Bible new testament synodal translation. Bible. Download Bible and Gospel
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The Bible (from Greek βιβλία - books) is a collection of ancient texts created in the Middle East over 15 centuries (XIII century BC - II century AD), canonized in Judaism and Christianity as Holy Scripture .
The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.
The first part of the Bible by the time of creation is called the Tanakh among the Jews, among Christians it was called the Old Testament. This part of the Bible is a collection of books written before our era, selected as sacred from other literature by ancient Jewish theologians, and at the same time preserved to this day in the Hebrew language. There are 39 such books. This part of the Bible is the common Holy Book for Judaism and Christianity.
The second part is the New Testament, a collection of 27 Christian books (including 4 Gospels, the Epistles of the Apostles and the book of Revelation) written in the 1st century. n. e. and come down to us in ancient Greek. This part of the Bible is most important to Christianity; but Judaism does not recognize it.
Islam, considering both the Old Testament (Arabic Taurat - Torah) and the New Testament (Arabic Injil - Gospel) distorted by later scribes, in principle recognizes their holiness, and the characters of both parts of the Bible (for example, Ibrahim (Abraham), Yusuf (Joseph) , Isa (Jesus)) have played an important role in Islam since the Qur'an.
The word "Bible" is not found in the sacred books themselves, and was first used in relation to the collection of sacred books in the east in the 4th century by John Chrysostom and Epiphanius of Cyprus.
The Bible has been fully or partially translated into 2377 languages of the peoples of the world, published in full in 422 languages.
Download the book (size 805Kb, fb2 format) Genre: , Language: ru Annotation: Not every person today has the time and mental strength to read the entire Bible “from cover to cover”. In the proposed collection, the reader will find not only aphorisms, instructions and winged words, but also sayings of a broader plan. Convenient themed…
Download the book (size 7770Kb, format fb2) Genre: Religion, Language: ru Annotation: This translation of the Bible was carried out during the 19th century and authorized by the Holy Governing Synod for home (not liturgical) reading. The synodal translation has a high authority and is widely used not only in the Orthodox Church, but also in other Christian denominations. Translation of books…
Download the book (size 7017Kb, fb2 format) Genre: Other children's literature, Language: ru Annotation: The Bible in transcription for children of secondary school age. The legends of the Old and New Testaments are retold by Mikhail Andreyevich Pismenny and illustrated with classic engravings by Gustave Doré (1832–1883).
Download the book (size 432Kb, fb2 format) Genre: Children's educational literature, Language: ru Annotation: “In the beginning God created heaven and earth. But the earth was empty and formless, darkness reigned everywhere…”
Download the book (size 6385Kb, fb2 format) Genre: , Language: ru Annotation: The Bible (from Greek ??????? - books) is a collection of ancient texts created in the Middle East over 15 centuries (XIII century to AD - II century AD), canonized in Judaism and Christianity as Holy Scripture. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. …
Download the book (size 6886Kb, fb2 format) Genre: , Language: ru Annotation: Bibliya (from the Greek β,ι,β,λ,ί,α, - books) is a collection of ancient texts created in the Middle East during 15 centuries (XIII century BC - II century AD), canonized in Judaism and Christianity as Holy Scripture. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. …
Download book (size 6481Kb, fb2 format) Genre: , Language: ru Annotation: Canonical bible, synodal translation.»This book is a member of the project "Fixed" If you wish to report errors, omissions, or other deficiencies in this book, you can do so at: http://www.fictionbook.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3287″
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The sacred book of the Christian religion, a record of God's revelations to man received over many millennia. This is a book of divine instructions. It gives us peace in grief, the solution of life's problems, the condemnation of sin, and the spiritual maturity so necessary to overcome our worries.
The Bible cannot be called one book. It is a whole collection of books, a library, written under the guidance of God by people who lived in different ages. The Bible has history, philosophy, and science. It also includes poetry and drama, biographical information, and prophecy. Reading the Bible gives us inspiration It's no surprise that the Bible, in whole or in part, has been translated into more than 1,200 languages. Every year, the number of copies of the Bible sold worldwide exceeds the number of copies sold of any other book.
The Bible truthfully answers the questions that have worried people from time immemorial "How did man appear?"; "What happens to people after death?"; "Why are we here on earth?"; "Can we know the meaning and meaning of life?" Only the Bible reveals the truth about God, points the way to eternal life, and explains the eternal problems of sin and suffering.
The Bible is divided into two parts: the Old Testament, which tells about the participation of God in the life of the Jewish people before the coming of Jesus Christ, and the New Testament, which gives information about the life and teachings of Christ in all His truth and beauty.
(Greek - "good news") - the biography of Jesus Christ; books revered as sacred in Christianity that tell about the divinity of Jesus Christ, his birth, life, miracles, death, resurrection and ascension.
The translation of the Bible into Russian was started by the Russian Bible Society by the Highest order of the Sovereign Emperor Alexander I in 1816, resumed by the Highest permission of the Sovereign Emperor Alexander II in 1858, completed and published with the blessing of the Holy Synod in 1876. This edition contains the text Synodal translation of 1876, re-checked with the Hebrew text of the Old Testament and the Greek text of the New Testament.
The commentary on the Old and New Testaments and the appendix "The Holy Land in the Time of Our Lord Jesus Christ" are reprinted from the Bible published by the Brussels publishing house "Life with God" (1989).
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1 The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God,
2 as it is written in the prophets: Behold, I am sending my angel before your face, who will prepare your way before you.
3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord; make straight his paths.
4 John appeared, baptizing in the wilderness and preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins....
1 Genealogy of Jesus Christ, Son of David, Son of Abraham.
2 Abraham begat Isaac; Isaac begat Jacob; Jacob begat Judah and his brothers;
3 Judah begat Perez and Zerah by Tamar; Perez begat Esrom; Esrom begat Aram;
4 Aram begat Aminadab; Aminadab begat Nahshon; Nahshon begat Salmon;...
- As many have already begun to compose narratives about events that are completely known between us,
- as those who from the very beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the Word told us,
- then I also decided, after a careful study of everything from the beginning, to describe to you in order, venerable Theophilus,
- so that you may know the solid foundation of the doctrine in which you have been instructed....
Introduction to the Books of the New Testament
The New Testament Scriptures were written in Greek, with the exception of the Gospel of Matthew, which is said to have been written in Hebrew or Aramaic. But since this Hebrew text has not survived, the Greek text is considered the original for the Gospel of Matthew. Thus, only the Greek text of the New Testament is the original, and numerous editions in various modern languages all over the world are translations from the Greek original. The Greek language in which the New Testament was written was no longer the classical ancient Greek language and was not, as previously thought, a special New Testament language. This is a spoken everyday language of the 1st century. according to P. X., which has spread throughout the world and is known in science under the name "common speech", nevertheless, both the style and turns of speech and the way of thinking of the sacred writers of the New Testament reveal Hebrew or Aramaic influence.
The original text of the New Testament has come down to us in in large numbers ancient manuscripts, more or less complete, numbering about 5000 (from the 2nd to the 16th centuries). Before recent years the most ancient of them did not ascend further than the 4th century BC. by P. X. But for recent times many fragments of ancient manuscripts of the New Testament on papyrus (3rd and even 2nd century) were discovered. For example, Bodmer's manuscripts: Jn, Lk, 1 and 2 Pet, Jude - were found and published in the bos of the 20th century. In addition to Greek manuscripts, we have ancient translations or versions in Latin, Syriac, Coptic and other languages (Vetus Itala, Peshitto, Vulgata, etc.), of which the oldest existed already from the 2nd century to P.X.
Finally, numerous quotations from the Church Fathers in Greek and other languages have been preserved in such quantity that if the text of the New Testament were lost and all ancient manuscripts were destroyed, then specialists could restore this text from quotations from the works of the Holy Fathers. All this abundant material makes it possible to check and refine the text of the New Testament and to classify its various forms (the so-called textual criticism). Compared with any ancient author (Homer, Euripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Cornelius Nepos, Julius Caesar, Horace, Virgil, etc.), our modern - printed - Greek text of the New Testament is in an exceptionally favorable position. And by the number of manuscripts, and by a short time. separating the oldest of them from the original, and in the number of translations, and in their antiquity, and in the seriousness and volume of critical work carried out on the text, it surpasses all other texts (for details, see: "The Hidden Treasures and new life", Archaeological Discoveries and the Gospel, Bruges, 1959, p. 34 f.).
The text of the New Testament as a whole is fixed absolutely irrefutably.
The New Testament consists of 27 books. They are subdivided into 260 chapters of unequal length by the publishers for ease of reference and quotation. The original text does not contain this division. The modern division into chapters in the New Testament, as in the whole Bible, has often been attributed to the Dominican Cardinal Hugh (1263), who worked it out in composing a symphony to the Latin Vulgate, but it is now thought with great reason that the division goes back to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Stephen Langton, who died in 1228. As for the division into verses now accepted in all editions of the New Testament, it goes back to the publisher of the Greek New Testament text, Robert Stephen, and was introduced by him into his edition in 1551.
The sacred books of the New Testament are usually divided into law-positive (the Four Gospels), historical (the Acts of the Apostles), teaching (seven conciliar epistles and the seventeen epistles of the Apostle Paul) and prophetic: the Apocalypse, or the Revelation of St. John the Theologian (see Metropolitan Philatera's Long Catechism)
However, modern experts consider this distribution outdated: in fact, all the books of the New Testament are both law-positive and historical teaching, and there is prophecy not only in the Apocalypse. New Testament scholarship pays great attention to establishing the exact chronology of the gospels and other New Testament events. Scientific chronology allows the reader to follow with sufficient accuracy the life and ministry of our Lord Jesus Christ, the apostles and the original Church according to the New Testament (see Appendixes).
The books of the New Testament can be distributed as follows.
- Three so-called Synoptic Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and separately, the fourth - the Gospel of John. New Testament scholarship devotes much attention to the study of the relationship of the first three Gospels and their relation to the Gospel of John (the synoptic problem).
- The book of the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles of the Apostle Paul ("Corpus Paulinum"), which are usually divided into:
- Early Epistles: 1 and 2 to the Thessalonians;
- Great Epistles: to the Galatians, 1 and 2 to the Corinthians, to the Romans;
- Messages from bonds, i.e., written from Rome, where ap. Paul was in prison: to the Philippians, to the Colossians, to the Ephesians, to Philemon;
- Pastoral Epistles: 1 to Timothy, to Titus, 2 to Timothy;
- Epistle to the Hebrews; - Catholic Epistles ("Corpus Catholicum")
- Revelation of John the Evangelist. (Sometimes in the New Testament they single out "Corpus Joannicum", i.e., everything that the Apostle John wrote for a comparative study of his Gospel in connection with his epistles and Revelation)
four gospel
- The word "gospel" in Greek means "good news". This is how our Lord Jesus Christ Himself called his teaching (Matthew 24:14; 26:13; Mark 1:15; 13:10; 19:; 16:15). Therefore, for us, the "gospel" is inextricably linked with Him: it is the "good news" of salvation given to the world through the incarnate Son of God. Christ and His apostles preached the gospel without writing it down. By the middle of the 1st century, this sermon was fixed by the Church in a persistent oral tradition. The Eastern custom of memorizing sayings, stories, and even large texts helped the Christians of the apostolic age to accurately preserve the unwritten First Gospel. After the 1950s, when eyewitnesses to Christ's earthly ministry began to pass away one by one, the need arose to record the gospel (Luke 1:1). Thus, the "gospel" began to denote the narration of the teachings of the Savior recorded by the apostles. It was read at prayer meetings and in preparing people for baptism.
- The most important Christian centers of the 1st c. (Jerusalem, Antioch, Rome, Ephesus, etc.) had their own gospels. Of these, only four (Mt, Mk, Lk, Jn) are recognized by the Church as inspired by God, that is, written under the direct influence of the Holy Spirit. They are called "from Matthew", "from Mark", etc. (the Greek kata corresponds to the Russian "according to Matthew", "according to Mark", etc.), because the life and teachings of Christ are set forth in these books by these four priests. Their gospels were not brought together in one book, which made it possible to see the gospel story from different points of view. In the II century. St. Irenaeus of Lyon calls the evangelists by name and points to their gospels as the only canonical ones (Against Heresies, 2, 28, 2). A contemporary of St. Irenaeus Tatian made the first attempt to create a single gospel narrative, composed of various texts of the four gospels, the Diatessaron, i.e., the gospel of the four.
- The apostles did not set themselves the goal of creating a historical work in the modern sense of the word. They sought to spread the teachings of Jesus Christ, helped people to believe in Him, correctly understand and fulfill His commandments. The testimonies of the evangelists do not coincide in all details, which proves their independence from each other: the testimonies of eyewitnesses are always individual in color. The Holy Spirit does not certify the accuracy of the details of the facts described in the gospel, but the spiritual meaning contained in them.
The minor contradictions encountered in the presentation of the evangelists are explained by the fact that God gave the clergymen complete freedom in the transfer of certain specific facts in relation to different categories listeners, which further emphasizes the unity of meaning and direction of all four gospels.
New Testament books
- Gospel of Matthew
- Gospel of Mark
- Gospel of Luke
- Gospel of John
Acts of the Holy Apostles
Cathedral Messages
- The Epistle of James
- First Epistle of Peter
- Second Epistle of Peter
- First Epistle of John
- Second Epistle of John
- Third Epistle of John
- The Epistle of Jude
The Epistles of the Apostle Paul
- Epistle to the Romans
- First Epistle to the Corinthians
- Second Epistle to the Corinthians
- Epistle to the Galatians
- Epistle to the Ephesians
- Epistle to the Philippians
- Epistle to the Colossians
- First Epistle to the Thessalonians
- Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
- First Epistle to Timothy
- Second Epistle to Timothy
- Epistle to Titus
- Epistle to Philemon
- Hebrews
Bible. Gospel. New Testament. Download Bible. Download Gospel of: Luke, Mark, Matthew, John. Revelation of John the Theologian (Apocalypse). Acts of the Apostles. Epistle of the Apostles. Download format: fb2, doc, docx, pdf, lit, isilo.pdb, rb
How to Study the Bible
Suggested Tips to Help Make Your Bible Study More Fruitful- Read the Bible daily, in a quiet and peaceful place where no one bothers you Daily reading, even if you do not read much every day, is more useful than any occasional reading You can start with 15 minutes a day and then gradually increase the time allotted for bible reading
- Set a goal to know God better and achieve deep love for God in your fellowship with Him God speaks to us through His Word, and we speak to Him in prayer
- Begin your Bible reading with a prayer Ask God to reveal Himself and His will to you Confess to Him sins that may hinder your approach to God.
- Take brief notes as you read the Bible Write your comments in a notebook or keep a spiritual diary to record your thoughts and inner feelings
- Read one chapter slowly, maybe two or three chapters You can only read one paragraph, but be sure to reread at least once everything that you have read before in one sitting
- As a rule, it is very useful in understanding the true meaning of a particular chapter or paragraph to give written answers to the following questions: a What is the main idea of the read text? What is its meaning?
- Which verse of the text expresses the main idea? (Such “key verses” should be memorized by reading them aloud several times Knowing the verses by heart will allow you to reflect on important spiritual truths during the day, for example, when you are standing in line or riding in public transport, etc. Is there a promise I can claim to keep? own life, according to the will of God? (Avoid general and vague statements Try to be as clear and specific as possible In your notebook, write how and when you will use the teaching of this or that paragraph or chapter in your life)
- End with prayer Ask God to give you the inner spiritual strength to draw closer to Him this day Keep talking to God throughout the day His presence will help you be strong in any situation
Bible (from Greek ?????? - books) - a collection of ancient texts created in the Middle East over 15 centuries (XIII century BC - II century AD), canonized in Judaism and Christianity as Holy Scripture. The Bible consists of two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The first part of the Bible in terms of time of creation is called the Tanakh among the Jews, among Christians it was called the Old Testament. This part of the Bible is a collection of books written before our era, selected as sacred from other literature by ancient Jewish theologians, and at the same time preserved to this day in the Hebrew language. There are 39 such books. This part of the Bible is the common Holy Book for Judaism and Christianity. The second part is the New Testament, a collection of 27 Christian books (including 4 Gospels, the Epistles of the Apostles and the book of Revelation), written in the 1st century. n. e. and come down to us in ancient Greek. This part of the Bible is most important to Christianity; but Judaism does not recognize it. Islam, considering both the Old Testament (Arabic Taurat - Torah) and the New Testament (Arabic Injil - Gospel) distorted by later scribes, in principle recognizes their holiness, and the characters of both parts of the Bible (for example, Ibrahim (Abraham ), Yusuf (Joseph), Isa (Jesus)) play an important role in Islam, starting with the Koran. Epiphanius of Cyprus. The Bible has been fully or partially translated into 2377 languages of the peoples of the world, fully published in 422 languages.
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Name
The word "Bible" is not found in the sacred books themselves, and was first used in relation to the collection of sacred books in the east in the 4th century by John Chrysostom and Epiphanius of Cyprus. The Jews designated their sacred books by the names: "scriptures", "holy writings", "covenant", "books of the covenant", "law and prophets". Christians called the New Testament writings the Gospel and the Apostle.
Composition of the Bible
The Bible consists of many parts, combined into the Old Testament and the New Testament.
Old Testament (Tanakh)
The first, according to the time of creation, part of the Bible in Judaism is called the Tanakh, in Christianity it was called the Old Testament, in contrast to the "New". The name "Jewish Bible" is also used. This part of the Bible is a collection of books written in Hebrew long before our era and selected as sacred from other literature by ancient Jewish scribes. This part of the Bible is the common scripture for both Judaism and Christianity.
The Old Testament consists of 39 books, artificially counted in the Jewish tradition as 22, according to the number of letters of the Hebrew alphabet, or 24, according to the number of letters of the Greek alphabet. All 39 books of the Old Testament are divided into three sections in Judaism.
The first is called "Teaching" (Torah) and contains the Pentateuch of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
The second section, called "Prophets", embraces the books: Joshua, Judges, 1st and 2nd book. Kings, or the Book of Samuel (counted as one book), 3rd and 4th book. Kings, or the Book of Kings (counted as one book), Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Prince. Twelve minor prophets (count as one book).
The third section called: "Scriptures" includes: the Book of Job, the Book of Ruth, Psalms, the Book of Proverbs of Solomon, the Song of Songs, the Book of Ecclesiastes, the Book of Daniel, Lamentations of Jeremiah, the Book of Ezra and Nehemiah (counted as one book), 1st and 2 Chronicles (count as one book) and the Book of Esther. Connecting the book Ruth with book. Judges in one book, as well as the Lamentations of Jeremiah with the book. Jeremiah, instead of 24 books we get 22. Twenty-two sacred books were considered by the ancient Jews in their canon, as Josephus testifies. This is the composition and order of the books in the Hebrew Bible.
All these books are considered canonical in the Christian Church.
New Testament
The second part of the Christian Bible is the New Testament, a collection of 27 Christian books (including 4 Gospels, the Epistles of the Apostles and the book of Revelation of John the Theologian), written in the 1st century. n. e. and come down to us in ancient Greek. This part of the Bible is the most important for Christianity, while Judaism does not consider it divinely inspired.
The New Testament consists of 27 books belonging to eight divinely inspired writers: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter, Paul, James and Jude. Books of the New Testament, as well as the book. The Old Testament, according to the content, are divided into three sections: historical books - four Gospels and books belong here. Acts of the Apostles; teaching books - here belong the epistles of the apostles; to the book department prophetic belongs to only one book - the Apocalypse.
In the Slavic and Russian Bibles, the books of Nov. Head placed in the following order: Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts of the Apostles Luke, Epistles of James, 1st Peter, 2nd Peter, 1st John, 2nd John, 3rd John, Jude and so on The fourteen Epistles of the Apostle Paul in this order: Romans, 1st Corinthians, 2nd Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1st Thessalonians, 2nd Thessalonians, 1st to Timothy, 2 to Timothy, to Titus, to Philemon, to the Jews and, finally, the revelation of John the Theologian.
Books are placed in this order. New Head in the most ancient manuscripts - the Alexandrian and Vatican, the Rules of the Apostles, the Rules of the Councils of Laodicea and Carthage, and in many ancient Church Fathers. But this arrangement of the books of the New Testament. can not be called universal and necessary, in some Bibl. collections there is a different arrangement of books, and now in the Vulgate and in editions of the Greek. New Head The Catholic Epistles are placed after the Epistles of the Apostle Paul before the Apocalypse. In this or that placement, many considerations were guided, but the time of the appearance of the books did not matter much, which can be seen most clearly from the placement of the Epistles of Paul. In the order we have indicated, considerations regarding the importance of the places or churches to which the messages were sent were guided: first, the letters written to whole churches were placed, and then the letters written to individuals. If Hebrews is in last place, it depends on the fact that its authenticity has long been doubted. Guided by chronological considerations, one can place the Epistles of the Apostle. Paul in this order: 1st Thessalonians, 2nd Thessalonians, Galatians, 1st Corinthians, Romans, Philemon, Philippians, Titus, and 2nd Timothy.
BIBLE
The books of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are canonical.
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Old Testament books: Book of Joshua Psalter New Testament books: |
PENTATEUCH OF MOSES
BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
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What does the very word Bible mean?
We owe the word Bible to the Greek word "biblion" - a book. Which, in turn, came from the name of the ancient port - Byblos, located at the foot of the Lebanese mountains, through which Egyptian papyrus was exported to Greece. So the name of the ancient port was included in 1829 languages into which the Bible is translated today ( In total, there are about 3,000 languages and dialects on Earth, of which 1,500 belong to small ethnic groups.). So, The Bible is just a word - a Book.
Bible.
But let's open the Book of Books. We will immediately see that the Bible consists of two parts, the Old Testament (written before the prophet Malachi, who lived in the 5th century BC) and the New Testament, written in the first century AD.
This tradition is based on the fact that many translations of 2 Corinthians 3:14 use the expression "Old Testament". In the Synodal Translation (1998 ed.), this verse reads as follows: "But their minds are blinded: for the same veil to this day remains unremoved when reading the Old Testament, because it is removed by Christ." Jesus Christ Himself referred to the collection of sacred books as "the Scriptures" (Matthew 21:42; Mark 14:49; John 5:39). The apostle Paul called them "holy scriptures" and "scriptures" (Romans 1:2; 15:4; 2 Timothy 3:15).
P The original texts of the Old Testament were written almost entirely in Hebrew. Only a few fragments are in the so-called Aramaic: Book of Daniel (2:4 b- 7:28), the First Book of Ezra (4:8 - 6:18; 7:12-26), the Book of Tobit, the Book of Judith and the Book of Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach (the last three books have come down to us only in Greek translation). The books of Maccabees, the book of the Wisdom of Solomon and the Second Book of Ezra are written in Greek. The third book of Ezra has come down to us only in a Latin translation, although it was written in a Semitic language.
The first section of the Old Testament - the Torah - was finally edited and established under Ezra around 444 BC. (Neh. 8:1-12; 2 Ezra 9:37-48; cf. Babylonian Talmud. Sanhedrin. 21 ).
Apparently, section H "biim was canonized shortly after that; in any case, already in 132 BC, the Holy Scriptures were divided into three sections: Law (o nomoV), Prophets (oi profhtai) and “other” books ( Sirach, preface.) The first two sections are often mentioned in the Gospels (Matt. 5:17; 7:12; Luke 24:27, etc.), and in one place the third section is also called "Psalms":
But back to the Bible. Both testaments were first brought into canonical form at the third Ecumenical Council, which took place in Carthage in 397.. ( according to other sources by the Council of Laodicea in 363 AD.) . Documents of these cathedrals have not been preserved, but it is known for certain that already in the 5th century AD. The Bible is divided into the Old and New Testaments. There are 39 books in today's canon.
Title new testament in relation to the collection of canonical books, it began to be applied from the second half of the 2nd century, although the very concept of the New Testament, or the New Union (with God), goes back to the Book of the prophet Jeremiah: “Behold, the days have come,” says Yahweh, “and I concluded with the house Israel and with the house of Y "Huda, a new covenant [b" rit ha dash a]” (Jer. 31:31, RH). In proper Christian books, the concept new testament(h kainh diaqhkh) is first encountered by the apostle Paul in the words of Jesus (1 Cor. 11:25; cp. Luke 22:17-20
FROM The earliest known list of revered books is Canon Muratori, compiled, according to many researchers, in Rome around the year 200. It lacks both letters of Peter, the Epistle of James, the Epistle of John, the Epistle to the Hebrews, but the apocryphal Apocalypse of Peter (APOKALUYIS PETROU) is present. However, the generally accepted view that the lost Greek original of the Latin translation of Muratori's Canon originated in Rome around the year 200 was convincingly challenged in favor of its later origin (4th century) and another homeland (the East) ( Sundberg A. Canon Muratori: a Fourth Century List. - HTR. Vol. 66, 1973, N. 1, pp. 1-41).
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AT the first quarter of the 4th century, the Church did not recognize the inspiration of most of the so-called conciliar epistles and the Epistle to the Hebrews ( Eusebius. Church History.VI.13:6).
FROM According to the Council of Laodicea in 363, the New Testament included 26 books (except for the Revelation of John). After that, the question of the New Testament canon was discussed at two more councils - Hippo (393) and Carthage (419) - until, finally, it was finally decided in 692 at the Trull Council.
However, the first documented canon was established only from the time of the new Council of Trent, convened during the Reformation in 1545 and lasting until 1563. By order of this council, a mass of books recognized as apocryphal were destroyed, in particular, "Chronicles about the kings of Judah and Israel"
So the Bible is really the Book of Books - a collection of individual works that are divided into three groups - historical, instructive and prophetic. Most of the books bear the names of their compilers. However, even today, millions of believers believe The text of the Bible is the written Word of God.
The Greek word for this process, in the original New Testament, sounds like "theopneustos"- “God-inspired”, but another term has become commonly used - “inspiration”, which arose from the Latin inspirare (to inhale, blow in). Among Christians, there are very different ideas about “inspiration”. Apologists of one point of view believe that the "illumined" person is able to only partially participate in the writing of the Bible. Others defend the theory of "literal inspiration", according to which every word of the Bible is written in the original as it was inspired by God.
