection	Place of measurements
Single-family	In at least two rooms with an area of ​​more than 5 m2 each, having two external walls or rooms with large windows, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is 30% or more of the area of ​​​​the external walls	In the center of the planes 0.5 m from the inner surface of the outer wall and the heater and in the center of the room (the point of intersection of the diagonal lines of the room) at the height specified in 4.3
Multi-apartment	At least two rooms with an area of ​​more than 5 m2 each in apartments on the first and last floors
Hotels, motels, hospitals, child care facilities, schools	In one corner room of the 1st or last floor
Other public and administrative	In every representative room	The same, in rooms with an area of ​​​​100 m2 or more, measurements are carried out in areas whose sizes are regulated in 4.3

For external walls with light apertures and heaters, the temperature on the inner surface should be measured in the centers of the sections formed by lines that continue the edges of the slopes of the light aperture, as well as in the center of the glazing and heater.
4.5 The resulting room temperature should be calculated according to the formulas specified in Annex A. Air temperature measurements are carried out in the center of the room at a height of 0.6 m from the floor surface for rooms with people staying in a sitting position and at a height of 1.1 m in rooms with people staying in a standing position, either according to the temperatures of the surrounding surfaces of the fences (Appendix A), or according to measurements with a ball thermometer (Appendix B).
4.6 The local asymmetry of the resulting temperature should be calculated for the points given in 4.5 using the formula

t asu = t su 1 - t su 2, (1)

where t su 1 and t su 2 are temperatures, °C, measured in two opposite directions with a ball thermometer (Appendix B).
4.7 Relative humidity in the room should be measured in the center of the room at a height of 1.1 m from the floor.
4.8 When manually registering microclimate indicators, at least three measurements should be performed with an interval of at least 5 minutes, with automatic registration, measurements should be taken within 2 hours. When compared with standard indicators, the average value of the measured values ​​is taken.
The measurement of the resulting temperature should be started 20 minutes after the ball thermometer is installed at the measurement point.
4.9 Indicators of the microclimate in the premises should be measured by devices that have been registered and have the appropriate certificate.
The measurement range and the permissible error of measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of Table 4.

Table 4
Requirements for measuring instruments

APPENDIX A Calculation of the resulting room temperature (mandatory)

The resulting room temperature tsu at an air velocity of up to 0.2 m/s should be determined by the formula

(A.1)

where t p is the air temperature in the room, ° С;
t r - radiation temperature of the room, °C.
The resulting room temperature should be taken at an air velocity of up to 0.2 m/s equal to the temperature of a ball thermometer with a sphere diameter of 150 mm.
At an air speed of 0.2 to 0.6 m/s, t su should be determined by the formula

t su = 0.6 t p + 0.4 t c (A.2)

Radiation temperature tr should be calculated:
according to the temperature of the ball thermometer according to the formula

(A.3)

where t b - temperature according to a ball thermometer, ° С;

m is a constant equal to 2.2 with a sphere diameter of up to 150 mm or determined according to Appendix B;
V - air speed, m/s. according to the temperatures of the internal surfaces of fences and heating devices

, (A.4)
where A i is the area of ​​the inner surface of fences and heating devices, m2;
t i - temperature of the inner surface of fences and heating devices, ° С.

APPENDIX B Ball thermometer device (reference)

A ball thermometer for determining the resulting temperature is a hollow sphere made of copper or other heat-conducting material, blackened on the outside (the degree of blackness of the surface is not lower than 0.95), inside which either a glass thermometer or a thermoelectric converter is placed.
A ball thermometer for determining the local asymmetry of the resulting temperature is a hollow sphere, in which one half of the ball has a mirror surface (the degree of emissivity of the surface is not higher than 0.05), and the other is a blackened surface (the degree of emissivity of the surface is not lower than 0.95).
The temperature of the ball thermometer measured in the center of the ball is the equilibrium temperature from radiative and convective heat exchange between the ball and the environment.
The recommended sphere diameter is 150 mm. The wall thickness of the sphere is minimal, for example, made of copper - 0.4 mm. The mirror surface is formed by a galvanic method by applying a chrome coating. Sticking polished foil and other methods are allowed. Measurement range from 10 to 50 °С. The time spent by the ball thermometer at the measurement point before measurement is at least 20 minutes. Measurement accuracy at temperatures from 10 to 50 °C - 0.1 °C.
When using a sphere of a different diameter, the constant m should be determined by the formula
m = 2.2 (0.15 / d) 0.4 , (B.1)
where d is the diameter of the sphere, m.

Keywords: microclimate, optimal and permissible indicators, technical requirements, test methods

GOST 30494-96

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC.

INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION

FOR STANDARDIZATION, TECHNICAL REGULATION AND CERTIFICATION

IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)

Moscow

Foreword

1 DESIGNEDState Design and Research Institute SantekhNIIproject (GPKNII SantekhNIIproekt), Research Institute of Building Physics (NIIstroyfizika), Central Research and Experimental Design Institute for Housing (TsNIIEPzhilishcha), Central Research and Experimental Design Institute for Educational Buildings (TsNIIEP Educational Buildings), Scientific -Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. Sysin, Association of Engineers for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Supply and Building Thermal Physics (ABOK)

INTRODUCEDGosstroy of Russia

2 ACCEPTEDInterstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) December 11, 1996

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus	Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus
	Ministry of Urbanization and Construction of Georgia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Agency for Construction and Architectural and Construction Control of the Ministry of Economy and Trade
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Ministry of Architecture of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Public Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 INTRODUCED FIRST

4 INTRODUCED from March 1, 1999 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 6, 1999 No. 1

GOST 30494-96

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC. INDOOR MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS RESIDENTAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS FOR INDOOR ENCLOSURES

Optimal and permissible norms for temperature, relative humidity and air movement speed in the serviced area of ​​premises of residential buildings and hostels

Period of the year	The name of a room	Air temperature, ° FROM		resulting temperature, ° FROM		Relative humidity, %
		optimal	admissible	optimal	admissible	optimal	admissible, no more	optimal, no more	admissible, no more
Cold	Living room
	The same, in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (security 0.92) minus 31 ° FROM
	Bathroom, combined bathroom
	Premises for rest and study
	Inter-apartment corridor
	lobby, stairwell
	Storerooms
	Living room
*НН - not standardized Note - Values ​​in parentheses refer to homes for the elderly and disabled

Optimal and permissible norms for temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the serviced area of ​​public buildings

Period of the year	Name of the premises or	Air temperature, ° FROM		resulting temperature, ° FROM		Relative humidity, %		Air speed, m/s
		optimal	admissible	optimal	admissible	optimal	admissible, no more	optimal, no more	admissible, no more
Cold
	Bathrooms, showers
	Children's preschool institutions
	Group dressing room and toilet:
	for toddlers and younger groups
	for toddlers and younger groups
	for middle and preschool groups
	Residential premises
*НН - not standardized Note - For kindergartens located in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (security 0.92) minus 31 ° C and below, the allowable design air temperature in the room should be taken at 1 ° From the table above.

The local asymmetry of the resulting temperature should be no more than 2.5° C for optimal and no more than 3.5° With for admissible indicators.

3.5 When providing microclimate indicators at various points of the serviced area, it is allowed:

Air temperature difference no more than 2 ° C for optimal performance and 3 ° C - for acceptable;

The difference in the resulting room temperature along the height of the serviced area - no more than 2° FROM;

Change in air speed - no more than 0.07 m/s for optimal performance and 0.1 m/s for acceptable;

Change in relative air humidity - no more than 7% for optimal performance and 15% for acceptable.

3.6. In public buildings during non-working hours, it is allowed to reduce the microclimate indicators, provided that the required parameters are met by the beginning of working hours.

4Control methods

4.1 Measurement of microclimate indicators in the cold season should be performed at an outdoor air temperature not higher than minus 5°

4.2. For the warm period of the year, the measurement of microclimate indicators should be performed at an outside air temperature of at least 15° C. It is not allowed to carry out measurements in a cloudless sky during daylight hours.

4.3 Measurement of temperature, humidity and air velocity should be carried out in the serviced area at a height of:

0.1; 0.4 and 1.7 m from the floor surface for preschool institutions;

0.1; 0.6 and 1.7 m from the floor surface when people stay indoors mainly in a sitting position;

0.1; 1.1 and 1.7 m from the floor surface in rooms where people mostly stand or walk;

In the center of the serviced area and at a distance of 0.5 m from the inner surface of the outer walls and stationary heating appliances in the rooms indicated in Table 3.

Table 3

Measurement locations

Type of buildings	Room selection	Place of measurement
Single-family	In at least two rooms with an area of ​​​​more than 5 m 2 each, having two external walls or rooms with large windows, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is 30% or more of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe external walls	In the center of the planes 0.5 m from the inner surface of the outer wall and the heater and in the center of the room (the point of intersection of the diagonal lines of the room) at the height specified in 4.3
Multi-apartment	At least two rooms with an area of ​​more than 5 m 2 each in apartments on the first and last floors
Hotels, motels, hospitals, child care facilities, schools	In one corner room of the 1st or last floor
Other public and administrative	In every representative office	The same, in rooms with an area of ​​​​100 m 2 or more, measurements are carried out in areas whose sizes are regulated in 4.3

In rooms with an area of ​​​​more than 100 m 2, the measurement of temperature, humidity and air velocity should be carried out in equal areas, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich should not be more than 100 m 2.

4.4. The temperature of the inner surface of walls, partitions, floors, ceilings should be measured in the center of the corresponding surface.

For external walls with light openings and heaters, the temperature on the inner surface should be measured at the centers of the sections formed by lines that continue the edges of the slopes of the light opening, as well as at the center of the glazing and the heater.

4.7 Relative humidity in the room should be measured in the center of the room at a height of 1.1 m from the floor.

4.8 When manually recording microclimate indicators, at least three measurements should be performed with an interval of at least 5 minutes. with automatic registration, measurements should be taken within 2 hours. When compared with standard indicators, the average value of the measured values ​​is taken.

The measurement of the resulting temperature should be started 20 minutes after the ball thermometer is installed at the measurement point.

4.9 Indicators of the microclimate in the premises should be measured by devices that have been registered and have an appropriate certificate.

The measuring range and the permissible error of measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of the table.

Table 4

Requirements for measuring instruments

Name of indicator	Measuring range	Limit deviation
Indoor air temperature, °C	5 to 40	0,1
Temperature of the inner surface of the fences, °C	» 0 » 50	0,1
Heater surface temperature, °C	» 5 » 90	0,1
Resulting room temperature, °C	» 5 » 40	0,1
Relative humidity, %	» 10 » 90	5,0
Air speed, m/s	» 0.05 to 0.6	0,05

APPENDIXA

(mandatory)

Calculation of the resulting room temperature

Resulting room temperaturetsuat air speeds up to 0.2 m/s should be determined by the formula

(A.1)

where tp- air temperature in the room,° FROM;

r- radiation temperature of the room,° FROM.

The resulting room temperature should be taken at an air velocity of up to 0.2 m/s equal to the temperature of a ball thermometer with a sphere diameter of 150 mm.

At an air speed of 0.2 to 0.6 m/stsushould be determined by the formula

.(A.2)

radiation temperaturershould be calculated:

according to the temperature of the ball thermometer according to the formula

,(A.3)

where tb- temperature by ball thermometer,° FROM

t- a constant equal to 2.2 with a sphere diameter of up to 150 mm or determined according to Appendix B;

V- speed of air movement, m/s.

according to the temperatures of the internal surfaces of fences and heating devices

,(A.4)

where BUT i- the area of ​​​​the inner surface of fences and heating devices, m 2;

t i- temperature of the inner surface of fences and heating devices,° FROM.

APPENDIX B

(reference)

Ball thermometer device

A spherical thermometer for determining the resulting temperature is a hollow sphere blackened on the outside (the degree of blackness of the surface is not lower than 0.95), made of copper or other heat-conducting material, inside which either a glass thermometer or a thermoelectric converter is placed.

A ball thermometer for determining the local asymmetry of the resulting temperature is a hollow sphere, in which one half of the ball has a mirror surface (the degree of emissivity of the surface is not higher than 0.05), and the other is a blackened surface (the degree of emissivity of the surface is not lower than 0.95).

The temperature of the ball thermometer measured at the center of the ball is the equilibrium temperature of the radiation and convective heat exchange between the ball and the environment.

The recommended sphere diameter is 150 mm. The thickness of the walls of the sphere is minimal, for example, from copper - 0.4 mm. The mirror surface is formed by the galvanic method by applying a chromium coating. Sticking polished foil and other methods are allowed. Measuring range from 10 to 50° C. The time spent by the ball thermometer at the measurement point before measurement is at least 20 minutes. Measurement accuracy at temperatures from 10 to 50° C - 0.1 ° FROM.

When using a sphere of a different diameter, the constant t should be determined by the formula

,(B.1)

where d- sphere diameter, m.