Ivan Kozlov. Biography. Russian poet Ivan Kozlov: biography, literary activity In what century did goats live

Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich (1779-1840) - a poet and translator, was born in Moscow, in a noble noble family, in which the eldest son was always called Ivan. Home teachers gave Kozlov an excellent education; he was fluent in French and Italian. From the age of 16, Kozlov served in the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment. He was good-looking, distinguished by graceful manners, led a secular life and "was considered the best gentleman at the balls", fell in love, was disappointed. At the same time, he was seriously interested in literature, read a lot, treated Karamzin with respect, and was friends with Zhukovsky. He successfully made a career in the civil service and did not think of becoming a poet. In 1809 he married the beautiful Sofya Andreevna Davydova. A happy family life distracted him for some time from creativity.

I.I. Kozlov did not remain indifferent to the Patriotic War of 1812. He served in the Office of the Moscow Commander-in-Chief, took part in the equipment of the people's militia, was an active participant and organizer of the defense of Moscow. During a fire in Moscow, Kozlov's house and property burned down. He and his family moved to St. Petersburg and began to serve in the Department of State Property. In St. Petersburg, Kozlov found himself at the center of literary and social life. He met young A.S. Pushkin, whom he loved very much and subsequently learned a lot from him, with the future Decembrists K. Ryleev, Nikita Muravyov and V. Kuchelbeker. A close friend for him was Nikolai Turgenev (the ideologist of the secret Decembrist society).

In 1816 I.I. Kozlov fell ill, began to lose his sight, by 1821 he was completely blind, was paralyzed, could not move, but he did not lose his sense of composure. Engaged in translations, wrote poetry. Kozlov was also impelled to literary work by need, since the hereditary fortune had been lived through. He courageously endured his misfortune. During the years of illness, he learned English and German, became a connoisseur of world poetry, began to translate and write poetry. In 1819, he translated Byron’s poem “The Bride of Abydos” into French, wrote the first poem-message “To Svetlana”, dedicated to the niece of V.A. Zhukovsky. The poem was noticed in literary circles. In 1822 he wrote a poem-message “To a friend V.A. Zh. upon his return from a trip. In 1824, Kozlov's poem "Chernets" was published, which enjoyed extraordinary popularity. The poem was highly appreciated by contemporaries - E.A. Baratynsky, P.A. Vyazemsky, and A.S. Pushkin responded to the poem with the poem "To Kozlov" (1825).

Kozlov is a romantic poet, student and follower of V.A. Zhukovsky. He owns his own and translated poems, in which grief for the departed happiness, understanding of one's fate, "hope for a better life beyond the grave" sounds. His poetry is soulful and musical. F. Alyabyev, A. Gurilev, M. Glinka, A. Dargomyzhsky and others wrote music to Kozlov's poems. Kozlov tried himself in different genres (elegy, songs in the folk spirit, ballads, patriotic poems, etc.). Kozlov's works conveyed to the reader the secret of the heart. “Kozlov is a poet of feeling, just like Baratynsky is a poet of thought,” noted V.G. Belinsky. A masterpiece of Russian philosophical poetry is I. Kozlov's poem "Stans" ("Yesterday, in the forest, I was sadly carried away, / I sat alone and was crushed by my heart").

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov died in 1840 in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Russian poet, translator. In 1821 he went blind. Lyrical poems, romantic poem "Chernets" (1825). The poem "Evening Ringing" (1828, translation of T. Moore's poem) became a folk song.

Born in Moscow on April 11, 1779. His father was the secretary of state of Catherine II, his mother was from the old Khomutov family. At the age of 5, the boy was enrolled as a sergeant in the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment and in 1795 he was promoted to ensign. He served in the office of the Moscow commander in chief; in 1812 he worked on the committee for the formation of the Moscow militia, then entered the service in the department of state property. In 1818, his legs were taken away, and his eyesight began to deteriorate; in 1821 he became completely blind. According to the testimony of his friend Zhukovsky, he "endured his plight with amazing patience and God's Providence, which sent him a difficult test, gave him at the same time great joy: striking him with an illness that separated him forever from the outside world and from all his joys that change us so much, he opened to his darkened gaze the whole inner, diverse and unchanging world of poetry, illuminated by faith, purified by suffering. Knowing French and Italian since childhood, Kozlov now learned English, German and Polish. He had a phenomenal memory, which developed even more strongly during his illness: “he knew by heart,” says Zhukovsky, “all Byron, all the poems of Walter Scott, the best passages from Shakespeare, just as before all Racine, Tassa and the main passages from Dante” : he knew by heart the whole gospel. His life was divided "between religion and poetry." "Everything that was done in the world aroused his interest and he often took care of the outside world with some kind of childish curiosity." A consolation for Kozlov was the attention with which he was treated by the luminaries of contemporary poetry, beginning with Pushkin. He appeared in print in 1821 with the poem "To Svetlana"; then followed a whole series of large and small works, which he usually dictated to his daughter. In 1824, his "Blackie" appeared, in 1826 Byron's "Bride of Abydos", in 1828 "Princess Natalia Borisovna Dolgorukaya" and a book of "Poems", in 1829 "Crimean Sonnets" by Mickiewicz and imitation of Burns: "Rustic Saturday evening in Scotland", in 1830 "Mad". Kozlov died on January 30, 1840. His grave at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, next to the grave of Zhukovsky. Kozlov does not stand as close to anyone in literature as he does to Zhukovsky, but he was not a slavish imitator: what Zhukovsky is the basis of poetry, Kozlov's is only its tone; Zhukovsky is mainly devoted to Schiller and Goethe, Kozlov's soul lies in English poetry. As a translator, Kozlov has taken a prominent place in our literature. Many critics see in him the first manifestation of Russian Byronism. But it is unlikely that his "Blackie", over the pages of which contemporaries and especially contemporaries shed tears, to which even Pushkin listened "in tears of delight", can be called a reflection of Byron's poetry. Here there is no gloomy and formidable titanism of Byron's heroes: Kozlov's hero "wept and prayed" all the time, and his crime, which he atones for with sincere repentance, could not have caused punishment from a humane court. In the rest of Kozlov's poems, sentimentalism, which society has not yet been ill, rather reflected. True, Kozlov translated a lot from Byron; but the very nature of the translated passages testifies to the fact that the basis of Byron's poetry was alien to Kozlov, and the translations, moreover, are very far from the original. Kozlov's heart lay with English idyllics, in the Wordsworth family, and melancholic elegiacs, in the Moura or Milgua family. In this spirit, he chose poems by other poets: Lamartine, Chenier, Manzoni, Petrarch, etc. Among these translations there are several exemplary ones that are known to everyone from anthologies, for example, Moore's "Evening Bells", Wordsworth's "We Are Seven", "Young Prisoner" Chenier, "Lament of Yaroslavna" from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". Despite his blindness, Kozlov subtly felt nature, especially those moments when her life is devoid of tension. This mood is conveyed by Kozlov's best poem "Venetian Night". That he generally understood the beauties of nature is evident from the excellent translation of Mickiewicz's Crimean sonnets. Kozlov's works were published in 1833, 1840, 1855; the most complete collection of Kozlov's works has been published, edited by Ars. I. Vvedensky, in 1892.

Ivan Kozlov (1779-1840)

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov came from a noble noble family. He was born in 1779 in Moscow and received an excellent home education. At the age of sixteen, Kozlov entered the guard. For the first half of his life, this secular dandy, a wonderful dancer, did not think about literary studies. After the transition to the civil service, he quickly moved up the career ladder, opening up broad career prospects for him. But in 1816 the rapid movement of life was stopped by a serious illness. Kozlov quickly began to lose his sight, and by 1821 he was completely blind and lost his legs due to paralysis.

During the years of illness, Kozlov learned English and German (he knew Italian and French from childhood), became an expert in world poetry, began to translate and write poetry. Contemporaries, not without reason, believed that misfortune served as the impetus that gave vent to his poetic talent. Kozlov's work was indeed largely nourished by the moods and feelings of a person eaten by a devastating illness, struggling with it, painfully looking for justification for his tragic fate.

Kozlov was also impelled to literary work by need: his hereditary condition was lived through. The poet was greatly assisted by his friend and colleague V. A. Zhukovsky, whose romantic poetry was a real revelation for the patient: she suggested to him the artistic form of expressing the inner world of a person who became a victim fate.

Having mastered the high poetic culture so characteristic of the Pushkin era, Kozlov develops Zhukovsky's favorite genres (ballad, elegy, romance, songs), themes, images, masters his principle of melodic construction of speech. However, Kozlov is by no means an impersonal imitator of Zhukovsky. A critic of the Moskovsky Vestnik in 1829 rightly noted: “None of the Russian poets comes as close as he does to the unforgettable Zhukovsky, and with all that he does not imitate him.” Kozlov's best poems are sincere and unusually musical. The romance "Evening Bells", written on his poems, captivates us with its genuine drama and soulful melody more than a century and a half after the death of the poet.

Literary recognition came to Kozlov in 1825, after the publication poems "Chernets", which enjoyed unusual popularity among the reading public. Pushkin gave a high assessment to the work of the poet. “His story is charming,” he wrote to his brother in May 1825, “if he is angry, don’t be angry, but wanted to forgive - could not forgive(line from Kozlov's poem) is worthy of Byron."

Passion for Byron became an important factor in Kozlov's poetic biography. For almost the entire duration of his creative activity, he turned to the work of the great poet, and translated quite a lot from him. He also expressed his admiration for the ruler of thoughts in the poem "Byron" (1824).

Less successful, but just as indicative of Kozlov's work, was poem« Princess Natalya Borisovna Dolgorukaya". The glorification of the noble feat of a woman who followed her disgraced husband into Siberian exile and, after his execution, preserved an inextinguishable feeling of devoted love for him, was published in 1828 - immediately after M. N. Volkonskaya, A. G. Muravyova , E. I. Trubetskaya and others wives of the Decembrists went to their husbands in Siberia. This circumstance gave Kozlov's poem a particularly topical sound and increased the interest of contemporaries in it.

A large place in the creative heritage of the author of "Chernets" is occupied by translations, many of which, like those of Zhukovsky, were organically included in the poet's work as original works. In addition to translations from Byron, the translations of Mickiewicz's Crimean Sonnets, published in 1829, are also noteworthy.

I. I. Kozlov died in 1840.

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov - Russian poet and translator. His works are not known to all readers, although the plots of the poems are interesting and mysterious, like his biography.

The origin of the poet

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was born on April 11, 1779 in Moscow. His family was not only noble, but also ancient. Ivan Ivanovich on the paternal side was the grandson of a senator. By the way, the poet's father, Ivan Ivanovich, served as a state councilor at court. Mother, Anna Apollonovna, in her maiden name was Khomutova and was the aunt of the famous Cossack ataman.

Despite the fact that Ivan Kozlov was raised by his mother, and he received home science training, the poet was a versatile personality, and all his contemporaries noted his excellent education.

Military service

The future poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, as soon as he was five years old, was enrolled in military service. In October 1784, he had the rank of sergeant of the famous Izmailovsky regiment, where only wealthy nobles were enrolled. And already in February 1795, when the young poet was in his sixteenth year, he was transferred to a new rank - ensign.

Then there was a service in the Life Guards, which lasted three years. After that, the poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov deservedly retired.

civil service

In 1798, the poet Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich entered the post of provincial secretary. But after a few months, having proved himself worthy, he was transferred to collegiate assessors and even enrolled in the office of Pyotr Lopukhin for special successes. A year later, a service in the heraldry followed.

Eight years later, a new appointment came: Ivan Kozlov was transferred to the office of the commander-in-chief Tutolmin, who was in the capital. And soon, in a new place, showing zeal and unusual education, the poet was able to receive the rank of court adviser.

The war of 1812 brought many changes to Ivan Ivanovich's life. So, for several months he has been working on a committee whose goal is to assemble and create a powerful Moscow military force, as well as prepare it for hostilities with Napoleon.

But three days before Napoleon was to enter the capital, Ivan Kozlov and his other fellow officials were dismissed. Realizing that it is necessary to save his family, he leaves Moscow and goes to his mother's relatives in Rybinsk. But even after the end of the war with the French, he does not return to Moscow.

Now he chooses St. Petersburg as the place of residence for himself and his family. Soon Ivan Ivanovich receives an appointment for the service. At the end of July 1813, the talented poet Ivan Kozlov began to serve in the State Department of Property, where he was appointed assistant to the mayor. And already in October 1814 he received a new rank - a collegiate official. But an unexpected illness deprived him of the opportunity to further build his public career.

Literary activity

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, whose poems are expressive and beautiful, suddenly falls ill in 1818. Paralysis deprives him of the ability to move, and the poet ceases public service. But he does not want to give up and decides to devote himself to literary work. But by the end of 1819, he gradually began to go blind and completely lost his sight in 1821.

Ivan Ivanovich begins to diligently engage in translations. He knew many languages, including French, German, Italian, English and others. He translates the best literary works into these languages. He starts with works and the first work that appeared in print was Zhukovsky's poem "Svetlana". And soon his own poems appeared: “To Svetlana”, “Chernets”, “To the Poet Zhukovsky”.

The poet was personally acquainted with Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Ivan Turgenev and other prominent educated people of that time.

Ivan Kozlov's poems are popular, and fame finally comes to the sick poet. Contemporaries recalled that Ivan Ivanovich, despite the fact that he was in a wheelchair, always behaved courageously and openly. All his entourage noted: the poet dressed, despite the fact that he was blind and practically motionless, always elegant and fashionable.

But contemporaries especially noted conversations with him, because he always spoke in such a way that he wanted to listen without interrupting, holding his breath and admiring every word. In addition, he read the poems of European poets beautifully and expressively. And no one could guess, looking at this man inspired by poetry, that at night he was tormented by severe and constant pain.

Personal life

Married Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, whose biography is interesting and eventful, in 1809. His wife was Sofya Andreevna Davydova, who was the daughter of a foreman. In this marriage, the talented poet has two children: a son and a daughter. Nothing is known about the fate of Ivan and Alexandra.

The famous poet of the nineteenth century, Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, died on January 30, 1840.

Born in Moscow on April 11, 1779. His father was the secretary of state of Catherine II, his mother was from the old Khomutov family. At the age of 5, the boy was enrolled as a sergeant in the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment and in 1795 he was promoted to ensign. He served in the office of the Moscow commander in chief; in 1812 he worked on the committee for the formation of the Moscow militia, then entered the service in the department of state property.

In 1818, his legs were taken away, and his eyesight began to deteriorate; in 1821 he became completely blind. According to his friend, he “endured his plight with amazing patience - and God’s Providence, which sent him a difficult test, gave him great joy at the same time: striking him with an illness that separated him forever from the outside world and from all its joys, so unfaithful to us, he revealed to his darkened gaze the whole inner, diverse and unchanging world of poetry, illuminated by faith, purified by suffering.

Knowing French and Italian since childhood, Kozlov I have now learned English, German and Polish. He had a phenomenal memory, which developed even more strongly during his illness: “he knew by heart,” says Zhukovsky, “all Byron, all the poems of Walter Scott, the best passages from Shakespeare, just as before – all Racine, Tassa and the main passages from Dante” : he knew by heart the whole gospel.

His life was divided "between religion and poetry." "Everything that was done in the world aroused his interest - and he often took care of the outside world with some kind of childish curiosity." A consolation for Kozlov was the attention with which the luminaries of the then poetry treated him, starting with.

He appeared in print in 1821 with the poem "To Svetlana"; then followed a whole series of large and small works, which he usually dictated to his daughter. In 1824, his "Blackie" appeared, in 1826 - "Bride of Abydos" Byron, in 1828 - "Princess Natalia Borisovna Dolgorukaya" and a book of "Poems", in 1829 - "Crimean Sonnets" by Mickiewicz and imitation of Burns: "Rural Saturday evening in Scotland", in 1830 - "Mad".

Kozlov died January 30, 1840. His grave is at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, next to the grave of Zhukovsky. Kozlov does not stand as close to anyone in literature as to Zhukovsky, but he was not a slavish imitator: what Zhukovsky is the basis of poetry, Kozlov's is only its tone; Zhukovsky is mainly devoted to Schiller and Goethe, Kozlov's soul lies in English poetry. As a translator, Kozlov has taken a prominent place in our literature.

Many critics see in him the first manifestation of Russian Byronism. But it is unlikely that his "Blackie", over the pages of which contemporaries and especially contemporaries shed tears, to which even Pushkin listened "in tears of delight", can be called a reflection of Byron's poetry. There is no gloomy and formidable titanism of Byron's heroes here: Kozlov's hero kept “crying and praying”, and his crime, which he atones for with sincere repentance, could not have caused punishment from a humane court. In the rest of Kozlov's poems, sentimentalism, which society has not yet been ill, rather reflected. True, Kozlov translated a lot from Byron; but the very nature of the translated passages testifies to the fact that the basis of Byron's poetry was alien to Kozlov, and the translations, moreover, are very far from the original. Kozlov's heart lay with English idyllics, in the Wordsworth family, and melancholic elegiacs, in the Moura or Milgua family. In this spirit, he chose poems by other poets: Lamartine, Chenier, Manzoni, Petrarch, etc. Among these translations there are several exemplary ones that are known to everyone from anthologies, for example, “Evening Bells” by Moore, “We Are Seven” by Wordsworth, “Young Prisoner" Chenier, "Lament of Yaroslavna" from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". Despite his blindness, Kozlov subtly felt nature, especially those moments when her life is devoid of tension. This mood is conveyed by Kozlov's best poem - "Venetian Night". That he generally understood the beauties of nature is evident from the excellent translation of Mickiewicz's Crimean sonnets. Kozlov's works were published in 1833, 1840, 1855; the most complete collection of Kozlov's works published, edited by