Column base plates. Types, designs of column bases and their calculation

When substations and substations are installed where the ambient air may contain materials that degrade the insulation or disintegrating equipment and fuse, it must be used for the reliable operation of the equipment: reinforced insulation; shafts are made of environmentally resistant material or painted protective coating; Distributors and substations installed in the prevailing wind direction; Distributors and substations are located according to the simplest schemes; closed switchgear and substations are protected from dust, harmful gases or vapors entering the premises.

Specially designed aluminum and steel aluminum wires for corrosion protection should be used when installing outdoor stations near seafood or chemical plants or in places where long-term operating experience has caused corrosion of aluminum.

Open switchgear should be equipped with heating circuits for gear shifting and other cabinets using indoor appliances or terminals in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Switches with a voltage of 6 kV and above must be equipped with a functional lock to prevent false alarms.

The earthing switches of the enclosed switchgear must be locked. Computer controlled software and ground switches are disabled. The network of circuits and electrical equipment and the combined partitions of open partitions and the level of the transformer of the level of the open transformer should be 2 m high or 1.6 m and 1.9 m high from the closed switchboard and inside the transformer floor. The lower edge of the partitions should be at a height of not more than 0.2 m in open partitions and at the level of closed floors.

External partitions must be installed in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 55 of the Rules. Terminal inputs of terminals, transformers and other drum devices are used to test voltage components. Barriers should be installed at a height of 1.2 m and in such a way that they can be removed if necessary. If the floor of the chamber is more than 0.3m above ground level, leave a distance of at least 0.5m between the door and the barrier, or provide a viewing area in front of the door.

Distribution and substations must be equipped with means to prevent dangerous mechanical stress due to temperature changes, vibration, etc. in cables, cables or insulators. The oil level and temperature of oil-immersed transformers and appliances, as well as gaseous gas gauges and other indicators indicating the condition of the equipment, should be located in such a way that it is convenient and safe to monitor them without cutting off the voltage.

Electric wires for protective, measuring, signal and lighting circuits, which must be laid on the surface of electrical equipment of oil installations, must be insulated with an oil-resistant material. Outdoor transformers, reactors and capacitors should be painted in light colors to minimize heating from direct sunlight. In addition, these paints must be oil and weather resistant.

Distribution and substations should be equipped with electric lighting. Lighting equipment must be installed in such a way that it is safe to operate. Distribution and substations must be equipped with control and signaling devices.

Distributors and substations are installed in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Construction of the Republic of Lithuania. The distance between plots and trees above 4 m should be such that when passing through the trees the equipment and lanes are not damaged.

Acceptable levels in live and working environment. Artesian wells, wells for drinking water or plumbing should be installed in switchgears and substations where employees work constantly. Transformer substations must be equipped with a sanitary toilet.

Enclosed transformer, modular and pole transformer housings are not required. Lids can be transparent or opaque. Technical requirements and test methods. Metal surfaces can be painted in addition to hot dip galvanized metal openings in large contamination control areas and the metalwork containing them.

In open distribution areas and subsoil areas where oil may leak from oil fields, oil storage facilities, machinery spaces, transformers and oil circuit breakers, oil collection and removal facilities should be installed to avoid contamination. environment.

Premises where sulfur hexafluoride is stored should be marked with a poster and their access to them should be limited. A number of installations, mechanisms and devices for repairs, as well as mobile laboratories, should be installed in open switchboards for 110 kV and above.

When calculating the loads of flexible shafts, it is necessary to evaluate the mass of conductors of insulators, as well as devices and transformers. When calculating structural loads, it is necessary to estimate the additional weight of a person and appliances and mounting fixtures: 200 kg for anchor supports and 150 kg for intermediate supports in garlands and 100 kg for support supports.

The openings of open switchgear should not result in unacceptable mechanical stress at low temperature booms and should not allow the wire to come into contact with strong winds. The coefficient of elasticity of mechanical shocks of flexible shafts, when the loads comply with the requirements of paragraph 60 of the Regulations, must be at least 3 compared to their tensile strength.

The reserve strength of the rear insulators must be at least 4 in relation to the minimum insulator resistance when the loads comply with the requirements of paragraph 60 of the Regulation. The coefficient of elasticity of mechanical connecting equipment for flexible couplings, when the load complies with the requirements of paragraph 60 of the Rules, must be at least 3 in relation to the minimum resistance.

Exposed shield hangers should be made from prefabricated reinforced concrete, zinc, aluminium-zinc, or other strong steel structures. If intermediate supports are temporarily used as rear supports, they must be tightened. The number of suspension and support insulators and the external insulation of the electrical equipment of the switchgear are selected according to the voltage and environmental conditions.

The wind speed is estimated at 60 percent. calculations of building structures. With a three-phase short-circuit current of 20 kA or more and a cable deflection of 3 m or more in space, it is necessary to check the flexible openings of the switchgear for short-circuit currents that will be dynamically affected to prevent their convergence or dangerous phase. The loops must be installed in flexible posts, the phases of which consist of several wires.

In addition, the filter must be installed at a height so that it can be easily repaired. Transformers and devices with the lower edge of porcelain insulators at a height of at least 2.5 m above the surface or level of the equipment should not be fenced. When the height is less, the device must have a section that meets the requirements of paragraph 43 of the Rules, and is located at a distance from the transformers and apparatus specified in the Rules at point 70. The requirements for open-beam transformers to the building wall are set out in paragraph 81 of the Rules.

The distance between the nearest unmatched flow paths of the various components must be chosen in accordance with the condition of maintaining one chain without disconnecting the other. If no work is provided under these conditions, the distances between different communication lines in different planes must be determined in accordance with the requirements of sections 67 and 68 of the Rules. It is also necessary to evaluate the potential connection of the wires. Here, the vertical distances from the conductors to the ground in the open distribution zone must not be lower than those specified in paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Rules.

Lighting, communication and signaling lines should not line up above or below circuit breaker circuits. Distances from oil installations to explosive zones and premises are determined in accordance with the requirements of explosive zones of electrical equipment.

Distances from power plants and substations to open distribution of oil installations to closed housings of switchgears, panels, compressors are determined in accordance with technological requirements. The windows are installed only above the level of the transformer cover.

A path no longer than 3.5 m should be installed along the transformer yards. The requirements for article 81 of the Rules also apply to a complete transformer substation. Oils for oil transformers with specific oil over 1 ton and tank circuit breakers with voltages of 110 kV and above must be equipped with an oil plug, an oil drain and an oil manifold. When installing them, the following requirements must be observed.

The oil volume must be calculated for the total amount of transformer oil. The oil capacity of the tank circuit breaker should be 80%. one tank oil. Bone oil and oil drain channels should be installed so that oil can flow from one pit to another, channel leakage and other underground structures to prevent the spread of fire, oil pollution and clogging of channels, snow, ice, etc.

In the absence of oil leakage, the oil pit should be calculated throughout the structure of the device covered with oil, and the metal network, along which should be distributed with a thickness of 0.25 m of clean washed gravel or stone or other non-cellular origin 30 to 70 mm layer of coarse sand .

A movable pump must be used to remove oil and water from the oil well. When oil wells do not have an oil drain, a simple oil control device is installed in the mine. The bottom of the oil pit must be below ground level or surface level. The height of the pit should be at least 0.25 m and not higher than 0.5 m above ground level. Holes with oil drain holes in the collector must be filled with at least 0.25 m of transparent gravel or washed stones or non-wood layers of other thicknesses from 30 to 70 mm.