Complicated sentence types. The concept of a complicated sentence. The main types of complications. Sentences complicated by homogeneous members

Complicated is a simple sentence that contains an additional message in relation to the main message, designed in a non-expanded form, that is, not containing a grammatical basis: Imagination,born of life, in turn, sometimes receives power over life(Paust.). In terms of meaning, complicated simple sentences are similar to complex ones: an additional message can be converted into an independent one that has a grammatical basis: Imagination,which is born of lifein turn, it sometimes gains power over life.

An additional message can be represented as a turnover - a group of words in which there is a main and dependent (dependent) words.

The participial turnover is a participle together with the words dependent on it: Truth expressed in words is a powerful force in the lives of people(L. T.). Participial phrases answer questions of definitions and usually characterize nouns. The allocation of participial turnover in writing with commas depends on its location in the sentence relative to the characterized (defined) word.

A participle turnover is a participle together with words dependent on it: A man, chopping a hut, got angry at his ax(Cr.). Participles are circumstances and denote an additional action in relation to the main action expressed in the predicate. It is important to remember that the action called a gerund in a sentence is attributed to the actor who is designated as the subject. If you do not take this pattern into account, you can make a grammatical error. Yes, proposal Doing my homework, I turn off the radio incorrectly constructed: subject - radio, which means that the action called the adverbial turnover is attributed to him do homework; the meaning is distorted - it's not the radio that does the lessons. Correct option: Doing my homework, I turn off the radio- in this sentence to a noun radio questions of the accusative case already apply, and the subject is the pronoun I, action is attributed to him do homework, i.e. I turn off the radio and do my homework.

The comparative turnover is called so not by the parts of speech included in it, but by its function. With the help of a comparative turnover, the author of the statement compares objects, actions, states: In the forest, as in a good book, there is always an unread page.(L. L.). Comparative turnover can be expressed by a noun with or without dependent words and must be joined with the help of conjunctions as, as if, as if, as if, exactly.

According to their meaning, the excretory-restrictive turns were also named: Now she, in addition to all her troubles, is busy reconciling

Oblonsky(L. T.). You can put questions of additions to them (except for what? - apart from all your troubles) therefore they are also called stand-alone additions. They are easy to recognize by the prepositions that are part of the revolutions: except for, besides, instead of, along with, over, except for.

The structure of a simple sentence can be complicated by both turnovers and single words, for example, a single gerund: Flaming, burning down, candles in rattling lanterns(Paust.).

An application is a secondary member of a sentence that answers the question of a definition, but, unlike it, is always expressed by a noun in the same case as the characterized word. The application can be both widespread (in the form of turnover): But our northern summer, a caricature of southern winters, will flicker and disappear...(P.), and single: A predatory animal lived near a snow-covered hut - ermine(Bian.).

A simple sentence can be complicated by homogeneous and clarifying members of the sentence, as well as words that are not grammatically related to the sentence: introductory constructions and appeals.

Any members of the sentence can be homogeneous - both main and secondary: Poisonous yellow flowers emerge from under the black forest water and immediately bloom over the water.(Prish.) - homogeneous predicates; It smelled of fresh grass, sage, the resinous scent of a nearby pine forest.(B.) - homogeneous additions. As can be seen from the examples, homogeneous members of the sentence are connected by coordinating unions or form union-free series.

Circumstances with the meaning of place and time often act as clarifying members of the sentence: Behind the outskirts, at the windmill, an old man was sitting on a mound(M.-P.); All the days, from dawn to dark, we spent on the banks of countless channels and lakes(Paust.). It must be remembered that a clarifying circumstance is in the event that it refers to another circumstance of similar significance, i.e., the circumstance of place can only be specified by the circumstance of place. This means that the proposal The lecture will take place in the auditorium at 11 a.m. there is no clarifying circumstance: the first - in the Assembly hall- has the meaning of place and cannot be specified by the circumstance of time at 11; this offer is uncomplicated.

Words that are not grammatically related to the sentence cannot be questioned; this distinguishes them from the members of the sentence.

Introductory constructions are used to show the attitude of the speaker to the statement. They can be used to express confidence: Harder than all artistsCertainly, word artist(adj.), uncertainty: Still in courtMay be,I'll go on my sister's business(L.T.), give an emotional assessment of the events: Finally,to our indescribable joy,Yermolai is back(L. T.); And now it's notUnfortunately(Ch.).

Introductory words indicate the source of the message: After all, there were combat fights, yes,They say,what else!(L.), in the order of thoughts: This morning he had two things to do:Firstly,receive and send a deputation of foreigners going to St. Petersburg;Secondlywrite the promised letter to the lawyer(L. T.).

The appeal names the addressee of the speech (a person, animal or object of inanimate nature), to whom the statement is addressed: noble reader,Are all your relatives healthy?(P.); Who,waves,stopped you?(P.)

T114. Which sentence is simple compound?

• 1) The deadline for filing a tax return is the twenty-fifth of April.
• 2) The test is scheduled for Monday, and we have already begun to prepare.
• 3) The applications were signed and handed over to the office yesterday.
• 4) There are natural phenomena that are still very little studied.

T115. I. A. Krylov, the great Russian fabulist, was a contemporary AS. Pushkin. This simple sentence is complicated:

• 1) homogeneous subjects
• 2) a separate common definition
• 3) a separate common application
• 4) introductory words

T116. Choose the correct option to continue the sentence: Passing over the bridge

• 1) My hat fell off.
• 2) We are having trouble.
• 3) the path was difficult.
• 4) the carriage did not catch on the fence.

Simple sentences may or may not be complicated. Complications can be different.

1. Sentences complicated by homogeneous members

Homogeneous are two or more terms that answer the same question, refer to the same word and, therefore, perform the same syntactic role. For example: American, European and Russian entrepreneurs are actively interacting with each other.
All members of a sentence can be homogeneous. Homogeneous members are equal in rights and do not depend on each other.
They can be common: The snow was quietly falling and melting on the warm ground; and uncommon: The snow was falling and melting.
Homogeneous members are separated from each other by a comma. When homogeneous members are separated by commas, and when not, see the section: "Punctuation".
We would like to answer here the very difficult question of which definitions are called heterogeneous. Heterogeneous definitions:
- characterize the subject from different angles, for example: In the corner stood an old German grand piano;
- one of the definitions refers to the phrase word + another definition, for example: Autumn quiet dream of nature(autumn refers to the phrase quiet sleep);
- do not have enumeration intonation;
- often belong to different categories of adjectives;
- they cannot be combined with the union And: Old german table(the table cannot be old on one side and German on the other)

The use of prepositions with homogeneous members

The preposition is repeated
- If homogeneous members are connected by repeating and comparative unions, for example: Collective farms in those days experienced a great shortage in cars, and in tax, and in inventory, and in people; He tried not so much for his own well-being, but for the good of the common cause.
- If the absence of a preposition can cause confusion in understanding the sentence, for example: Textbooks on literary reading and literature delivered to the school library(if there was no pretext, one might think that they brought one kind of textbook, and not two).
- With a significant distribution of homogeneous members, for example: Dust lay in a thick layer on a table upholstered in green cloth, on a leather sofa with a wide back, on an old armchair.

The preposition is not repeated in the interests of euphony if the next word begins with the same consonant as the preposition, for example: Canvas sleeves were rolled out to a pond or a well.

Errors in the use of homogeneous members

a) Combination of real incomparable concepts, for example: blushed from embarrassment and from running; compared to eternity and Mont Blanc. In literary texts, such combinations are used to create a comic effect.
b) Lexical incompatibility of one of the homogeneous members with a common word for them, for example: During the debate, a number of proposals and comments were made (comments are not made, but made).
c) Generic and specific concepts are not combined as homogeneous members, for example: Our store has a large selection of cakes, confectionery, fruits and wines (the second includes the first).
d) An error is a construction in which the controlled word can be assigned to different rows of homogeneous members, for example: Training of hunters for the extermination of wolves and those responsible for carrying out this event.
e) Dissimilar morphological categories, such as a noun and an infinitive, are not combined as homogeneous members, for example: We have made commitments: improve product quality, decline cost, raise performance(it was necessary to use one form in all cases, either an infinitive or a noun).
f) If there is a generalizing word in the sentence, homogeneous members must agree with it in the case, for example: This information is distributed in various publications: newspapers, magazines, books(cf .: in various publications: newspapers, magazines, books).
g) Do not combine as homogeneous syntactic elements the members of the sentence (participial and adverbial constructions) and subordinate clauses, for example: Speakers in the debate, without objecting to the main provisions of the report, however, consider it incomplete; The father, sighing and obviously embarrassed, very soon interrupted his speech..

2. Sentences complicated by separate members

Separate, i.e., highlighted commas, are called secondary members of the sentence (they can be expressed in one word or a group of words), highlighted in meaning and intonation. Any minor members of the sentence can be isolated. Usually they: have greater semantic independence than non-separate members; contain some additional message and are logically underlined; clarify and concretize the idea expressed by the main members; add expressive coloring to the sentence.
For example: Actions, taken yesterday, gave a positive result; Boy, taller than me, confidently walked forward; There was no one else in the house besides us; We stood looking at that how the company is being torn apart, and could not do anything.

3. Comparative turnovers

Comparative phrases express comparison, comparison, identification and are part of a simple sentence, they are not a separate member of the sentence, they carry the meaning of an attribute of an object or an attribute of an action: daffodils, like bars of silver shimmering from the blooming carpet. They are also isolated, that is, they are separated by commas.

4. Sentences complicated by words that are not members of the sentence

These are sentences with appeals and introductory words.
An address is a word or phrase that names the person or object to which the speech is addressed. The appeal is always separated by commas. For example: Maria Ivanovna We invite you to the concert, which will take place on January 24.
Introductory words (phrases, sentences) are words expressing the speaker's attitude to the statement: Unfortunately, We lost.

5. Proposals complicated by plug-in structures

Plug-in constructions are words, phrases, sentences related to the content of the sentence and containing additional information, incidentally made comments, amendments, clarifications. They have a special intonation, they can explain both the whole sentence and part of it, they are placed in the middle or at the end of the sentence, they do not indicate the source of the message, emotions. In writing, plug-in constructions are distinguished by brackets, sometimes by a dash. For example: He ( Pavel Ivanovich) was excited.

The classification of syntactic units in the Russian language is quite complex, it includes many different concepts, among which there is a simple complicated sentence. This topic is studied in grade 11 and requires a lot of attention from students, since many punctuation rules are based on it.

What is a simple complicated sentence and its examples

So, a simple complicated sentence is such a syntactic unit, the construction of which, in addition to the usual members of the sentence, also includes other constructions without a grammatical basis. This refers to introductory words, appeals and insertions.

Often, simple complicated sentences are confused with complex ones, because they resemble them in structure, but at the same time differ in semantics.

The difference between a complex sentence and a simple complicated one is that a complex sentence has two or more grammatical bases, while a simple one has only one. Thus, if you find the subject and the predicate (or only one of these main members, if we are talking about a one-part sentence), then it is easy to determine which sentence it is.

To better understand this issue, you need to consider examples of a simple complicated sentence.

Viktor Petrovich, let us leave early - in this sentence the grammatical basis consists of one verb, and the appeal complicates it - it does not have its own grammatical basis, but it is closely connected in meaning with the main part of the syntactic unit.

Thus, we can conclude that the complicating component is some kind of additional statement that is associated with the sentence.

Classification of elements complicating a simple sentence

To begin with, consider the table in which they are listed with examples:

An appeal can also act as a complicating construction, that is, the name of the person to whom the speech is addressed: Son, bring me a saw.

Punctuation marks in a simple compound sentence

The rules that govern their setting are quite simple, but they need to be remembered.

So, if the sentence is complicated by homogeneous members, then a comma is not placed between them and the main part of the syntactic unit, but a colon can be placed if there is a defining word.

All other constructions, that is, appeals, introductory words, insertions and isolated members of the sentence, are separated from its main part with a comma.

What have we learned?

A simple complicated sentence is a sentence with one grammatical basis, which can be complicated by a variety of constructions, including homogeneous sentence members, introductory words and insertions, appeals, as well as separate sentence members (and circumstances, and definitions, and additions). It is possible to determine whether this sentence is complex or simple, but complicated, after the grammatical basis is found. If there is only one, then it is a simple sentence, and what appears to be another sentence is simply an element that complicates it. To understand what punctuation marks should be put in a complicated sentence, first determine what exactly complicates it. If these are homogeneous members, then it is not necessary to separate them from the main syntactic construction; in all other cases, a comma between the main part of the sentence and what complicates it is required.

Complicated simple sentence - what is it? An exhaustive answer to the question posed will be given in the presented article. In addition, we will tell you about how a simple sentence can be complicated, as well as about which ones work in a particular case.

general information

A complicated simple sentence is a sentence that includes some kind of syntactic construction. Moreover, it should not have a grammatical basis.

It should be noted that among the constructions that complicate a simple application, definitions, additions, circumstances, and so on stand out. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Homogeneous Members

What does a simple compound sentence look like? Examples are provided in this article.

If you need to complicate any sentence, then homogeneous members are ideal for this. As a rule, this term is used in relation to those lexical units that answer the same questions, and are also associated with the same word. It should be noted that such members of the sentence are usually separated by commas (from each other). Let's give a clear example: "He collected information for an article in Moscow, and in Orenburg, and in Ufa."

Definitions

How is the sentence (simple) complicated, which is presented below: "The road, paved with tiles, went into the forest." It is difficult to define. This is a minor member, denoting a sign of an object and answering the following questions: "what?", "what?", "whose?" In this case, this is a separate definition. It should be noted that such expressions can be adjectives or pronouns with and without dependent words, as well as participles or participles and (rarely) numerals.

Let's take an illustrative example:

• “By nature timid and modest, he was always annoyed at his own character traits.” This is a separate definition that refers to a pronoun.
• “On the silver window from the frost, the flowers faded overnight.” This is a non-delimited definition.

How is such a complicated simple sentence isolated? This can be seen from the examples above. Commas should be used to highlight definitions that come after the defined lexical unit or refer to a personal pronoun.

Applications

A simple complicated sentence (a knowledge test on this topic is very often given after the theoretical part) may include any application, that is, a definition expressed by a noun. As a rule, it gives a completely different name, which characterizes the chosen object in a peculiar way. Here are some illustrative examples:

Punctuation of a simple compound sentence with an appendix:

• separate personal pronouns;
• applications with the union "as" are separated;
• common applications that appear after the word being defined are isolated;
• the comma is replaced by a dash if the appendix is ​​at the very end of the sentence.

Add-ons

An addition is a secondary member of a sentence, denoting an object and answering questions of indirect cases. Such turns are isolated if they include the following words: besides, besides, over, including, except for, along with, excluding, instead of etc. For clarity, we give an example:

• "She heard nothing but the sound of rain."
• “I really liked the article, except for some details.”

Circumstances

A circumstance is a secondary member of the sentence, indicating the time, place, mode of action and reason, as well as answering the questions "when?", "Where?" "why?", "how?" Here's an example:

It should be noted that circumstances are always isolated if they are expressed by a gerund or as well as turns "despite the + noun".

Introductory constructions and appeals

A complicated simple sentence is the one in which there is (address) naming the person or object to whom or what they are addressing with a certain speech. Also, introductory constructions can be used instead of appeal. These are words, combinations or whole sentences, with the help of which the speaker expresses his subjective attitude to the content of a particular statement (for example, feelings, uncertainty / confidence, order of thoughts, source of the statement, ways of expressing thoughts, etc.).

It should be noted that references are always separated by commas. As for introductory structures, they can be separated with a dash or brackets. To illustrate, here are a few examples:

• "Once - I don't remember why - there was no concert."
• "The winter seems to be cold."
• "The essence of American films (if you've seen them) is somewhat monotonous."
• "Oh Mary, how beautiful you are."

Specifying members of a sentence

Clarifying members of a sentence are those that explain others. It should be noted that most often clarifying are the circumstances of time and place. In addition, definitions sometimes act as such members of a sentence.

Here are some examples:

• “The downpour began in the evening, around eight o’clock.”
• "Ahead, at the very roadside, a large fire was burning."

Qualifying members are always separated by commas.

How to define a simple complicated sentence

If you come across a task in which you need to find a simple complicated sentence, then perhaps the following algorithm will help you:

• Eliminate all sentences without punctuation marks.
• Highlight the stem and eliminate those sentences where punctuation marks separate the stem from each other.
• Regarding the rest of the sentences, you should try to find out why they have certain punctuation marks (introductory words, homogeneous members, adverbial or participial phrases, etc.).

A simple complicated sentence is a sentence that includes syntactic constructions that do not have a grammatical basis. Among the constructions that complicate a simple sentence, introductory words, inversions and insertions stand out.

The concept of a simple compound sentence

Often, a simple complicated sentence in its semantics is very similar to a complex one, but it is not. In order to find out whether a sentence is complex or simple complicated, it is necessary to determine the grammatical basis of this sentence.

In a simple compound sentence, the compounding component never has a grammatical basis, but is an additional statement that depends on the main clause.

For example: Anton Olegovich, let us draw a wall newspaper.

In this simple complicated sentence, the complicated construction of the appeal is interconnected with the main sentence and acts as an addition to it.

Complicating components of a simple compound sentence

Most often, homogeneous members of the sentence act as a complicating component of such sentences.

For example: Neither new toys, nor a delicious cake, nor fun games - nothing pleased the birthday girl. We see that the homogeneous members of this sentence - toys, cake, games - do not form part of the grammatical basis. Introductory words also complicate a simple sentence.

For example: Natasha is likely to watch a movie today. Among the complicating components are appeals.

For example: Oh, Peter, Ivanovich, let me be frank today. The clarifying members of the sentence complicate a simple sentence.

For example: Near the house, on a pile of old sedges, Vasya and Petya were already waiting.

Separate definitions as complicating elements

Simple sentences are very often complicated by separations. In Russian philology, four main groups of isolations are distinguished, which are included in a simple sentence, thereby complicating it. Among them:

1. Separate definitions. Example: A path paved with fine gravel went up.

2. Separate additions. Example: The entire team, excluding Pavel Petrovich, was assembled.

3. Standalone applications. Example: We lawyers know the value of the law.

4. Separate circumstances. Example: Cyril, despite the intervention of his father, arranged everything at his own discretion.