Air humidity versus temperature. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the preservation of painting. Optimal and permissible parameters of temperature and relative humidity in rooms in all educational and preschool institutions

Also Good to Know: Curious Snow Facts

Snowfall is not always caused by large-scale weather conditions. Power plants or other large-scale industrial plants produce what is known as industrial snow, which is locally limited around the plant. Another phenomenon is the "Lake Snow Effect" that occurs around large lakes in North America. During winter, cold winds blow over lakes of warm water, which then absorb the water vapor that falls on the shore like snowfall.

By the way, the widespread misconception that the Inuit have a special a large number of there are no more words for snow than in other languages. While there are many words or half sentences in German that describe snow, they appear as a word in the Inuit language.

Climate elements are those phenomena that are used to determine the characteristic climate of a place or region on the earth's surface. These are mainly: temperature, precipitation, winds, Atmosphere pressure and humidity. However, of all of them, temperature and precipitation have great importance because they invariably determine the great climate of our planet.

The quality of the atmosphere, indicating the amount of solar energy held by the air at a given moment, is called temperature. The thermometer is a reliability tool that is used to measure this amount of energy. This measurement should be taken at a distance of 1.5 meters from the ground, in a place that is ventilated and protected from direct sunlight. The result is expressed either in Celsius, degrees Celsius, or Fahrenheit.

Therefore, we can say that temperatures mainly depend on solar radiation. That is why when the temperature is higher during the day, because in this last the sun remains hidden. Undoubtedly, for the same reason, tropical regions are areas of the planet with more intense insolation, that is, it is hotter than in those areas where this insolation is less, for example, the polar zones.

However, there are three climatic factors that functionally change the temperature. These are: height, latitude and proximity to the sea. But, in addition, it is necessary to add the influence of the terms of change to the movements of rotation and translation of the Earth. As for the movement of rotation, it is responsible for the alternation of day and night, so this is also the reason for the daily record of the maximum temperature and therefore also the minimum temperature, which usually occurs at dawn, when the time of greatest heat loss occurs on the earth's surface.

On the other hand, if we are talking about the movement of the Earth, this is responsible for the alternation of the seasons of the year, starting from summer, where the highest temperatures are recorded, to winter, where the highest temperatures are recorded. However, in order to more accurately characterize the climate of the world, all these figures are used over a long period of time, obtaining average values.

Temperature and relative humidity standards in the museum

On the other hand, to analyze the distribution of temperatures on the earth's surface, imaginary lines are used connecting points from the surface where average temperature is the same. We call these line isotherms. We will refer to moisture as the amount of water vapor contained in the atmosphere. It occurs as part of the evaporation of water from the surface of oceans, lakes and rivers; and the other - land and vegetation.

However, from one place to another on the surface of the Earth, the humidity varies significantly, and this depends precisely on the temperature of the air, since the higher the temperature, the higher the evaporation. For example, this occurs in warm areas, such as near Ecuador.

The humidity of the air at a given point in time is expressed using relative humidity, that is, the ratio between the amount of water vapor that the atmosphere contains and the maximum that it can contain, expressed as a percentage. The amount of water that falls to the earth's surface from the atmosphere is called precipitation. They may do so in the form of a liquid such as rain or rain; or hard, such as snow or hail.

Precipitation, along with temperature, is the main element of the climate, since it is very common in the natural environment and in people's lives. In order to characterize Various types climate, not only the amount of precipitation that a certain place receives, but also their characteristics are studied. For example, if they produce preferably in the form of rain or snow, also an analysis of the distribution of precipitation is used throughout the year, thus determining the types of dry or wet climates.

Relative humidity

It also takes into account the intensity with which the precipitation falls, as this is not the same as a fine or normal precipitation, or a shower fall a few hours later. But how can precipitation fall? To understand them, one must take into account that hot air weighs less than cold air, so it tends to rise, and this air, and that the air cools as it rises, which leads to the condensation of water vapor and, therefore, the separation of clouds and rain.

Therefore, the mechanisms that cause the air to rise can be of a different nature, which will determine the three main types of precipitation. The first of these are called orographic precipitation and occur when a moist wind hits a mountain range; and as it rises on a hillside, it cools, condenses moisture, and falls as rain or snow.

The other is known as cyclonic or frontal precipitation, they occur when two masses of air, one warm and one cold, are detected, forming a contact front in which cold air is forced into a wedge shape under the warm air, causing it to rise. This usually occurs in temperate zones close to the polar front.

And finally, we have convective precipitation, which is characteristic of warm regions. Here the hot air rises, rises, cools and condenses its moisture. Clouds form and water falls as rain. On the other hand, the amount of precipitation is measured by an apparatus called a rain gauge and is expressed in liters or millimeters per square meter. This determines the exact numbers to reach the corresponding averages.

The atmosphere is made up of a set of gases that make up air, the latter, although not visible, has a certain volume, weight, and therefore takes up space. Therefore, it is expressed as atmospheric pressure, the weight that air exerts on the earth's surface.

This pressure is expressed in millimeters or hectopascals. Therefore, when we see 760 Mm. It should be noted that atmospheric pressure is not uniform at all points on the earth's surface, but varies with altitude and temperature. Therefore, at higher altitude and temperature, lower pressure.

Winds are masses of moving air moving away from areas of low temperature and high pressure, called anticyclonic centers, to areas of high temperature and low pressure, called cyclonic centers. Anticyclones are the centers that emit winds, and cyclones are the centers that attract them.

The wind is an element of lesser importance, characterizing the climate. It is so that in many regions the winds happen, while in others they do it regularly. The latter, always active if they are important for the influence of climate, are the so-called constant. Since they are carriers of a mass of moist or dry air, which have a large distribution in the amount of precipitation that the places receive along the probe passage. For example, trade winds in tropical latitudes.

But there are also periodic winds, that is, they blow alternately in one direction or in the other, for example, in the case of the monsoons in Asia. But finally, we also have those locally denominated winds, as they blow in certain regions, like the pampero or the sudestada.

Direction and speed are two characteristics that characterize winds. In the case of a direction, it is expressed in terms of principal points; and speed, usually expressed in kilometers per hour, measured by an instrument called an anemometer. Editor Santillana Professor of Geography: Claudia Nagel.

Sometimes this is because the place is located in a basement or semi-basement, places that allow rainwater to seep in and whose soils retain a lot of moisture. The problem had to be foreseen in the design and construction of the building, allocating special building materials for these places.

In other cases, moisture comes from the environment. The geographical location of some cities, the proximity of beaches or rivers, etc. causes high moisture content in the air. In such cases, the problem is solved with the help of air conditioners, which not only provide a pleasant temperature, but also an optimal degree of humidity. Sometimes, especially in some plants where hygroscopic products are processed, even lower relative humidity is required; the environment is considered dry when it is 20%, which is not exactly optimal for the environment, as the body's mucous membranes require it to grow.

Dehumidifiers can be used to dry a small body in a short time, the most effective of which is phosphorus pentoxide. These substances are widely used in laboratory and semi-industrial applications to preserve instruments, packaged foods, etc. in dry conditions.

It is important to know the characteristic elements of each wind, i.e. direction, speed and strength. To determine the direction, a flag or a wind sleeve is enough; know the rate of use of anemometers, which measure the number of meters the wind crosses per second; force is calculated from speed and expressed in terms of the Beaufort scale or international wind scale.

Winds are divided into constant, periodic and local. The winds that blow all year round in the same direction are called constants. Such are the trade winds that blow in a northeasterly direction in the northern hemisphere and in a southeasterly direction in australia, or in opposition that fall over the trade winds and in the opposite direction.

The trade winds affect the area located at the equator with a width of about 60°; impact towards the thermal equator, also called the equatorial calm zone, characterized by low pressure and high humidity. Instead, they are called periodic winds that blow in the opposite direction during different seasons of the year.