Dymkovo toy drawings of children. Dymkovo painting: distinctive features and manufacturing technology of Dymkovo toys on the example of a step-by-step master class with detailed video stories. Child and folk toys

Dymkovo toy is a bright representative of Russian folk art. The product is unusual and unique. This type of folk art craft continued to develop for a long time and was replaced by generations of craftsmen. Haze painting first appeared 400 years ago and continues to be popular. Throughout this time, its appearance has not ceased to change, but the principle of its creation has remained the same.

This type of fishing originated from Dymkovskaya Sloboda, which is currently included in the city of Kirov (formerly Vyatka). There is a special legend that is associated with the creation of such a toy. Many centuries ago, two friendly troops met near the walls of this city, but due to the fact that it was too dark on the street, they thought that they were enemies to each other, and a bloody battle began. A large number of warriors died in it, it is believed that their angry spirits still continue to fly over this field. After this sad event, it was decided to celebrate feast every year in the spring.

Over time, such an incident was forgotten, and instead of a feast, festivities arose, which became known as “whistle dances”. On this day, women were supposed to sculpt various clay figures, which were then beautifully painted with numerous patterns and decorative elements. During the holiday, figurines whistled merrily, and colored balls, in which a pea was previously placed, were thrown at each other, which additionally filled the street with a cheerful noise.

Of course, not only the battle of friendly troops led to the appearance of such a holiday and the Dymkovo toy itself. It should also be noted that near the Dymkovo settlement there were large deposits of clay that could be freely used in ceramics. The unusual method of sculpting Dymkovo figures and painting them made them especially popular among residents not only of Kirov, but also of other cities.

The main features of the Dymkovo figurine

The main feature of the Dymkovo toy, which differs markedly from other do-it-yourself products, is that all of them could make a certain sound: crackling, rumbling, whistling, extraneous noise. Such an unusual feature is due to the fact that, according to believers, evil forces cannot stand noise. In ancient times, such a figurine served as a protection from spirits.

In the spring, when vegetables and fruits were planted, the presence of spirits was considered dangerous for the yield and growth of plants. People thought that they appeared in the fields as early as the winter months, and in order to get rid of the spirits, it was necessary to use the spring holidays, which were distinguished by special noise and fun. The Dymkovo figurine was created to scare away dangerous evil forces with the help of whistles and other sounds.

The main feature of such a toy is the presence of noise and whistle. Now the presence of noise in a toy is not considered a particularly important property, but the methods of its creation and painting have survived to this day.

Manufacturing principle

The whole principle of creating such an unusual toy can be divided into several stages. These include:

• modeling;
• drying;
• burning;
• whitewash finish;
• applying patterns and drawings.

The sculpting procedure is carried out by hand, so each resulting model of the figurine differs from the others in its appearance and shape.

For such a toy, bright red clay is most often used, which is pre-mixed with river sand. The toy is created with details, and after that all the details are combined with each other using red liquid clay, while the joints are made smoother, smoothing them with a wet rag.

Dymkovo modeling is distinguished by the following technology:

• preparation of the base (templates for Dymkovo painting in kindergarten);
• creation of additional details;
• connection of the main parts and the body;
• decoration and painting.

The main detail in such a toy is the torso. First, a ball is formed from a piece of clay. They make the best silhouette out of it. The smoother such a process is, the more correct and attractive the finished figure will turn out.

Additional parts are also created from a clay ball, but it must be taken in a small size. Additional parts in this case include: head, neck, limbs of the figurine and the rest. They are installed on the main body, and at the junctions they are masked with clay and water. This will help make the transition a smoother type.

In this case, clay balls, rings, sausages, which are then attached to the figure, can serve as decoration. For example, to create a young lady, you first need to form a cone-shaped skirt. After that, a torso with a molded head is installed on it. Next you need to attach the arms and head. At the end of the work, it remains to dress up the figurine, put on a scarf or an unusual hat on it and put some animal or child in her arms.

Male figures are created according to a different principle. The torso and head in this case are combined with the legs, which look like two sausages that bend at the bottom and get legs. The hat and hair will also be noticeably different from the female version.

The body of an animal (oleshek, goat, cockerel, horse) will look more like a cone, to the sharp part of which the neck and head are attached. The paws in this case are created large, slightly narrowed at the bottom. The horns and tail are mounted on the body of the animal at the very end.

It is also important to consider that all Dymkovo figurines noticeably expand at the bottom. For example, in female images there is always a dress expanding downwards, and male figures are often put on a horse. Animals (goat, horse) have short legs. This is done due to the fact that a too weak bottom may simply not bear the weight of the toy at the end of drying.

Roasting, drying and processing

At the end of the sculpting of the figure, it should be well dried and processed by firing. Drying time will be determined depending on the size of the figurine, temperature and humidity in the room. It is very important to understand humidity, temperature and other parameters.

Depending on these values, drying will last from three days to three weeks.

After drying, the toy must be burned. Previously, a kiln was used to bake a painted figurine. The products were placed on a metal baking sheet and placed on the firewood itself. After the toy began to lean to the side, it was cooled well. Now they use improved models of stoves that help save time and protect the master from possible dangers at work.

At the end of drying and firing, the figurine begins to change its color to red-brown, therefore, after applying the patterns, it is completely whitened. To do this, a special solution obtained from milk and a fine powder is applied to the product. After the milk turns sour, the solution acquires a solid consistency, a smooth layer dries up on the surface of the figurine white color. Whitening figurines not only helps to give evenness to their surface, but also differs in special brightness and beauty, which makes the product even more decorative.

Despite a large number of attempts to change the constituent elements of the solution, they did not bring significant results. After changing the composition of the figurines, they began to turn yellow or their surface was dented. That is why until our time they continue to use whitewash, which is made from fine powder and milk.

Drawing features

To create a truly unique and unusual product, you need to use a large number of bright colors, contrasting shades, as well as geometric shapes. With the help of such elements, the figurine will definitely acquire a beautiful festive look. Features of a phased painting:

Dymkovo toys are produced to this day. This process has not been modernized in any way and has not become serial. Figurines continue to be painted and created with their own hands, following the basic rules that were created 400 years ago, when folk craft. But not all young masters can fully undergo training, but those who are fully trained in it eventually become professionals in their field.

They independently create unusual and attractive images of the Dymkovo toy, each of which is distinguished by its unusual appearance and uniqueness. The creation and painting of toys continues to be a female profession. Knowledge of manufacturing principles and a wide imagination will help a woman easily create an unusual image and fill it with a lot of bright colors.

With the help of Dymkovo painting, which has existed for about 400 years, the rich story Russian people and the development of its cultural sphere of life. Such unusual and attractive figurines not only cheer up a person, but also immerse him in a real fairy tale with a memorable plot that everyone can come up with on their own. And although such figurines currently do not carry any magical purpose, they continue to be symbols of kindness, generosity and health.

The festive look of the toys was created by painting on a chalky white background, based on a geometric ornament and bright, contrasting colors, complemented by pasted pieces of golden foil. The toys were covered with a dazzling white layer of chalk diluted in skimmed milk, and then a bright multi-color painting (4-8 colors) was performed on this whitewash with dry aniline paints rubbed on an egg diluted with vinegar or peroxide kvass. Currently, gouache paints diluted on an egg, tempera or special paints for ceramics are used. For painting, they used home-made brushes made of rags (stretched canvas patch wound on a stick) and splinter-sticks for pointing eyes and eyebrows. The spots were applied with the end of an evenly cut twig. Now they use kolinsky or ferret brushes.

Bright and original painting is a large geometric pattern, combined with smooth-colored parts. Skirts and figures of animals are especially varied and elegantly ornamented. The colors of the painting are combined according to the principle of contrast and mutual complementation; the multicolor is emphasized by the presence of white and black colors and complemented by shiny squares of gold leaf (now copper potash) pasted on the headdresses and collars of ladies, epaulettes and cockades of the military, magnificent tails of turkeys, etc. In the painting of toys, bright colors are traditionally used: blue, red, orange, yellow, crimson, blue, light blue, emerald green, green and, in very small quantities, brown and black. Yellow paint was complemented by pieces of gold and silver potal. Paints ground on egg yolk sounded muffled, as if giving the ground some of their color. Each craftswoman had her own recipes for their breeding. The coloring of the figurines also had its own sequence. At first, hair was painted in black, eyebrows and eyes were applied with a stick, three red or orange spots were applied with another splinter - the mouth and cheeks. Then the hat was painted, and the painting was completed with the ornamentation of the skirt. Pieces of gold leaf or gold leaf (imitating gold of the thinnest leaves made of an alloy of copper and zinc) were glued in places on top of the coloring to enhance the brilliance. Potal complemented harmonious color combinations with a soft matte sheen. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the colors on the toys became brighter, and their combinations became more contrasting. The patterns on the clothes corresponded to the patterns on real fabrics - plain dyed, checkered, "polka dot" and small flowers. Painting elements are the simplest geometric elements: circles, rings, stripes, snakes. Fancy combinations of the simplest decorations in color, size, alternations with each other allow you to create charming and amazingly diverse painting compositions. The painting of the toy begins after firing and whitening (you can use water-based paint with PVA) with the lightest paint, then a darker color. It is important to know the meaning of color. Green color in popular representation is associated with the concept of life. symbolizes nature, earth, arable land. Bely has always been associated with the concept of moral purity, truth and goodness. Black speaks of grief, lies, evil. Red is not only a symbol of fire. but also beauty, strength, fame, health. Blue is the color of the sky.

The Dymkovo toy is characterized by the use of symbolism, striving for beauty, truth and a healthy life. All patterns in the traditional Dymkovo toy are symbolic, associated with nature, amulets.

There are solar solar signs, for example, a circle with crossed stripes. Lunar - the intersection of a perpendicular and horizontal line with points inside the four triangles formed from the intersection. points in a circle or alternating points with a circle are signs of seeds and germs.

The sign of fertility is a rhombus. The sky with clouds is a straight line and wavy on top, if the sky is rainy, with drops. then between two straight lines there is an alternation of points at equal intervals. Mother earth of cheese and grains in it - two lines are parallel, and inside it is wavy with dots on both sides in the recesses. All kinds of plant signs are used - sprouts, grains, leaves, berries, flowers and signs with a wish for good.

Each character has their own sculpting and painting techniques. Horsemen, roosters and other sculptures traditional in the Dymkovo toy are painted brightly and fantastically: a turkey with a magnificent fan-shaped tail, a horse in bright blue circles, a goat has red and gold horns. Ducks-"lionfish" differ from simple ducks in horizontal rows of frills-wings, as if they were wearing two aprons with a stucco frill - front and back. In their painting, a certain system of applying a pattern is visible. First, a wide strip is made on the chest, then narrower ones are made from the neck along the sides, in accordance with the shape of the cone. Then they are crossed by transverse stripes, forming a checkered pattern. Yellow-orange, lilac-gray, blue-green-yellow whistles demonstrate the subtle sense of color that their authors are endowed with. The painting of whistle skates is characterized by a combination of vertical stripes and rows of multi-colored peas of different sizes, made in harmonious or contrasting colors. Compared to ducks and skates, images of other animals (goats, rams, cows, and especially pigs) and birds are much less represented. Cows, goats and rams are plastically similar to horses, only the shape of the horns and the pattern of the muzzle are similar to their prototypes, the originality of the appearance of which is conveyed very succinctly. The painting of pet figurines is close to the painting of skates: as a rule, they are decorated with longitudinal rows of dark dots or small multi-colored peas.

The final touch in decoration is the application of gilding. Its use brings a unique distinctive feature to the Dymkovo toy. Traditionally, natural gold leaf was used - the thinnest gold plates laid with paper tapes to avoid sticking. The gold, together with the paper, was cut into small squares (with a side of 0.5 cm), which, with the help of a brush dipped in egg white, were transferred to the toy and carefully straightened with a dry brush.

Dymkovo toy is one of the oldest Russian folk clay crafts. It first appeared 400 years ago and still has not lost its relevance. During this time, the appearance of the Dymkovo toy changed, but the peculiarity of its manufacture, which makes it unique, remained the same. Our story about the Dymkovo toy is intended primarily for children, younger schoolchildren, but it will also be interesting for adults who are interested in reading.

The history of the creation of the Dymkovo toy

This craft comes from Dymkovskaya Sloboda, which is now part of the city of Kirov (formerly Vyatka).

There is an interesting legend associated with the creation of the Dymkovo toy. According to it, once, many centuries ago, two friendly troops met at the walls of the city, but due to the fact that it was dark, they decided that the enemy was in front of them and the battle began. Many warriors died in the battle, it is believed that their evil spirits still fly over the battlefield to this day. And after this tragic event, it was customary to celebrate a feast every year in the spring.

Gradually, this incident was forgotten, and instead of the feast, festivities appeared, which were called “whistle dances”. On this day, women sculpted various figures and balls from clay, which they beautifully and carefully painted. The figurines whistled merrily during the walk, and it was customary to throw colored balls, inside of which there were peas, at each other, which created additional noise.

Of course, not only the tragic incident contributed to the formation of the holiday and the creation of the Dymkovo toy. It was also important that near the Dymkovskaya Sloboda there were deposits of clay that could be used in ceramics. A special method of modeling and original painting made Dymkovo toys in demand not only in Kirov, but also far beyond its borders.

Features of the Dymkovo toy

A characteristic feature of the Dymkovo toy, which distinguishes it from other figurines and figurines, is that all of them could whistle, crackle, rumble and make other noise. This feature is due to the fact that evil spirits do not like noise, and the toy is just designed to disperse these spirits. In the spring, with the start of agricultural work, their presence was completely unnecessary. It was believed that they appeared on the fields even in winter, and one of the ways to deal with them was the spring holidays, which were distinguished by noisy fun. The task of the Dymkovo toy was to expel spirits with the help of whistling and roaring.

Thus, in the first place, the figurines had to make noise and whistle. At present, this is not a necessary attribute of a Dymkovo toy, however, the methods of its manufacture and painting have remained the same.

The process of making a Dymkovo toy

The whole way of creating a unique and inimitable Dymkovo toy is akin to magic and is divided into several stages. The main ones are:

modeling,
drying,
burning,
whitewash,
painting.

How to sculpt a Dymkovo toy

The molding process is carried out by hand and therefore there are no two identical Dymkovo toys, each of them is unique and contains a piece of the soul of the master who made it.

To create crafts, bright red clay mixed with fine river sand is used. The toy is created in parts, and then all the parts are fastened together with the help of liquid red clay, while the joints are smoothed with a wet rag for a smoother transition.

Modeling can be divided into several stages:

1. Building the foundation.
2. Making appendages.
3. Connection of appendages with the body.
4. Adding embellishments.

The basis in the modeling of the Dymkovo toy is the torso. First, a ball is rolled from a piece of clay. Then the desired body shape is pulled out of this ball, and the smoother this process is, the more correct and beautiful the shape is.

The manufacture of appendages is also made from a clay ball, but smaller. Appendages are limbs, head, neck, etc. They are attached to the body, and the joints are fastened with clay and water to make the transition smoother.

As decorations, you can create balls, rings, grooves, sausages from clay, and then attach them to the figure.

For example, to make a young lady, you first need to fashion a cone-shaped skirt. Then, a body with an elongated neck is attached to it. The next step is to attach the head and hands, after which it is time to dress the young lady in a beautiful scarf, put a hat on her head and place a pet or child in her hands.

Male figures are molded a little differently. The torso and heads are attached to the legs, which are two thick sausages, by bending the lower parts of which the legs are obtained. Headwear and hair are also different from women's images.

The body of the animal resembles a cone in structure, to the sharp part of which the head and neck are attached. The limbs are usually large, slightly tapering downwards. The tail with horns is attached to the body last.

An interesting point is that all Dymkovo toys are made expanding downwards. For example, ladies always have magnificent dresses, gentlemen most often sit on a horse, and animals have short legs. This is because the fragile bottom may not be able to support the weight of the entire toy after the drying process.

Drying and firing Dymkovo toys

After the end of the molding process, the toy is dried, followed by firing. The duration of drying depends on the size of the figurine and the climate inside the room. Humidity, temperature and other indicators must be taken into account. Depending on these values, the drying process takes from 3 days to 3 weeks.

After drying, the moment of firing comes. Previously, toys were fired in a rustic oven. They were placed on a metal baking sheet and placed directly on the firewood. After the toy was heated, it was cooled in the same oven. Currently, modern ovens are used, which save time and make the process of calcining toys safer.

Whitewashing (whitening) of a Dymkovo toy

After drying and firing, the Dymkovo toy acquires a red-brown color, therefore, before applying the patterns, it is bleached. To do this, the figurine is covered with a special solution consisting of chalk powder and milk. After the milk turns sour, the solution becomes solid and an even white layer is created on the surface of the toy. Whitening the figures allows not only to make their surface more even, but also to give the applied paints a special lively brightness.

Despite numerous attempts to change the composition of the solution, they were unsuccessful. As a result, the figures turned out yellowish or the surface looked uneven. Therefore, now, as well as many centuries ago, the whitewashing of the Dymkovo toy is made with exactly the above composition.

Features of painting a Dymkovo toy

In order to give a unique image to the Dymkovo toy, he uses a combination of bright, contrasting colors and geometric shapes. Thanks to this, the figurines acquire a festive coloring.

Initially, tempera paints diluted with vinegar, kvass or ground on an egg were used for painting. Most often, eight colors were applied. The painting was done with the help of sticks with rags wound around them, and sticks were used to draw eyes and eyebrows. Currently, special paints for ceramics, acrylic paints ground on an egg, or gouache paints are used. They are applied to the toy with ferret or kolinsky brushes.

The classic painting of Dymkovo toys consists of a combination of large geometric patterns and smooth-colored parts. When applied, contrasting colors are used, interspersed with white and black, as well as small sheets of gold leaf. All this allows you to create a unique color scheme and emphasize the richness of shades. The most vividly painted figures of animals and the ornament of skirts. Squares of gold leaf were applied to military epaulettes, ladies' hats, and turkey tails. Most often, when painting toys, colors such as blue, green, red, crimson, orange, blue, emerald green, brown, black were used.

A feature of the drawing was and is its sequence. At first they drew hair, eyes and eyebrows, then they painted the headdress and skirt. To give the pattern extra shine, pieces of gold leaf were glued in some places.

The pattern itself is a diverse combination of geometric shapes and color schemes of various shapes, which give a special flavor to the Dymkovo toy and help create a huge variety of compositions. The most commonly used geometric shapes are: circles, stripes, rings, snakes.

It was important to start painting with light shades, to which a darker color was added. A real master should have known what the primary colors symbolized. For example, green is a symbol of nature, arable land and earth, red is beauty, health, fire, white is kindness, truth, honesty, black is grief, evil, and blue is the color of the sky.

When applying patterns, they first of all sought to apply those that symbolized truth, beauty, and healthy life. Such toys became a kind of amulet.

For each figurine, there were certain painting techniques. The most brightly painted roosters, turkeys, riders, ducks, goats. The pattern was often not only original, but also fantastic. Somewhat less often, figurines of rams, pigs and cows were created.

Small squares of gold leaf served as an additional decoration of the pattern. Its use was a characteristic and distinctive feature of the Dymkovo toy. Squares cut out of gold leaf leaves were applied to the toy with a brush dipped in egg white and straightened with a dry brush.

Are there now masters of the Dymkovo toy?

The traditions of creating Dymkovo toys are still alive. This process never became automated and serial. The figurines are still painted by hand, according to the rules that existed 400 years ago, when this folk craft first appeared. However, not all young masters have the patience to go through the learning process to the end, but those who comprehend it completely become real professionals. They create bewitching images of the Dymkovo toy with their own hands, each of which is individual and unique.

The creation of a Dymkovo toy was and remains a women's profession. A flight of fancy and knowledge of ancient traditions and customs helps fair sex create incredible images and convey them with a whole range of rich colors.

Thanks to the Dymkovo toy, which has existed for over 400 years, the rich history of the Russian people and its cultural heritage continues. These bright and unusual figurines are not easy to please the eye and cheer up, they immerse you in an exciting fairy tale, the unique and original plot of which each person invents for himself. And, although the Dymkovo toy has now lost its ritual meaning, it continues to be a symbol of the generosity of the soul, good spirits and boundless kindness of the Russian people.

In Rus', pottery originated in ancient times. At that time, our ancestors great importance devoted to ritual holidays. The "whistle dance" was no exception - a celebration honoring the sun god Yaril. On this day, the participants of the holiday exchanged painted clay balls and used clay whistles with might and main. This was the reason for the appearance of ritual accessories, among which the Dymkovo toy took pride of place.

The history of the fishery

The Dymkovo toy was "born" in Kirov. Five centuries ago, beyond the Vyatka River, there was a small settlement of Dymkovo, where Tsar Ivan III ordered to resettle residents from the northern regions of Russia. Among them there were many talented pottery masters who launched active activities in the production of toys in a new place. Entire families were involved in the work process: some mined clay and made mixtures from lump chalk; others sculpted toys; the third - they were burned; the fourth - whitewashed and painted.

For four hundred years the Dymkovo fishery has been developing. During this time, their themes, images, characteristic drawings have developed. There was no place for inexpressive ornaments or dull shades. Dymkovo toy is the embodiment of life in the most joyful colors. It is not surprising that by the beginning of the 19th century whistles from Dymkovo won the love of the inhabitants of all Russia. More than 100 thousand toys were produced per year, which were sold in the capital and the Orenburg province. 59 families from Dymkovo worked on their creation. Among the most famous names were Koshkins, Nikulins.

(Mezrina Anna Afanasievna - a craftswoman of the Dymkovo toy)

At the beginning of the 20th century, "black times" came for the Dymkovo toy. They ceased to enjoy their former popularity, so the famous families of pottery artisans began to look for other ways to earn money. Exclusive whistles began to be replaced by cheap plaster options. Only one craftswoman, Anna Mezrina, remained true to traditional clay production. It is to her that descendants can be grateful for the preservation of the Dymkovo fishery.

(Master E. A. Koshkina and artist A. Denshin)

The artist Alexei Denshin also played an equally important role in continuing the traditions of his ancestors. From a young age, he was fond of the Dymkovo toy, carefully sketching all the known ornaments. Even after October revolution did not lose hope to draw attention to folk art: he released handwritten albums, collected collections of toys. His efforts were crowned with success: in the 30s of the 20th century, the Dymkovo craft began to revive in Kirov.

Types of Dymkovo toys

Traditional images of Dymkovo toys are a lady, pets, a turkey. All of them are made in bright colors, calling to show the joy of life. Collectors appreciate figurines, with which you can create certain plot compositions.

Dymkovo toy, despite its canonicity, is exclusive. The fact is that each craftswoman tries to bring her author's developments to the product. Therefore, it is impossible to find two absolutely identical toys.

Among the most popular images that are “played out” in the Dymkovo toy are the following:

Turkey- colorful, like a peacock, with a characteristic beard, decorated with gold leaf. Sizes can be different: from tiny 5 cm to impressive 40 cm;

Lady- this is an exquisite city lady, and a traditional young lady in a kokoshnik. There may be children around. Gold potal also decorates individual details;

Lamb- figurines of this animal can be with different sizes of horns. A distinctive feature is their gilding. Lambs are ordinary or in smart amusing clothes;

horse- the traditional image of the animal in bright blue tones or "in the bull's-eye".

Male images in the Dymkovo toy are played up most often in the form of a rider on a horse, a walking city or village "cavalier". Figurines of pigs, birds, bells are popular.

Manufacturing technology

The process of creating a Dymkovo toy consists of two stages: the formation of a figure and its coloring.

Clay and river sand are used to create the figurine. According to the rules, it should be Vyatka red clay. Each part of the toy is created separately: a body is formed from a spherical lump of clay, on which the rest of the parts are “assembled” (legs, handles, head, accessories, etc.). All parts must be fastened with smooth transitions. This helps to avoid chipping in the future.

The finished image is dried in the open air for several days. Then it is burned on fire. Previously, a Russian stove was used for this. Today - muffle, where the temperature reaches 1000C.

When the blank cools down, it is bleached with tempera paints. Our ancestors used milk for this purpose.

At the next stage of creating a toy - coloring, only pure colors are used without mixing. In the old days, natural dyes based on eggs, milk, soot, vinegar, tempera were taken for this. Today there are ready-made acrylic paints. The main requirement: brightness and naturalness. Be sure to use gold leaf for individual details.

Painting Dymkovo toy

Dymkovo toy is a symbol of joy, vitality. The ornaments that are depicted on it are a smooth painting combined with geometric patterns. The colors are chosen according to the principle of contrast and advantageous underlining each other. The tails of birds, the horns of animals, the details of people's wardrobe are covered with copper sweat (in the old days, thin sheets of gold leaf were taken for this).

Traditional colors of the Dymkovo toy: blue, red, yellow, emerald green, blue, green, orange. White and black paint are used in a minimal amount to emphasize certain areas.

Each color that is involved in the Dymkovo toy has its own meaning: white - symbolizes purity; black is a lie; green - nature; red - strength, health; blue is the sky.

(Sketch by artist Alexey Denshin for a toy)

Old masters diluted paints on egg yolk. The recipes were kept secret. The coloring was carried out in a strict sequence:

• hair;
• eyes and eyebrows;
• mouth and cheeks;
• headdress;
• ornaments on clothes.

The patterns in the Dymkovo toy are closely connected with amulets, symbols of nature. There are solar and lunar signs as a symbol of the origin of life; rhombuses - as a sign of fertility; waves - as a sign of the sky and moisture.

The final touch in the painting was the application of gold leaf.

Today, the Dymkovo toy continues its development. New technologies appear, fresh ideas are born. But the traditions of production remain unchanged.

Development fine motor skills, logic, attentiveness and perseverance in a child must be dealt with from an early age. Proven teaching methods include drawing or coloring outlines of shapes. Parents, in order to captivate their baby, use various patterns for drawing.

Dymkovo toys will be the most suitable for this purpose. Despite their apparent simplicity, they have small details, for the painting of which the child will need to make a lot of effort.

Dymkovo toys are created in several stages. They cannot be made without special skills, so the process of making such crafts by children is usually controlled by professional craftsmen.

On the way to getting a quality result, the toy must first be molded, then dried thoroughly, burned, whitewashed and beautifully painted. Skipping one of these steps may result in the figurine being too fragile or not working at all.

Dymkovo toys are molded by hand. Despite the existence of uniform templates for drawing, in reality, not a single craft is similar to its counterparts, precisely because of the individual approach to their creation.

The sequence of creating a toy:

Easy coloring pages of Dymkovo patterns for little kids

Dymkovo toys (drawing templates, in particular) should be chosen based on the age of the child who will work with them.

The development of children will be beneficially affected by the painting of large components of the drawing, using the most saturated colors.

Among the most popular options for such pictures:

Drawing for coloring
	Horse. The task for the kid will be to color the horse the way he thinks it will be as beautiful as possible. Typically, children are encouraged to use red, white, orange and yellow pencils. This set of colors, as a rule, is sufficient not only for their individual use, but also for the creation of new shades. On this version of the coloring, the child, if desired, can draw the muzzle of the animal, or can simply give the picture brightness, without adding patterns to it.
	Matryoshka. Coloring this drawing with the image of a nesting doll is best combined with telling the kid the history of the origin of the original Russian toy. It will also be interesting for the child to learn the principle of playing with such a wooden doll. Pencils of red, black, white and yellow are usually used to give brightness to this sketch.
	Lady. The process of coloring the lady will also be an exciting activity for the kids. Despite the outward simplicity of the drawing, giving it color requires thinking through the shades used in the work. To complicate the task, the child can be given the goal of coloring the outlines of a woman so that the items of her clothes are combined with each other, and not merged. To this end, it is recommended to offer him to choose a shade for work among an unlimited number of pencils. Experience shows that children most often choose red, yellow, green, blue, black and white.

Complex coloring pages with a lot of small elements

Dymkovo toys (templates for drawing as well as drawings for coloring are freely available on the Web), due to the variety of their options, they can also be used with older children.

For students attending grades 3-5, it will be interesting to paint more complex patterns with a lot of small details.

Sketch for coloring	Description of the drawing and the principle of working with it
	"Walk". This picture for coloring is a complete artistic composition. It depicts a man and a woman in a boat on a river. The task facing the child is to make colored not only the costumes of people, consisting of small details, but also the objects surrounding them. These include the heavenly bodies, the pattern on the ship, and the waves. The main colors with which the student will have to work are red, blue, white, black and their derivatives.
	"The Bears". This sketch shows a family of bears. Animals are depicted in human form: they wear clothes and jewelry. The complexity of coloring this drawing is the presence a large number small details of the clothes of the characters. To complicate the task, you can offer the child to make the picture as realistic as possible (paint the bears in the appropriate colors, as in life, and their clothes in the shades most often found in adult wardrobe items). Usually children work with such an image using blue, red, black, yellow, brown and white colors.
	"Rider". This is one of the most popular coloring pictures used by educators when working with them. It depicts a boy on horseback. In this case, the child will need to carefully paint the smallest details of the image of a young man, as well as reproduce the color of the animal and surrounding objects. It is recommended to work with brown, black, red, blue, yellow, orange, blue and green.

Dymkovo toy Lady

Dymkovo toys (drawing templates will help children master artistic skills) in adults are associated with the figure of a lady. A drawing template depicting a woman in a beautiful outfit will teach the child to draw details that create a realistic face of a person and details of his clothes.

The lady may look different:

It is worth choosing the most suitable option, based on the experience and age of the children who will work with the template. At the initial stage, it is optimal to let the child complete the simplest image of a woman without unnecessary details.

For example:

Dymkovo toys

Roosters

Roosters drawn in the style of a Dymkovo toy can also look different. On some templates, they are depicted in full growth, on others - only the upper body.

The traditional version looks like this:

duck

Horse

The traditional template for drawing a horse in the style of a Dymkovo toy suggests the presence of the outlines of an animal, sometimes with an already traced muzzle. The purpose of the work of the young artist is to decorate the existing image, subject to the maximum consistency of style. If desired, the child can finish the surrounding objects or create a complete composition, for example, depict a rider or another horse next to an existing one. It is recommended to use brown, black, red, green and yellow colors.

Goat

Deer

Turkey

The traditional version of the Dymkovo turkey sketch is one of the most favorite tasks for middle school children. For children, the interest in working with such a template lies in the existing large field for creativity and imagination. In this case, they don't just have to paint small details on the body of the bird or add surrounding objects. Here their task is, including coloring the tail of a turkey in any way they like. color scheme. Usually, for this purpose, children choose red, green, yellow, orange colors and their derivatives.

Classes using drawing templates, in particular Dymkovo toys, not only develop creative (artistic) skills in the child, but also stimulate his attention to detail and painstaking work in completing tasks.

Knowing which blanks to use, as well as exactly how to work with them, it will be possible for a parent to properly organize a lesson with a child even at home.

Article formatting: Svetlana Ovsyanikova

Video on the topic: Dymkovo toys

Dymkovo clay toy "Bird":