Rules of conduct during the uraza. conditions for complete ablution. Fasting times in Islam

To whom is fasting prescribed?

Fasting is prescribed for a person who considers himself a Muslim, is reasonable, mature and knows that the time of fasting is coming. A person who is on the road and the patient is not required to fast. He can make up for it later, on other days.

When can you stop posting?

1. Illness. If fasting causes suspension of treatment or aggravation of the disease;

2. A path whose distance is more than 89 kilometers. A person becomes a traveler from the moment of departure from the settlement in which he lived. If a person began to fast and had to go on a journey during the day, then it is strictly forbidden for him to break the fast on this day. A traveler is allowed to fast during the journey if he is confident in himself and this does not bring him any inconvenience. This is indicated by the verse of the Koran: “And who among you is sick or is on the road that number of other days” - Surah “Cow”, 184 verses;

3. Pregnancy and breastfeeding, if there is a threat to the health of the child. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Indeed, Allah Almighty removed the fast from the traveler and shortened the prayer, He also removed the obligation of fasting from pregnant and lactating women” - narrated by Imam Ahmad, “Ashab Sunnan” book Naylul-Avtar 4 \ 230 ;

4. Weakness due to old age, incurable disease, disability. All scholars are unanimous in this statute. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said about the words of Allah, “And on those who can do it, - ransom by feeding the poor (that is, fidia” - Surah “Cow” 184 verses: “These verses concern old weak people who cannot in return for breaking their fast, they must feed one poor person for each missed day (i.e., give fidiya) This hadeeth is reported by al-Bukhari;

5. Coercion that does not depend on the person himself.

What actions break the fast?

1. Deliberate eating during fasting;

2. Intentional sexual intercourse during fasting. When a Bedouin had sexual intercourse with his wife, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered him to free the slave, and if not, then fast for 60 days continuously, and if he could not feed 60 poor people. Hadith reported by all Muhaddiths, Naylul Avtar 4\214.

If you took food during the osta due to forgetfulness?

If the fasting person took food out of forgetfulness, then his fast is not violated. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Whoever eats or drinks during fasting due to forgetfulness, then let him not break the fast - indeed, Allah fed him and gave him drink.” Hadeeth reported by al-Bukhari no. 1831 and Muslim no. 1155.

What breaking actions in the fast require replenishment only day by day?

There are more than 75 (seventy-five) such violations, but they can be ordered in three rules:

1. Swallow something that is not food or medicine, such as a button;

2. Taking food or medicine according to the above provisions, allowing breaking the fast, as, for example, in case of illness. Erroneous swallowing of water during ablution, making a mistake in the time of breaking the fast (eating, thinking that the sun has set, but it is not), deliberate vomiting;

3. Incomplete sexual intercourse (when the two sexual organs did not touch each other) such as the release of sperm when touching the wife.

There is strength to fast, but there is an opportunity not to fast, what to do?

This question will be legitimate on the part of a traveler, a woman during menstruation or postpartum bleeding. Nowadays, traveling somewhere is not as burdensome as it used to be. Therefore, if the traveler feels that he is able to fast, it is better to fast, although de jure the traveler has the right not to fast even if he has the strength.

A woman during menstruation cannot fast - it is forbidden. Although there are methods to delay the onset of menstruation by taking pills. This option is possible, although it is worth leaving everything as it is, because in this case, without even fasting, the woman fulfills the command of the Almighty, for which she will receive a reward.

A woman can hold an uraza during pregnancy. But if the uraza causes malaise, impotence or malnutrition to the child, and also the nursing woman has a fear of losing milk or strength, then in this case it is rare for them not to fast. Anas ibn Malik al-Kaibi said: “Indeed, Allah delivered travelers from the burden of fasting and half of the prayer, and pregnant and breastfeeding women from the burden of fasting” - narrated by Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawood, at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasai and Ibn Maja . But they must make up the fast after the birth of the child, as well as his feeding, day after day of the missed fast. It should also be noted that it is not necessary to follow the sequence in completing the post. This is evidenced by the words of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him: “You can not take into account the sequence in making up the fast, as Allah Almighty says in the Qur'an: “And if someone is sick or is on the road, then let him fast the same number of days at another time” (that is, Allah did not indicate that it is necessary to fast all the days in a row according to the number of days missed for the indicated reasons. Breaks are possible. You can first fast one day, and a week later - another missed day of the month of Ramadan).

Does smoking break the mind?

Smoking, firstly, is prohibited in Islam and, secondly, it undoubtedly violates fasting, since fasting is based on protecting a person’s nasopharynx from getting anything there. Therefore, if a person deliberately “swallows even a button, then his fast is violated. A Muslim during fasting must leave his lust (in this case, smoking) for the sake of Allah.

If a Muslim wakes up in a state of defilement (junub), then is he allowed to fast?

The state of defilement does not break the fast (unless it is menstrual and postpartum discharge). Therefore, it is possible to carry out ghusl (full ablution) at any time, but it must be borne in mind that it is undesirable to walk in a defiled state, and in order to read the Koran and prayer, it is necessary to perform a complete ablution. In Sahih ibn Khuzayma, Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, says: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, if he intended to sleep or eat, then he would definitely perform taharat (ablution). The meaning of this hadith is also in Sahih al-Bukhari, hadith 277.

What to do if menstruation began during the uraza, or if menstruation ended in the middle of the day?

If menstruation begins during fasting, then fasting is considered broken. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said; “Shouldn’t she not fast and not pray during menstruation” - is given in the book “Sahih Bukhari” hadith 304.

But because she began the day with the intention of fasting, she should not eat before sunset. She is obliged to interrupt the fast during the period of menstruation and postpartum flows and make up for it on "clean" days. A woman who stops her period in the middle of the day belongs to the category of those people who are obliged to fast, therefore, as a sign of respect for the month of Ramadan, it is advisable for her not to eat before sunset.

Prepared specifically for Info-Islam

How is Islam different from other religions? Fasting Ramadan for Muslims is the most sacred time of the year. They refrain from all pleasures in order to test the power of will over carnal desires, to repent of sins, to overcome pride in the name of the forgiveness of the Almighty. What is the correct way to fast in Islam? This will be discussed in the article.

General information

During the Islamic fast - uraza, fasting during the day should not take any food. They are not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages, to have intimate relationships. Currently there are bans on smoking cigarettes and chewing gum (which, as you know, did not exist in the time of the prophet). And drinking alcohol in Islam is prohibited not only in the holy month of Ramadan, but, in general, throughout the year. Moreover, their sale is unacceptable. Unlike Christianity, fasting in Islam allows the adoption of any food: both meat and fried. At the same time, it is limited in time. It is permissible to eat only at night. It must be taken into account that Islam does not allow eating the meat of certain animals. For example, pork is a big ban.

Not only sacred to Muslims - fasting time. Islam divides it into two types. The first post is required. It must be observed in the holy month of Ramadan (the ninth in the Second is recommended. In Islam, the calendar is not the same as the Gregorian. It is shorter by 11 days. And that is why every year the month of Ramadan comes ten days earlier. And such days of fasting in Islam: every Monday and Thursday; 9th, 10th, 11th of Muharram; first six days of Shawwal In addition to refraining from food and carnal pleasures, fasting people are required to pray (prayer). Meals should be taken before (Fajr ) and after the evening (Maghrib).It is generally accepted that in this month the Almighty (Allah) is more favorable to prayers and increases the significance of good deeds.

Unlike in Islam - not sad, but festive. For devout Muslims it is the greatest holiday. They prepare for it in advance: they buy food and gifts, since the Almighty forgives sins and answers the prayers of not only those who fast, but also those who help those in need, and simply do charity work. After all, even the most disadvantaged should take food with the onset of the dark time of the day, participate in the holiday. Therefore, at the end of sacred time, it is customary to collect money (zakat) for the poor. In addition to charitable deeds, you need to try not to deceive anyone. Otherwise, it is generally accepted that the Almighty will not accept either fasting or prayers.

fasting time

Islam, as the reader already knows, calls all Muslims to fast during the holy month of Ramadan. What date his offensive will fall on depends on the lunar calendar. For every year it falls on a new date. During Uraza, it is customary to get up even before the morning prayer in order to eat breakfast. This procedure of eating before sunrise is called suhoor. The holy prophet ordered the faithful not to neglect him, because he would give much strength for accomplishment. Therefore, waking up an hour earlier should not be any difficulty for believers. And it is recommended to complete the suhoor before the completion of the morning prayer - fajra, so as not to be late for the time of fasting.

Throughout the day, until dusk, the fasting person is obliged to spend in complete restriction, without food and water. He is obliged to interrupt it before the evening prayer. You need to open iftar with a sip of fresh water and a date. It is recommended to break the fast on time, without putting it off for later. After taking water and dates, you do not need to immediately eat. First you need to make and only then you are allowed to start dinner - iftar. It is forbidden to eat to satiety and overeat. You need to take just enough to satisfy the feeling of hunger. Otherwise, the post will lose its meaning. And he, as you know, is needed for the education of bodily lust.

Actions that deplete the body

What breaks fasting in Islam? These actions are of two kinds: that which empties a person, and that which fills him. The first are those during which certain fluids leave the body. As you know, this can be intentional vomiting (if it was not intentional, fasting is not considered violated) or bloodletting. Just as mentioned above, it is forbidden to have intimate relationships. And as you know, during this process, both men and women release sexual genetic material. Because the action is intentional, it is a violation.

In general, even without the release of genetic material, intimate contact breaks the fast. Even if it happens between legal spouses. If the release occurred without intimate contact, but intentionally (masturbation), then this is also a violation, since in Islam such an action is considered a sin. However, if a man deliberately decided to do this, but there was no release of sexual fluid, then the fast is not considered violated. It is also not a violation of unintentional release in both men and women.

In Islam, this violation is the most serious. If a person has repented, then he can atone for his guilt in two ways: either free the slave (in the civilized world this is difficult and actually inaccessible), or fast for the next two months. Even if, without good reason, he violates or interrupts the restriction that he maintains on the occasion of repentance for adultery, he must begin anew a two-month abstinence.

Hugging and kissing while fasting is allowed. But these actions should not lead to sexual arousal, so that something that breaks the fast does not happen. If the spouses know how to control themselves, then they can calmly kiss each other. If there is no confidence in yourself or in your soul mates, then you need to give up hugs. Sometimes it happens that the release of genetic material occurred in a dream. And as you know, a person does not control his actions at this time. Therefore, the post is not broken. In this case, there is no need to reimburse him. And sodomy and bestiality in Islam are always grave sins, and not only in the month of Ramadan.

Bloodletting during fasting

Donating blood is also illegal. It is believed that in this way a person becomes weaker. Feeling unwell while fasting is unacceptable. This means that a person should not become a donor. Even in case of emergency, it is a violation. However, the fasting person can make up for it on another day. If the blood went unintentionally, then the restriction is not violated. It also does not apply to him and donating blood for analysis. Indeed, in this case, little liquid is surrendered, so the person does not experience weakness. In addition, fasting during the menstrual cycle (also bloodletting in its own way) is not allowed. As you know, the fair sex during this period experience weakness and soreness. And, as stated above, fasting is unacceptable at such a time.

Nausea while fasting

If a fasting person has stomach problems, then it is not necessary for him to control vomiting, fearing that this may break the fast. When a Muslim deliberately called her, then for this action there will be no punishment. If the fasting person involuntarily emptied the stomach from its contents, this will not affect the observance of the fast. So, it is not necessary to restrain the urge to vomit. But calling them is deliberately forbidden.

Actions that fill the body

Filling activities include those in which human body fills up. This is food and drink. And as you know, they are unacceptable during daylight hours. In addition to them, taking medications, infusion of blood, injections are also considered violations. If the medicines are taken as a rinse and not swallowed, then this is acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to drink pills and other medicines in the dark. Also, the fast is not considered broken if the blood is re-infused after it has been cleansed and saturated with the necessary nutrients. In addition, eye and ear drops or enemas are also not forbidden in uraza. Even the extraction of teeth is acceptable, despite the probable discharge of blood from the wounds. If a fasting person uses (including asthmatics), then fasting is also not violated. Because air is not food and drink, but a gas that enters the lungs.

Any Muslim who has deliberately eaten or drunk has committed a major sin. Therefore, he is obliged to repent, to compensate for the violation on another day. A double sin is the acceptance of what Islam forbids on any day, and not just in fasting - alcohol and pork. If a person simply forgot about the restriction (and this is often observed in the first days of the Uraza), then the fast is not considered violated. It is not necessary to reimburse it. A person should thank the Almighty for sending him food (and there are many starving people in the world). If a Muslim sees that someone else is reaching for food, he is obliged to stop him and remind him of fasting. Swallowing saliva or leftover food stuck between the teeth is also not a violation.

What actions do not break the fast?

How to fast in Islam? What actions will not break it? In addition to the cases mentioned above, they include the following manipulations: applying antimony to the eyes (as is known, this is true for Muslim women); brushing your teeth with a special brush (miswak) or a regular brush without paste. The use of the latter is not prohibited. The main thing is not to swallow the remedy, even partially. Other hygiene procedures are also allowed: rinsing the nose, mouth, taking a shower. Swimming is also allowed, but on condition that a person does not dive with his head, as this can lead to water entering the body.

Also, a Muslim who involuntarily swallowed tobacco smoke or dust does not break the fast. Inhalation of aromas is also allowed (even intentionally). If women (and sometimes men) prepare food, then tasting them is acceptable. But it is forbidden to swallow it. Treatment of wounds with ointments, iodine, brilliant green solution is permissible. Women can have their hair cut and dyed. The same applies to men. In addition, the fair sex is allowed to use cosmetics. But many during Ramadan refuse it.

Smoking while fasting

Smoking during Uraza also breaks the fast. In general, this process is undesirable in Islam, because it harms the body and mind, devastates the wallet. And also due to uselessness. Therefore, intentionally swallowing tobacco smoke (as opposed to involuntary) breaks the fast. But many people who hold uraza do not enjoy cigarettes only during daylight hours. It is not right. Because smoking not only cigarettes, but also hookah is prohibited for the entire month of fasting in Islam. It often happens that after the end of Ramadan, many give up this addiction.

Fasting during pregnancy and lactation

How to fast during pregnancy in Islam? The expectant mother, if she feels well, there is no threat to either her or the child, is obliged to comply with the restrictions. If there is a possibility of a miscarriage, then fasting is optional. The same applies to breastfeeding mothers. Therefore, before the onset of holy fasting, the above women should consult a doctor. And pass the necessary tests.

If they are not recommended to observe the fast due to a difficult pregnancy or for other reasons, then they are obliged to compensate for the fast at another time. Preferably before next Ramadan. In addition, such a young lady needs to give alms to the needy (both money and food). However, if a woman cannot make up the fast because she is carrying the baby again under her heart or continues to feed, then it is quite enough for her to help the poor.

Fasting pregnant in Islam is not too strict. It is not necessary to observe it for all thirty days in a row. Violations are allowed every second day. Sometimes you can take a break for a week. The main thing is to keep thirty days in total. Since fasting days in winter are much shorter than summer days (in the cold season it dawns late and gets dark early), young mothers are allowed to make up the fast on these days, even if Ramadan was in the summer.

Fasting during critical days

Can you fast during your period? Islam forbids a devout Muslim woman not only to observe restrictions, but also to perform namaz. If a woman does not do this on critical days, then there is no need to compensate. All this is due to the fact that these days the ladies are not clean. And as you know, the observance of the most important Islamic rituals is allowed only with the observance of complete hygiene.

If a woman holds a fast, and suddenly she begins to discharge, then it is considered violated. the girl will have to make up for it. But if it happened after dusk, then there was no violation. The next day, you need to refrain from restrictions until the end of the monthly cycle. In a word, fasting should be for the benefit of those who are fasting, and not to their detriment. And with a feeling of weakness of the body, you can get more negative from the uraza than positive moments.

Washing the nose and mouth is an obligatory action during wudu (small ablution) and ghusl (full ablution), regardless of whether a person is fasting or not. Rinsing the mouth (if water has not been swallowed) does not break the fast, and there is no disagreement among scholars on this point.

Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, asked the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, about a kiss for a fasting person, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “What do you think if you rinsed your mouth while fasting?” Umar replied: "There is no problem in that." The Prophet said: “Then why are you asking about a kiss?” (Ahmad, Abu Dawud, an-Nasai, etc.)

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Lakyit ibn Sabir: “Perform ablution properly, wash the places between your fingers and rinse your nose thoroughly, unless you are fasting.” Thus, a fasting person can wash his nose and mouth, but not thoroughly, so that the water does not reach his throat.

If a person was rinsing his mouth or nose during ablution, and water got into his throat by accident (that is, he did not intend to quench his thirst with it), and if he did the rinsing without excessive diligence, then his fast is authentic (al-Awzai, Ishaq, ash Shafi'i , Ibn Abbas).

Whoever rinses his mouth with excessive zeal (during wudu - more than three times) or excessively zealous in washing his nose, he commits an undesirable deed. The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "... and rinse your nose thoroughly, unless you are fasting."

The same applies to rinsing the mouth outside of wudu, if there was a need for it. Rinsing the mouth due to thirst is undesirable. And Ahmad, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about a fasting person who is thirsty and rinsed his mouth and then spat out the water. And he said, "I love it more that he sprinkles water on his chest."

If, when gargling out of thirst, water enters the throat or remains in the mouth to cool (and enters the throat), then this is an undesirable action, as well as excessive zeal when rinsing the mouth during ablution.

عن عائشة-رضي الله عنها- فقالت: كان رسول الله- صلى الله عليه وسلم- يصبح جنبا, ثم يغتسل ,ثم يغدو إلى المسجد, ورأسه يقطر, ثم يصوم ذلك اليوم».

It was narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: “Sometimes the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, woke up in the morning, in a state of defilement (junub 1). After that, he performed a full ablution and went to the mosque, while the water was still dripping from his head, and on this day he kept a fast ”2.
This hadith says that the prophet woke up when it was just beginning to get light, and it was no longer possible to eat. At the same time, he was in a defiled state, and in order to perform the morning prayer, he needed to perform a full ablution.

قال أبو بكر: قال الذي حدثني:» لقد رأيت رسول الله- صلى الله عليه وسلم- بالعرج يصب على رأسه الماء, وهو صائم من العطش أو من الحر».

Abu Bakr ibn Abdurrahman betrayed from one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, that he said: “I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, in Al-Araj 3 . He poured water on his head because of thirst or heat, while fasting” 4 .

Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “When Ibn Umar fasted, he wet his shirt and threw it on himself. Ash-Shaabi went to the steam bath during fasting, and Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said that there is nothing wrong with tasting food from a pot or trying something else. Al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “There is nothing wrong with rinsing your mouth and bathing for the purpose of cooling.” Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "If one of you fasts, then let him meet his fast with oil and comb." Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “I have an abzan that I dive into while fasting.” 5 Abzan is a Persian word for a small pool 6 .

Benefits and laws derived from these hadiths:

1 ) From this hadeeth, we see that a fasting person is not forbidden to bring down fever and thirst by pouring water on some parts of the body or the entire body. During fasting, any type of ablution is allowed; both desirable and obligatory, it is also allowed to bathe without any reason 7 .

2 ) A fasting person is allowed to dive into the water, but care must be taken that water does not penetrate inside, this violates fasting 8.

3 ) This hadeeth shows us that easing the difficulties of fasting is not weakness and impatience. There is no need to stay away from things that can make fasting easier.

4 ) This hadeeth indicates that man is a weak creature. He constantly needs the favors of Allah, which the Almighty bestowed on people and through which the servants of Allah can make their lives easier and endure many difficulties.

5 ) From the words of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, it becomes clear that the fasting person is allowed to enter the steam baths, use perfume, anoint his hair with oils and adorn himself in the proper way. The use of perfume does not spoil the fast, and is in no way forbidden.

6 ) A fasting person is not forbidden to swim in ponds or pools in order to cool the body heated by fasting, as well as for cleanliness or just for sports. All this does not violate the fast of a Muslim.

7 ) The one who prepares food is allowed to taste it with his tongue, if necessary. In this case, you can not swallow food. Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “I prefer that the fasting person does not taste the food, but if he does, then nothing is terrible.” 9 Also, the Standing Committee of Scholars issued a fatwa on the admissibility of this 10 .

1. Junub is a type of defilement that requires a complete washing of the body, from head to toe, this type of defilement occurs during sexual intercourse, wet dreams, and also after menstruation in women and after the end of postpartum hemorrhage. Without performing a full ablution, it is not allowed to start prayer, but this restriction does not apply to fasting, as can be seen from this hadith.
2. The hadith was brought by Ahmad (6\99), An-Nasai in the book "Al-Kubra" (2986-2987), Abu Yaal (4708),
   Al-Bazzar (1552), At-Tayalisi (1503), the isnad of this hadith is reliable, it is given in
   Al-Bukhari and Muslim, but in a different form.
3. Settlement a few days' journey from Medina.
4. The hadith was narrated by Abu Dawud (2365), Malik in the book "Muwatta" (1\294), from him Al-Shafi'i narrates in the book "Musnad" (1\157), also this hadith is narrated by Ahmad (3\475), Al- Hakim (1\598), this hadith was called authentic by ibn Abdulbarr in the book "At-Tamhid" (22\47), Al-Hafiz in the book "Taghlik-ut-Taghlik" (3\153), Al-Aini in the book " Umdat-ul-kari" (11 \ 11) and Al-Albani in the book "Sahihu Abi Daud" .
5. "Sahyh-ul-Bukhari" (2 \ 681). See Taghlik-ut-tughlik (3\151).
6. See the preface to Fath-ul-Bari (1/74) and Masharik-ul-anwar by Qada Iyad (1/12).
7. "Aun-ul-Maabud" (6 \ 352).
8. "Mirkot-ul-mafatih" (4 \ 441).
9. "Al-Mugni" (3 \ 19)
10. “Fatawa-llajnat-id-daima” number: 9845, the same fatwa was issued by Sheikh Al-Uthaymeen, see Arkan-ul-Islam (484).

Selected Hadiths about Ramadan.
Ibrahim Muhammad Al Hukail.
Translated by Abu Yasin Ruslan Malikov for the site "

Suhoor and Iftar times (the latter corresponds to Maghrib prayer times) for Russian cities for the current year are presented in a table available for download.

Fasting (uraza, ruza) is one of the pillars of Islam, so its observance is mandatory for Muslims.

Usually, a layman understands Muslim fasting as abstinence from eating and drinking during daylight hours. In fact, this concept is much broader: it includes a voluntary refusal not only from eating, but also from committing any sins committed by the eyes, hands and tongue, as well as from certain actions. Being in a state of holding an uraza, the believer must be clearly aware that he is doing this for the sake of his Creator, and not have any other intentions.

In Islamic doctrine, depending on the time of observance and significance, two types of fasting are distinguished: obligatory (fard) and desirable (sunnat).

The first is massively observed by Muslims during the Holy month of Ramadan, which has an incomparable blessing for people. In His Scripture, Allah guides us:

“In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was sent down - the right guidance for the people, clear evidence of the right guidance and discernment. Whoever of you finds this month must fast" (2:185)

A huge reward awaits Muslims who adhere to the Uraza in the blessed month, and severe punishment will certainly follow for leaving it without a good reason. The proof of this is the following statement Mercies of the worlds of Muhammad (s.g.v.): “Whoever fasts during Ramadan with faith and hope for the reward of the Almighty, his previous sins will be forgiven” (the hadith is cited by Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

However, the Lord made obligatory observance of the Uraza not for all people.

Who does not need to keep a post:

1. Non-Muslims

An important condition for observing the Uraza is the practice of Islam by a person. For others, posting is optional. At the same time, this does not mean that for the days spent without fasting during the months of Ramadan, every person, regardless of his religion, will not have to answer to the Almighty on the Day of the Great Judgment.

2. Minors

Uraza is imputed as mandatory for adults. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that from the Islamic point of view, adulthood is meant, which does not occur at the age of 18, as is customary in most countries of the world, but during puberty, which occurs differently for each person.

3. Mentally disabled

Mental capacity is listed among the conditions of obligatory fasting. In other words, a person who is not of sound mind has the right to refrain from observing this pillar of Islam.

4. Everyone who is on the road

Keeping an eye is not necessary for those people who are on the road, that is, travelers. It should be noted that, according to Sharia, travelers are considered to be people who have traveled more than 83 km from home and their journey lasts no more than 15 days.

5. Physically ill people

People who suffer from any disease that requires constant medication, or threatens with severe ailments and pains, up to a threat to life in case of observance of the uraza, are exempted from its need.

6. Pregnant

Women who are carrying a child and fear for the life of their future child have the right not to fast in the month of Ramadan.

7. Breastfeeding women

Women who are breastfeeding babies may not fast as well.

8. Women on the days of menstruation and bleeding caused by childbirth

In the menstrual period and during postpartum bleeding, women, according to Sharia, are in a position of ritual defilement, which is why non-observance of the uraza is allowed and, moreover, necessary. If pregnant and lactating women have the right to fast, then these days it is better for women to abstain.

9. People who are unconscious

Believers who remain in an unconscious state for a long time, for example, in a coma state, for obvious reasons, are also freed from uraza.

In situations where a person misses one or more days of fasting for the reasons listed above, he should make up for them later, when the reason that gives the right to not fast is eliminated, for example, when the traveler returns home or the person comes out of a coma. Believers who are not able to keep uraza during the year, for example, due to illness, should feed one needy for each of the missed days. If this is also difficult for a person in material terms, because he himself is among the needy, then he is completely freed from this obligation.

Desired post- this is one whose observance is desirable, but not imputed to Muslims as mandatory. The believer is rewarded for observing such a fast, but there is no sin for leaving him.

Days when it is desirable to keep uraza:

• Day of Araf- for fasting on this day, the Lord can forgive a person for the sins committed by him for 2 years. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) explained: “Fasting on the Day of Arafah serves as atonement for sins committed in the past and future years” (hadith from Ibn Maji and Nasai).

• Day of Ashura- For those who fast on the tenth day of the month of Muharram, all sins for the previous 12 months are erased. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) admonished his ummah: “Fasting serves as an atonement for the sins of the past year” (Muslim cites the hadith). However, Shiite theologians assure that it is undesirable to keep the uraza on this day, since on this date the grandson of the Final Prophet (S.G.V.) - Imam Hussein, who is especially revered by Shiite Muslims, was martyred.

• First 9 days of Zul Hijah- this can be found mentioned in the hadith: “Fasting in the first days of the month of Zul-Hijja is equivalent to one year of fasting” (Ibn Maja).

• Month of Muharram- Uraza in this forbidden month is considered Sunnat. After all, the Prophet Muhammad himself once said: “After Ramadan, the best month for fasting is the month of Allah - Muharram” (Muslim cites the hadith).

• Month of Shaaban- Another month during which it is desirable to fast. AT lunar calendar he goes before Ramadan. In the hadiths from Bukhari there is a mention that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) was zealous in observing Uraza in the month of Shaaban, except for some days.

• 6 days of Shawwal- also desirable for the post. Shawwal follows holy month Ramadan. “If someone completed the fast in Ramadan and added to it six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal, he will receive such a reward as if he had fasted all year” (hadith from Muslim).

• Uraza in a day, or the fast of the Prophet Daoud (a.s.), who held the fast every other day and which, as the Grace of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) said, “is the most beloved fast for Allah” (in accordance with the hadith from Muslim).

• 3 days in the middle of each month- The Prophet (S.G.V.) instructed: “If you want to fast in the middle of the month, then fast on the 13th, 14th and 15th days” (at-Tirmidhi).

• Every Monday and Thursday- it was during these days that the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) regularly observed uraza. “The deeds of the people are presented to Allah on Monday and Thursday,” he said. “And I want my deeds to be presented while I am fasting” (hadith quoted by at-Tirmidhi).

Fasting times in Islam

It is known that in Islam, fasting is observed during daylight hours. The countdown starts at dawn. In the Holy Book of Muslims you can find the verse:

“Eat and drink until you can tell the white thread at dawn from the black, and then fast until night” (2:187)

The fasting person should stop the morning meal (suhoor) before the time of Fajr prayer (usually 30 minutes).

Once one of the ascetics asked the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) about what time interval should be between suhoor and azan for morning prayer, to which he replied: “As much as is necessary to read fifty verses” (hadith from Bukhari and Muslim).

The end of the time of fasting (iftar) comes at sunset and coincides with the time of the evening prayer. In this case, after fasting, the believer should first break his fast, and then proceed to prayer.

At the end of the suhoor, the following dua is read (niyat):

نَوَيْتُ أَنْ أَصُومَ صَوْمَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ خَالِصًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى

Transcription:“Nahuatu an-assumma sauma shahri Ramadaan min al-fajri il al-maghribi haalisan lil Layakhi tya’aala”

Translation:“I have determined to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk sincerely for the sake of Allah.”

Immediately after breaking the fast - at iftar - they say dua:

اللَهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَلْت وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ اَفْطَرْتُ فَاغْفِرْلِى يَا غَفَّارُ مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَ مَأ اَخَّرْتُ

Transcription:“Allahumma lakaya sumtu wa bikya amantu wa alaikya tavakkaltu wa ‘ala rizkykya aftartu faqfirli ya gaffaru ma kaddyamtu wa ma akhhartu”

Translation:“O Allah! For Your sake, I kept a fast, I believed in You, and I only trust in You, I break my fast with what You sent me. Forgive me, O Forgiver of my sins, past and future!”

Actions that violate the mind

1. Deliberate receptionm of food and smoking

If a fasting person consciously ate or drank something, lit a cigarette, then his uraza that day will not be accepted. But if he ate something unintentionally, for example, out of forgetfulness, then in this case the person should stop eating or drinking as soon as he remembered his fast, and he can continue to keep the fast - such a fast will be considered valid.

2. Intimacy

After sexual intercourse, fasting is broken. Lip-to-lip kissing and ejaculation due to conscious stimulation (masturbation) have similar effects.

3. Instillation of medicine into the nose and ears

Uraza becomes invalid as soon as a person uses special drugs used for instillation into the nose and auditory canal if they enter the larynx. At the same time, injections that are made into a vein or muscle, as well as eye drops, do not break the fast.

4. Swallowing liquid when gargling

When fasting, care must be taken when gargling in medicinal purposes or just for wetting - getting water inside will invalidate your fast. Swimming in a pond and taking a bath in a state of uraza is permissible, but one should beware of the penetration of liquid through the sinuses, pharynx and ears.

5. Use of medical inhalers

During fasting, the use of inhalers should be avoided whenever possible.

6. Intentionally inducing vomiting

If the person holding the uraza intentionally caused vomiting, then his fast is considered violated. If vomiting did not occur by the will of the person, then the fast remains valid.

7. Menstruation

In a situation where a woman has a seizure during daylight hours, she should stop fasting. She will need to make up this day after the end of her period.

Benefits of fasting

This pillar of Islam has many virtues for the believers who follow it.

Firstly, uraza is able to lead a person into the Gardens of Eden, which can be confirmed in the biography of the Prophet (S.G.V.): “Truly, in Paradise there is a gate called “Ar-Rayyan”, through which the Day of Judgment will enter fasting. And no one will enter through this gate except them ”(hadith from Bukhari and Muslim).

Secondly, fasting will serve as an intercessor for a Muslim on the Day of Judgment: “Fasting and the Koran on the Day of Judgment will intercede for the servant of Allah” (hadith from Ahmad).

Thirdly, uraza entails, as was said earlier.

In addition, all the requests of a believer who fasts will be accepted by the Almighty. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “A dua is never rejected by a fasting person during breaking the fast” (Ibn Maja).