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Automated and automatic control systems. Purpose, purpose of creation, and functions of the process control system What is the purpose of automation management

Answer the questions:

1. What is an Automated Control System (ACS)?

2. Who was the first creator of ACS?

3. What is the main task of the ACS?

4. List the goals of management automation?

5. What does the ACS consist of?

6. On what grounds is the ACS divided?

7. List the Classes of ACS structures?

8. What is the main feature of the centralized dispersed structure?

9. What are the advantages of a centralized dispersed structure?

10. List the tasks of the hierarchical structure?

11. List the types of automated control systems?

12. Give examples of automated control systems?

For a score of "5" - 11-12 complete answers to questions, for "4" - 10 complete answers to questions, "3" - at least 9 complete answers to questions. good luck J

Automated control system

Automated control system(abbreviated ACS) - a complex of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the technological process, production, enterprise. ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport, etc. The term "automated", in contrast to the term "automatic", emphasizes the preservation of some functions by the human operator, either of the most general, goal-setting nature, or not amenable to automation. ACS with a Decision Support System (DSS) are the main tool for improving the validity of management decisions.

The creator of the first automated control systems in the USSR is Nikolai Ivanovich Veduta (1913-1998) Doctor of Economics, professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, founder of the scientific school of strategic planning. In 1962-1967. in the position of director of the Central Research Institute of Technical Management (TsNIITU), being also a member of the collegium of the USSR Ministry of Instrument Engineering, he led the introduction of the country's first automated production control systems at machine-building enterprises. Actively fought against ideological PR campaigns on the introduction of expensive computers, instead of creating real automated control systems to improve the efficiency of production management.

The most important task of the automated control system is to increase the efficiency of facility management based on the growth of labor productivity and the improvement of methods for planning the management process. Distinguish between automated systems for managing objects (technological processes - process control systems, enterprises - automated control systems, industry - OAS) and functional automated systems, for example, designing planned calculations, logistics, etc.

Goals of management automation

In the general case, the management system can be considered as a set of interrelated management processes and objects. The generalized goal of control automation is to increase the efficiency of using the potential capabilities of the control object. Thus, a number of goals can be distinguished: Providing the decision maker (DM) with relevant data for decision making

1. Speeding up the execution of individual data collection and processing operations

2. Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker must make

3. Increasing the level of control and performance discipline

4. Increasing the efficiency of management

5. Reducing the cost of the decision maker for the implementation of auxiliary processes

6. Increasing the degree of validity of decisions made

Composition of ACS

The ACS includes the following types of support: information, software, technical, organizational, metrological, legal and linguistic.

Main classification features

The main classification features that determine the type of ACS are:

The sphere of operation of the control object (industry, construction, transport, agriculture, non-industrial sphere, etc.)

type of process being controlled (technological, organizational, economic, etc.);

level in the system of public administration, including the management of the national economy in accordance with the current schemes for managing sectors (for industry: industry (ministry), all-Union association, all-Union industrial association, scientific and production association, enterprise (organization), production, workshop, site, technological unit).

ACS functions

The functions of the automated control system are set in the terms of reference for the creation of a specific automated control system based on the analysis of management goals, the specified resources to achieve them, the expected effect of automation and in accordance with the standards applicable to this type of automated control system. Each ACS function is implemented by a set of task complexes, individual tasks and operations. The functions of the automated control system in the general case include the following elements (actions):

Planning and (or) forecasting;

Accounting, control, analysis;

· coordination and (or) regulation.

The required composition of elements is selected depending on the type of a particular automated control system. ACS functions can be combined into subsystems according to functional and other features.

Automated control systems.

Answer the questions:

What is an Automated Control System (ACS)?

Who was the first creator of ACS?

What is the main task of the ACS?

List the goals of management automation?

What is ASU made of?

On what grounds is ACS divided?

List Classes of ACS structures?

What is the main feature of the centralized dispersed structure?

What are the advantages of a centralized dispersed structure?

List the tasks of the hierarchical structure?

List the types of ACS?

Give examples of ACS?

For a score of "5" - 11-12 complete answers to questions, for "4" - 10 complete answers to questions, "3" - at least 9 complete answers to questions. Good luck

Automated control system (abbreviatedACS ) - a complex of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the technological process, production, enterprise. ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport, etc. The term "automated", in contrast to the term "automatic", emphasizes the preservation of some functions by the human operator, either of the most general, goal-setting nature, or not amenable to automation. ACS with(DSS) are the main tool for improving the validity of management decisions.

The creator of the first automated control systems in the USSR is a doctor of economic sciences, professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, founder of the scientific school(1913-1998) . In 1962-1967. in the position of director of the Central Research Institute of Technical Management (TsNIITU), being also a member of the collegium of the USSR Ministry of Instrument Engineering, he led the introduction of the country's first automated production control systems at machine-building enterprises. Actively fought against ideological PR campaigns on the introduction of expensive computers, instead of creating real automated control systems to improve the efficiency of production management.

Goals of management automation

In the general case, the management system can be considered as a set of interrelated management processes and objects. The generalized goal of management automation is to increase the efficiency of using potential opportunities. Thus, a number of goals can be distinguished: Providing the decision maker (DM) with relevant data for decision making

Accelerating the performance of individual data collection and processing operations

Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker must make

Increasing the level of control and performance discipline

Improving the efficiency of management

Reducing the costs of decision makers for the implementation of auxiliary processes

Increasing the degree of validity of decisions made

Composition of ACS

The ACS includes the following types of support: information, software, technical, organizational, metrological, legal and linguistic.

Main classification features

The main classification features that determine the type of ACS are:

scope of operation of the control object (industry, construction, transport, agriculture, non-industrial sector, etc.)

type of controlled process (technological, organizational, economic, etc.);

level in the public administration system, including the management of the national economy in accordance with the current sectoral management schemes (for industry: industry (ministry), all-union association, all-union industrial association, scientific and production association, enterprise (organization), production, workshop, site, technological unit).

ACS functions

planning and (or) forecasting;

accounting, control, analysis;

coordination and/or regulation.

Functions in the formation of control actions

Information processing functions (computing functions) - carry out accounting, control, storage, search, display, replication, transformation of the form of information;

Information exchange (transfer) functions - are associated with bringing the generated control actions to the OS and exchanging information with the decision maker;

A group of decision-making functions (information content transformation) - the creation of new information in the course of analysis, forecasting or operational management of an object

Classes of ACS structures

In the field of industrial production, from the standpoint of management, the following main classes of structures of control systems can be distinguished: decentralized, centralized, centralized dispersed and hierarchical]

Decentralized structure

Building a system with such a structure is effective in automating technologically independent control objects for material, energy, information and other resources. Such a system is a combination of several independent systems with its own information and algorithmic base.

To develop a control action on each control object, information about the state of only this object is needed.

Centralized structure

The centralized structure implements all object management processes in a single control body, which collects and processes information about managed objects and, based on their analysis, generates control signals in accordance with the system criteria. The appearance of this class of structures is associated with an increase in the number of controlled, adjustable and manageable parameters and, as a rule, with the territorial dispersal of the control object.

The advantages of a centralized structure are a fairly simple implementation of information interaction processes; the fundamental possibility of optimal control of the system as a whole; fairly easy correction of rapidly changing input parameters; the possibility of achieving maximum operational efficiency with minimal redundancy of technical controls.

The disadvantages of a centralized structure are as follows: the need for high reliability and performance of technical controls to achieve an acceptable quality of control; high total length of communication channels in the presence of territorial dispersal of control objects.

Centralized distributed structure

The main feature of this structure is the preservation of the principle of centralized control, that is, the development of control actions on each control object based on information about the states of the entire set of control objects. Some functional devices of the control system are common to all channels of the system and are connected to individual devices of the channel with the help of switches, forming a closed control loop.

The control algorithm in this case consists of a set of interrelated object control algorithms, which are implemented by a set of mutually related controls. In the process of functioning, each control body receives and processes the relevant information, as well as the issuance of control signals to subordinate objects. To implement management functions, each local body, as necessary, enters into the process of information interaction with other management bodies. The advantages of such a structure are: reducing the requirements for performance and reliability of each processing and control center without compromising the quality of control; reduction in the total length of communication channels.

The disadvantages of the system are as follows: the complication of information processes in the control system due to the need to exchange data between processing and control centers, as well as adjusting the stored information; redundancy of technical means intended for information processing; complexity of synchronization of information exchange processes.

Hierarchical structure

With an increase in the number of control tasks in complex systems, the amount of processed information increases significantly and the complexity of control algorithms increases. As a result, it is impossible to manage centrally, since there is a discrepancy between the complexity of the managed object and the ability of any governing body to receive and process information.

In addition, in such systems, the following groups of tasks can be distinguished, each of which is characterized by the corresponding requirements for the response time to events occurring in the controlled process:

tasks of collecting data from the control object and direct digital control (reaction time, seconds, fractions of a second);

extreme control tasks related to the calculation of the desired parameters of the controlled process and the required values of the regulator settings, with the logical tasks of starting and stopping the units, etc. (reaction time - seconds, minutes);

tasks of optimization and adaptive process control, technical and economic tasks (reaction time - a few seconds);

information tasks for administrative management, tasks of dispatching and coordination on the scale of a workshop, enterprise, planning tasks, etc. (reaction time - hours).

Obviously, the hierarchy of control tasks leads to the need to create a hierarchical system of controls. Such a division, allowing each local government to cope with information difficulties, creates the need to coordinate the decisions made by these bodies, that is, the creation of a new governing body over them. At each level, the maximum correspondence of the characteristics of technical means to a given class of tasks should be ensured.

In addition, many production systems have their own hierarchy, which arises under the influence of objective trends in scientific and technological progress, concentration and specialization of production, which contribute to an increase in the efficiency of social production. Most often, the hierarchical structure of the control object does not coincide with the hierarchy of the control system. Consequently, as the complexity of systems grows, a hierarchical control pyramid is built. Controlled processes in a complex control object require the timely formation of the right decisions that would lead to the set goals, be taken in a timely manner, and be mutually agreed upon. Each such solution requires the formulation of an appropriate control problem. Their combination forms a hierarchy of control tasks, which in some cases is much more complicated than the hierarchy of the control object.

Types of ACS

Automated process control system or - solves the problems of operational management and control of technical objects in industry, energy, transport.

Automated production control system ( ACS P ) - solves the problems of organizing production, including the main production processes, incoming and outgoing logistics. Carries out short-term planning of production taking into account production capacities, analysis of product quality, modeling of the production process. To solve these problems, apply

Automated control systems ACS ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport, etc. as director of the Central Research Institute of Technical Management of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Technology, being also a member of the board of the Ministry of Instrument Engineering of the USSR, he led the introduction of the country's first automated production control systems at machine-building enterprises. He actively fought against ideological PR actions to introduce expensive computers instead of creating real automated control systems to increase ...

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AUTOMATED AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

Automated control system (ACS) and automatic And control system (ACS) a set of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the framework of technical O logical process, production, enterprise.

Automated control systems (ACS)

ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport, etc. The term automated, in contrast to the term automatic e Skye emphasizes the preservation of certain functions for the human operator, l And more of the most general, goal-setting nature, or not amenable to automatic and tizations. ACS with Decision support system(DMSS), are the main V nym tool to improve the validity of management decisions.

The creator of the first automated control systems in the USSR is a doctor of economic sciences, professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, principal O the founder of the scientific schoolstrategic planningNikolai Ivanovich Veduta(19131998). In 19621967. in the position of director of the Central Research Institute of Technical Management (TsNIITU), being also a member of the collegium of the Ministry of Instrument Engineering of the USSR, he supervised the implementation And We eat the country's first automated production control systems at machine-building enterprises. Actively fought against ideological PR campaigns on the introduction of expensive computers, instead of creating real automated control systems to improve the efficiency of production management.

The most important task of the automated control system is to increase the efficiency of facility management based on the growth of labor productivity and the improvement of plan methods. And management process. There are ACS objects (technological O cesses-APCS, enterprise-APCS, industry-OAPS) and functional auto O matizirovannye systems, for example, the design of planned calculations, mat e real-technical supply, etc.

Goals of management automation

In the general case, the control system can be considered in the form of O a set of interconnected management processes and objects. The generalized goal of control automation is to increase the efficiency of using O potentialitiescontrol object. Thus, a number of goals can be distinguished:

Providing the decision maker decision maker) relevant yes n decision-making
Acceleration of individual collection and processing operations yes these
Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker must make
Increasing the level of control and performance discipline
Improving the efficiency of management
Reducing the costs of decision makers for the implementation of auxiliary processes
Increasing the degree of validity of decisions made

Composition of ACS

The structure of the automated control system includes the following types of support: information, pr O grammatical, technical, organizational, metrological, legal and linguistic and static.

Main classification features

The main classification features that determine the type of ACS are:

scope of operation of the control object (industry, construction And government, transport, agriculture, non-industrial sector, etc.)
type of controlled process (technological, organizational, economic o mic, etc.);
level in the public administration system, including the management of the national economy in accordance with the current management schemes about T industries (for industry: industry (ministry), all-Union association e nie, all-union industrial association, research and production association And nenie, enterprise (organization), production, workshop, site, technological unit).

ACS functions

The functions of the automated control system are set in the terms of reference for the creation of concrete T ACS based on the analysis of management goals, specified resources to achieve them And the expected effect of automation and in accordance with the standards applicable to this type of automated control system. Each ACS function is implemented with O a set of task complexes, individual tasks and operations. ACS functions in b In general, they include the following elements (actions):

planning and (or) forecasting;
accounting, control, analysis;
coordination and/or regulation.

The required composition of the elements is selected depending on the type of concrete. T Noah ACS. ACS functions can be combined into subsystems according to functional and other features.

Functions in the formation of control actions

Information processing functions (computing functions) implementation V accounting, control, storage, search, display, replication, transformation O the form of information;
The functions of information exchange (transfer) are associated with bringing the expression A botanical control actions to OS and exchange of information with decision makers;
A group of decision functions (conversion of the content of info R mation) creation of new information in the course of analysis, forecasting or op e effective management of the facility

Classes of ACS structures

In the field of industrial production, from the standpoint of management, one can e pour the following main classes of structures of control systems: decentralization O bathroom, centralized, centralized dispersed and hierarchical e sku.

Decentralized structure

Building a system with such a structure is effective in automating technologically independent control objects in terms of material, energy e skim, information and other resources. Such a system is a combination of several independent systems with their own information and algorithms. O rhythmic base.

To develop a control action on each control object, information about the state of only this object is needed.

Centralized structure

The centralized structure implements all object management processes in a single control body, which collects and processes information about managed objects and, based on their analysis, in the T in accordance with the criteria of the system, it generates control signals. The emergence of this class of structures is associated with an increase in the number of controlled, regulated e controllable and controlled parameters and, as a rule, with a territorial dispersal O the value of the control object.

The advantages of a centralized structure are a fairly simple implementation of information interaction processes; fundamental in h the possibility of optimal control of the system as a whole; quite easy corre To tion of rapidly changing input parameters; the possibility of achieving ma To maximum operational efficiency with minimal redundancy of technical controls.

The disadvantages of a centralized structure are as follows: the need for high O which reliability and performance of technical controls for d O achieving an acceptable quality of management; high total length of communication channels in the presence of territorial dispersal of control objects.

Centralized distributed structure

The main feature of this structure is the preservation of the principle of the center A lysed management, i.e. development of control actions on each control object based on information about the states of the entire set of objects To Comrade management. Some functional devices of the control system V They are common for all channels of the system and are connected to individual devices of the channel with the help of switches, forming a closed control loop.

The control algorithm in this case consists of a set of interconnections n algorithms for managing objects that are implemented by a set of A directly related authorities. In the process of functioning, each control body receives and processes the relevant information, as well as the issuance of control signals to subordinate objects. For real And management functions, each local body, as necessary, enters into the process of information interaction with other management bodies V leniya. The advantages of such a structure are: reduced requirements for the performance and reliability of each processing and control center without compromising the quality of control; reduction in the total length of communication channels.

The disadvantages of the system are as follows: complication of information procedures With owls in the control system due to the need to exchange data between processing and control centers, as well as adjust stored information; redundant h ness of technical means intended for information processing; layer and ness of synchronization of information exchange processes.

Hierarchical structure

With the growth in the number of control tasks in complex systems, the And the volume of processed information increases and the complexity of the algorithm increases. T mov control. As a result, centralized control of the h possible, since there is a discrepancy between the complexity of the managed object and the ability of any governing body to receive and process s vot information.

In addition, in such systems, the following groups of tasks can be distinguished, each of which is characterized by the corresponding requirements for response time to events occurring in the controlled process:

tasks of collecting data from the control object and direct digital control (reaction time, seconds, fractions of a second);

extreme control problems related to the calculation of the desired parameters of the controlled process and the required values of the controller settings, with the logical problems of starting and stopping the units, etc. (response time seconds, minutes);

tasks of optimization and adaptive process control, technical and economic tasks (reaction time a few seconds);

information tasks for administrative management, tasks of dispatching and coordination on the scale of a workshop, enterprise, planning tasks, etc. (reaction time hours).

Obviously, the hierarchy of control tasks leads to the need to create a hierarchical system of controls. Such separation, allowing each local government to cope with information difficulties, creates the need to coordinate the decisions made by these bodies, i.e., create a new governing body over them. At each level, the maximum correspondence of the characteristics of technical means to a given class of tasks should be ensured.

Types of ACS

Automated process control system or APCS solves the problems of operational management and control of technical facilities in industry, energy, and transport.
Automated production control system(ACS P ) solves the problems of organizing production, including the main production processes, incoming and outgoing logistics.Carries out short-term planning of production taking into account production capacities, analysis of product quality, modeling of the production process. To solve these problems, apply MIS and MES systems, and LIMS systems.

Examples:

Automated street lighting control system(“ASU UO”) is designed to organize the automation of centralized control of street lighting.
- Automated outdoor lighting control system("ASUNO") is designed to organize automation of centralized control of outdoor lighting.
- Automated traffic control system or ACS DD designed to control vehicles and pedestrian flows on the road network of a city or motorway
Automated enterprise management system or ASUP to solve these problems, MRP, MRP II and ERP systems. If the enterprise is an educational institution, applylearning management systems.

Examples:

« Hotel management system". Along with this name, PMS Property Management System is used.
- « Automated operational risk management system» is a software containing a set of tools necessary to solve the problems of managing the operational risks of enterprises: from collecting data to reporting and building forecasts.

Automatic control systems (ACS)

Types of automatic control systems

The automatic control system, as a rule, consists of two main elements of the control object and the control device.

ACS can be divided:

According to the purpose of management

Control objectchanging the state of an object in accordance with a given control law. Such a change occurs as a result of external factors, for example, due to control or disturbing influences.

A) Automatic control systems

Automatic stabilization systems. The output value is maintained at a constant level (setpoint constant ). Deviations occur due to disturbances and when turned on.
Program control systems. The set value changes according to a predetermined program law f. Along with the errors encountered in automatic control systems, there are also errors from inertia regulator .
tracking systems. The input effect is unknown. It is determined only during the operation of the system. Errors are highly dependent on the type functions f(t).

B) Systems of extreme regulation

Able to supportextreme valuesome criterion (for example, minimum or maximum) characterizing quality functioning of the object. The criterion of quality, which is usually calledobjective function, an indicator of an extremum or extreme characteristic, can be either directly measuredphysical quantity(for example, temperature, current, voltage, humidity, pressure), or efficiency, performance and etc.

Allocate:

Systems with extreme relay action controller. The universal extremal controller should be a highly scalable device capable of performing a large number of calculations in accordance with various methods.
- The Signum regulator is used as an analog quality analyzer that unambiguously characterizes only one adjustable parameter of the systems. It consists of two devices connected in series: Signum-relay ( D flip-flop ) and executive engine ( integrator).
- Extreme systems with a non-inertial object
- Extreme systems with inertial object
- Extremal systems with floating characteristic. Used when extremum changes in an unpredictable or difficult to identify way.
Systems with a synchronous detector (extreme systems of continuous action). The forward channel hasdifferentiator, which does not pass the constant component. For some reason, this link cannot be removed or shunted or is not applicable. To ensure the operability of the system, modulation of the driving influence and signal coding in the direct channel are used, and after the differentiating link,synchronous phase detector.

C) Adaptive automatic control systems

They serve to ensure the desired quality of the process with a wide range of changes in the characteristics of control objects and disturbances.

By type of information in the control device

A) Closed ACS

In closed automatic control systems, the control action is formed in direct dependence on the controlled value. The connection between the input of a system and its output is called feedback . The feedback signal is subtracted from the command input. This kind of feedback is called negative .

B) Open ACS

The essence of the open-loop control principle is hard given control program. That is, control is carried out "blindly", without monitoring the result, based only on the model of the controlled object embedded in the ACS. Examples of such systems: timer , traffic light control box, automatic lawn watering system, automatic washing machine, etc.

In turn, there are:

Open-loop by setting action
Disturbed open

Characteristics of the ACS

Depending on the description of the variables, the systems are divided into linear and non-linear . Linear systems include systems consisting of elements of description, which are given by linear algebraic ordifferential equations.

If all parameters of the equation of motion of the system do not change in time, then such a system is called stationary . If at least one parameter of the equation of motion of the system changes during time , then the system is called non-stationary or with variable parameters.

Systems in which external (setting) influences are defined and are described by continuous or discrete functions in time belong to the classdeterministic systems.

Systems in which random signal or parametric influences take place and are described by stochastic differential or difference equations belong to the class stochastic systems.

If there is at least one element in the system, the description of which is given by the equationpartial derivatives, then the system belongs to the class of systemswith distributed variables.

Systems in which continuous dynamics generated at each moment of time are interspersed with discrete commands sent from outside are calledhybrid systems.

Examples of automatic control systems

depending on the naturemanaged objectsone can single out biological, ecological, economic and technical control systems. Examples of technical management include:

Discrete action systems or vending machines (vending, gaming, musical).
Stabilization systems sound, picture or magnetic recording. It can be controlled complexesaircraft, which include automatic control systems engine, steering mechanisms, autopilots and navigation systems.

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Target: get an idea about automatic and automated control systems in the socio-economic field of activity.

Equipment: PC

Software: Microsoft Office 2010: MS Point, Internet Explorer

Theoretical information for practical work

Automated control system or ACS - a complex of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the technological process, production, enterprise. ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport and the like.

The creator of the first automated control systems in the USSR is Nikolai Ivanovich Veduta (1913-1998), Doctor of Economics, professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, founder of the scientific school of strategic planning. In 1962-1967. in the position of director of the Central Research Institute of Technical Management (TsNIITU), being also a member of the collegium of the USSR Ministry of Instrument Engineering, he led the introduction of the country's first automated production control systems at machine-building enterprises. Actively fought against ideological PR campaigns on the introduction of expensive computers, instead of creating real automated control systems to improve the efficiency of production management.

The most important task of the ACS is increasing the efficiency of facility management based on the growth of labor productivity and improving the methods of planning the management process.

Goals of management automation

The generalized goal of control automation is to increase the efficiency of using the potential capabilities of the control object. Thus, a number of goals can be distinguished:

1. Providing the decision maker (DM) with adequate data for decision making.

2. Accelerating the execution of individual operations for the collection and processing of data.

3. Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker must make.

4. Increasing the level of control and performance discipline.

5. Increasing the efficiency of management.

6. Reducing the cost of decision makers for the implementation of auxiliary processes.

7. Increasing the degree of validity of decisions made.

The ACS includes the following types of collateral :

informational,

software,

technical,

organizational,

metrological,

legal,

Linguistic.

Main classification features

The main classification features that determine the type of ACS are:

Ø the scope of operation of the control object (industry, construction, transport, agriculture, non-industrial sector, and so on);

Ø type of controlled process (technological, organizational, economic, and so on);

Ø level in the public administration system, including the management of the national economy in accordance with the current sectoral management schemes (for industry: industry (ministry), all-union association, all-union industrial association, scientific and production association, enterprise (organization), production, workshop, site, technological unit).

ACS functions

The functions of the automated control system in the general case include the following elements (actions):

Ø planning and (or) forecasting;

Ø accounting, control, analysis;

Ø coordination and (or) regulation.

Types of ACS

ÿ Automated process control system or APCS- solves the problems of operational management and control of technical objects in industry, energy, transport.

ÿ Automated production control system (ACS P) - solves the problems of organizing production, including the main production processes, incoming and outgoing logistics. Carries out short-term planning of production taking into account production capacities, analysis of product quality, modeling of the production process.

Examples:

· Automated street lighting control system("ASU UO") - designed to organize the automation of centralized control of street lighting.

· Automated outdoor lighting control system("ASUNO") - designed to organize the automation of centralized control of outdoor lighting.

· Automated traffic control system or ACS DD– designed to control vehicles and pedestrian flows on the road network of a city or highway

· Automated enterprise management system or ASUP– To solve these problems, MRP, MRP II and ERP systems are used. If the enterprise is an educational institution, learning management systems are applied.

· Automatic control system for hotels.

· Automated operational risk management system– this is software containing a set of tools necessary for solving the problems of managing operational risks of enterprises: from data collection to reporting and forecasting.

Task number 1.

1. View the presentation " Automated control systems”(located on a network drive of a computer), which presents types of automated control systems. Use hyperlinks to navigate to web pages that provide examples of automated control systems.

2. Watch some videos as an example of factory automation.

Task number 2. Answer the questions:

1) What is called an automated control system?	A complex of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the technological process, production, enterprise. ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport and the like.
2) What task do automated control systems solve?	increasing the efficiency of facility management based on the growth of labor productivity and improving the methods of planning the management process.
3) What are the goals of ACS?	Providing the decision maker (DM) with adequate data for decision making. Accelerating the performance of individual data collection and processing operations. Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker must make. Increasing the level of control and performance discipline. Improving the efficiency of management. Reducing the costs of the decision maker for the implementation of auxiliary processes. Increasing the degree of validity of decisions made
4) What functions are carried out by ACS?	The functions of the automated control system in the general case include the following elements (actions): Ø planning and (or) forecasting; Ø accounting, control, analysis; Ø coordination and (or) regulation.
5) Give examples of automated control systems.	· Automated control system for street lighting ("ASU UO") - designed to organize the automation of centralized control of street lighting. · Automated control system for outdoor lighting ("ASUNO") - designed to organize the automation of centralized control of outdoor lighting.

Task number 3. Draw a conclusion about the work done:

Practice #11

Practical work No. 16

Subject: ACS for various purposes, examples of their use. Demonstration of the use of various types of automated control systems in practice in the technical field of activity

Goal of the work: get an idea about automatic and automated control systems in the technical field of activity.

Theoretical information for practical work

Automated control system or ACS - a complex of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the technological process, production, enterprise. ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport and the like.

The most important task of the automated control system is to increase the efficiency of facility management based on the growth of labor productivity and improvement of methods for planning the management process.

Goals of management automation

The generalized goal of control automation is to increase the efficiency of using the potential capabilities of the control object. Thus, a number of goals can be distinguished:

Providing the decision maker (DM) with adequate data for decision making.

Accelerating the performance of individual data collection and processing operations.

Reducing the number of decisions that the decision maker must make.

Increasing the level of control and performance discipline.

Improving the efficiency of management.

Reducing the costs of the decision maker for the implementation of auxiliary processes.

Increasing the degree of validity of decisions made.

The ACS includes the following types of collateral:

information,

software,

technical,

organizational,

metrological,

legal,

linguistic.

Main classification features

The main classification features that determine the type of ACS are:

the scope of operation of the control object (industry, construction, transport, agriculture, non-industrial sector, and so on);

type of controlled process (technological, organizational, economic, and so on);

ACS functions

The functions of the automated control system in the general case include the following elements (actions):

planning and (or) forecasting;

accounting, control, analysis;

coordination and/or regulation.

Types of ACS

Automated process control system or automated process control system - solves the problems of operational management and control of technical objects in industry, energy, and transport.

Automated production management system (ACS P) - solves the problems of organizing production, including the main production processes, incoming and outgoing logistics. Carries out short-term planning of production taking into account production capacities, analysis of product quality, modeling of the production process.

Examples:

Automated street lighting control system (“ACS UO”) is designed to organize automation of centralized control of street lighting.

Automated control system for outdoor lighting ("ASUNO") - designed to organize automation of centralized control of outdoor lighting.

Automated traffic control system or ACS DD - designed to control vehicles and pedestrian flows on the road network of a city or highway

Automated enterprise management system or automated control system - MRP, MRP II and ERP systems are used to solve these problems. If the enterprise is an educational institution, learning management systems are applied.

Automatic control system for hotels.

An automated operational risk management system is software that contains a set of tools necessary to solve problems. management of operational risks of enterprises: from data collection to reporting and forecasting.

Task number 1.

Use hyperlinks to navigate to web pages that provide examples of automated control systems.

Task number 2.

Answer the questions:

What is an automated control system?

What is the purpose of automated control systems?

What are the goals of ACS?

What are the functions of the ACS?

Give examples of automated control systems.

Task number 3. Make a conclusion about the work done:

Control questions:

What is ASU?