Herpes genital affects the general analysis of blood. Symptoms of genital herpes. Diagnostic methods. Genital herpes - what tests are taken and where

Depending on the stage of the disease, the analysis for genital herpes can be carried out in different ways. Many people think that with severe symptoms, you can only get by with a doctor's examination, but in fact, additional diagnostics are necessary, because in addition to a herpes infection, other STD pathogens may be present in the body.

In this article, we will learn about how genital herpes manifests itself and consider the possible types of studies used to diagnose it, as well as get acquainted with the methods of treatment of this disease.

The causative agent of genital herpes is the herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 (read more). The disease is characterized by a viral infection of the mucous membranes of the genital organs.

When a pathogen enters the body, it migrates to the nerve ganglia and “fixes” there forever. Genital herpes is capable of frequent periods of exacerbations, in addition, it can lead to serious complications, especially for women who are carrying a child.

Transmission of genital herpes is carried out sexually, infection through damaged mucous membranes and skin is possible.

HSV can also be transmitted:

• by airborne droplets;
• from a sick mother to a child;
• household way;
• during self-infection.

Most often, primary infection with the virus occurs in childhood(read more), secondary infection is more common during unprotected sexual intercourse against the background of early sexual activity and promiscuity.

The risk factors considered by venereology are:

• the presence of other STDs;
• decreased immunity;
• surgical termination of pregnancies, the use of IUDs;
• gender ().

Before you take tests for genital herpes, you need to find out what manifestations this disease has.

During the initial outbreak, the following symptoms are observed:

• swelling and redness in the affected area;
• pain, tingling, burning;
• feeling unwell;
• headache and muscle pain;
• a slight increase in temperature;
• the formation of small bubbles with liquid inside;
• the formation of ulcerative-erosive elements after rupture of the bubbles;
• painful urination with localization of the rash on the genitals.

Healing of elements occurs within 1-2 weeks. With relapses, the symptoms are less pronounced, repeated outbreaks occur in 50-70% of those who have had primary genital herpes.

Methods for diagnosing genital herpes

Diagnosis of genital herpes is not too difficult a process due to the characteristic clinical picture and the abundance of research types. Before informing the patient what tests should be taken for genital herpes, the specialist collects anamnesis and examination, during which he notes the manifestations characteristic of this disease.

After that, the doctor proceeds to prescribe tests to confirm the diagnosis, such as:

1. Blood test for genital herpes by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). This study helps to detect antibodies to HSV, to identify the asymptomatic course of the disease. Antibodies begin to be produced when the pathogen enters the body. Although this test for genital herpes is very common, it also has some disadvantages: the virus can only be detected at the end of the incubation period, which for genital herpes can be 2-4 weeks. If a primary infection or another exacerbation occurs, IgM will be found in the blood, and in a chronic course - IgG.
   Instructions for preparation is not difficult. Blood is taken from a vein on an empty stomach, for several days it is recommended to limit physical activity and the use of alcoholic beverages.
2. If there is a suspicion of herpes, genital diagnosis can be carried out by the cultural method. The sampling of biomaterial is carried out by the method of scraping or smear, after which it is sown on nutrient media and the grown colonies are examined. One of the features of this research method is the development of HSV only in living cells. In order to conduct this analysis for genital herpes, chicken embryos are most often used, infecting them in various ways. Culture research is one of the most reliable options, but at the same time the most time-consuming, and its price is quite high in relation to other types of analysis.
   Preparation for the study includes abstinence from sexual intercourse, as well as refraining from the use of drugs for topical treatment.
3. Diagnosis of genital herpes by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - almost any biological fluid can be used for this analysis. The required region of the virus is subject to repeated cloning, but only if it is present in the test sample. In order to detect genital herpes, diagnosis using the PCR method can be used in the early stages of the disease.

Note! You can’t prescribe tests and treatment for yourself with your own hands, since the information received may not fully or correctly reflect the picture of the disease.

Ways to treat genital herpes

After the tests for genital herpes were passed and the results confirmed the presence of the virus in the body, they proceed to prescribing treatment. Its main principle is to suppress the reproduction of the virus, identify factors that affect the frequency of exacerbations and increase immunity.

As a therapy, the use of antiviral agents (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir), which suppress the activity of the virus and shorten the duration of the disease, as well as interferon preparations aimed at increasing immunity, and, consequently, reducing the number of relapses, is indicated.

In some cases, the use of antiviral ointments for topical treatment is allowed, but their effectiveness against genital herpes is not too great. In the case of combined ointments, which include both an antiviral drug and an interferon drug (for example, herpferon), the effectiveness is higher, relief of local manifestations is noted already on the fifth day.

From the photos and videos in this article, we learned about the symptoms of genital herpes and the main diagnostic methods that allow us to identify the virus in the body.

Frequently asked questions to the doctor

Other tests

Hello. Is it possible to diagnose genital herpes with the help of some other tests?

Good evening. In the types of diagnosis of genital herpes, there is another method - the Tzank test. The basis of this method is the search for Tzank cells in smears-imprints, which are taken from erosions and vesicles after they have been stained. Cells that are affected by HSV look different than healthy ones. However, this analysis does not have high accuracy, therefore it is not used in the practice of venereology.

An analysis for herpes is mainly recommended for those who have already somehow manifested the virus. IN without fail studies are assigned for the presence of antibodies for pregnant women and couples planning to conceive a child in the near future. This is due to the fact that this type of virus is dangerous for the fetus, it can cause the development of pathologies and even the death of the baby.

Need a diagnosis or not, everyone decides for himself. Scientists have proved that having become infected with herpes once, a person will be its carrier for the rest of his life, since no cure has yet been found for this “infection”. But, if you know about the presence of the virus and apply preventive measures, you can forget about its existence for a long time and always keep the disease under control. The analysis will help to identify not only the presence of the virus, but also the degree of its development.

Symptoms

About 90% of the world's population suffers from the herpes virus to one degree or another. Science knows 8 types that have chosen the human body as their habitat. Each of them has its own symptoms and treatments. The most common is considered to be HSV types 1 and 2. They are also called colds on the lips and genital herpes.

The first is localized in the face, most often on the lips, wings of the nose, the space between the mouth and the tip of the nose. It is characterized by single rashes in the form of very painful pimples filled with a clear or cloudy liquid. The primary symptoms include itching, burning and redness of the skin at the site of the future rash. The infection develops in several stages, after infection and before the first signs appear, it may take 5-10 days. The relapse period lasts from 7 to 14 days, after which the virus "goes into hibernation" for an indefinite period of time.

Genital, or genital, herpes manifests itself in the penis, testicles, vagina, in the area of ​​​​the transition from the genitals to the anus. This type of infection is characterized by massive or single rashes, and also in the form of blisters filled with liquid. Throughout the disease, pain, burning and severe itching are present in the affected area. It should be noted that with this form of infection, the presence of obvious signs is characteristic only with the initial manifestation of the virus. In the future, the disease may be asymptomatic.

The reason for the development of the virus and its transition from the passive phase to the active one is:

weakened immunity;

disruptions in the endocrine system;

chronic diseases;

bad habits;

wrong metabolism.

Herpes simplex is transmitted by airborne droplets, by direct contact with the carrier through the skin, during sexual intercourse, oral and anal sex, through hygiene items and underwear. At the same time, the virus is not afraid of a clothing barrier, a condom will help protect only by 70%, and under certain conditions it can save vital activity outside the human body from 30 minutes to 5 days. Earlier diagnosis will help to start treatment faster, speed up the recovery process, and even help to avoid the development of the active phase.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of genital herpes and labial herpes can be visual and laboratory. At the first appointment, the doctor conducts a survey of the patient and an external examination. The presence of characteristic rashes will help to make a diagnosis without tests, but laboratory tests will help to determine the degree of development of the virus.

To identify hidden forms of herpes and clarify the diagnosis, the following tests are performed:

cultural;

enzyme immunoassay;

PCR - polymerase chain reaction.

All these studies are expensive, but give almost 100% results.

The cultural method, its implementation takes a long time, but it is very reliable. Essence: seeding is carried out on a cell culture, the culture is grown and then it is examined. For analysis, fluid is taken from the blisters. Cultures are grown in chick embryos.

The immunological method helps to identify the macromolecules of the viruses themselves and their compounds. After the virus has settled in the body, the protective system begins to produce antibodies - immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG). Their presence in the test material confirms the presence of the virus in the body. Such a diagnosis of genital herpes will help to identify the degree of development of the disease, and in other forms of infection - to determine the type of pathogen virus. Distinguish ELISA direct and indirect.

PCR is a technique associated with molecular biology, with its help in a bioassay, the number of certain DNA fragments is increased. The method helps to detect the presence of the virus not only in the blood, but also in urine, saliva and amniotic fluid. If the corresponding gene is present in the liquid, then it is cloned in the sample taken for analysis. Using this technique, you can find out whether the virus has mutated or not. PCR allows you to detect herpes immediately after infection and clearly determine the type of virus.

In addition to these methods, there is another way to detect herpes simplex - serological. True, this analysis will not allow to clarify the type of disease.

Preparation for analysis

After the referral for tests is issued, the doctor will explain what and how to do. If fluid from the blisters is required to clarify the diagnosis, then special instructions not on her fence. They came, gave up and left. Materials for determining the presence of antibodies are taken on an empty stomach.

For the results to be accurate, doctors advise not to eat the last 8 hours before going to the laboratory. Before that, it is advisable not to abuse the intake of fatty and fried foods. Before submitting materials for herpes, it is forbidden to take any medications. If this is not possible, then the doctor must be informed.

If you need to be tested for herpes again, then it is better to do it in the same clinic. In different places, different reagents and transcripts may be used. If the studies were conducted in one place, it will be more convenient for the doctor to navigate and draw the right conclusions.

Genital herpes in women

What is genital herpes?

Genital or genital herpes is a disease of the genital organs caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV or Herpes simplex virus, HSV). Now 8 types of herpes virus are known, of which the first 2 types (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause genital herpes. In 80% of cases, genital herpes is caused by HSV-2, in 20% by HSV-1 or a combination of both. The virus of the first type often causes the very first episode of genital herpes. Recurrent manifestations of genital herpes are almost always associated with HSV-2. Genital herpes usually affects the vulva, perineum and anus, and (less commonly) the vagina and cervix (vaginal and cervical herpes). In severe cases, the infection can spread to the body of the uterus and its appendages (fallopian tubes and ovaries).

How common is genital herpes in women?

Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 are infected with up to 90% of the adult population of the Earth. After infection, the herpes simplex virus enters the nerve nodes located near the spinal cord and remains there for life. However, manifestations of genital herpes appear only in a small proportion of infected people.

In the US, 3% of the population reported having an episode of genital herpes at least once in their lifetime, but tests showed that more than 20% of the population is infected with HSV-2. The overall frequency of transmission of herpes during pregnancy is 2 per 100,000 births (data for Europe).

How is genital herpes transmitted?

The main route of transmission of genital herpes is sexual. The herpes virus is transmitted both through normal genital contact (usually HSV-2) and oral (HSV-1) and anal sex (HSV-2). Infection is possible in the absence of any manifestations of the disease in the sexual partner in more than 50% of cases. The household route of infection (for example, through personal hygiene items) with genital herpes is rare. The likelihood of infection is higher if there are manifestations of herpes or damage to the skin and mucous membranes (wounds, cracks). The overall chance of a woman getting infected from an infected male partner is about 17%. Using a condom reduces this probability by almost 2 times.

Who is more likely to get genital herpes?

Genital herpes is more common in people who have one or more of the following risk factors:

decreased immunity (for example, after hypothermia, during treatment with corticosteroid hormones or chemotherapy). Decreased immunity causes the activation of the “dormant” virus in the nerve nodes and the appearance of symptoms of the disease

multiple sexual partners. This increases the likelihood of initial or re-infection with the virus. Re-infection can also cause activation of the infection.

unprotected sex (without a condom). Using a condom reduces the chance of infection.

How does genital herpes manifest in women?

The main manifestations of genital herpes are:

1. formation of small, fluid-filled vesicles. They may appear on inner surface thighs, around the anus, in the perineum, on the surface of the external genital organs, in the urethra, vagina and cervix.
   The appearance of bubbles is preceded by redness and itching of the skin. After 5-7 days, the bubbles burst. Erosions or sores are formed at the site of the burst bubbles, which gradually exfoliate and are replaced by healthy skin within 1-2 weeks.
2. Itching, burning and pain in the area where the blisters appear
3. Itching and tingling when urinating (occurs with damage to the urethra)
4. Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes
5. Fever, muscle pain, general malaise.

These signs appear only during exacerbations of genital herpes, which usually last 1-2 weeks. Throughout the rest of the time, there are no manifestations of infection.

How to diagnose genital herpes in women?

Consultation with an experienced gynecologist and a thorough examination are very important because similar signs and symptoms can occur with other infections of the genital organs or a combination of them, as well as some non-communicable diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. In addition to the patient's complaints and gynecological examination, various laboratory methods are used to diagnose genital herpes.

The most reliable methods are virological examination and gene diagnostics. In a virological study, the contents of the vesicles are placed on special cell media or in chicken embryos in which the virus multiplies. However, the problems of virological laboratory diagnostics and the low quality of cell cultures often cast doubt on the results of such studies for herpes that are currently offered in Russia.

During gene diagnostics (PCR, polymerase chain reaction is usually used), the presence of virus DNA in the discharge from the patient is determined. PCR is characterized by almost 100% sensitivity (the ability to detect the virus) and specificity (the ability to distinguish the herpes simplex virus from other viruses). In modern laboratories, it is possible to distinguish between herpes simplex viruses of the 1st and 2nd types. This is important for determining the prognosis of the disease, since HSV-2 gives repeated exacerbations much more often.

As auxiliary methods, the determination of antibodies to the virus in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) is used. Many people have antibodies to HSV-1, their detection does not indicate the presence of genital herpes or the fact of sexual transmission of the virus.

One detection of antibodies to HSV in the blood is not enough for the diagnosis of genital herpes, which is sometimes forgotten by doctors. This should not mislead the patient, especially since women are more likely to find antibodies to HSV-2 (with an average frequency of 25% in Europe). Only the presence / absence of antibodies against HSV-2 (and even more so against HSV-1) cannot unambiguously confirm or refute the infection of a woman with genital herpes without PCR data or virus isolation. From the moment of infection to the appearance of antibodies in the blood, it can take 6-12 weeks. Miscellaneous tests have their own sensitivity and specificity.

At the same time, the determination of antibodies can be very important in some difficult cases of diagnosis, during pregnancy, to determine the characteristics of the course of the disease.

The direct immunofluorescent method (DIF) for detecting virus antigens in a smear is less sensitive and specific, and is now used less often, usually when PCR is not available.

Why treat genital herpes? Risks for women

All cases of genital herpes require mandatory treatment. Otherwise, complications may develop, the main of which are:

persistence of symptoms for a long time (from several weeks to several months)

acute urinary retention due to dysuria or neuropathy

infection of the sexual partner (probability from 4%)

spread of infection throughout the body with penetration into the brain and a massive lesion internal organs. This occurs rarely, with immunodeficiency. Extragenital herpes of the skin is more often noted in different parts of the body (hands, buttocks, mammary glands), mucous membranes of the eyes, during oral sex - herpetic pharyngitis, stomatitis, cheilitis.

Together with the human papillomavirus, the herpes simplex virus increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.

Psychological and psychosexual problems can become a long-term complication of genital herpes in women - more than 70% of women in Europe noted various experiences and a tendency to depression after the first episodes of genital herpes. Therefore, the psychological support of a sick woman, her education and positive motivation are so important, which is emphasized by all modern research on the problem of herpes.

Genital herpes and pregnancy

Infection of the fetus with the herpes virus from an infected mother can occur during pregnancy, although the likelihood of transmission is generally quite low. However, with primary genital herpes, this probability can reach 50%. Most often, infection occurs during childbirth (perinatal), when the fetus passes through the birth canal affected by herpes. However, caesarean section does not exclude the transmission of herpes to the newborn.

Infection of the fetus can cause severe damage to the nervous system (35% of cases of infection), eyes and skin (45%) and lead to disability of the child and even death.

The overall frequency of herpes transmission to newborns from infected mothers is as high as 5%. The presence of antibodies to HSV-2 is associated with a lower risk of contracting herpes during pregnancy.

The approach to the management of pregnant women with infection due to herpes viruses should be very cautious. Active antiviral therapy for herpes during pregnancy is not always possible and is carried out only as prescribed by the attending physician and under his supervision.

Treatment of genital herpes

Treatment of genital herpes does not lead to the complete disappearance of the virus in the body, but allows you to quickly eliminate the manifestations of the disease and can reduce the frequency of new exacerbations.

The main method of treatment of genital herpes in both men and women is the use of special antiherpetic drugs: antiviral chemotherapy.

Four drugs have proven efficacy in herpes: acyclovir (Zovirax and its analogues), valaciclovir (Valtrex), famaciclovir (Famvir) and penciclovir (Denavir). Of these, only the first 3 drugs are registered in Russia. The most commonly used is acyclovir. The earlier the drugs are prescribed, the greater the effectiveness of the treatment. Maximum efficiency is achieved at the beginning of treatment on the first day after the appearance of rashes or immediately before their appearance.

With frequent exacerbations (more than 6 times a year), long-term prophylactic (supportive) treatment is carried out for several months. This treatment can reduce the frequency of relapses by 75% and reduce the severity of recurrent exacerbations. Since the treatment will be complex and lengthy, the decision on the choice and prescription of drugs for the prevention of relapse is made by the attending physician, taking into account various factors, including psychological aspects and the patient's motivation.

The choice of any medicinal products in addition to specific antiviral therapy must be strictly justified.

The prescription of other drugs (immunomodulators, adaptogens, interferon inducers, and others) widely practiced in our country is not an evidence-based practice, and often has no scientific basis. We urge you to be wary of suggestions to "boost immunity" or "completely cleanse the body" of herpes - at least ask on what basis you can expect an effect from them, and how they have been studied in herpes.

There is also no vaccine against herpes that has proven efficacy and safety in genital infections.

With genital herpes, symptomatic therapy is possible: local treatment to reduce the symptoms of herpes (pain, burning, itching), it is possible to use mild analgesics.

Remember that a 100% guarantee of a complete and one-time cure for genital herpes is unrealistic, and her suggestions may indicate an incompetent or dishonest approach to treatment.

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The right information in 3 minutes (video)

How to treat genital herpes, medication and folk methods

Herpes is infectious disease caused by the virus of the same name. Once in the body, it is embedded inside the cells, which weakens the usual immune defense. Under certain circumstances and a sharp decrease in immunity, genital herpes appears, the treatment of which causes difficulties.

Currently, 8 types of this virus (HSV) are known to exist. The causative agents of the genital form are HSV-2 (80% of cases) and HSV-1.

During the absence of clinical manifestations, carriers of the virus are not able to infect their partners.

Causes of genital herpes

The disease is more often transmitted through sexual contact, both normal and during anal sex. In rare cases, infection occurs through personal hygiene items.

Genital herpes can be contracted from a partner with herpetic sores in the mouth area, since oral contact with the genitals spreads the infection from the lips to the genitals.

Risk factors that increase the chance of contracting this disease:

Violation of the immune system due to illness, stressful situations or taking medications.

Minor damage to the mucous membranes and skin.

Simultaneous presence of several sexual partners.

Having sex without a condom.

Characteristic symptoms

Symptoms and treatment of genital herpes have their own characteristics. With primary infection with HPV-2, the disease in 90% of cases proceeds in a latent form. Therefore, the first episode of herpes, in fact, is a relapse.

It can be provoked by sexual contact, a stressful situation, infection, hypothermia, alcohol abuse, as well as surgical interventions under general or local anesthesia.

With genital herpes in the fairer sex, the rash is localized:

near the external opening of the urethra;

on the eve of the vagina and on the labia;

on the cervix;

near the anus or in the buttocks.

In men, with an exacerbation of herpes, the rash is located on the skin or mucous membranes:

scrotum;

around the anus or on the thighs;

on the glans or foreskin of the penis.

With primary infection with herpes, the incubation period is up to 8 days. Then, the following symptoms appear:

itching, redness and burning in the genital area;

small vesicles filled with a cloudy liquid form on the skin or mucous membrane;

bursting bubbles are transformed into small erosions or ulcers covered with a crust;

sensation of itching and tingling during urination;

with damage to the cervix, the mucosa becomes hyperemic, erosive, with purulent discharge;

lymph nodes in the groin are enlarged.

Sometimes there is a general weakness, malaise. It may take up to 30 days for the symptoms of the disease to completely disappear. Effective treatment of genital herpes shortens this period.

With secondary infection, the disease manifests itself with similar symptoms. Once in the human body, the virus turns it into a carrier of the disease. In this case, periods of remission are replaced by exacerbations.

The herpes virus lives in the spinal nerve ganglions, and not on the mucous membranes and skin, therefore, before the appearance of rashes, precursor symptoms occur in the form of pulling pain along the nerve ganglions, itching and burning in the area where the rash appears.

Noticed unpleasant symptoms, but do not know which doctor treats genital herpes? If there are signs of this disease, women should contact a gynecologist, and men - a urologist or andrologist.

The virus received from a partner does not always lead to rashes, the state of the immune system plays a decisive role in this.

Diagnosis of the disease

Depending on the state of immunity, there are three types of recurrent course of the disease: arrhythmic, monotonous and subsiding.

With atypical genital herpes, its symptoms are disguised as other diseases, and with an asymptomatic course, the disease can only be recognized with the help of special tests.

To properly diagnose the disease and learn how to cure genital herpes, you need to contact a specialist. In addition to collecting an anamnesis, a number of laboratory tests are performed to determine the type of herpes.

For virological examination, the contents of the vesicles are taken and placed in a special environment where the pathogen multiplies. This method is not very accurate, so its results are often questioned.

More reliable information is provided by gene diagnostics, which uses a polymerase chain reaction (the presence of virus DNA is determined).

The analysis allows you to identify the pathogen and distinguish it from others. As an auxiliary method, enzyme immunoassay is used, which determines the presence of antibodies to the virus in the patient's blood.

Herpes treatment

Many are interested in the question of how to cure genital herpes forever? Unfortunately, it will not be possible to completely get rid of the disease, since the virus, entering the body, remains there. With the help of drugs, you can only quickly eliminate the clinical manifestations of the disease and prolong the period of remission.

Medical treatment

Therapy is carried out with tableted drugs, as well as ointments for external use.

Effective drugs for the treatment of genital herpes:

• Acyclovir (Acivir, Zovirax, Acyclovir-BSM, Virolex, Lizavir, Cyclovax);
• "Famciclovir" ("Valtrex");
• "Penciclovir".

There are two ways to use antiviral drugs - in the form of an episodic appointment (short course up to 10 days) and preventive (within a month or two).

More often in medical practice they use "Acyclovir" (in tablets or capsules) and its analogues. Adult patients are prescribed a therapeutic dose of the drug, according to the instructions. Taking medication early in the course of the disease helps prevent the rash.

If you start treatment after the appearance of bubbles, then the symptoms will become less pronounced, and healing will occur faster. With frequent relapses of the disease, it is worth taking antiviral drugs for prevention.

How to treat genital herpes with topical products? For this, ointments are used as part of the complex therapy of the disease:

• "Acyclovir";
• "Zovirax";
• Virolex;
• "Fukortsin" (if the skin is affected);
• Oxolinic ointment.

Together with antiviral agents, immunomodulators are prescribed:

• "Amixin";
• "Polyoxidonium";
• "Likopid";
• "Interferon".

These drugs affect the immune system of patients with genital herpes, stimulating its specific and non-specific factors. This allows you to block the further spread of the virus and reduce the frequency of relapses.

The scheme of treatment of the disease

There are certain treatment regimens for genital herpes. The choice of a specific one depends on the type of disease, its duration and the condition of the patient.

Reception of drugs at primary infection

Herpes

Herpes is a very common disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

How does herpes manifest?

The defeat of herpes is manifested by rashes in the form of vesicles filled with liquid that appear on the skin or on the mucous membranes. Rashes are usually accompanied by pain and discomfort. The blisters heal without scarring but tend to recur.

There are two types of herpes simplex virus - HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is the most common type and usually causes oral herpes. HSV-2 usually causes genital herpes. But both types can infect any area of ​​the skin or mucous membranes. About 80% of the adult population have antibodies to HSV-1 in their blood. About 25 percent of the adult population has antibodies to HSV-2.

How is the herpes virus transmitted?

The virus can be transmitted through close personal contact, such as kissing. Most people become infected with the virus between the ages of three and five, but the virus usually doesn't show up until after puberty.

HSV attacks the cells of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, causing fluid-filled blisters to form. The virus travels from the epidermis along the nerve pathways to settle in the nerve endings, where it temporarily becomes inactive. Weakening of the immune system, for example, associated with cold weather, can lead to the activation of the virus and the appearance of blisters.

What are the symptoms of herpes

Herpes infection progresses in different ways. Some people have very few or no symptoms of herpes. A primary herpes outbreak begins within one to three weeks of infection with the virus. Symptoms disappear within a few weeks. Later, if HSV is activated as a result of a weakened immune system, the blisters reappear.

The first symptom of activation in the body of herpes is an unpleasant tingling sensation in the skin. After a while, fluid-filled blisters appear on the reddened area. Soon, ulcers appear at the site of the blisters, which become covered with scabs and heal from 8 to 10 days. About 20 percent of people with HSV antibodies suffer from recurring outbreaks of herpes throughout their lives. In children, the virus can show up in the mouth and throat. The infection may be accompanied by fever and pain.

How to prevent herpes

Avoid touching the sores to avoid spreading the infection to other parts of the body. Otherwise, ulcers can appear on any part of the body, including fingers and genitals.

Wash your hands after touching lips that show cold sores.

The manifestations of herpes can be weakened or prevented if you lead a healthy lifestyle and take care of increasing immunity. Eat a variety healthy food Get regular exercise and get good sleep.

The causes of herpes outbreaks vary from person to person. Menstruation, fever, and excessive sun exposure can trigger a herpes infection. Using sunscreen can help prevent a cold sore outbreak.

How is herpes diagnosed?

To make a diagnosis, a medical history and external manifestations of herpes are sufficient. A patient's blood test can be used to confirm a preliminary diagnosis.

Possible complications of herpes

• Bacteria can get into herpetic ulcers and cause suppuration.
• If the herpes virus gets into the eyes, it can damage your eyesight.

In patients who suffer from atopic dermatitis, herpes can cover large areas of the body.

Severe herpes may be a sign of another disease (such as pneumonia or HIV), and a significant decrease in immunity.

How to treat herpes

The rash is treated with 5% acyclovir (cream) applied five times a day for five days. The drug is usually available over the counter or with a prescription from a pharmacy.

Herpes treatment should be started as soon as the first symptoms appear. Timely treatment can shorten the duration of a herpes outbreak and speed up recovery.

Periodic severe attacks of herpes are also treated with antiherpetic drugs in the form of tablets. The doctor may prescribe a prophylactic course of anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as a therapeutic one. The duration of the course is 5-7 days.

Herpes recurrences in the future

The progression of the disease varies from person to person. Some people have little or no cold sores, while others suffer from frequent outbreaks. Herpes recurrences may become less frequent with age.

Related links

How to diagnose herpes?

Herpes- a viral disease with characteristic rashes of bubbles on the skin or mucous membranes. There are simple and herpes zoster. However, in Lately there is an increase in the growth of a disease such as genital herpes, the treatment of which causes certain difficulties. Genital herpes will make your sex life unbearable. Unsightly rashes on the skin and mucous membranes, pain and discomfort can become your companions for a long time.

The source of infection in herpes is a sick person or a virus carrier. The active development of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is promoted by hypothermia, as well as foci of chronic infection. Medical center urologists "Our Doctor" conduct an accurate diagnosis of herpes and prescribe effective treatment for genital herpes.

There are the following main methods for diagnosing genital herpes:

Virological method - consists in the accumulation of the virus by infecting cell cultures or chicken embryos, followed by confirmation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The virological method is indicated for asymptomatic and chronic relapsing course.

Detection of virus antigens

The most widely used is the immunofluorescence reaction (RIF) with the detection of the virus antigen using isotopically labeled antibodies to it obtained from infected animals, or with the help of biotechnologies.

HSV antibodies detection

In a primary herpes infection, antibodies (immunoglobulins) of class A (IgA) are produced against it. With recurrent herpes, an increase in the amount of IgA and IgG is observed. An increase in antibody titer by 4 or more times is a characteristic sign of a primary infection. The most optimal method for detecting antibodies is the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).

PCR diagnostics

The polymerase chain reaction is currently the most widely used in the diagnosis of genital herpes. The method helps to find the DNA of the herpes virus in the test material by repeatedly copying and accumulating it, even if the material contained an insignificant amount of it.

Treatment of genital herpes consists in the appointment of bikafton for oral administration, bonafton, oxalin or tebrofen ointment; with damage to the urethra - the introduction of drops of interferon solution; with erosion, lotions of interferon, deoxyribonuclease are recommended, with recurrent herpes - an antiherpetic vaccine. Important measures for the prevention of urogenital herpes infection are early diagnosis and active treatment, which reduces the frequency of complications and the likelihood of its spread. It is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse from the moment of the onset of prodromal signs of the disease until the erosion is completely epithelized.

You should not postpone the treatment of herpes for a long time. When the immune system is weakened, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) will immediately make itself felt. It won't go unnoticed. If you do not treat herpes, then it will continue to pester you with unexpected attacks all your life.

Urologists, gynecologists together with virologists of the medical center "Our Doctor" provide a full range of medical services for the diagnosis and treatment of urological and gynecological diseases: male and female infertility, sexually transmitted diseases, inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system. You can find the address and telephone number of the medical center "Our Doctor" on the website in the "Contacts" section.

Diagnosis of herpes

Rozit Natalika Sergeevna Dermatovenereologist. Candidate of Medical Sciences, doctor of the 1st category. Appointment

Methods for diagnosing genital herpes largely depend on at what stage of the disease the patient goes to the doctor.

With typical symptoms of genital herpes, an examination of the patient is sufficient for an accurate diagnosis. Feelings of pain, itching, burning, the occurrence of a blistering rash in the genital area, even without laboratory tests, can indicate herpes.

Of course, a patient with similar symptoms should certainly pay the attention of a doctor to them: an obstetrician-gynecologist, dermatovenereologist, urologist-andrologist, allergist-immunologist or general practitioner.

When the patient complains, leading the doctor to think about the possibility of genital herpes, the genitals, the condition of the skin of the body, the lymph nodes in the groin, armpits, and neck are examined. If the rashes are on mucous membranes that are inaccessible to external examination, the doctor takes the material for analysis. If necessary, scraping from the urethra, from the pharynx or from the rectum may be necessary. In addition, scrapings from the vagina or cervix may be taken from women.

Genital herpes often occurs in conjunction with other sexually transmitted infections, so when making a diagnosis, the doctor may recommend that the patient be tested for diseases such as syphilis, AIDS, hepatitis B, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis and other infections.

Genital herpes: treatment

With the diagnosis of genital herpes, drug treatment can be called effective. It is carried out in order to block an outbreak of genital herpes, reduce the likelihood of a return of infection, and prevent exacerbation of symptoms.

Genital herpes is a well-known disease transmitted by a virus that settles on the genitals of people. The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact. When a disease occurs in males and females, blisters or clusters of a group of open wounds (small sores) form near the genitals.

When genital herpes occurs in males and females, blisters or clusters of groups of open wounds (small sores) form near the genitals.

The infection is classified as "not subject to a complete cure." The virus will always be present in the body of a person who has picked up an infection. There are a number of drugs that treat and are designed to relieve symptoms and reduce the peak of viral exacerbation.

Herpes of the genitals in our society is quite common, as it is very easy to get infected with it. Carriers can even be those who do not show any symptoms of infection. Most people do not even suspect that there is a herpes virus in their body. According to medical statistics, every sixth inhabitant of the planet under the age of 50 is infected with a virus called HSV-2. 80% of carriers of the infection cannot recognize the signs of the genital herpes virus or they do not have any symptoms. The virus is more common in people with reduced immunity or in those who have a large number of sex partners.

Together with the presence of the genital herpes virus, other infections of the urogenital nature are also diagnosed.

Genital herpes: features of manifestation in men and women, treatment

Herpes is widespread in the human population. This viral infection is a significant medical and social problem.

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is present in 9 out of 10 people on the planet. In every fifth person, it causes any external manifestations. HSV is characterized by neurodermotropism, that is, it prefers to multiply in nerve cells and skin. The favorite sites of the virus are the skin near the lips, on the face, the mucous membranes lining the genitals, the brain, the conjunctiva and the cornea of ​​​​the eye. HSV can lead to abnormal pregnancy and childbirth, causing fetal death, miscarriage, systemic viral disease in newborns. There is evidence that the herpes simplex virus is associated with malignant tumors of the prostate and cervix.

The disease is more common in women, but it also occurs in men. The peak incidence occurs at the age of 40 years. However, often genital herpes first appears in boys and girls during sexual intercourse. In young children, the infection on the genitals most often gets from the skin of the hands, from contaminated towels in children's groups, and so on.

HSV is unstable in the external environment, it dies under the action of sunlight and ultraviolet rays. It keeps for a long time at low temperatures. In dried form, HSV can exist for up to 10 years.

How is genital herpes transmitted?

The cause of the disease is herpes simplex viruses (Herpessimplex) of two types, mainly HSV-2. The virus of the first type was previously associated with a disease of the skin, oral cavity. HSV-2 causes genital herpes and meningoencephalitis. Now there are cases of illness caused by the first type of virus or a combination of them. Often the carrier does not have any symptoms of the disease and does not suspect that he is the source of the infection.

How can you get this disease? The most common ways of transmission of genital herpes are sexual and contact. Most often, infection occurs through sexual contact with a carrier of the virus or with a sick person. You can get infected by kissing, as well as by using common household items (spoons, toys). The virus can also be transmitted by airborne droplets.

From the mother, the pathogen enters the child's body during childbirth. The risk of such transmission depends on the type of lesion in the patient. It is up to 75%. In addition, infection of the fetus is possible through the blood during the period of viremia (the release of viral particles into the blood) in case of an acute illness in the mother.

Children in most cases become infected with HSV-1 in the first years of life. By the age of 5, HSV-2 infection also increases. During the first six months of life, babies do not get sick, this is due to the presence of maternal antibodies in them. If the mother was not previously infected and did not pass on her protective antibodies to the child, then children at such an early age are very ill.

Classification

Medically, this disease is called "Anogenital Herpes Viral Infection Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus". There are two main forms of the disease:

Urinary tract infection:

genital herpes in women;

genital herpes in men;

rectal infection and skin around the anus.

The mechanism of development (pathogenesis) of genital herpes

The virus enters the body through damaged mucous membranes and skin. In the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe "entrance gate" it multiplies, causing typical manifestations. Further, the pathogen usually does not spread, it rarely enters the lymph nodes and even less often enters the bloodstream, causing viremia. The further fate of the virus largely depends on the properties of the human body.

If the body has a good immune defense, a virus carrier is formed, which does not exclude recurrence of the infection under adverse conditions. If the body cannot cope with the infection, the herpes virus enters the internal organs (brain, liver, and others) through the blood, affecting them. In response to infection, antibodies are produced, but they do not prevent the development of exacerbations and relapses.

When immunity is weakened, the virus that has been preserved in nerve cells before is activated and enters the bloodstream, causing an exacerbation of the disease.

Symptoms of the disease

For most people who are carriers, HPV does not cause any symptoms for a long time. The incubation period for genital herpes in previously uninfected people is 7 days. In men, the virus persists in the organs of the genitourinary system, in women - in the cervical canal, vagina, and urethra. After infection, life-long carriage of the genital herpes virus is formed. The disease has a tendency to persistent course with relapses.

Causes contributing to the development of external signs of infection:

permanent or temporary decrease in immunity, including HIV infection;

hypothermia or overheating;

concomitant diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, acute respiratory infection;

medical interventions, including abortion and the introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive (spiral).

Under the influence of these factors, a prodromal period occurs - "pre-illness". The initial signs of genital herpes: at the site of the future focus, patients note the appearance of itching, pain or burning. After some time, rashes appear in the focus.

Localization of rashes in women and men

What does genital herpes look like?

The elements of the rash are located separately or grouped, they look like small bubbles with a diameter of up to 4 mm. Such elements are located on a reddened (erythematous), edematous base - the skin of the perineum, perianal zone and the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs. The appearance of vesicles (vesicles) may be accompanied by moderate fever, headache, malaise, and insomnia. Regional (inguinal) lymph nodes become larger and more painful. The initial episode is particularly pronounced in people previously uninfected with the virus, who lack antibodies to it.

A few days later, the vesicles open on their own, forming erosions (superficial damage to the mucous membrane) with uneven outlines. At this time, patients complain of severe itching and burning sensation in the erosion zone, weeping, severe pain, which is even more aggravated during sexual intercourse. During the first ten days of illness, new rashes appear. Viral particles are actively isolated from them.

Gradually, the erosions become covered with crusts and heal, leaving small foci of weak pigmentation or lighter areas of the skin. The time from the appearance of the rash element to its epithelialization (healing) is two to three weeks. The pathogen enters the cells of the nerve trunks, where it remains latent for a long time.

Symptoms of genital herpes in female patients are expressed in the labia, vulva, perineum, vagina, and cervix. In men, the glans penis, foreskin, and urethra are affected.

The pelvic nerves are often involved in the process. This leads to violations of the sensitivity of the skin of the lower extremities, pain in the lower back and sacrum. Sometimes it becomes frequent and painful urination.

In women, the first episode of herpes is longer and more noticeable than in men. The duration of an exacerbation without treatment is about 3 weeks.

Recurrent genital herpes

Approximately 10-20% of those who have been ill develop recurrent genital herpes. The first manifestation of infection is usually more violent. The recurrence of genital herpes is less intense and passes faster than the primary symptoms. This is due to the antibodies already present in the body at this point, which help fight the virus. Type 1 genital herpes recurs less frequently than type 2.

Exacerbation of the disease can be manifested by minor symptoms - itching, rare rashes. Sometimes the picture of the disease is represented by painful confluent erosions, ulcerations of the mucous membrane. Isolation of the virus lasts from 4 days or longer. There is an increase in the inguinal lymph nodes, lymphostasis and severe swelling of the genital organs due to stagnation of the lymph (elephantiasis) are not excluded.

Relapses occur equally often in men and women. Men have longer episodes, and women have a more vivid clinical picture.

If the frequency of relapses is more than six per year, they speak of a severe form of the disease. The moderate form is accompanied by three to four exacerbations during the year, and the mild form is accompanied by one or two.

In 20% of cases, atypical genital herpes develops. The manifestations of the disease are masked by another infection of the genitourinary system, for example, candidiasis (thrush). So, thrush is characterized by discharge, which is practically absent in normal genital herpes.

Diagnosis of genital herpes is carried out using the following laboratory tests:

virological methods (isolation of the pathogen using a chicken embryo or cell culture, the result can be obtained in two days);

polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which detects the genetic material of the virus;

detection of pathogen antigens (its particles) using enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescent analysis;

detection of antibodies in the blood human body in response to the influence of HSV, using enzyme immunoassay;

cytomorphological methods that assess cell damage during HSV infection (formation of giant cells with many nuclei and intranuclear inclusions).

An analysis for genital herpes is recommended to be taken repeatedly with an interval of several days, from 2 to 4 studies from different lesions. In women, sampling is recommended on the 18-20th day of the cycle. This increases the chance of recognizing a viral infection and confirming the diagnosis.

The most informative are tests such as PCR in the study of urine and scrapings from the genitourinary organs (vagina, urethra, cervix).

Treatment

The diet of patients with genital herpes does not have any special features. It should be complete, balanced, rich in proteins and vitamins. Food during an exacerbation is best baked or stewed, steamed. Fermented milk and vegetable products, as well as plentiful drinking, will benefit.

Treatment of genital herpes, its intensity and duration depend on the form of the disease and its severity. How to treat genital herpes in each patient is determined by a venereologist based on a complete examination and examination of the patient. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable. To determine how to cure a patient, the data of his immunogram, that is, an assessment of the state of immunity, are required.

For the treatment of the disease, the following groups of drugs are used:

antiviral drugs of systemic action;

antiviral agents for topical use;

immunostimulating substances, analogues of interferons, which also have an antiviral effect;

symptomatic drugs (antipyretics, painkillers).

Therapy with Acyclovir

The treatment regimen for acute genital herpes and its relapses primarily includes Acyclovir (Zovirax). At normal immunograms it is prescribed in a daily dose of 1 gram, divided into five doses, for ten days or until recovery. With significant immunodeficiency or damage to the rectum daily dose increases to 2 grams in 4-5 doses. The earlier treatment is started, the higher its effectiveness. Best Option the beginning of therapy, in which the drug is most effective, is the prodromal period or the first day of the onset of rashes.

How to get rid of relapses of the disease? For this purpose, suppressive (suppressive) therapy with Acyclovir is prescribed at a dose of 0.8 g per day. Tablets are taken for months, and sometimes years. Daily medication helps to avoid relapses in almost all patients, and in a third of them there are no repeated episodes of the disease.

Acyclovir is produced under trade names that include the word itself, as well as Acyclostad, Vivorax, Virolex, Gerperax, Medovir, Provirsan. From it side effects digestive disorders (nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea) can be noted, headache, skin itching, fatigue. Very rare undesirable effects of the drug are hematopoietic disorders, renal failure, damage to the nervous system. It is contraindicated only in case of individual intolerance to the drug, and should also be administered with caution to patients with impaired renal function. Use is possible during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in children, but only after assessing the possible risk.

In the prodromal period and in the early stages of the disease, 5% Acyclovir cream is effective. It helps better if the rashes are located on the skin. Apply it several times a day for a week.

There are second-generation Acyclovir preparations that are more effective. These include valaciclovir (Vairova, Valavir, Valvir, Valtrex, Valzikon, Virdel). It is well absorbed in the digestive organs, its bioavailability is several times higher than that of Acyclovir. Therefore, the effectiveness of treatment is higher by 25%. Exacerbation of the disease develops less frequently by 40%. The drug is contraindicated in manifesting HIV infection, kidney or bone marrow transplantation, as well as in children under 18 years of age. Use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding is possible when assessing the risks and benefits.

Alternative drugs

How to treat genital herpes if it is caused by viruses resistant to Acyclovir? In this case, alternative means are prescribed - Famciclovir or Foscarnet. Famciclovir is available under such names as Minaker, Famacivir, Famvir. The drug is well tolerated, with only occasional headaches or nausea. Contraindication is only individual intolerance. Since this drug is new, its effect on the fetus has been little studied. Therefore, its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is possible only according to individual indications.

Local preparations

Some antiviral medications for treating rashes are an ointment. Among them are the following:

Foscarnet, applied to the skin and mucous membranes;

Alpizarin, the drug is also available in the form of tablets;

Tromantadin, most effective at the first sign of herpes;

Khelepin; exists in the form for oral administration;

Oksolin;

Tebrofen;

Riodoxol;

Bonafton.

The frequency of application, the duration of treatment with local drugs is determined by the doctor. They are usually given several times a day for a week.

Therapy of genital herpes with interferon preparations

IN last years there is a growing interest in interferons or interferon inducers that help the body cope with the infection itself, often with a direct antiviral effect. These include the following tools:

Allokin-alpha;

Amiksin;

Wobe-Mugos E;

Galavit;

Giaferon;

Groprinosin;

Isoprinosine;

Imunofan;

Polyoxidonium;

Cycloferon and many others.

They can be administered both internally and locally. Some of these drugs are suppositories. So, Viferon rectal suppositories are often prescribed as part of the complex therapy of genital herpes.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, can be taken to relieve symptoms.

Antibiotics for genital herpes are not prescribed, since they only act on bacteria, not viruses. The effectiveness of such areas of therapy as homeopathy, folk ways, has not been proven.

Prevention

A specific prevention of genital herpes, that is, a vaccine, has been developed. A Russian-made polio vaccine should be administered several times a year in courses of 5 injections. It is an inactivated culture vaccine. The effectiveness of such prevention is being studied.

Nonspecific prevention consists in observing sexual hygiene, refusing casual sexual intercourse.

A person infected with genital herpes should not overcool, avoid emotional stress, intense stress and other causes that cause exacerbation.

infection and pregnancy

It is believed that pregnancy is not a factor causing exacerbation of genital herpes. However, some scholars have a different opinion.

Pregnancy and childbirth with HSV without clinical manifestations are usually normal. Treatment of a pregnant woman is carried out if she develops systemic manifestations, for example, meningitis, hepatitis. This usually happens when a woman first encounters the virus during pregnancy. Acyclovir is prescribed for treatment.

If such treatment is not carried out, then as a result of viral particles entering the baby’s blood through the placenta (damaged or even healthy), an intrauterine infection will develop. In the first trimester of pregnancy, malformations are formed. In the second and third trimesters, the mucous membranes, the child's skin, eyes, liver, and brain are affected. Fetal death may occur. The risk of preterm birth increases. After the birth of such a baby, severe complications are possible: microcephaly (underdevelopment of the brain), microophthalmia and chorioretinitis (eye damage leading to blindness).

Delivery is carried out naturally. Caesarean section is prescribed only in cases where the mother has a rash on the genitals, and also if the first episode of infection she had during pregnancy. In these cases, prenatal prevention of the transmission of the herpes virus to the child is recommended with Acyclovir, prescribed from 36 weeks. An even more convenient and cost-effective drug for prenatal preparation of a sick woman is Valzikon (Valacyclovir). The use of antiviral agents before childbirth helps to reduce the frequency of exacerbations of genital herpes, reduce the likelihood of asymptomatic release of viral particles that infect the child.

During childbirth of a sick woman, premature outflow of water, placental abruption is dangerous. weakness of labor activity. Therefore, she needs special attention of medical personnel.

How dangerous is genital herpes for a newborn?

If a baby comes into contact with HSV while passing through the birth canal, he will develop neonatal herpes 6 days after birth. Its consequences are generalized sepsis, that is, infection of all internal organs of the child. A newborn can even die from infectious-toxic shock.

In connection with the potential threat to the child, each pregnant woman is examined for the carriage of HSV and, if necessary, undergoes treatment as prescribed by a doctor. After the birth of the baby, he is also examined and, if necessary, treated. If the child does not show any signs of infection, he must be observed for 2 months, since the manifestations of the disease are not always visible immediately.

To avoid the unpleasant consequences of the disease during pregnancy, an infected woman must undergo special training before her, the so-called pregravid. In particular, antiviral and immunostimulating agents of plant origin (Alpizarin) are prescribed orally and in the form of an ointment when exacerbations occur in the patient. At the same time, her immunity is corrected using interferon inducers. Within three months before the planned pregnancy, metabolic therapy is also prescribed, which improves the metabolism in cells (riboflavin, lipoic acid, calcium pantothenate, vitamin E, folic acid). At the same time, passive immunization can be used, that is, the introduction of ready-made antiviral antibodies, immunoglobulins, into the woman's body, which reduces the risk of exacerbation.

Pregnancy planning should be carried out only in the absence of relapses within six months. Diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes before pregnancy can reduce the incidence of complications from the mother and child, reduce the likelihood of recurrence during gestation, and minimize the risk of intrauterine infection or neonatal herpes. All this helps to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.

With herpes, everything is exactly the same as with other diseases - for detection, it is required to conduct an analysis to detect genital herpes. By the way, many are still sure that they have this disease in their “arsenal”, but meanwhile it’s not a fact at all. Were proper analyzes performed? Genital herpes is detected only in this way.

Found ulcers on the genitals - so do an analysis for genital herpes!

Analysis for genital herpes - what to take?

There are several methods for detecting genital herpes using laboratory tests.

One of the common methods is the isolation of the genital herpes virus in cell culture. In the biomaterial taken for analysis, microorganisms for the detection of genital herpes are created certain conditions for growth and division. At some point, they become visible under a microscope. And the genital herpes virus is also detected.

There is another method for detecting herpes - the method of immunofluorescence. During the analysis, a solution is added to the biomaterial, which contains antibodies to the herpes virus and a fluorescent dye. These antibodies are able to “stick” to the genital herpes virus and glow in a special way when viewed through a special microscope.

These types of analysis for genital herpes have a definite plus - they allow you to distinguish between two types of herpes virus. This is important for choosing a treatment regimen for genital herpes. But there are also “errors” - both of these methods for analyzing genital herpes can give a false negative result - that is, not detecting the virus, despite its presence. This usually happens if the ulcers of genital herpes have already begun to heal.

Blood test for genital herpes

The herpes virus can also be detected with a blood test, even if there are no symptoms. Although it can also give a false negative result. This is due to the fact that several weeks pass from the moment of infection before antibodies to the virus begin to appear in the blood. By the way, in a blood test, false positive results are also possible - that is, there is no genital herpes virus, and laboratory data indicate the opposite.

What tests are given for genital herpes?

There are other ways of laboratory diagnosis of genital herpes.

Firstly, this is the so-called Tzank test. Secondly, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

The Tzank test consists in the fact that the biomaterial taken for analysis for genital herpes is stained and fixed with chemical compounds. Cells acquire a characteristic color and differ from healthy ones. But it is believed that the Tzank method is somewhat outdated and has serious errors.

But the PCR test method is accurate enough to test for genital herpes. Its essence lies in the fact that under the action of a special enzyme, the DNA of the virus begins to multiply. After a while, it is almost 100% certain that the virus is present in the sample or not. This method completely eliminates false positive data.

One of the diagnostic methods is a blood test for genital herpes. It contains antibodies. They appear in the blood rather quickly.

The IgM titer increases already 4-6 days after infection.

This indicator reaches its maximum value 2-3 weeks after the transmission of the infection.

IgG begin to be determined in the blood after an average of 2 weeks. A little later, IgA is synthesized.

After about 2 months, IgM and IgA are no longer detected in the blood.

IgG persists throughout life. Against the background of a relapse, the concentration of this immunoglobulin increases sharply, which makes it possible to confirm the fact of an exacerbation of the infection in the laboratory.

In the event of an exacerbation, IgM may also appear in the blood. Primary infection with herpesvirus type 2

A blood test for herpes type 2 during primary infection suggests:

• single determination of IgM titer;
• or double determination of IgG.

If an IgG test is performed, then the patient donates blood 2 times at an interval of 10-12 days.

IgM analysis for herpes type 2

Testing for genital herpes with the determination of the level of IgM in the blood is most often required during the initial episode of infection. The choice of study is due to the short period of time when the analysis for herpes type 2 is positive at infection.

The analysis can be taken in 1-2 weeks. To diagnose an exacerbation of herpes, a blood test for IgM is not used. This is due to the fact that the titer of this type of immunoglobulin increases during only 20% of patients.

Ig analysisG

To diagnose relapse, a blood test for IgG antibodies is performed.

The result is interpreted based on the titer of immunoglobulins. It rises during an exacerbation and decreases during remission.

Deciphering the analysis for herpes type 2:

• positivity coefficient of 0.8 or less is the norm;
• KP from 0.9 to 1.1 - the result is doubtful;
• CP 1.2 and more - the result is positive.

Possible reasons for a positive result:

• a person suffers from chronic herpes;
• possible infection of the fetus.

Repeated examination is required to confirm the diagnosis. If the titer increases by more than a third, this indicates an active infection.

Interpretation of a negative result:

• remission of herpes;
• no infection;
• recent infection;

• excluded intrauterine infection.

A doubtful result may indicate the initial period of the disease. It requires re-diagnosis after 2 weeks.

When is herpes type 2 test negative after treatment?

The disease is not permanently cured.

The virus constantly persists in the human body. Accordingly, the results of the test for class G immunoglobulins can always remain positive. Although during periods without exacerbations, the titer is small. It decreases within 2-3 weeks.

As a rule, after tests to confirm the cure of the patient are not carried out.

The criterion for the success of the therapy is the resolution of the clinical manifestations of the disease and a decrease in the number of relapses.

PCR blood for herpes type 2

Another method for diagnosing herpes in a blood test is PCR. The technique involves the detection of pathogen DNA.

Indications for research:

• signs of intrauterine infection;
• preparation for pregnancy;
• immunodeficiency states or HIV;
• differential diagnosis of genital infections.

Usually a qualitative diagnosis is carried out. The doctor receives a positive or negative result. A quantitative study is required only in severe pathologies with damage to the central nervous system to determine the prognosis of the disease.

PCR smear for herpes type 2

Smears or scrapings are the main way to obtain clinical material for the diagnosis of herpes. Often scrapings are taken from the rashes for PCR.

Herpes type 2 is defined in the contents of vesicles - small blisters with liquid that appear mainly on the genitals.

A positive PCR for herpes type 2 on the lips, genitals, saliva, urine, or oropharyngeal swab indicates that the person is infected.

Before an analysis is given for genital herpes from the urogenital tract, preparation is required:

• you can not have sex for 2 days;
• the analysis is taken before the start of treatment;
• you can not urinate 2 hours before taking a smear.

Women take the test no earlier than 5 days after using any vaginal preparations (spermicides, antiseptics, etc.). After a transvaginal ultrasound or colposcopy, you need to wait 2 days until the clinical material is taken.

Genital herpes - what tests are taken and where?

You can donate blood for antibodies or diagnose herpes by PCR with a competent venereologist. The results will be ready the next day. We use painless methods of taking clinical material. Venereologists work in private clinics, so after the diagnosis you can get professional advice.

With a positive result of the analysis, the doctor will select a treatment that will not only get rid of the symptoms of herpes faster, but also prevent its complications.

Genital herpes is an infectious disease of the genital organs of men and women. To clarify the diagnosis reliably, it is necessary to consult with a venereologist.

The doctor will give a referral for tests, passing which you can accurately determine whether there is a given disease.

What is genital herpes

Refers to STDs - sexually transmitted diseases. The main external sign is small blisters filled with a whitish liquid. They are painful and leave ulcers after rupture. Blisters are usually located in the groin, buttocks and thighs. But in some cases they can be on the eyelids, in the corners of the mouth and on the face.

A fifth of the world's population from 14 to 50 years old are carriers of herpes simplex, the second type, which provokes the appearance of the genital variant.

Infection occurs not only through sexual contact, but also through direct contact with an infected person. Sexual contact is not required. Herpes can be contracted through the mouth, wounds on the mucous membrane, contact with the skin of liquid from blisters, etc. A pregnant woman can pass the virus on to her baby.

Expert opinion

First, herpes manifests itself in the form of an active burst, and then goes into a dormant phase until the next activation. Even in the passive stage, herpes is contagious.

The first active phase of herpes is similar to the flu. A sharp increase in temperature, body aches, swelling of the eyes, blisters. The duration of the stage is 14-42 days.

A relapse - a repeated surge - is less severe and not as long. Blisters can also occur in the groin or on the face. Their appearance causes itching and pain, and in places where the blisters burst, ulcers appear. Patients complain of burning, tingling and itching in the affected areas.

Herpes analysis: basic methods

If you notice the first symptoms of herpes, you should immediately consult a doctor. At the consultation, referrals will be given for analysis in order to make an accurate diagnosis.

What materials are needed for analysis? If there are blisters, the doctor will take a sample of fluid from them. If the virus is in a dormant phase, a blood test and a smear for research are necessary.

In general, diagnostic methods are used:

• cultural - cultivation of the virus on biological objects;
• cytological - the study of changes in cells caused by a virus;
• immunofluorescence - determination of the presence of antibodies using fluorescent markers;
• ANK - amplification of nucleic acids - PCR;
• serological - detection of antibodies based on a blood test;
• Glycoprotein immunoacupuncture G-specific HSV testing.

Pap smear test for herpes

The most popular way to detect in biological material is to isolate it in cell culture and create conditions for its growth by division. After that, the virus will be visible under a microscope.

Another way is fluorescence. A solution with antibodies to herpes and a dye are added to the collected material. Antibodies attach to the cells of the virus and, thanks to the dye, are visible under a special microscope.

These methods allow you to distinguish one type of herpes from another. As a result, appropriate treatment will be prescribed. But there is also a risk of getting a false negative result. At the stage when skin ulcers caused by blisters begin to heal, it becomes difficult to detect with a smear.

Another option to find out reliable information about the disease with the herpes virus is PCR - polymerase chain reaction. The virus is found as a fragment of its DNA. The result is quite accurate, but there are disputes about the practical application of this analysis.

The smear can be examined in other ways. For example, by making a Tzank test. It consists in comparing Tzank cells in fluid imprints with erosions or blisters. They are stained and distinguished from other, healthy cells. But the accuracy of the study is not too high, so the method is rarely used.

Linked immunosorbent assay

ELISA is preferred for an accurate diagnosis. ELISA allows you to accurately determine the presence of the herpes virus at any of its stages. This analysis is based on the patient's blood sampling.

The degree of development of the disease is determined by quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The fact is that at each stage of herpes, antibodies to it are secreted in the blood. But they are different - IgM and IgG - at different stages of the course of the disease. By the number of antibodies, you can understand how high the body's antiviral immunity is. IgA antibodies appear 14 or more days after infection. All antibodies to herpes gradually disappear from the blood, except for IgG, which is in the body for life.

Deciphering the results of the analysis

How to decipher the values ​​of the ELISA results?
There are three options:

1. IgM antibodies are absent, IgG is below normal. The patient is not infected with the herpes virus.
2. IgM is absent, IgG is above normal. The organism was infected, but in what form the virus is now unknown.
3. IgM is detected or above normal, IgG is high, if there are high antibody titers during the analysis of the second or first type, then there is an initial infection or a recent exacerbation of the herpes disease.

Have you ever been tested for herpes?

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How to prepare for a herpes test

If we are talking about ELISA analysis, as the most common, then you should remember about taking blood from a vein.
Taking a venous blood test involves standard preparation:

1. Abstinence from food for 8 hours, that is, the analysis is done on an empty stomach;
2. The last day before the analysis, fatty foods, smoked meats, and alcohol are prohibited. You can not be examined after severe stress and heavy loads. Three days before the analysis, it is necessary to exclude any medications, and for 24 hours do not treat the inflammation sites with antiseptics.

REMEMBER! Different laboratories use different scoring systems and scales. Therefore, in order to understand the correct dynamics of the development of the disease, it is necessary to take tests in the same place.