On the way, Nekrasov's analysis is according to plan. Characteristics and analysis of the poem “On the Road” by N. A. Nekrasova. Meet the main character

Nekrasov worked hard on the work in 1845. Since the poet failed after the collection “Dreams and Sounds,” he tried and put all his strength into his work. He decided to change the themes of his work and make everyday life the main object of his works, writing about people’s lives and everyday problems that concerned the common people.

After V. G. Belinsky read this work, he was shocked. Despite the simplicity and ordinariness of the theme of the difficult fate of the peasantry, Belinsky gave a rather high rating to what was written:

Do you know that you are a poet, and a true poet!

Genre, direction and size

To a greater extent, Nekrasov wrote in the direction of realism. It is worth adding that “On the Road” is classified as civil poetry. The poet tried to convey the naturalness of the life of the peasantry, all the authenticity of what was happening in those days.

The work is written in the form of a conversation between a coachman. In terms of genre, it in some sense relates to coachman songs, goes back to folklore and is at the junction between the lyrical and epic principles.

Size: three-foot anapest. The rhyme is lively and energetic due to the interweaving of masculine and feminine, and there is also a chaotic rhyme of cross, pair and ring.

Images and symbols

The lyrical hero in Nekrasov’s work “On the Road” experiences incredible boredom from life and melancholy. And in order to somehow have fun, he asks the coachman to help him with this, so that he will entertain him with some story, tell him something. This is an inquisitive traveler who does not shy away from talking with ordinary people and does not behave arrogantly. He is interested in the whole world, without exception. This is what a real poet should be. He is distinguished from others by his subtle perception of the world, the ability to analyze and reason. He knows and understands that a peasant’s wife, brought up in the traditions and morals of a manor’s house, cannot fall in love with the hard and ugly village life.

But the fact is that the coachman has no time for fun, he is worried about his wife, so he tells the master the story of his life. This is an ordinary peasant with a traditional set of values: family, home, land. But everything with him is not like with people, because he got an atypical lady as his wife. All the time he suffers from the fact that she is unhappy with his company, and his entire set of life attitudes is alien to her.

His wife, a peasant woman named Grusha, was raised in a manor house and had the opportunity to receive a good education. She learned to read and even learned to play the organ. But after the death of the master and the growing up of the young lady, with whom the girl was a companion, the refined and unsuited for physical labor, Grusha was sent back to the village, where she was forcibly married not for love to a rude and unkempt man. All her suffering is no longer from work that she is not used to doing, but from violence and powerlessness, from the inability to control her destiny. This is an intelligent, sensitive and gifted nature, which the owners only crippled with their patronage. If she had been brought up like everyone else, none of this would have happened, but the Lord's coming is more important than her fate. The feelings and talents of the girl were trampled on by another whim.

The coachman is still at a loss and does not understand. What did he do, because all his life, according to him, he treated her well. He only beat her when she was drunk, but that doesn't count. The coachman is too simple and stupid, and does not understand why his wife does not behave like other women. He lives without second thoughts about the present, does what he does until the moment comes that he has to think about it. Of course, he blames the gentlemen for her “depravity,” but, in fact, they are to blame not for her upbringing, but for not properly settling the girl with such skills.

Themes and mood

1. Nekrasov raises in a poem the theme of the tragedy of human fate which is not its own master. Slavery in his description takes on a sophisticated form. The girl was deceived by vain hopes, lured by an easy and beautiful life, and then, without thinking about her adaptation to new conditions, she was thrown out of the house, and even married against her will. It is impossible to even imagine how she felt when she experienced all the hardships of serfdom herself.
2. The problem of misunderstanding. The lyrical hero, who listens to the coachman's story, understands perfectly well that it is difficult for his wife to live in such conditions not from hard work, but from a violent life, from humiliation. The coachman believes that the peasant woman was ruined by her upbringing, which she received in the manor’s house. He is partly right, but in a country where education and manners interfere with life, a free and highly intellectual personality cannot develop. This is another problem raised by the poet - the backwardness of Russia, mired in serfdom.
3. Love theme. The coachman loves his wife in his own way, but his upbringing includes and provides for a system of corporal punishment. The wife must also work equally with the man, must fulfill marital duties and manage to manage the household. There is no time for music and reading novels. Naturally, he does not understand the true needs and feelings of a woman raised according to the lordly canons. Her love is a romantic and sublime feeling from numerous fictional stories. She perceives life differently, her ideas are close to the ideal learned from books. For her, her husband's love seems like gross ignorance and unbearable vulgarity.
4. The problem of permissiveness and irresponsibility. The gentlemen do not think about the fate of the peasants; their actions are not motivated by anything other than their own whims. They do not consider servants to be people, and all bookish humanism disappears when they dispose of slaves. Neither the king nor the court punishes this in any way, so the nobles use their power without hesitation.
5. Mood it creates a depressing feeling, because nothing can help Grusha, and there are hundreds, and maybe thousands, of such Pears. The problem posed by the author has not been solved, and the main theme (the harshness and injustice of serfdom) did not lose its urgency for many years. This page in Russian history must be considered shameful.

main idea

The theme of landlord arbitrariness is not new to the literature of those years. The heroine of the poem, a peasant girl, at the whim of her master, touched world culture and felt like a person of a different social level, but, in essence, she remained the same slave, and fate proved this very convincingly. The meaning of the author's message to descendants is that you cannot dispose of a person like a thing. He has a mind and feelings, consciousness and will, and, therefore, has the right to self-determination and personal life, which are consistent with his choice. Now this is obvious, but then only advanced thinkers understood it.

The peasant woman returns to her environment and marries a peasant without the skills for peasant labor. Without the habit of such an existence, it is doomed to death. The author unexpectedly compares 2 morals: master's and peasant's. The coachman's family life was not successful, but when telling his story, he openly sympathizes with his wife, understanding the tragedy of her situation: “The gentlemen ruined her.” The true humanism of the simple Russian peasant contrasts with the rigidity of enlightenment and the pseudo-humanity of the masters. This is the main idea of ​​the work: kindness should be in deeds, not in words. Even a rude and drinking man feels sorry for the girl, but not for her smart, respected and sober owners. This means that they are clearly being hypocritical and deceiving themselves, because their souls are a hundred times more primitive than the nature of a village peasant.

Means of artistic expression

Since Nekrasov wrote in the genre of coachman songs, you can find many colloquialisms in his work, such as: “girl”, “woman”, “man”, “bait”, “sick” and “where”. So he reproduces the authentic folk speech without embellishment.

For expressiveness and conveying the emotional mood, the author uses such epithets as: “dashing woman”, “daring coachman”, “tireless work”, and metaphors: “drunk hand”, “persistent boredom”.

Interesting? Save it on your wall!

Nikolai Nekrasov is a writer and poet who can be considered among Russian poets as an expert on the human peasant soul. After all, it was Nekrasov who, throughout his life, wrote many works in which he described all the difficulties of peasant life, the lives of these people, since the peasants at that time were very poor, and they were always forced to work like slaves.

Nikolai Nekrasov often mentions in his works about peasant lives, which were always sad. In addition, the poet often talks in his creative works about marriages between a master and a simple peasant woman. She was beautiful, smart, and so on - and therefore deserved the master’s trust and love. But these marriages are unequal, according to Nekrasov, and not only he thinks so.

In addition, it is in this work that the poet tells in the plot about how a poor peasant girl was with a young lady, almost from birth - and she was beautiful, smart and educated, and besides, she was provided for, since she seemed to be equal to the young young lady. But when the young lady herself grew up, she then married someone equal in blood and status, and therefore left for St. Petersburg. This is where the life of the beautiful girl - good and well-established - ended. The young lady's father died, and she was left completely alone. A new master appeared - the son-in-law of a deceased man. So he made the girl’s life simply unbearable. After all, she was a peasant, despite the fact that she grew up in a rich house and with a young lady. She knew a lot about beautiful clothes, and knew how to speak well, and she was also very educated and smart, but nothing more. In addition, she did not know how to do anything, since she was not taught this. She had white hands, very delicate. Therefore, when she was sent to the village, she did not know how to live. The new master sent her because there was nowhere to put her. And then, so that he could somehow survive, her master married her to a coachman. The girl still could neither cook nor work in the field. Therefore, when the coachman was once carrying the master alone, he asked him to tell him something funny. He told his story, but it was sad, not funny.

Nekrasov shows with this work how cruel people can be - especially the masters of these times. After all, many unknown girls, after playing around in this way, were simply thrown out into the street, making her completely helpless. By giving her what they then took away, they were having fun with themselves.

Analysis of the poem On the road according to plan

You might be interested

• Analysis of Zabolotsky's poem Don't let your soul be lazy

  Nikolai Zabolotsky is known to us as a philosopher and humanist, who often discussed what is good and evil, what is human strength and what real beauty is. Many of his texts sound like unobtrusive friendly instruction or poetic reflection

• Analysis of the poem Vaguely Breathing Leaves by Mandelstam

  The work is an example of how a poet can use artistic means to express emotions and inner world.

• Analysis of the poem Blizzard by Bunin

  The work belongs to the early poetic work of the writer, written in his youth under the influence of fairy-tale, magical legends.

• Analysis of the poem In full swing, the suffering of the village Nekrasova

  The poetic work of Nikolai Nekrasov, “The village suffering is in full swing,” came from the pen of the author in the second half of the 19th century. The work belongs to the lyrics of the philosophical genre

• Analysis of the poem I have only one fun left by Yesenin

  The late stage of Yesenin’s work is mostly characterized by a feeling of fatalism and approaching death. Of course, quite often poets generally raise the topic of the frailty of existence and the possibility of their own death

The poem “On the Road” was written by Nekrasov at a very early age, when he was just in search of his creative path. However, it already shows the characteristic features of Nekrasov’s poetry, which a brief analysis of “On the Road” according to plan will help you see. Using it in a literature lesson in 11th grade, it is easy to make the topic easier for students to understand.

Brief Analysis

History of creation- the poem was written in 1845, when Nekrasov had just turned twenty-four years old. However, the poet already felt an urgent need to indicate his civic position.

Subject- the coachman’s thoughts about his wife, who was ruined by her lordly upbringing.

Composition– one-part, the coachman’s story develops sequentially.

Genre- civil lyrics.

Poetic size- a three-foot anapest with alternating male and female rhymes and disordered rhyming.

Comparisons – “roars like crazy”, “like a sliver of thin and pale”.

Epithets - “a daring coachman”, “recruitment”, “manor’s house”, “noble manners”, “stern appearance”, “dashing woman”, “tireless work”, “drunk hand”, “persistent boredom”.

History of creation

Nekrasov created the story, which is an imaginary dialogue between a master and a coachman, in 1845. At the time of writing this poetic work, the poet was barely 24 years old, but he had a clear civic position and talentedly expressed it in poetic form.

When the young creator showed it to the then-famous critic Belinsky, he was moved and called him a “true poet.” Herzen considered this work excellent.

It was this work that marked a new stage in the creative development of Nekrasov, who moved from romanticism to realism and focused on civil lyricism.

Subject

The difficult fate of the Russian people is what worried the young author. And it is precisely this topic that his work “On the Road” is dedicated to. Pear, a peasant wife, gained a sense of self-esteem in the manor's house - and this subsequently made the serf unhappy for the rest of her life.

The main idea is the hopelessness of the current situation. As long as serfdom exists in Russia, and the master can marry people at his discretion, depriving them of their heartfelt inclinations, ordinary people will be unhappy.

Composition

The verse has a beginning and an ending, but despite this, it is distinguished by a one-part composition.

The beginning is the master's request to the coachman to entertain him with some story or song, to which he responds with complaints about his wife and explains what exactly caused his dissatisfaction.

The story of Grusha, as told by her husband, is very sad: the girl was brought up for a long time in the manor's house as a friend of a little young lady, but then she got married, her father died, and the new owner of the estate sent the serf to where she belonged - to a peasant hut, previously by getting married. Her love for the teacher remained in her previous life, but in this life there was only hard work. And although her husband did not exhaust her, he even pitied her in his own way and beat her only when he was drunk, she still felt humiliated.

The composition ends with the words of the master, who interrupted the coachman’s story, ironically noting that he “amused” him. The bleakness of the situation of peasant women and serfs in general, vividly depicted by Nekrasov in this seemingly simple story, deeply touches the soul.

Genre

This is one of the very first examples of Nekrasov’s civic poetry, which ardently denounces the unjust serfdom of Russia.

The three-foot anapest was not chosen in vain - it makes the poem look like Russian songs of complaint on the one hand and rhythmically repeats the clatter of hooves on the other. In this way, Nekrasov conveys the atmosphere of the story, which is being told on the road.

Thanks to the variety of types of rhyme, as well as the use of both masculine and feminine rhymes, Nekrasov manages to convey the liveliness of colloquial speech.

Means of expression

This work is not very rich in the usual means of expressiveness, for which there is an explanation: there is nowhere for flowery words to come from in the speech of such a simple person as the coachman. Nekrasov uses the simplest artistic means possible:

• Comparisons- “roars like crazy”, “like a sliver of thin and pale”.
• Epithets- “a daring coachman”, “recruitment”, “manor’s house”, “noble manners”, “stern appearance”, “dashing woman”, “tireless work”, “drunk hand”, “persistent boredom”.

The last epithet shows that the master is not as indifferent as he would like to seem - in fact, he experiences deep bitterness due to the awareness of the hopeless situation in which an unfree person may find himself.

At the same time, he inserts colloquialisms into the driver’s speech, which give it realism: you hear, you understand, a hundred, tois, crashing, byit, sam-at, patret.

Poem test

Rating Analysis

Average rating: 4 . Total ratings received: 39.

You are my persistent boredom!..”

N. A. Nekrasov

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov - folk singer. There was no such life situation, no dramatic turn in the fate of the people, to which the poet would not respond and capture it in his lyrics. Already in the early poem of 1845, “On the Road,” the main features of Nekrasov’s poetry were reflected, which later acquired the characteristic features of his work: close attention to the needs of the common people, lyricism and bitter humor, at times turning into satire and even sarcasm.

The poem “On the Road” opens with a simple dialogue between a rider and a coachman.

"Boring! Boring!.. Daring coachman,

Dispel my boredom with something!

A song or something, buddy, binge

About recruitment and separation..."

“I’m not happy myself, master...”

And the bitter speech of the poor man poured out, telling a story familiar to tears...

Destroyed by the villainous wife!..

Do you hear, from a young age, sir, she

In the manor's house she was taught

Together with the young lady to various sciences,

You see, sew and knit,

All noble manners and things.

The poem is not distinguished by detailed characteristics, this situation was not uncommon, so the author only outlines the basis of the conflict, the readers knew the rest perfectly well from what was happening around.

The master's daughter got married

And in St. Petersburg... Her “benefactor” -

I fell ill, and on Trinity night

I gave God my master's soul,

Leaving Pear an orphan...

A month later my son-in-law arrived...

In the very lexical selection of words one can feel the author’s attitude to the story: “orphan”, “Pear”, “son-in-law”. The new landowner is not interested in the feelings of the peasants under his control; he is guided by momentary moods and decisions.

He brought her back to the village -

Know your place, little man!..

As luck would have it, nineteenth year

At that time it happened to me... I was imprisoned

Because of the tax, they married her...

Here the poet has not yet moved away from naturalistic techniques - there are many colloquial words and phrases; later he will avoid this in his works. In the meantime, a style and a unique language of his Nekrasov works are taking shape. The sad story of a coachman who does not understand why he was punished, and his wife, in general, is not guilty of anything, except perhaps her birth and the bitter lot of serfdom.

Her masters destroyed her,

What a dashing woman she would be!

A real dramatic story opens before the “master” and the reader. The coachman has no idea, but we understand why his wife is dying. The reason is not the hard and unusual peasant work, but the trampling of human dignity, which they tried to trample underfoot.

Hear how thin and pale the sliver is,

He walks, just by force,

He won’t eat two spoons of oatmeal a day, -

Tea, we'll end up in the grave in a month...

And the words of the rider sound with bitter irony, allegorically explaining the author’s position. He is completely on the side of his disadvantaged heroes. For now, only he listens to them in order to find out the troubles and aspirations of his native people, but soon he will see the path to people's happiness, albeit very long and thorny, but the only true one. And now only a bitter smile, barely hiding tears of compassion, sounds in the last line of the poem.

“Well, that’s enough, coachman! Overclocked

You are my persistent boredom!..”

"On the road" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

History of creation

The poem “On the Road” was written by Nekrasov in 1845, the poet was only 24 years old. This is a genre scene created in the form of a dialogue between a master and a coachman (long-distance carrier). Coachmen often sang songs and told stories to bored riders, so Nekrasov describes a typical life situation. The driver's complaint song as a genre existed in folklore.

Literary direction, genre

Nekrasov's poems are realistic. They describe a typical hero in typical circumstances. During serfdom, peasants often became toys in the hands of their masters. Sometimes this happened as if by accident, as described in the poem “On the Road”: a serf girl was taken into the manor’s house as a friend and companion to the owner’s daughter. When the young lady grew up and got married, and the old owner died, his son-in-law sent the girl, who was accustomed to living like a young lady, to the village and married her off. The landowners did not think about the fate of their serfs. The change in life has made the peasant young lady unhappy and threatens her with death. In fairness, it must be said that there were also unequal marriages between landowners and serfs, but they were rarely happy.

The poem belongs to civil poetry and exposes the social structure of feudal Russia.

Theme, main idea and composition

The plot of the poem is the coachman's complaints about his wife, who grew up in the manor's house. Pear was taught science, sewing, knitting, reading, and playing the piano. She dressed like a master and ate the master's food (porridge with honey). The teacher even wooed her, “yes, you know, God didn’t destined her to be happy.” After a new owner arrived at the house, for some reason Grusha was sent to the village and married off, and her life, as well as that of her husband, became unbearable. Her husband doesn’t consider her lazy, but she doesn’t know how to do anything, “neither mow nor follow a cow.” It is difficult for a woman to do any physical work. Her coachman husband takes pity on her and consoles her, as is customary among peasants, but even new clothes do not please her, unusual clothes and shoes are uncomfortable. Pear cries, eats little and, obviously, will not live long in the world. She is reading some book (maybe the only one she has), looking at some portrait (is it a portrait of a teacher?) The coachman does not understand his wife at all, does not see his own guilt, because he treated her inappropriately. - Peasantly good, I almost didn’t even beat him. He is also concerned about the fate of his son, whom his mother is raising as a young baron.

The main idea of ​​the narrator is contained in two lines: “The gentlemen destroyed her, And she would have been a dashing woman.” The coachman implies that the peasant woman was ruined by her lordly upbringing. The master, who asked to entertain him with a story, stops the peasant by saying that he only beat his wife when he was drunk. The master understands how depressing such a life must be for a girl. Not because she has to do dirty peasant work, but because she is humiliated. The theme of the poem is the unhappy fate of a person with self-esteem. The master realizes all the hopelessness and bleakness of the fate of the unfortunate spouses and, in general, all people in the class society that was serf Russia. The idea of ​​the poem is anti-serfdom.

Meter and rhyme

The poem is written in trimeter anapest, reminiscent of tonic Russian songs of complaint. This rhythm is based on the sound of hooves. The liveliness of speech is conveyed by the alternation of female and male rhymes, as well as a variety of rhymes that alternate randomly: cross, paired and ring.

Paths and images, speech

Colloquial expressions make the driver’s speech realistic: do you hear, you understand, tois, crashing, beat, sam-at, patret. Nekrasov accurately managed to convey the state of a peasant who does not know how to help his wife and what is his own fault. The master at the beginning of the dialogue is calm and indifferent: he doesn’t care what story he listens to. But he's not heartless. The master's speech is ironic. In the last phrase “You dispelled my persistent boredom” one can feel sarcasm: it was sad, but it became even sadder and more hopeless.

There are no tropes in the coachman’s speech, and where would a peasant get them from? There are two common comparisons roars like crazy, like a sliver of thin and pale and one epithet - the highest peasant praise dashing woman. Epithet of the master persistent boredom emphasizes his bitterness from what he heard.