Why only a rich man could be a knight. Presentation on the history "in the knight's castle". In case of danger, the bridge rose and, like a door, closed the entrance.
In the knight's castle Start lesson
Lesson plan Revision of the past Introduction Assignment for lesson 1. The feudal lord's castle. 2. Equipment of the knight. 3. Entertainment knights. 4. "Shame and shame are terrible to me - not death." Anchoring
Review of the past Complete the task
Introduction By the middle of the 11th century, a social system was established in Europe, which modern historians call feudal. The middle of the 11th to the end of the 13th century is the heyday of medieval society. Power belonged to the landowners-feudal lords, secular and ecclesiastical. The vast majority of the population were dependent peasants. At the head was the monarch (sole ruler): the king, in a smaller state - a count or a duke. The privileges and duties of masters and peasants took shape in certain customs, written laws and regulations. Peasants and townspeople were not included in the feudal ladder, but were also connected with the masters by contractual relations. Such personal relationships in the form of contracts and oaths are a notable feature of the Western Middle Ages.
Introduction Thus, medieval society consisted of three large groups of people. Figuratively, the people of that time represented it like this: “Three bodies of the state” “Those who fight” “Those who pray” “Those who work” Clergy Chivalry Peasantry
Lesson assignment? Why could only a very rich person be a knight?
1. Castle of the feudal lord. Since the 8th century, many castles have been built in Europe to protect against the attacks of the Normans and Hungarians. Gradually, each gentleman tried to build a castle for himself: depending on the possibilities - huge or modest. The castle is the dwelling of the feudal lord and his fortress.
1. Castle of the feudal lord. At first, castles were built of wood, later of stone. Powerful walls with crenellated towers served as a reliable defense. The castle was often erected on a hill or a high rock, surrounded by a wide moat with water. Sometimes it was built on an island in the middle of a river or lake. A drawbridge was thrown over a moat or channel, and at night and during an enemy attack, it was raised on chains. From the tower above the gate, she constantly surveyed the surroundings of the guard and, noticing the enemy in the distance, blew the alarm. Then the soldiers hurried to take their places on the walls and in the towers. gate tower
1. Castle of the feudal lord. To get into the castle, it was necessary to overcome many obstacles. The enemies had to fill up the ditch, overcome the hill in the open space, approach the walls, climb them along the attached assault ladders, or smash the oak, iron-bound gates with a battering ram. On the heads of the enemies, the defenders of the castle threw stones and logs, poured boiling water and hot pitch, threw spears, showered them with arrows. Often the attackers had to storm a second, even higher wall. Castle Defense
1. Castle of the feudal lord. Above all the buildings towered the main tower - donjon. In it, the feudal lord with his warriors and servants could withstand a long siege if other fortifications were already captured. Inside the tower, halls were located one above the other. In the basement, they made a well and stored food supplies. Nearby, prisoners languished in a damp and dark dungeon. From the basement, they usually dug a secret underground passage that led to a river or forest. donjon
1. Castle of the feudal lord. The only iron door leading to the tower was located high above the ground. If you managed to break it, then you had to fight for each floor. On ladders it was necessary to make their way through hatches, which were closed with heavy stone slabs. In case the tower was captured, a spiral staircase was made in the thickness of the wall; along it, the owner of the castle, together with his family and soldiers, could go down to the saving underground passage. Castle in Spain
2. Equipment of the knight. Warfare became the occupation almost exclusively of the feudal lords, and this was the case for many centuries. The feudal lord often fought all his life. The knight was armed with a great sword and a long spear; often he also used a battle ax and a club - a heavy club with a thickened metal end. With a large shield, the knight could cover himself from head to toe. ?
2. Equipment of the knight. The knight's body was protected by chain mail - a shirt woven from iron rings (sometimes in 2-3 layers) and reaching to the knees. Later, chain mail was replaced by armor - armor made of steel plates. The knight put on a helmet on his head, and in a moment of danger he lowered a visor over his face - a metal plate with slits for the eyes. The knights fought on strong, hardy horses, which were also protected by armor. The knight was accompanied by a squire and several armed warriors, mounted and on foot, - a whole "combat unit". Helm Visor Mail Plate Shield Gaiter Knee Pad Plate Clogs Plate Gloves
2. Equipment of the knight. The warhorse, knight's equipment and travelers' equipment were very expensive. Therefore, a landowner could carry out knightly service, who was provided with everything necessary by dependent peasants. The feudal lords prepared for military service from childhood. They constantly practiced fencing, horseback riding, wrestling, swimming and javelin throwing, learned the techniques and tactics of combat. Knight in full armor
3. Entertainment knights. Gentlemen rarely took care of household affairs themselves. To do this, they kept managers on each estate. The main time the feudal lords devoted to war and military exercises, hunting and feasts. The knight's favorite pastimes - hunting and tournaments - were connected with military affairs. Hunting not only served as entertainment, but also helped replenish food supplies. During the hunt, one could show courage and dexterity: fighting an angry wild boar or a wounded bear was just as dangerous as with an enemy warrior, and chasing deer trained in riding. Hunting
3. Entertainment knights. Tournaments - military competitions of knights in strength and dexterity - were arranged by kings and noble feudal lords. A lot of spectators gathered there, sometimes from several countries. Noble gentlemen, judges and ladies sat in the stands, and the common people crowded behind a wooden barrier around the arena.
3. Entertainment knights. Special heralds - heralds - announced the names and mottos of the knights entering the battle. Tournament participants, dressed in combat armor, dispersed to opposite ends of the arena. At the sign of the judge, they raced on horseback towards each other. With a blunt tournament spear, the knight tried to knock the enemy out of the saddle. Sometimes the competition ended in serious injuries or even death of the participants. The winner was rewarded with a horse and armor of the defeated opponent. Occasionally, a battle was played out between two knightly detachments, which lined up in a chain. Royal Heralds Squad Battle
3. Entertainment knights. Usually the tournament ended with a feast. And vice versa, solemn feasts on the occasion of victories, coronations, weddings and other important events for the nobility often included not only feasts and dances, but also tournament competitions. During such celebrations, knightings often took place, honors and awards were distributed. In the evenings, the inhabitants of the castle gathered in the common hall, where a huge hearth was burning - a fireplace, played dice and chess, drank wine and beer, and resolved their family affairs. The monotonous life was broken by the arrivals of guests and holidays. At the feasts in the castles, wine flowed like a river, tables broke under the weight of snacks. Animal carcasses were roasted whole in the hearths, on huge skewers. The inhabitants of the castles and their guests were amused by jesters and dwarfs, invited artists and, of course, poets from among the retinue. Speech by musicians ntov
3. Entertainment knights. In childhood, teachers were invited to future knights who taught them singing, dancing, dressing, behavior in society, but not always - reading, writing, arithmetic.
4. "Shame and shame are terrible to me - not death." Noble knights considered themselves “noble” people, were proud of the antiquity of their families and the number of famous ancestors. The knight had his own coat of arms - a distinctive sign of the family and a motto - a short saying that usually explained the meaning of the coat of arms. Full coat of arms and examples of coats of arms
4. "Shame and shame are terrible to me - not death." The knights did not hesitate to rob the vanquished, their own peasants, and even those passing on the high roads. At the same time, the knight was supposed to despise prudence, frugality, but show generosity. The incomes received from the peasants and military booty were most often spent on gifts, feasts and treats for friends, hunting, expensive clothes, and on the maintenance of servants and soldiers.
4. "Shame and shame are terrible to me - not death." Loyalty to the king and lord was considered another important quality of a knight. This was his main duty. And treason imposed a stigma on the whole family of a traitor. “Whoever cheats on his lord, he must rightfully suffer punishment,” one of the poems says. In legends about knights, courage, prowess, contempt for death, nobility were sung.
4. "Shame and shame are terrible to me - not death." This developed code (laws) of knightly honor also included other special rules: a knight must seek feats, fight enemies of the Christian faith, protect the honor of ladies, as well as the weak and offended, especially widows and orphans, be fair and gallant. But these rules of knightly honor were applied mainly in relations between feudal lords. All those who were considered "ignoble", the knights despised, behaved with them arrogantly and cruelly. However, in relations between "noble" people, the rules of knightly honor were not always respected. AT Everyday life, in the family, with vassals and equals, many feudal lords were rude, cruel and unrestrained, greedy and stingy, they could dishonor a woman. Worship of a beautiful lady
Consolidation Complete task 1. Complete task 2. Complete
Materials used Agibalova E.V., Donskoy G.M. History of the Middle Ages Grade 6 / textbook for secondary schools. - M.: Enlightenment, 2008. Illustrations: - Devyataikina N. I. History of the Middle Ages: Textbook. 6th grade . Part 1 / Devyataikina N. I. - M .: OLMAPRESS, 2008.
Feudal Stairs Return
"In the knight's castle"
The purpose of the lesson:
Create conditions for the formation of a figurative representation of the castle of the feudal lord, the equipment of the knight, their entertainment;
To acquaint with the moral values, norms and attitudes of the feudal lords, the ability to work with texts according to the algorithm, draw up a plan, find definitions in the text, express their own opinions, which will contribute to the education of positive personal qualities, respect for people.
Tasks
Tutorials:
Create conditions for the formation of students' ideas about the living conditions of the feudal lords, about the equipment of a knight, tournaments, moral standards and attitudes;
Developing:
Contribute to the continuation of the formation of skills to work with texts according to the algorithm, analyze historical sources, draw up a plan, find definitions in the text, and express their own opinions.
Educational:
Contribute to the development of a culture of business communication;
Formation of ethical norms and values through the assimilation of the concepts: "honor", "glory", "nobility".
Lesson type: lesson learning new material.
Lesson Form : Lesson using electronic educational resources (EER)
Forms of organization of educational activities:
- frontal
Lesson equipment and resources:
- Computer, multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard
- Smart Notebook Software 10.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
2. Motivational attitude(transition from game activity to educational)
a) creating a problematic situation through an inciting dialogue (to collide the opinions of students with a practical task), opening the topic of the lesson.
Pay attention to the board (slide number 1): Who is depicted here?
(Knight, since a knight is a mounted warrior).
Slide 2 appears on the screen.
The word "knight" comes from the German "ritter", which means rider.
Where of the proposed buildings could a knight live? Justify your opinion. Buildings numbered. Within 2 min. the guys think, and then choose the option that, in their opinion, corresponds to the number of the knight's dwelling on the slide.
Why was such a choice made?
(The guys explain, describe how, in their opinion, the knight's house should have looked.)
Let's test your assumptions. (On the screen, slide No. 3 is an image of a castle). If someone made a mistake, why did the mistake occur.
students they say that this topic has not yet been studied.
Teacher draws students' attention to the image of a knight on the blackboard and the knight's castle on slide number 3 and asks them to formulate the topic of the lesson.
Children call the topic of the lesson: “In the knight's castle” or “Knight's castle”, “Knight's castle” (the teacher formulates the topic of the lesson, because the meaning is the same)
Teacher ask students the question: What would they like to learn in the lesson? (thus, goal-setting occurs, students themselves formulate the goals of their work), based on the answers: the knights' occupations, living conditions, their housing, etc. a plan for studying the topic is being built. (Slide number 5)
Teacher asks students to describe the knight’s house shown on the slide (children say that the knight’s house looks like a fortress, is built of stone, has strong walls, is well fortified, etc.) and poses a problem for students: What was the reason for what the knight was just such a house, and not another?
b) search for a solution (through the nomination and testing of hypotheses)
(Student answers: to protect against enemies, to store wealth,
for receiving guests, for waging war, etc.)
3. Solution of the educational and practical task
To test the hypotheses and solve the problem, work is organized with slides depicting locks.
1) "My home is my castle."
Starting from the 8th century, many castles were built in Europe to protect against the attacks of the Normans and Hungarians. Gradually, each gentleman tried to build a castle for himself: depending on the possibilities - huge or modest. (Slide 6)
Lock - This is the dwelling of the feudal lord and his fortress.
At first castles were built of wood, later of stone.
The castle was built on a hill or high rock (Slide 7), surrounded by a wide moat with water. (Slide 8). A drawbridge was thrown over the moat. (Slide 9). There was only one entrance to the castle. Powerful fortifications towered behind the moat: there could be several fortress walls. In case of danger, the bridge rose and, like a door, closed the entrance.
It was very difficult to take the castle by attack - it was necessary to overcome the ditch, knock out the gate, or climb the wall along the assault ladder.
a) the teacher's story about the construction of the castle.
Towered above the walls of the castle donjon (citadel) - the highest and largest tower of the castle, in which the feudal lord took refuge during the siege, when the entire territory of the castle was captured by the enemy. (Slide 10). Students are shown a picture of a donjon.
Inside the tower, halls were located one above the other. (Slide 11).
In the basement, they made a well and stored food supplies - this made it possible to withstand the siege of the castle. Nearby, prisoners languished in a damp and dark dungeon.
The owner's quarters were on the top floor. To get there, the attackers fought for each floor.
The floor below was the quarters for servants - here they slept, ate and worked during the siege.
On the lower floor there was a kitchen and a refectory, where the defenders of the castle ate during the siege.
In case the tower was captured, a spiral staircase was made in the thickness of the wall; along it, the owner of the castle, together with his family and soldiers, could go down into the underground passage.
b) comparative analysis (lock diagrams on slide 12 and in the textbook on p. 124.)
Open with. 124 of the textbook, look carefully at the diagram "The arrangement of Goodrich Castle in England."
What else could be in the castle?
c) fixing the question “My house is my fortress”.(Slide 13). (Working with the Medieval Castle module Scene 2.
1. What is a lock?
2. Why did feudal lords need castles so much?
3. What does the saying “My house is my fortress” mean?
2) "Knight's Gear"
a) problematic task.
In the Middle Ages, people compared society to a living organism. Peasants were compared to feet. What part of the body do you think the knights were associated with?
(With hands because they were holding weapons.)
Initially, any person who could buy armor and a war horse (which at that time was worth 45 cows) could become a knight, but later this title was inherited.
b) Let's look at the knight's equipment.
The knight was armed with a great sword and a long spear; the sword was illuminated by the priest at the altar (Slide 14). often he used a battle ax and mace - a heavy club with a thickened metal end. (Slide 15).
With a large shield, the knight could cover himself from head to toe. (Slide 16).
The knight's body protected chain mail - a shirt woven from rings and reaching to the knees. Later the chain mail was changed armor - armor made of steel plates: necklace, cuirass, bracers, mittens, legguards, knee pads, slippers. (Slide 17).
The knight put on a helmet on his head, and in a moment of danger he lowered it onto his face visor - a metal plate with slits for the eyes. (Slide 18).
The weight of the equipment reached 50-60 kg. (Slide 19).
The knight had 2-3 horses: ordinary and combat, in armor. Such a horse could only be hit in the belly. The horse's head was covered with a metal or leather cap, the chest with iron plaques, and the sides with leather. In addition, the horse was covered with a blanket or saddlecloth made of velvet or other expensive material with embroidered coats of arms of knights. Horses “armed” in this way were called “plated”. (Slide 20).
So, the knight had the following equipment (Slide 21).
c) Working with new terms.
Mace, chain mail, armor, visor.
d) Fixing the question "Knight's Equipment". (Slide 22).
(Working with the "Knight Equipment" module)
So, what was the equipment of the knight?
Students take turns going to the board and choosing the appropriate items of equipment and their names.
3) Raising a knight.(Slide 23).
a) Interview with students.
Do you think it was easy to become a knight?
Was it necessary to study for this and what?
Why could only a rich man be a knight?
b) The teacher's story about the upbringing of knights.
Initiation marked a long transition to maturity and independence. It completed the seven-year course, when the young man, as page (servant) and squire he was trained by an experienced knight, serving him at the table, cleaning his horse and sharing all the worries about his mentor with unfree servants.
The knighting ceremony consisted of several stages. (Slide 25). First of all, he was put on spurs, and one of the oldest knights girded him with a sword - the most honorable weapon. Then the initiator struck the young man with a blow on the back of the head or on the cheek with his palm - the only slap in the face in life that a knight can receive without returning. The whole ritual ended with a demonstration of the dexterity of the new knight: having jumped on a horse, he had to pierce the set target with a spear.
1. How was a knight brought up?
2. Why did the feudal lords need special education?
Noble knights considered themselves “noble” people, they were proud of the antiquity of their families and the number of famous ancestors.
The knight had coat of arms - a distinctive sign of the genus and its own motto - a short saying, usually explaining the meaning of the coat of arms. (Slide 26). The spread of coats of arms is associated with the flourishing of military equipment, primarily with the appearance of a helmet covering the faces of warriors. The coat of arms was depicted in bright colors on the shield. Together with the crest, he performed an important task.
The spread of coats of arms is associated with the flourishing of military equipment, primarily with the appearance of a helmet covering the faces of warriors. The coat of arms was depicted in bright colors on the shield. Together with the crest, he performed an important task.
c) Working with new terms. ( coat of arms, motto)
An important quality of a knight was considered loyalty to the king and lord. This was his main duty. Treason imposed a stigma on the whole family of a traitor.
In legends about knights, courage, prowess, contempt for death, nobility were sung.
Code of Knighthood:(Slide 27).
- The knight must seek exploits;
- Fight the enemies of the Christian faith;
- To defend the honor of ladies, as well as the weak and offended, especially widows and orphans;
- Be fair and gallant.
d) Consolidation of the question "Education of a knight". (Slide 28). (Working with the Medieval Castle module Scene 4-5.http://www.fcior.edu.ru/card/12941/srednevekovyy-zamok.html)
e) work with illustration textbook on p.118
Who is shown in the picture?
What can be said about their relationship to each other?
Students are asked the question: what kind of behavior do we now call chivalrous?(opinions are heard).
4 ) "Entertainment of the Knights".(Slide 29).
a) Interview with students.
What do you think the knight did?
Military affairs became the exclusive occupation of the feudal lords, and this was the case for many centuries. The feudal lord often fought all his life.
In their free time from campaigns, the knights tried to maintain their glory by participating in knightly tournaments. The place where the tournaments were held was called the list.
Tournaments were appointed by the kings and were held under the control of special heralds - heralds . They also announced the names and mottos of the knights who entered the battle.
The tournament lasted for 2 days.
Tournament - combat competition of knights in strength and dexterity. (Slide 30).
On the first day, the knights participated in individual competitions. Tournament participants wore full equipment, only the spears were without sharp tips. With a blunt spear, the knight tried to knock the enemy out of the saddle. Sometimes competitions ended with serious injuries or even death of the participants. The winner was rewarded with a horse and the armor of the vanquished. Occasionally, tournaments of 2 knightly detachments were played.
b) watching movie fragments"The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe"(Slide 30).
Watch an excerpt from the film "The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe" and name the actors of the tournament.
The winner chose the queen of the tournament. Watch another small fragment of the film and answer the question: How was the awarding of the knight? (Slide 31).
On the second day, the knights took part in team competitions, splitting into two groups led by the two strongest on the basis of the results of the first day. (Slide 32).
(Working with the "Joust Tournament" module Scene 1-3. (http://www.fcior.edu.ru/card/21503/rycarskiy-turnir.html).
Another favorite pastime was hunting. (Slide 32). Many feudal lords kept specially trained dogs or falcons. During the persecution of the beast, the participants of the hunt jumped out to the lands of the peasants, neighbors and caused them enormous damage, trampling the crops. Hunting was a dangerous occupation - often its participants died.
Another of the entertainments of the knights was feasts, which they liked to organize especially in winter. (Slide 33).
(Working with the Medieval Castle module Scene 6.http://www.fcior.edu.ru/card/12941/srednevekovyy-zamok.html)
c) Working with terms.
Write down the definitions of concepts in your notebook: tournament, herald.)
d) fixing the question"Entertainment of the Knights".
Name the knights' favorite pastimes.
What was the importance of tournaments and hunting for the feudal lords?
Write down the definitions of concepts in a notebook: coat of arms, motto.)
What qualities were especially highly valued among the feudal lords?
To what extent did the image of the “ideal knight” correspond to the real appearance and behavior of the masters? https://accounts.google.com
This work is for 6th grade. Students will get acquainted with the life and way of life of the knights, find out how their upbringing went. The presentation will help students visualize the life of knights. The lesson deals with the concept of a knight, distinctive features knighthood. The illustrations used in the presentation will help students imagine life in a medieval castle, knightly tournaments and entertainment. The concept of knightly honor is being formed.
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"Presentation for the lesson "In the knight's castle""
6th grade
Lesson topic:
"In the knight's castle"
Plan:
1. Castle of the feudal lord.
2. Equipment of knights.
3.Knights at leisure.
4. Knightly honor.
Let's write the definition:
Lock - this is the dwelling of the feudal lord and his fortress
Feudal castle
At first, castles were built of wood, later - of stone. Powerful battlements served as reliable protection.
Feudal castle
The castle was often built on a hill or high rock, surrounded by a moat and water. Sometimes it was built on an island in the middle of a river or lake.
Feudal castle
A drawbridge was thrown across a moat or river; at night or when enemies attacked, it rose. Guards watched from the towers. Noticing the enemy, they sounded the alarm.
Feudal castle
In order to get into the castle, it was necessary to overcome many obstacles: fill up the moat, overcome the hill through the open space, take the fortress by storm.
Above all the buildings of the castle towered the main tower - donjon
In it, the feudal lord with his warriors and servants could withstand a long siege, even if other fortifications were captured.
Feudal castle
The only iron door leading to the tower was located high above the ground. If you managed to break it, then you had to fight for each floor.
Knight equipment
Military affairs became the exclusive occupation of the feudal lords for many centuries. Often feudal lords fought all their lives.
Knight equipment
The knight was armed with a large sword, a long spear, a battle ax and a club. With a large shield, he could cover himself from head to toe.
Knight equipment
The body of the knight was originally protected by chain mail, which reached the knees, later it was replaced by armor. He put on a helmet on his head and in a moment of danger the knight lowered his visor over his face.
Knight equipment
The knights fought on strong and hardy horses, which were also protected by armor. A war horse, knightly equipment were very expensive, so only the landowner could serve.
The feudal lords devoted most of their time to wars and military exercises, hunting and feasts. Hunting served not only as entertainment, but also helped replenish food supplies.
After the hunt, the feudal lord arranged a feast, which was attended by many guests, the tables were bursting with treats. The musicians entertained the guests.
Tournaments are military competitions of knights in strength and dexterity. A lot of spectators gathered there, sometimes even from several countries.
- During the celebrations, knightings were often held, honors and awards were distributed.
Only after a long service distinguished themselves were knighted.
During big holiday the warrior knelt before the most noble of the guests, and he struck with his palm on the back of the head or with the blade of the sword on the back - this was the only blow that the knight could receive without repaying him.
Let's sum up the lesson.
Homework
- Paragraph 11, draw the coat of arms of your family.
Topic. In the knight's castle.
Lesson type: lesson-journey
Goals:one. To acquaint students with the concepts of "chivalry", "knight" as one of the important stages in the formation of medieval European society, with the main activities, with how they lived, what were the entertainments, with the rules of the Code of Knightly Honor.
2. To develop the ability to work with a textbook, documents, creative tasks; speech, memory, thinking.
3. To cultivate respect for each other, devotion to one's Motherland, friends on the example of the Code of Knightly Honor.
Lesson equipment: textbook, PC.
Board decoration: lesson topic, lesson plan, terms (castle, knight, donjon, tournament, coat of arms, motto,).
During the classes.
Organizational moment.
check d / z
In the last lesson, we got acquainted with new concepts: seigneur, feudal lord, feudal estate, feud. How well you prepared for today's lesson will be shown by a test on the topic of d / z, which consists of 5 questions. You have 5 minutes to complete it.
Test:
1Choose the correct answer.
According to medieval ideas, the "nobility" of the land was determined by:
a) the position of its owner
b) her fertility
c) its location
2Restore the correct order (highest to lowest):
a) a knight
b) baron
c) king
3Establish a connection between the words feud and vassal:
a) the vassal received a fief from the lord for military service
b) the vassal gave the lord a fief for military service
c) these words are not connected in any way
4Explain the meaning of the expression "The vassal of my vassal is not my vassal":
a) the lord could not demand service from the vassal of his vassal
b) a vassal could not be the lord of another vassal
c) a lord could not be a vassal of another lord
5.Find the odd one: Responsibilities of the vassal in relation to the liege:
a) forty days a year to serve in the army of a lord
b) to sit in the seigneur's court
c) provide the seigneur with financial assistance at his first request
Now switch tests. I show you the key and you check each other's work. Tell me, who made how many mistakes? What grades would you give each other?
Key: 1-a; 2- c, b, a; 3-a, 4 - a; 5 - a, b.
III . Explanation of new material.
Communication of lesson objectives .
Today in the lesson we will make a trip to Medieval Europe and visit a knight's castle, get acquainted with the concept of "knights", find out what entertainment they had, what they did, what a knightly code of honor is. And also find out why only a very rich person could be a knight? slide 2
We open notebooks, write down the date, the topic of the lesson "In the knight's castle." slide 1.
1. Who do you think a knight is?
Knight - heavily armed mounted warrior / the term is written in notebook/.
Were knights feudal lords? /Yes /.
In which of the proposed buildings could a knight live? Why? Slide 3.
What is the name of this building?
What is a castle? / the dwelling of the feudal lord, write in a notebook./
Our first stop is "The Feudal Castle" slide 4.
What does the castle look like? Describe it.
Where was the castle built? Why?
Why was the castle surrounded by a moat?
And how to get into the castle if it is surrounded by water?
Why a moat with water if there is a bridge and you can easily enter the castle through it?
Why was the drawbridge needed? Slide 5.
What was the reason that the knight had just such a house, and not another?
In case of danger, the bridge rose and, like a door, closed the entrance.
A donjon towered above all the buildings - the highest and largest tower of the castle./ write the definition in a notebook /
It was very difficult to take the castle by attack - it was necessary to overcome the ditch, knock out the gate, or climb the wall along the assault ladder
When the assault on the castle began, the feudal lord with his family, soldiers and servants took refuge in the main tower - the donjon.
Let's take a look at the main tower from the inside, shall we?<слайд № 6>Describe her.
What was on each floor?
Inside the tower, halls were located one above the other.
In the basement, they made a well and stored food supplies. Nearby, prisoners languished in a damp and dark dungeon.
The owner's quarters were on the top floor. To get there, the attackers fought for each floor.
The floor below was the quarters for servants - here they slept, ate and worked during the siege.
On the lower floor there was a kitchen and a refectory, where the defenders of the castle ate during the siege.
Why do you think the feudal lord and his family lived on the top floor?
Why was there a secret staircase in the tower?
And where could it go down?
In case the tower was captured along it, the owner of the castle, together with his family and soldiers, could go down into the underground passage.
Look at castles. Slide 7
Do you think it was expensive for a knight to maintain such a house?
Could a poor man maintain such a house?
Could a poor man be a knight?
Imagine that you are the defenders of the castle. The enemy is trying to storm the castle, what are your actions? You can use the tables "Feudal Castle", "Gate with a drawbridge" / throw stones from the walls, pour boiling water, etc. /.
At this time, the saying “My home is my fortress” appears.».
Explain what the saying means:? / The house should protect from enemies, i.e. to be a fortress.
What was the main occupation of the knights?
They came to the war with their weapons, equipment, bringing a detachment of people with them.
2. Our next stop is "Knight's Equipment"
P.93 illustration. slide 8.
What were the knights armed with, what was their equipment?
How expensive do you think the equipment was? /expensive /.
Therefore, the feudal lords, who were provided by the peasants, could carry out military service.
The armor was heavy, the knight could not put it on on his own. What was the name of the person who accompanied the knight, helped him? /squire/.
Do you think it was necessary to study in order to become a knight?
You will learn about how the knight was trained from the document on p. 93 textbooks.
We open page 93 of the textbook, we read document "The Education of a Knight"
Reading questions:
A) What was the name of the person who accompanied the knight on campaigns, helped him?
b) At what age did the boy leave the house?
c) Who served?
D) What did you become at the age of 15, what did you do?
e) What was the ceremony of knighting?
3. The war is over, the victory is celebrated. Evenings in everyday life were boring. Imagine: dark, damp room, because the fireplace could not heat the large room. They played chess, drank wine, waited for guests and entertainment.
Our next stop is "Entertainment."
How did the knights have fun in peacetime? /hunting, feasts, tournaments/.
Why were they happy to go hunting? / it was possible to show dexterity, replenish food supplies /.slide 9
There were jousting tournaments. What? Slide 10
/Tournament is a military competition of knights in strength and dexterity/./ The term is written in the dictionary/.
Do you know how the knightly tournaments were held?
Listen to what our textbook tells us about this. /read an excerpt from. 94-95/
a) How did it all start? /Special heralds announced the tournament/. slide 11
B) How did the castles react to this news? / knights, ladies, servants rejoiced, got the best clothes /.
c) Why were the knights happy? / Opportunity to show their strength, dexterity /.
D) How did the tournament itself begin? /The names or honorary nicknames of the participants, their mottos were announced/.
D) Tell us what you know about the fight?
E) Why was a blunt spear used? / In order not to injure or kill an opponent /.
G) What could be the reward for the winner? /for example, the opponent's horse and armor/.
H) How did the tournament end?
i) What happened during the feast?
6. Study Item: Code of Chivalry .
Noble knights considered themselves “noble” people, were proud of the nobility of their kind, valued their honor.
Our last stop is "Code of Chivalry."
Each had its own coat of arms and motto. Find in the textbook what the motto is, coat of arms. p. 95 slide 11
/ The coat of arms is a distinctive sign of the family.
The motto is a short saying that explained the meaning of the coat of arms /.
There was a knightly code of honor. What it is? / Rules of conduct for knights /.
What rules did he include? , find it yourself in the textbook on p. 96, 2-3 paragraphs./ Answers of students/.
What was more precious than life? /honour/.
But the code of honor did not apply to everyone, but only to equals. The knights did not always follow the code of honor. It did not apply to the family, vassals, peasants. With them, often the knights behaved rudely. Often engaged in robberies on the roads. They did not save money, but spent it on feasts and gifts. In books, movies, knights were idealized, but it was not always so. 2.- Who do we call a knight in modern times? (A well-bred person who helps, protects the weak).
Who in our school can be called a knight? (student answers).
Since the Middle Ages, the custom has been preserved: take off your hat when entering a room, take off your gloves when greeting. What could it mean at the time? (The man trusts the owner, he came without a weapon).
-So, what was good in the knightly code of honor, what can be used in modern times?
III. Consolidation throughout the studied material
Our journey is over. Let's remember which stations we were at.
1. Castle of the feudal lord.
2. Equipment of the knight.
3. Entertainment.
- So, what did we learn in the lesson?
a) Who are the knights?
b) What was the name of their dwelling.
c) What was the equipment of the knight.
d) What were their entertainments.
e) What rules included the knightly code of honor.
Now answer the question that was posed at the beginning of the lesson, why could only a very rich person be a knight?
IV .Summing up the lesson. Commenting on student grades.
V .Homework: paragraph 11, answer questions 1, 2, 4.
