How the main character of Eugene Onegin changes. Essays. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”

In life, as Gorky wrote, there is always room for exploits. Many Russian thinkers rightly said that it is not the environment that determines a person’s behavior, but he himself is able to make an effort on himself and become better. This is human freedom.

A large layer of literary works is devoted to the theme of internal change, the transformation of heroes. Today we will remember some of them.

1) Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”

Of course, first of all, Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, well known from school, comes to mind. Some argue that Raskolnikov still did not change in hard labor. This point of view seems to me very controversial. Let's turn to the epilogue of the novel.

“They were both pale and thin; but in these sick and pale faces the dawn of a renewed future, a complete resurrection into a new life, was already shining. They were resurrected by love, the heart of one contained endless sources of life for the heart of the other”; “Instead of dialectics, life began, and something completely different had to be developed in consciousness,” “... a new history begins, the history of the gradual renewal of man, the history of his gradual rebirth...”

So has Rodion Romanovich changed in hard labor? Re-read and draw your own conclusions.

2) Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy “Father Sergius”

Leo Tolstoy’s story “Father Sergius” became a great discovery for me at one time and has since been one of my favorite books. I was struck by how sensitive the writer was to the human soul and the spiritual laws by which it develops. And although on many issues Tolstoy opposed himself to the Church, in this work he talks about things that the holy fathers wrote about.

This is a story about the monk Father Sergius, who walked the spiritual path, guided not by love and humility, but by narcissism and pride. To change such a restless soul, a special medicine was needed, and it was given. "Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall" ( Proverbs 16:18). It is amazing how Father Sergius was transformed after his fall, although his first thoughts were desperate and of little faith. He found the strength to move on, stopped thinking about himself, and “little by little God began to manifest himself in him.” After reading the story, it became obvious to me: if a person sincerely seeks God, even with mistakes and falls, the Lord Himself comes out to meet him. And this cannot but rejoice.

3) Victor Hugo “Les Miserables”

An amazing epic novel. At the center of the story is the figure of the escaped convict Jean Valjean, who experienced a profound transformation. He changed radically after meeting Bishop Bienvenu, who showed him a wonderful example of love, mercy and forgiveness. But the path to goodness and a new life, of course, is not easy, and the hero on the path of change has to endure many difficulties and trials.

4) And again Dostoevsky and his story “The Dream of a Funny Man”

A story that, in terms of plot and symbolism, probably has no analogues in world literature. The main character suffers from the meaninglessness of his existence and wants to commit suicide. At some point he falls asleep and has a dream, which is the plot of the story. The hero wakes up already renewed. What happened to him? If earlier he considered himself the center of the universe, being indifferent to the suffering of others, despising them, now he sees the meaning of life in Christian love and is ready to preach it, even if they do not listen to him.

It is important to be able to read in this story what is written between the lines: it symbolically depicts some moments of biblical history: heavenly bliss, the Fall, the coming of the prophets, the crucifixion of Christ and the sermons of the apostles.

By the way, based on this story, cartoonist Alexander Petrov made a wonderful cartoon that you can watch and discuss with your children.

5) Somerset Maugham “The Painted Veil” (in another translation-"Patterned cover")

The plot is based on the classic theme of adultery, but it develops somewhat differently than, say, in Madame Bovary or Anna Karenina.

The heroine learns to overcome selfishness, to see other people, their problems and suffering. It cannot be said that she is changing dramatically - and yet she is taking steps towards realizing her weakness, understanding how selfish she used to be.

6) Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”

Yes, yes, back to school! One of the researchers called “The Captain’s Daughter” Pushkin’s most Christian work. There is no point in describing the plot and changes in the positive characters of a well-known story; it makes sense to re-read it with adult eyes.

7) Anton Pavlovich Chekhov “Student”

This is a story about how compassion transforms people, about what true happiness is (how it is inextricably linked to the good of other people), and about the events of Holy Week, the last week before Easter. The story is built on the antithesis of unhappiness and happiness, loneliness and unity. Its plot is very simple, and the emphasis is on the lives and experiences of ordinary people. But at the same time, it is very deep and symbolic, like many of Chekhov’s stories.

8) Elinor Porter "Polyanna"

Many people know the story about the resilient girl Polianna, who knew how to find joy even in the saddest events. Her openness, sincerity, and kindness attracted and transformed even the harshest people. When Pollyanna got into trouble, even her enemies reconciled and united to help her. The novel wonderfully shows the power of love, joy and acceptance.

Thanks to the book, psychologists even identified and described the “Polyanna principle,” according to which people tend to agree, first of all, with positive statements that apply to themselves.

“There is no more enlightening, soul-cleansing feeling than that which a person feels when becoming acquainted with a great work of art,” wrote M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Wishing you the transformative joy of reading!

on literature. 2016

Why, after seeing Sonya, did Raskolnikov return to the office?

Seeing Sonya, Raskolnikov returned to the office, because the girl was a kind of “anchor” of the hero, warning him against bad actions and guiding him to salvation.

It was Marmeladova who pushed Rodion to confess. The author portrayed this character to save the soul of Raskolnikov, who was lost in his own theory. Before coming to the office, Rodion promised the believing Sonya that he would confess, because murder is one of the most serious sins. It was very difficult for the hero to tell the truth. However, seeing Sonya, who appeared before him as a reminder of the promise, stepping over himself, “with pale lips, with a fixed gaze,” the hero took this decisive step towards his salvation.

I believe that it was precisely because of his vow that Raskolnikov gathered his will into a fist and returned to the office again.

In what works of Russian literature do heroes go through difficult life trials and deep disappointments, and in what ways can these characters be compared with Raskolnikov?

There are many works in which the heroes go through difficult life trials and deep disappointments.

For example, the character of Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is Yevgeny Bazarov. The hero is a nihilist; he denies all generally accepted norms of behavior. However, a turning point occurs in his life, which served as a kind of test for him. Evgeniy fell unrequitedly in love and realized that the theory of his views was imperfect and that there really was a bright feeling in the world - love. Having gone through a difficult time for himself, the hero became disillusioned with life, so he devoted himself completely to work. Like Raskolnikov, Bazarov’s life after the turning point was monotonous, filled with experiences. Each hero experienced a strong shock, which can be interpreted as punishment or deliverance. Bazarov dies from blood poisoning, and Raskolnikov was sent to hard labor. These moments helped the characters understand the true values ​​in life. Bazarov says goodbye to Odintsova and his parents, realizing how much these people mean to him. And Rodion had a chance to repent of his sin and start life anew, together with Sonya.

Another character whose share of trials and deep disappointments fell is Evgeny, the hero of A. S. Pushkin’s poem “The Bronze Horseman.” The character's life was calm and monotonous. He dreamed of quiet family happiness with his beloved Parasha. However, everything changed after another flood in St. Petersburg. The "Neva current" carried away Parasha's house. For the hero, this was a severe blow, from which he could not recover. All his plans and dreams collapsed along with her. The author portrays a “little man” who was able to challenge society. In order to find the strength in himself for such an action, Eugene had to overcome the difficulties of accepting reality and endure utter disappointment in life. The hero could not cope with the load that had fallen on him and went crazy, and later died on one of the streets of St. Petersburg.

I believe that literature depicts many heroes with complex life histories, and the heroes of Turgenev's novel and Pushkin's poem are just a few of them.

Why does the “condescension” of the first snow appear in the poem “Walksnow…” as a significant event, a turning point in a person’s life?

The “descendence” of the first snow in the poem “It was snowing...” appears as a significant event, a turning point in a person’s life, because it symbolizes a new, clean page of life for the heroes, which remains their kind of utopia.

It was at the moment of the couple’s serious conversation that the first snow fell. Nature created the right atmosphere for the heroes and allowed them to believe “in a bright dream.” The author depicts clean land, powdered with white snow, and as if gives them a chance for a new life, started from the same snow-white leaf. However, at the same moment the heroes came to their senses, all that fictitious fairy tale was left behind, but in reality, “the delight of the soul replaced despair...”.

I believe that the “descending” of the first snow symbolizes the possible beginning of a new life, a new round of relationships, which is why it is so important for a couple.

Which works of Russian poetry show the beneficial influence of nature on humans and how are they similar to the poem by V.N. Sokolov?

Many works of Russian poetry show the beneficial influence of nature on humans.

For example, Yesenin’s poem “Birch”. In it, the lyrical hero also describes actions taking place in winter. He also sees the beauty of the winter landscape in a special light. In Yesenin’s poem, snow “like silver” covers nature, it turns golden at dawn and covers the world around us with ever new sheets of winter velvet. The author expresses that thanks to this beauty, a person feels all the charm of his home and admires its open spaces. As in Sokolov’s poem, the hero notices the beauty of the world around him and notes the uniqueness of the winter landscape.

In Pushkin’s work “Winter Morning,” the hero also notes the beauty of the winter landscape and also compares a new day with the beginning of a new, fresh life. But Pushkin’s life appears as something figurative and distant, starting in the morning of a sunny, frosty day. And Sokolov’s chance for a “clean slate” comes with the first snow. During the description of the winter landscape, the heroes of each work manage to experience a whole host of feelings. In Pushkin, the character is impressed by the views of the winter morning, nature gives him a breath of “fresh air” and makes him show even greater zeal for life: “It’s nice to think by the bed. But you know: shouldn’t we tell the brown filly to be banned from the sled?” Whereas in Sokolov's heroes only for a moment succumb to the magical charms of nature and think about a bright future.

I believe that it is in these poems that the beneficial influence of nature on humans is shown most clearly.

How does the main character of the novel A.S. change? Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" under the influence of life circumstances?

A.S. Pushkin is a great writer and poet of our Fatherland. “Eugene Onegin” is one of the author’s most famous works. Pushkin himself defined its genre as a novel in verse. And indeed, there is a rhyme in the work, but at the same time, a large branched plot can be traced in it. In addition, especially for writing this work, the author came up with his own poetic size - the Onegin stanza. There are a number of distinctive features that allow the reader to distinguish this work for himself.

Some of them are in the plot itself. The main character of the novel is Eugene Onegin. It is the life story of this character that the reader follows throughout the entire work. The novel begins with a description of Eugene's idle life in the city. We see a young man who entertains himself like the entire secular society of that time: balls, evenings, restaurants. The author portrays a “superfluous person” who cannot find a place for himself among other people. Onegin became bored with such a life. Eugene’s usual life is disrupted by the news of his uncle’s death. This event forces the “young rake” to move to the village.
There Onegin continues to mope. However, it is in the village that the best qualities of the hero appear. For example, to make life easier for his peasants, he introduces quitrent instead of corvee. In the village he met a new person for him - Vladimir Lensky. The life story of this man left a mark on Onegin’s life. Evgeny treated Lensky tolerantly and condescendingly, because this was his only company in the village. However, after the Larins’ ball, when the hero hit on Vladimir’s beloved, a duel took place between them, in which Onegin killed his comrade. He was never able to go against the rules of society and not show up for the duel. But thanks to these events, we see another hero - a sufferer who sincerely worries about the fate of young Vladimir.

Also in the village, Onegin was able to meet a girl who loved him with all her heart - Tatyana Larina. Unfortunately, Evgeniy valued his freedom too much, so he did not reciprocate the girl’s feelings. At the moment, for him, her feelings are just a game, a childish delusion. He did not appreciate the gift that Tatyana could give him. Thus, Onegin disappointed the girl and doomed her to the suffering of unrequited love.

After the duel, Evgeniy was forced to leave. The next time the reader can see the hero after a certain period of time. He meets an old friend at one of the social evenings. A friend introduces Onegin to his wife, who by chance turns out to be the same Tatyana Larina. Evgeny immediately falls in love with a new woman who amazed him with her beauty. At this moment we can see another Onegin - a truly suffering, loving hero. There is no trace left of the arrogant person. This is evidenced by his methods of achieving the heroine. Knowing that Tatyana is married, he continues to write her letters, to which he never receives an answer. One day, having come to her home and finding her alone, he declares his love for her, but Tatyana remains faithful to her husband and does not give in to Evgeniy’s words.

Thus, we can observe a peculiar evolution of the hero: from an arrogant egoist to a feeling and loving person. I believe that Evgeniy’s life path is very complex, and therefore requires special attention from the reader. The author ends his work in such a way that we can figure out for ourselves whether this suffering “extra person” has found his place or has remained left out of the whole society.

Irina Serezhenko

Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is a work that tells us about the life of a secular youth and how Eugene Onegin changes throughout his life’s journey.

How Evgeny Onegin changes

To the question: “Has Onegin changed?”, there will be a positive answer. Why did Onegin change? Everything is very simple. In his novel, the author covered a long period of time that concerned the life of the main character. At first we see an eighteen-year-old guy, and at the end of the novel he is a twenty-six-year-old young man. During this period of time it is impossible not to change, so Evgeny Onegin went through his evolution and these changes are clearly visible.

How exactly does Onegin change throughout the novel? Right away we see a spoiled guy, a typical rake, who devotes all his time to entertainment and conversations about nothing. He learns without delving into details, as Pushkin writes “something” and “somehow.” Onegin dresses in the latest fashion and is constantly among high society. It’s just that he’s tired of such a monotonous, aimless life, and here we see how the main character Onegin changes. He exchanges the life of a dandy for life on an estate and even finds something interesting to do, although not for long.

Rural life quickly got tired and "from nothing to do" he makes a friend in the person of Lensky, who introduced Onegin to the Larins. When he met Tatyana, he failed to pass the test of love, as he was not capable of sincere feelings. And it didn’t last long. Lensky dies in a duel, and then Onegin realizes how terrible and terrible an act he has committed. This murder turned his life upside down. Unable to survive this act, he travels, and when he returned, he became a slightly different person. Now Onegin is serious, attentive, he is no stranger to strong feelings that he had not previously suspected. So, when he met Tatyana again at the ball, who by that time was already married, he truly fell in love. Now he, too, became aware of the feelings of jealousy and suffering.

Has Tatiana's attitude towards Onegin changed? Yes and no. If we talk about feelings, then love has not passed. But her opinion about Onegin changed and, if at first he seemed to her like a hero from her favorite novels, then, having visited his house, she realized that he was an ordinary young man. For her, his primary appearance was lost; he became just an imitation of her dreams.

Evgeny Onegin was a young Petersburger; at the time the novel began, he was twenty-six years old. The author briefly describes his life: he studied “something and somehow,” that is, he was completely unaccustomed to serious, consistent work. But since he was gifted with abilities by nature to a sufficient extent, they still had to manifest themselves in some way.

He began to lead a social life at the age of sixteen, and very soon he became bored with it, because it was predictable and monotonous. At the same time, she significantly corrupted Eugene, who was already unaccustomed to tension (“But was my Eugene happy?”). Hypocrisy and cold flirting killed his youthful daydreaming and romance and made him a bored cynic. Eugene skillfully portrayed feelings in order to succeed in secular society (“The less we love a woman, / The easier it is for her to like us”). But having become a virtuoso in this game, having reached the limit, he involuntarily went beyond it and was disappointed (“Greatly distracted, he looked, / Turned away - and yawned”).

This happened because a person can, of course, adapt to almost any system of relationships, but such adaptation will be accompanied by certain reactions (“In short: Russian blues/ I mastered it little by little." A person has a very definite moral nature; a person by calling is a creator who sincerely loves other people. But in order to identify the true purpose of a person, it is desirable for him to exist in an appropriate social environment, which stimulates precisely the highest, creative principle. If society is built on distorted foundations, then man is distorted under its influence. He can resist the curved environment, but then the stamp of drama will be placed on his position.

Eugene Onegin was not an outstanding person to be able to cope with the corrupting influence of an incorrectly structured society, but he clearly understood its falsehood and withdrew from such a life. At the same time, he did not find an equivalent replacement, because his seclusion would be good if he worked hard systematically, but "hard work was sickening to him." At the same time, he was a zealous owner. The author, completely without irony, reports that Onegin “read Adam Smith” and “He replaced the old corvée with a yarem / I replaced the quitrent with a light quitrent.”

He continued to be bored in the village. Having met Vladimir Lensky, he fell in love with him, because he reminded him of his younger years, when he himself was full of energy, ebullient and hot, before he had time to become disillusioned with the world he so passionately aspired to. Onegin was captivated by the spontaneity and originality of the young friend (“He listened to Lensky with a smile”, “He tried to keep a cooling word / He tried to keep it in his mouth”).

A chance acquaintance with the Larin family did not inspire Onegin a bit, but he already singled out Tatiana:

“Are you really in love with the smaller one?” "And what?" - “I would choose another, If I were like you, a poet...”

An amazing fact: the girls were not even introduced to the new guest.

Onegin’s sudden love for Tatyana did not evoke a response - he was still too satiated, “But he did not want to deceive / The gullibility of an innocent soul” and was able to adequately explain himself to Tatyana, giving her her due:

If I were captivated by the family picture, even for a single moment, - That would be true, except for you alone, I would not look for another Bride.

It was not for nothing that Evgeny Onegin withdrew from the world. He continued to remain a noble man, although his nobility was passive. The quarrel with Lensky was entirely invented by him. He himself was well aware of this (“Having called himself to a secret trial, / He accused himself of many things...”), but he turned out to be unable to escape the formal habits and rules of the world, even after actually leaving it. The high-society games and masks in his soul turned out to be stronger than the firm awareness of the episode (“But the wildly secular enmity / Afraid of false shame”). He was afraid of the “whispers, the laughter of fools” and killed his friend, thereby killing something in himself. Material from the site

Onegin left because he wanted to run away from himself, but he did not have the mental strength to deeply repent and change his life. A meeting with Tatyana a few years later amazed him. Tatyana turned into a goddess, retaining her spiritual power, and Onegin realized that his flight was in vain.

But at a late and barren age, At the turn of our years, The passion of a dead trace is sad...

Life, one way or another, led Onegin to the logical conclusion of his youth - this is a complete collapse, which can only be survived by severely rethinking his previous life. To enhance the effect, Pushkin made Onegin fall in love with Tatyana, but it could have been another woman. The point is that the masks and roles instilled from early youth suffer a cruel defeat, and life thus gives the hero a chance to renew moral feelings, a chance for new meanings of existence. It is known that in the last, encrypted chapter, Pushkin brings his hero to the camp of the Decembrists.

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We meet Evgeny Onegin at the beginning of the first chapter, the origins of E.O.’s character are gradually revealed to us, namely his upbringing and way of life. One can say about Onegin that he was not sufficiently educated. We learn that the hero was brought up like all the metropolitan aristocrats of that time. His father, who had a military rank, loved to live large. Therefore, over time, he went bankrupt, throwing all his fortune down the drain. The father did not pay any attention to Eugene’s upbringing - the boy was raised by French governesses and tutors. " We all learned a little, something and somehow». « Onegin was, in the opinion of many (decisive and strict judges), a learned fellow, but a pedant: he had a happy talent without coercion in conversation touch everything lightly, with the learned air of a connoisseur, to remain silent in an important dispute, and to arouse the smiles of ladies with the Fire of unexpected epigrams" Most « beloved» science for the hero was “ the science of tender passion" What was the wisdom of this science? In, to lie, flatter, play, but achieve your goal at any cost. It is important that true feelings in this science were not valued at all and had no meaning.

Secular entertainments - balls, restaurants, theaters, replacing each other in a whirlwind - this is how Onegin’s life flowed. Pushkin emphasizes that Evgeniy led a lifestyle typical of his circle, which consisted of idle " doing nothing»: « He wakes up at noon, and again until the morning his life is ready, monotonous and colorful.».

And at one fine moment, Onegin became bored with everything that surrounds him - the light and what it has to offer. The hero was defeated by the Russian " blues”, which he tried to overcome in a variety of ways - reading books, moving away from the world, the desire to travel, and so on. At that time, Onegin was distinguished by “ involuntary devotion to dreams, inimitable strangeness and a sharp, chilled mind».

Thus, the first chapter of the novel gives an idea of ​​Onegin as an ambiguous person. At first glance it is clear that the hero has great internal potential. And at the same time, from childhood he is a slave to the light, the way of life and thought imposed on him.

The hero is trying to engage in some useful activity, “yawning, and taking up his pen.” But the lordly perception and lack of habit of work played their role, so Onegin does not complete any of his undertakings. In the village, he tries to organize the life of the peasants. But, having carried out one reform, he happily gives up this occupation too.
Having cooled off towards society, having become disillusioned with people, Onegin sincerely becomes attached to Lensky. But the hero’s fate develops in such a way that he kills his friend in a duel, succumbing to class prejudices, afraid of “the whispers, the laughter of fools.” At this moment, the hero was unable to rise above the opinion of society, which he himself despised in his soul.
Because of his own selfishness, Onegin also rejects the sincere love of Tatyana Larina. But the hero is not devoid of such a quality as “direct nobility of soul.” So, he does not give Tatyana empty hopes, telling her the truth that he cannot reciprocate her feelings.
Depressed, Onegin leaves the village and begins to wander around Russia. In these travels, the hero overestimates his life, his actions, his attitude towards the surrounding reality.

After the trip, the scale of Onegin’s worldview changed. Now he has become a “stranger” to the “world” (but he was “very nice”). Intense experiences and reflections enriched his inner world. From now on, he is able not only to coldly analyze, but also to deeply feel and love. For Pushkin, love is an opportunity to “awaken the soul.” After Tatyana’s refusal, after the moral shock at the end of the novel Onegin must start a new life; it can no longer develop in the same direction.