The five main pillars of Islam, on which the faith of devout Muslims is based. Muslim prayer against difficulties, needs and problems
Fards of prayer (mandatory actions, without which prayer is considered invalid):
1. Takbirul iftitah. This is the pronunciation of the formula of exalting Allah at the beginning of prayer (Allahu Akbar);
2. Qiyam. Standing during prayer;
3. Qiraat. Reading the Quran while standing;
4. Rukyu. A bow from the waist so that the hands are at the level of the knees;
5. Sajda. Earth bow. Touching the ground simultaneously with knees, hands, forehead;
6. Kaida. This is sitting at the end of the prayer during the time of reading “Attahiyat”.
Wajibs of prayer (necessary actions, the conscious failure of which makes the prayer invalid) .
1. Saying the words “Allahu Akbar” during the takbir “Iftitah” at the beginning of prayer;
2. Reading Surah Al-Fatiha in every rakah of any prayer;
3. In the first two rak'ahs of namaz-farza and in each rak'ah of al-witr and nafl prayers, read after the sura "Al-Fatiha" another sura or three short verses, or one long verse;
5. During Sujud, touch the floor with your forehead and nose at the same time;
6. Sitting after the second rak'ah in the 3rd and 4th rak'ah prayers (first sitting);
7. In the first and last sittings of the prayer, the reading of “Attahiyat”;
8. When collectively reading in each rak'ah of the morning, festive, al-jumah, at-tarawih prayers and al-witr prayer in the month of Ramadan, as well as in the first two rak'ahs of al-maghrib and al-ishaa prayers, the imam reads the surah Al-Fatiha ” and the following sura aloud. And prayers az-zuhr and al-asr are read by the imam in a whisper;
9. The silence of the people following the imam when he reads the sura “Al-Fatihi” and the subsequent sura;
10. Saying the takbir “Kunut” and reading the dua “Kunut” in namaz al-Vitr;
11. Saying additional takbirs in holiday prayers;
12. Full-fledged execution of rukn (taadili lasso), i.e. stand straight during qiyam, keep your back straight during rukyu (for a woman - slightly bending over). Stand straight after the rukyu. Sitting between two sujuds;
13. After prayer, perform as-salaam;
14. Perform sahiv sajda if mistakes were made in prayer:
- if fards or wajibs were performed late;
- if one of the wajibs was omitted due to forgetfulness. With a deliberate omission of wajibs, prayer must be re-read.
For an unconsciously unfulfilled wajib, it is required to perform a sahiv sajda (2 bows to the earth at the end of the prayer after the “Attahiyat”).
Sunnats of prayer (desirable actions, the failure to perform which does not violate prayer, but is a very important component of it):
1. Raise your hands during the takbir “Iftitah” (when entering into any prayer), also during the takbir “Kunut” in al-vitr prayer and during additional takbirs of holiday prayers. Men raise their hands so that the thumbs are at the level of the earlobes. And women - so that the tips of the fingers are at shoulder level;
4. In the first rak'ah after the dua "Subhanaka" say "A'uzu-Bismillah". And in subsequent rak'ahs until "Al-Fatiha" pronounce "Bismillah";
6. After reading the surah “Al-Fatiha” by the imam, those who pray after him say “Amen” to themselves;
7. Say takbir (say “Allahu Akbar”) when moving from one action hand to another;
8. Straightening up from the position of the rukyu, pronounce “Sami‘allahu liman hamidah”;
9. During the sujud, say “Subhana Rabbiya-l-a‘la”, during the rukyu, say “Subhana Rabbiiya-l-‘azym” 3 times;
10. During rukyu, keep your hands on your knees and fingers apart, women put their hands on their knees, while fingers are closed;
11. Do not bend your arms and knees while using your arm, and your back should be straight - for men. In women, the knees and back are slightly bent;
12. During sajda, it is preferable to first touch the floor with your knees, then with your hands, and then with your forehead; at the end, you should first tear your forehead off the floor, then your hands, and then, leaning your hands on your hips, stand up;
13. While sitting, put your hands on your knees;
14. Men sit on their left foot, and the right foot remains in the same position as for sajda, while its fingers are directed towards the Qibla. The women sit down with their legs tucked under them and pointing them to the right;
16. Perform salam, first turning the head to the right, then to the left;
1. During qiyam, look at the place where the prayer touches his forehead when performing sajd;
2. During the rukyu, look at the feet;
3. During the attahiyat, look at the hips;
4. Look at the nose during sujud;
5. During salam, look at the shoulders.
Undesirable actions in prayer - makruh:
1. Make various small movements with the body, arms, legs and head; put your hands on your belt;
2. Yawn, stretch;
3. Close your eyes, look around, at the sky or towards the Qibla;
4. Stand with rolled up sleeves (for men);
5. Squatting, in Turkish;
6. Pray face to face with a person or in front of a hot coal. Reading prayer in front of candles and lamps is not makrooh;
7. Wipe sweat or dust from the face, scratch and align the stones at the place of bow, but if they interfere with the reading of prayer, then such actions are permissible;
9. Perform prayer in a room where there is an image of an animated creature (front, right, left), and also do sajda on a rug with the image of this. The image of nature (landscape) is allowed;
10. Relying on something during prayer without emergency;
11. During sujud, touch the floor with your hands before kneeling down, and when getting up, get up from your knees before taking your hands off the floor (deviations are allowed due to ill health);
12. To perform prayer on the road, in dirty places, on graves, next to sewage, in other people's possessions without the permission of the owner;
15. Read in the second rak'ah a sura that precedes the one that was read in the first rak'ah in its presence in the Qur'an. For example, one should not read Surah Al-Fil in the second rakah after Surah Al-Fatihi, when Surah Al-Quraysh was read in the first;
17. Perform prayer in a coat or jacket draped over your shoulders;
18. Performing prayer in a state close to violating Wudu, for example, if there is a strong need to relieve the need;
19. If there is a place in the first row, stand in the second.
Actions, those who violate prayer:
1. Talk and laugh, even quietly, when laughter is heard by oneself (if laughter is heard by others, then not only prayer is violated, but also taharat - the ritual purity of the one who laughs);
2. Moaning, uttering interjections like "ah, oh", etc.;
3. Cry (however, crying caused by fear of Allah's punishment does not harm prayer);
4. Clear your throat to clear your throat unnecessarily;
5. Chew;
6. Pull out the hair three times during one hand;
7. Three times during one hand to scratch any part of the body, removing the hand from its intended place;
8. Move during one rak'ah for a distance of two or more rows;
9. Comb your hair or beard;
10. Perform the same prayer behind one imam, standing in the same row with a woman, if there is no empty space between them where one person could fit;
11. Turn away the face and body of the body from the Qibla for no reason;
12. Talk about the mistakes of others when performing namaz, except for the mistakes of the imam;
14. Deliberately greet and respond to a greeting (in case they greet, believing that the prayer is over, the prayer is not violated, but because of this mistake, it is necessary to perform sahiv sajda);
15. Keep open one-fourth of the awra (places to be covered) for a time during which you can say tasbih three times (if the awra is deliberately exposed, prayer is violated);
16. Hit the ground with both feet during sajda or three times with one foot on the ground At the same time lift both legs off the ground during sajda;
17. Your prayer will also be broken if you find yourself out of a state of ritual purity.
SMALL WUTHING
Farhs (mandatory minimum)
In case of extreme shortage of water, time or otherwise objective reasons can be limited to the following points.
1. Washing the face once;
2. Washing hands up to and including the elbow once;
3. Rubbing the hair of the head with wet hands (at least 1/4 of the hair is farzed);
4. Washing the feet up to and including the ankles once;
1. As in the performance of any other charitable deed, it is advisable for a believer to say “bismil-lyahi rrahmani rrahim” (“in the name of God, whose mercy is boundless and eternal”), thereby asking for God's blessing and help;
2. Have a secret intention in the heart to perform ablution;
3. Wash hands three times up to and including the wrists, remembering to rinse between the fingers. If there is a ring or ring, they should be removed or try to ensure that the areas under them are washed;
4. Brush your teeth with a miswak or brush and paste to remove food debris and odor;
5. Rinse your mouth three times, drawing water with your right hand;
6. Rinse your nose three times, drawing water with your right hand and blowing your nose with your left;
7. Rinse your face three times;
8. Wash your hands three times up to and including the elbows;
9. Wipe the entire scalp;
10. After wipe the inside and outside of the ears;
11. Wash your feet three times, starting with the little toe of the right foot and ending with the little toe of the left. Wash the right foot first, then the left;
12. Compliance with the sequence in performing ablution, especially between its farz (mandatory) components.
Makruh (undesirable activities)
1. Wasteful use of water, in particular when a tap with running water is unnecessarily opened to the maximum, at full pressure;
2. Groundless non-fulfillment of the sunnats of ablution;
3. Using someone else's help in the absence of the need for it;
4. Empty talk during ablution;
5. Performing ablution in a place where impurities (najas) are obvious.
COMPLETE BATHING
Farhs (required actions)
1. Wash the whole body once;
2. Rinse your mouth;
3. Rinse your nose.
If all fards are fulfilled, then full ablution is considered valid and you can perform the next prayer-prayer.
Sunnats (Desirable Actions)
1. Intention to be cleansed. The main thing is the presence of intention in the heart;
2. Saying "Bismillah" (I start with the name of Allah);
3. Washing hands;
4. Washing the genitals. Washing away impurities (najas);
5. Performing a small ablution (wudu’) at the beginning of a full one;
6. Washing the whole body three times;
7. Wash the body from top to bottom;
8. You need to start from the head, then wash the right shoulder, then the left and so on, from right to left;
9. Water saving.
Juma prayer
Islam establishes a weekly Friday collective prayer - Juma prayer, performed in the afternoon in the mosque. These prayers are strictly obligatory for Muslim men. Missing them three times in a row without a good reason is considered excommunication from Islam.
Friday prayers are not obligatory for women, but they can come to the mosque of their own free will. If household chores keep a woman at home, then she must pray on her own.
Friday collective prayer consists of a sermon on any issue of the faith or life of Muslims and the actual prayer. Imam informs Muslims about events last week that concern the community. Friday is a day of obligatory collective worship. Work and business transactions are permitted before and after the noon prayer.
After the sermon, two rak'ah prayers are supposed to be performed. Friday prayer, along with the conditions of ordinary prayer, has two groups of additional rules. These are wajib (conditions under which the performance of Friday prayer becomes obligatory) and sihhat (conditions ensuring the validity of Friday prayer).
The conditions under which the performance of Friday prayer becomes obligatory:
1. If the person praying is a man (not a woman or a hermaphrodite);
2. If the person praying is a free person (not a prisoner or a prisoner);
3. If the worshiper is a mukim (permanently living in this area, not a traveler);
4. If the worshiper is healthy (not sick to the extent that it was impossible to go to joint prayer);
5. If the person praying is sighted (not blind);
6. If the worshiper has healthy legs (not paralyzed);
7. If there are no other serious reasons that do not allow participation in Friday prayers. Such obstacles to participation in joint prayers can be: the threat of an enemy attack, heavy rain, mud, slush, etc.
Conditions without which the Friday prayer cannot be considered valid:
1. Conducting Friday prayers in cities and large settlements (including in villages where this is allowed);
2. Conducting Friday prayers by the ruler or his representatives (in an Islamic state);
3. Performing prayer during the usual midday prayer;
4. Performing a khutbah (sermon) in front of the jamaat (community of Muslims);
5. The presence of at least three people, except for the imam (according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, the presence of at least forty people is required);
6. Public accessibility of the place of Friday prayer.
Witr prayer
Namaz witr belongs to the category of wajib (mandatory, second in importance after farz) and consists of three rak'ahs (ritual actions prescribed for prayer). It is performed after the night prayer. During the performance of each rak'ah, the Fatiha and another sura are read.
Namaz "witr" is performed as follows. First, you need to mentally express the intention (niyat), saying to yourself: "I intend for the sake of Allah to perform namaz witr"; then you need to say takbir: "Allahu akbar" and get up to perform prayer. After the performance of two rak'ahs, only "Attahiyyat ..." should be read (as in the sunnat of the morning prayer). Then, saying "Allahu Akbar", you need to get up to perform the third rak'ah. It reads "Fatiha" and another sura. Next, you should lower your hands down, and, raising them to the level of your ears, say takbir.
Then, with his hands folded on his stomach, the worshiper should read the dua (prayer) "Kunut", lower his hands, say the takbir again and perform the hand. After performing two sojd (bows), one should sit in a relaxed position and read "Attahiyyat", "Salavat" and dua. In conclusion, you should say greetings (salama), turning your head first to the right and then to the left.
Kaza - completion of prayer
All mentally healthy Muslims and Muslim women who have reached the age of majority according to Sharia, along with other prescribed religious duties, must perform prayers in a timely manner, without gaps. Missing prayers should be treated very strictly. In the Holy Quran, Almighty Allah in fifty-five places orders every Muslim man and Muslim woman to perform prayer. Thirty-three places mention instructions on the obligation of prayer along with zakat.
In total, in the Holy Quran, prayer is strictly prescribed in more than one hundred verses. Such a repeated reminder of prayer indicates what a great dignity and blessing this pillar of Islam is considered to be. This also indicates how severe the punishment will be for those who do not perform prayer.
In one of the sacred hadiths, our Prophet (s.a.s.) indicates: "On the Day of Judgment, the servant of Allah will be first of all asked for performing or not performing prayer." In that holy hadith there is a hint that a person who is accountable for performing prayers will easily account for his other deeds, and what a miserable fate will befall those whose answer turns out to be negative.
If someone, instead of performing one rak'ah of prayer, gives millions of soms of sadaka (alms), or instead of two rak'ahs that he did not perform, the other performs a hundred rak'ahs for him - even then the prayer will remain with him as a duty, and he will in no other way except, as having performed prayer, he will not be able to get rid of him. Only the debtor can repay this debt. Therefore, if someone, due to an oversight or laziness, any prayer remains unfulfilled at the set time, then you must immediately perform it as a kaza - to compensate for the missed one. At the same time, for leaving prayer for qaza, one should repent (tauba) and ask Allah for forgiveness.
The debtor is obliged to keep an account of the prayers he did not perform and eliminate this debt by performing these prayers as a kaza. It starts with the last missed prayer. It is permissible to start from the earliest missed prayers, but it is still preferable from the last ones, because. For missed prayers already at a more respectable age, more severe punishments will follow.
Only fards and prayers of witr left on the kaza are reimbursed. This does not apply to sunnats.
Qaza prayers can be performed at any time of the day, with the exception of karahat times (this was mentioned when considering the time of prayer as one of the conditions for prayer). A debtor who performs a kaza-namaz can also perform the sunnats of five prayers, as well as tahajjud, auwabin, duha, tasbih prayers, as well as Hajjit prayers performed on sacred nights, and other nafl prayers. There are no restrictions on the performance of these prayers.
Observance of religious duties brings up a healthy and correct attitude to life in a person, strengthens self-confidence and the will to do truly noble and useful deeds both for one's soul and for society as a whole.
1. SHAHADA
Pronunciation of the testimony - La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad rasulullah.
It translates as - no B oh except Allah , and Muhammad His prophet and messenger .
“We sent you down [Muhammad] with the Truth as a bearer of glad tidings and a warning (a warning warner, a harbinger)” (Holy Quran, 2:119).
2. NAMAZ
Performing the five daily obligatory prayers .
“Praise the Lord [pray with a feeling of gratitude before Him] before sunrise [make morning prayer] and before sunset [afternoon prayer], praise Him in the hours of the night [reading the night prayer], at the beginning of the day [noon prayer] and at the end [performing the evening prayer-prayer] so that you can find true happiness ”(Holy Quran, 20:130).
3. FAST
Fasting once a year in the month of Ramadan.
This is abstaining from food, drink and sexual intercourse from the beginning of dawn until sunset, immediately after which all this becomes permissible. At the same time, one must responsibly treat the spiritual content of fasting - the temporary deprivation of oneself of certain benefits, thereby worshiping the Lord and fulfilling His commands.
“O believers! Fasting is just as obligatory for you as it was for those who came before you. Perhaps you will be God-fearing” (Holy Quran, 2:183).
“The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Qur'an was revealed as a guide for the people, a clarification of the straight path and discernment [to distinguish the true from the false]. Whoever of you finds this month, let him spend it fasting, and whoever is sick or on the way, let him observe [fasting] on other days. Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you difficulties, so that you can fully fast and glorify the Lord for leading you to the true path - maybe you will be grateful (be so)!” (Holy Quran, 2:185).
4. ZAKAT
The payment of obligatory alms.
Zakat is paid at a rate of 2.5 percent of a person's wealth, exceeding the amount of nisab. Nisab, equal to the value of 85 grams of gold, is minimum size condition on which zakat must be paid. Zakat is paid on gold, silver, cash, investments, business and rental income, as well as goods held for sale, stocks, securities and bonds.
“Noble is the one who gives from his [righteously acquired] property, loving it [earning with difficulty, collecting for certain personal needs, striving to increase wealth, inheritance: needy] relatives, orphans [helping them, first of all, in education, getting a good education and mastery of skills, that is, in acquiring worldly independence], to the poor, travelers, [rightfully in need] asking ... ”(Holy Quran, 2:177). “Spend in the name of God! [Know how to spend not only on your purely personal interests and needs, but also on the needs of others, doing it free of charge, never subsequently reminding them of this, without reproaching them]” (Holy Quran, 2:195).
5. Hajj
Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
And this is only necessary if there are financial possibilities.
“For the sake of the Lord God (for the sake of the Almighty), perform the Hajj and the small pilgrimage (‘Imrah) completed (completely) [performing all the necessary actions, and, having started, you should bring the ritual to the end]. If you find yourself limited [due to illness, any problems encountered along the way], then, as far as you can, sacrifice an animal (a lamb, for example) [by distributing meat to the poor] ”(Holy Quran, 2: 196).
The information is borrowed from the site www.umma.ru and other sources.
Namaz is one of the foundations of the religion of Islam. With its help, a connection is made between a person and the Almighty. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Know that the best of your deeds is prayer!”. Reading namaz five times a day helps a person each time to strengthen his faith, cleanse his soul from committed sins and protect himself from future sins. Another hadeeth says: “The first thing a person will be asked about on the Day of Judgment is about praying on time.”
Before each prayer, a true Muslim performs ablution and appears before his Creator. In the morning prayer, he exalts Allah, endlessly asserting His exclusive right to worship. The believer turns to the Creator for help and asks Him for a direct path. As proof of humility and fidelity, a person descends to the ground in a bow before the Almighty.
Prayers are performed on Arabic- the language of Revelation - 5 times a day:
- at dawn (Irtenge);
- in the middle of the day (Oile);
- in the evening (Ikende);
- at sunset (Ahsham);
- at dusk (Yastu).
This determines the rhythm of the day of a believing Muslim. To perform namaz, women and men must cleanse the soul and body, clothes and the place of prayer. Whenever possible, righteous Muslims should strive to pray in the mosque. If this is not possible, it is allowed to pray almost anywhere, for example, at a university or in an office.
Before the obligatory prayer, there is a call to it - Azan. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), in order to show that Azan is a manifestation of piety, said: “If the time for prayer has come, let one of you read the Azan to you.”
To read the prayer, the following conditions must be met:
- ritual purity. A person in a state of defilement must perform a ritual bath (full or partial, in accordance with the degree of defilement);
- clean place. Prayer should be performed only in a clean, undefiled place (free from najas - impurity);
- qibla. During prayer, the believer should stand in the direction of the Muslim shrine of the Kaaba;
- cloth. A Muslim must be dressed in absolutely clean clothes, not stained with impurities (for example, excrement of a person or animals, hair of unclean animals, like a pig or a dog). Also, clothes should cover the awra - places that a believer, according to Sharia, should close (for a man - part of the body from the navel to the knees, for a woman - the whole body, except for the face, hands and feet);
- intention. A person must have a sincere intention to perform a prayer (niyat);
- sobriety of mind. Alcohol, various psychotropic and narcotic drugs are absolutely forbidden in Islam (this is haram).
Also, unlike the Muslim prayer in Islam, there are prayers (in Arabic they call "dua", and in Tatar - "doga") - this is an opportunity to communicate with the Lord of the worlds. The Almighty knows everything obvious and hidden, therefore Allah hears any prayer, and it does not matter whether the Muslim prayer is said aloud or to oneself, on the surface of the moon or in a mine where coal is mined.
Dua to Allah should always be pronounced confidently, because we know: Allah created us and our difficulties, and He can change this world and easily solve any problem. And no matter in what language you address the Creator, let your soul whisper in the language in which it is easiest for you to express yourself.
In Islam, there are prayers for all occasions. Below are examples of Muslim duas, most of which are taken from the Koran and Sunnah, as well as from sheikhs and awliya (close people - friends of Allah). Among them are prayers for good luck. For example, against problems, troubles, misfortunes and grief, if danger threatens, etc.
Muslim prayer if you want to repent of sins
Allahumma ante rabbi, laya ilyayahe illaya ant, halyaktania wa ana 'abduk, va ana 'alaya 'ahdikya va va'dikya mastato'tu, a'uuzu bikya min sharri maa sona'tu, abuu'u lakya bi ni'matikya 'alaya wa abuu'ulakya bi zanbii, fagfirlii, fa innehu laya yagfiruz-zunuube illaya ant.
O Allah, You are my Lord! There is no God but You. You created me and I am Your servant. And I will try to justify the responsibility entrusted to me, to keep my word to the best of my ability and ability. I resort to You, moving away from all the evil that I have done. I acknowledge the blessings You have bestowed upon me, and I acknowledge my sin. I'm sorry! Truly, no one will forgive my mistakes except You. Note: By becoming a Muslim, a person assumes a certain responsibility and gives the Almighty a vow not to do the forbidden and to do what is obligatory.
First option: Bismillah!
Note: The Prophet Muhammad said: “Before you start eating, each of you should say: “Bismillah”. If he forgets about it at the beginning [of the meal], then let him say as soon as he remembers: “Bismil-lyahi fi avvalihi va aakhirihi” (With the name of the Almighty at the beginning and at the end [of the meal]).
Allahumma baarik lanaa fih, wa at’imnaa khairan minh.
O Supreme, make this a blessing for us and feed us that which is better than this.
Bismil-lyayah, tavakkaltu ‘alal-laakh, wa laya hawla wa la kuvwate illaya bill-lyah.
In the name of Allah Almighty! I trust only in Him. True power and strength belong only to Him.
Allahumma inni ‘auuzu bikya an adylla av udalla av azilla av uzalla av azlimya av uzlyama av ajhala av yujhala ‘alaya.
Oh Lord! Verily, I seek refuge in You, so as not to stray from the right path and not be led astray, so as not to err myself and be forced to err, so as not to do wrong myself and not be oppressed, so as not to be ignorant and so that in relation to me did not act rudely.
Saying these words, the one who enters greets the one who is in him:
Bismil-lyayahi valajna, wa bismil-lyayahi kharajna wa ‘alaya rabbinah ta-vakkyalnaa.
With the name of the Almighty we entered and with His name we went out. And only in our Lord we trust.
Muslim prayer if you want to get married or get married
First, a ritual ablution (taharat, abdest) is performed, after which it is necessary to perform two rak'ahs of an additional prayer and say:
Allahumma innakya takdir valaya akdir wa ta'lam wa la a'lam wa ante 'alla-yamul-guyuyub, fa in ra'aita anna (gives the girl's name) khairun lii fii dii-nii va dunya-ya va aakhyratii fakdurkhaa li, va in kyayanet gairukhaa khairan lii minkhaa fii diinii va dunya-ya va aakhyratii fakdurkhaa lii.
O Allah! Everything is in Your power, but I am not able to do anything. You know everything, but I don't. You know everything that is hidden from us. And if You think that is the best for the preservation of my religiosity and well-being both in this and in the future worlds, then help me so that she becomes my wife (husband). And if the other is the best for the preservation of my religiosity and well-being in both worlds, then help me so that that other becomes my wife (husband).
Bismil-lyah. Allahumma jannibnash-shaitaane va jannibish-shaitaana maa razaktanaa.
I begin with the name of the Lord. O Most High, remove us from Satan and remove Satan from what You will give us!
Muslim prayer read in case of loss of any thing
Bismil-lyah. Yaa haadiyad-dullyayal wa raaddad-doollyati-rdud ‘alaya dool-lyati bi ‘izzatikya va sultaaniq, fa innahaa min ‘atoikya va fadlik.
I start with the name of Allah. O He Who directs those who have gone astray to the right path! O He who returns what was lost. Give me back the lost thing with Your majesty and power. Truly, this thing has been bestowed by You on me by Your infinite mercy.
Muslim prayer against problems, troubles, misfortunes and grief
Innaa lil-lyahi wa innaa ilaihi raaji’uun, allahumma ‘indakya ahtasibu musyybatii fa’dzhurnii fiihe, wa abdilnii bihee khairan minhe.
Verily, we belong entirely to Allah and, verily, we all return to Him. O Lord, before You I will give an account for understanding and correctness in overcoming this misfortune. Reward me for the patience I have shown, and replace the trouble with something that is better than it.
Muslim prayer against difficulties, needs and problems
First, a ritual ablution (taharat, abdest) is performed, after which it is necessary to perform two rak'ahs of an additional prayer and say:
Alhamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-'aalamimin, as'alukya muujibaati rahmatik, wa'azaaima magfiratik, val-'ismata min kulli zanb, val-ganiimata min kulli birr, you-salayamata min kulli ism, laya tada' lii zanban illya gafartakh, wa laya hamman illaya farrajtakh, wa laya haajaten khiya lakya ridan illaya kadaytahaa, yaa arkhamar-raahimiin.
True praise belongs only to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. I ask You, O Allah, that which will bring Your mercy closer to me, the effectiveness of Your forgiveness, protection from sins, benefit from everything righteous. I ask You for salvation from all mistakes. Do not leave a single sin that You would not forgive me, not a single anxiety from which You would not deliver me, and not a single need that, being right, would not be satisfied by You. For You are the Most Merciful.
Muslim prayers against anxiety and sadness in the soul
Allahumma inni ‘abdukya ibnu ‘abdikya ibnu ematiq. Naasyatii bi yadika maadyn fiya hukmukya ‘adlun fiya kadooky. As'alukya bi kulli ismin khuva lak, sammyayte bihi nafsyak, av anzaltahu fi kitaabik, av 'allyamtahu akhaden min halkyk, av ista'sarte bihi fii 'ilmil-gaybi 'indek, en tad-j'alal-kur'ana rabi' and kalbi, va nuura sadri, wa jalaa'e khuzni, wa zahaaba hami.
O Almighty Allah! I am Your servant, the son of Your servant and Your handmaid. Dominion over me is in Your [right hand]. Your decision is unquestioningly carried out with respect to me and is just. I address You by all the names by which You have called Yourself or mentioned in Your Scripture or revealed to any of Your creations or by those [names] known only to You. [I turn to You in Your name] and ask that the Qur'an be the spring of my heart, the light of my soul and the reason for the disappearance of my sadness, the cessation of my anxiety.
Allahumma innii a’uuzu bikya minal-hammi wal-hazan, wal-‘ajzi wal-kasal, wal-bukhli wal-jubn, wa dola’id-dein wa galyabatir-rijaal.
O Almighty, with the help of You, I move away from anxiety and sorrow, from weakness and laziness, from stinginess and cowardice, from the burden of duty and human oppression.
Allahumma innaa naj'alukya fii nuhuurihim, wa na'uuzu bikya min shuruurihim.
O Allah, we present their throats and tongues to You for judgment. And we resort to You, moving away from their evil.
Hasbunal-laahu wa ni'mal vakiil.
The Lord is enough for us, and He is the best Protector.
Allahumma, ikfinii bi halayalikya ‘an haraamik, va agninii bi fadlikya ‘am-man sivaak.
O Allah, make the lawful [halal] protect me from the forbidden [haram] and make me, by Your mercy, independent of everyone except You.
Laya ba's, tahuurun inshaa'el-laakh (dvraza).
Translation: It does not matter, you will be cleansed with the permission of the Lord.
The second option, the prayer should be said seven times:
As'elul-laahal-'azyim, rabbel-'arshil-'azyim ai yashfiyak.
I ask the Great Creator, the Lord of the great Throne for your healing.
In Islam, after pronouncing the formula of Monotheism - shahada, the most valuable deed of a Muslim is the obligatory fivefold prayer. This manual is intended for those who wish to receive the most complete knowledge on performing namaz. The method and order of presentation of the material was chosen based on the sequence and logic of actions in the preparation and performance of prayer.
This publication is intended for students and teachers of theological universities and for all those interested in the teachings of the Muslim religion. A book on the madhhab of Imam ash-Shafi'i.
Approved by the Expert Council of the SAMD. Conclusion No. 10 - 0410
© Department of Scientific Research
And methodological developments
© Institute of Theology
Project Manager:
Rector of the Institute of Theology and International Relations, Doctor
Philosophical Sciences, Sadikov Maksud Ibnugajarovich
Editorial Council:
Chairman: Mutailov M. M.
Compiled by: Omarov M. A., Gadzhiev M. P., Magomedov Kh. M.
Council members: Mollaev A., Myagkov S-G.N.
Namaz is the pillar of Islam. /Department of scientific research and methodological developments SKUTSION.
Makhachkala: 2010. - 361 p.
CHAPTER I. THE STRUCTURE OF RELIGION AND THE PLACE OF NAMAZ IN ISLAM
§ 1. Iman as the basis of religion .............................................. 5
§ 1. Islam and its pillars .............................................. .....6
§ 3. Ihsan - as sincerity and
Following the Sunnah of the Prophet....................................................9
§ 4. The trinity of the constituent parts of religion………11
§ 6. Obligation and value of prayer……………...14
§ 7. The benefits of prayer for the spiritual
And physical health ……………............................22
§ 8. The danger of neglecting prayer .............................. 28
Chapter II. CONDITIONS OF NAMAZ AND ITS COMPONENTS
§ 1. Ritual purity (طهارة..................................................(35
§ 2. Cleanliness of the body, clothing and place
prayer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37
§ 3. Shelter of awrah …………………………………………….39
§ 4. Observance of the time of prayers .......................................... 41
§ 5. Definition of qibla - directions
to the Kaaba………………………………………………………………………… ......................46
§ 6. Mandatory components
prayer................................................. ......................56
§ 7. Rakaats and poses of prayer ……………………………......62
Chapter III. PREPARATION FOR PRAYER AND RITUAL CLEANING (طهارة)
§ 1. Impurities (نجاسة (and their categories) ..............................67
§ 2. Water for ritual purification
and its varieties ............................................................... .....70
§ 3. Etiquette of visiting the toilet .................................... 72
Wudu for Prayer
§ 4. Small (partial) ablution ……………………….78
§ 5. Large (complete) ablution .............................................. 97
§ 6. Tayammum - ritual cleansing
clean land ………………………………………………………………………………………… .......105
§ 7. Ablution for those who have
bandage applied to the wound ………………………........... 112
§ 8. Mashu on feet …………………………………………….114
§ 9. Features of ritual cleansing
women ……………………......................................... .116
Chapter IV. ORDER OF COMPLETION OF OBLIGATORY Prayers
§ 1. The order of the lunch prayer ..... 125
§ 2. The procedure for making the rest
obligatory prayers ..................................................................138
§ 3. Prayer of a traveler .............................................. .......140
§ 4. Prayer for people with disabilities
Opportunities .................................................................. ........146
§ 5. Compensation for prayers …………………………………....147
§ 6. Desirable actions of prayer ............................... 148
§ 7. Earthly bows while reading the Qur'an............159
§ 8. Azkars (actions) performed
after the completion of the prayer .......................................... 161
§ 9. Undesirable actions in prayer .......... 168
§ 10. Actions and circumstances,
violating prayer .................................................................. ..169
§ 11. Unintentional errors
when performing namaz and sujud as-sahv ........... 172
Chapter IV. COLLECTIVE PRAYER AND ITS VALUE
§ 1. History and value
collective prayer ............................................... 176
§ 2. Procedure for making
collective prayer .............................................................. 183
§ 3. Desirable actions
in a collective prayer .............................................. 194
§ 4. Undesirable actions (karaha)
in a collective prayer .............................................. 197
§ 5. Requirements for the imam, for whom
perform a collective prayer ……………............. 197
§ 6. The value of Friday
and Friday prayer .................................................................. ..201
§ 7. The procedure and features of the commission
Friday prayer .................................................................. ....209
§ 8. Funeral prayer .......................................... 217
§ 9. Virtues of the mosque and ethical standards
visiting the mosque .................................................. ....223
Chapter VI. SUNNAT Prayers (نوافل(
§ 1. Namaz-ratibats .............................................. ...234
SUNNAT PRAYERS PERFORMED COLLECTIVELY
§ 2. Holiday prayers .......................................................... 244
§ 3. Tarawih prayer ............................................... .........250
§ 4. Prayer performed during an eclipse
sun or moon .............................................................. .........255
§ 5. Prayer of petition for rain .................................... 259
SUNNAT PRAYERS PERFORMED INDIVIDUALLY
§ 6. Namaz-tahajjud .............................................. ...264
§ 7. Namaz-ishraq and zuha .............................................. .270
§ 8. Prayer of Avvabins .............................................. ...276
§ 9. Namaz-tahiyat .............................................. ........279
§ 10. Prayers performed after
ablutions, baths and purifications .................................. 283
§ 11. Namaz-tasbih .............................................. ........286
§ 12. Namaz-istiharat .............................................. ..291
§ 13. Prayer performed
for the fulfillment of a desire .......................................... 295
§ 14. Namaz performed
on the wedding night .............................................. 298
§ 15. Prayer of repentance .................................................. ...299
§ 16. Prayers performed at the entrance to the house,
exit from it, before going on the road
and when returning home.......................................300
§ 17. Prayer performed for relief
torment in the grave .................................................. .......301
§ 18. Namaz upon entering the Hajj or Umra ...... 302
§ 19. Some explanations
to the performance of Sunnah prayers .................................. 303
Chapter VII. VALUABLE ADVICE FOR PRAISE
§ 1. Azan - a call to prayer .................................... 308
§ 2. Humility in prayer .............................................. 321
§ 3. Meaning (ta'wil) of some
actions in prayer .................................................................. ......338
He must perform five prayers a day, which are called obligatory. Failure to perform any of the obligatory prayers without a valid religious reason is a great sin.
One of the advantages of performing obligatory Namaz is that a person is forgiven for minor sins committed by him between Namaz. Prophet Muh ammad, peace be upon him, said:
»
أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ أَنَّ نَهْرًا بِبَابِ أَحَدِكُمْ يَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ
هَلْ يَبْقَى مِنْ دَرَنِهِ شَىْءٌ؟
«
meaning: "If any of you had a river flowing near the yard, and you bathed in it five times a day, would any dirt remain on your body?" The Companions replied: “No, I wouldn’t stay.” Then the Prophet said:
» فَذَلِكَ مَثَلُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسِ يَمْحُو اللهُ بِهِنَّ الْخَطَايَا « مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ
“It is like praying five times, thanks to which sins are forgiven”.
How to perform Namaz "Az-Z uhr"
(Noon Prayer)
Namaz "Az-Z uhr" consists of 4 rak'ats (Namaz cycles).
The following requirements must be met:
1. Direction towards the Ka'ba: be sure to stand with your chest turned towards the Revered Ka‘ba, which is located in the city of Mecca;
2. Intention: be sure to make an intention in the heart to perform the Namaz “Az-Z uhr”. Do this while saying the words: “Alla hu Akbar” (“God is Almighty”). It is enough to “say” in the heart: “I set out (was) to fulfill the obligatory Namaz “Az-Z uhr””;
3. Pronunciation of the words of Takbir: necessarily - say: “Alla hu Akbar” so as to hear yourself (it is also necessary to hear yourself in all subsequent verbal hands). It is recommended (but not necessary) for men to raise their hands to the level of their ears and touch the earlobes with the pads of their thumbs, and for women to raise their hands to shoulder level (Fig. 1);
4. Standing (Fig. 2): obligatory - to stand in the obligatory Namaz when reading the Surah Al-Fah tikh a, if a person is able to do this. It is recommended to keep the hands below the chest and above the navel (for men) or on the chest (for women), so that the right hand is on top of the left or else holds the wrist of the left hand;
5. Reading Surah "Al-Fah tih a": it is obligatory to read Sura “Al-Fah tih a” (1st Sura Kur`an - see Appendix 3). Be sure to read it in such a way that you can hear yourself, observing all the rules and sequence of the Ayats, you must pronounce the letters without distortion. You should learn to read the Surah Al-Fah tikh a from a reliable teacher.
If someone cannot read Sura "Al-Fah tih a" correctly, he should read any passage from the Holy Qur'an that he can read well, and the number of letters in it should not be less than the number of letters in Sura "Al -Fa quiet a "(156 letters).
If someone knows one or more Ayats from Sura Al-Fah is quiet a, then he can repeat them several times so that the same or more letters are pronounced as in the whole Sura Al-Fah is quiet a.
If a person cannot read a single Ayat from Sura "Al-Fah tikh a", then he reads other Ayats from Qur`an, the number of letters in which is not less than in Sura "Al-Fah tikh a".
And if a person cannot read anything from Qur’an, then he should read Z ikr (words of remembrance of Allah ha), for example, such as: “Subha na-llah h, u al-x amdu lilla h, u a la ila ha illalla h, u alla hu Akbar" ("Alla h is above all shortcomings, Praise and Glory - Allah hu, there is no deity except Allah ha, Allah h is Almighty").
The worshiper pronounces these words as many times as will be enough to ensure that at least the same number of letters is obtained as in Surah Al-Fah tih a.
It was narrated by the Imams of An-Nau ayy and Ibn Khibban that once a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and asked: “O Messenger of Allah ha! Verily, I cannot learn to read the Qur'an. Teach me that which will replace the recitation of the Qur'an." The Prophet, peace be upon him, replied: “Say: “Subh analla h, u al-h amdu lilla h, u a la ila ha illalla h, u alla hu Akbar. U a la ha a la w a la k uuu ata illa bill hil-‘Aliyil-‘Az y m ””.
In another Hadith, the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “If you can read the Qur'an, then read it. If not, then read “Al-h amdu-li-llah h, la ila ha illa-llah h, Allah hu Akbar.”
For example, saying the words "Alla hu Akbar" twenty times is enough.
In the event that a person cannot read either the Surah Al-Fah tih a, or anything else from the Qur'an, as well as Zikr, then he, during the time necessary for a moderate reading of the Surah Al-Fah Quiet a, stands silently.
After reading Sura "Al-Fah tih a" it is recommended to say: "A min" ("Oh, Allah h! Grant me what I ask from You"). It is also recommended to read at least one Ayat from the Qur'an in the 1st and 2nd rak'at (Namaz cycle) - see Appendix 5. Before reading Surah Al-Fah tikh a in the 1st rak'ah 'ate is recommended to read "Tauajzhuh" (Du'a `, Beginner Namaz) and then “Isti‘a for” (a prayer to Allah Almighty for protection from the shaitan (devil) cursed by God) - see Appendix 2);
6. Ruku‘ (Bow bow): obligatory - make an inclination so that the palms are at the level of the knees (Fig. 3), and be in this position, being at rest, for the time necessary to pronounce the words Z caviar
"Subhanalla h". It is recommended that before bending down, raise your hands to the level of your ears, touch the earlobes with the pads of your thumbs - for men or to shoulder level - for women, and at the same time say: "Alla hu Akbar." In the “Hand” position, it is recommended to say 3 times: “Subha na Rabbiyal-‘Az y m” (“My Almighty Lord is above all shortcomings”);
7. Al-I'tida l (Straightening): Be sure to return after Ruku ‘to the “standing” position, while you should be in a state of rest for the time necessary to pronounce the words “Subhanalla h” (Fig. 4). During straightening, it is recommended to bring your hands to your ears, touch the earlobes with the pads of your thumbs - for men, or to shoulder level - for women, and at the same time say: “Sami'a-lla hu estuary x amidah” (“Allah h - All-Hearing. We hope that He will accept our praise." When returning to the “standing” position, it is recommended to say: “Rabbana u a Lakyal-x amd” (“O our Lord! Praise be to Thee!”);
8. Sujud (Prostration, i.e. prostration): necessarily - to bow to the ground, in which it is necessary to press the forehead to the floor. The knees, palms and bottom of the toes should also touch the floor. It is necessary to be in this position at rest for the time necessary to pronounce the words: “Subhanalla h” (Fig. 5).
Before bowing to the ground, it is recommended to bring your hands to your ears, touch the pads of your thumbs to the lobes of the ears - for men, or to the shoulders - for women, and at the same time say: "Alla hu Akbar." During Sujud, it is recommended to say 3 times: “Subha na Rabbiyal-A’la” (“My Supreme Lord is above all shortcomings”). With Sujud, it is also recommended that the hands lie on the floor at shoulder level, the fingers are pressed against each other and directed towards the Ka'ba. For men, it is recommended that the elbows during Sujud and Ruku ‘be moved to the sides so that the stomach does not touch the hips during Sujud (Fig. 5-a). A woman, on the contrary, with Sujud and Ruku ‘holds her elbows pressed to her body, and her stomach is close to her hips.
It is undesirable for Sujud that the elbows touch the floor, both for men and women.
9. Sitting between Sujuds: necessarily - after bowing to the ground, sit down and be in this position at rest for the time necessary to pronounce the words “Subha nlla h”.
Rising after Sujud, it is recommended to say: “Alla hu Akbar”. Being in the “sitting” position, it is recommended to say: “Rabbi-g fir li, u a-rh amni, u a-jburni, u a-rfa'ni, u a-rzukni, u a-hdini, u a’a fini "("O my Lord! Grant me forgiveness, have mercy on me, help me, elevate my degree, grant me sustenance, lead me further along the True Path and protect me from diseases"). When Sitting, it is recommended that the left leg be under the buttocks, and the right one would stand upright on the floor in the same way as in Sujud. There is another way of sitting when the buttocks rest on the heels of both feet, which are in the same position as during Sujud. It is recommended that while sitting, the hands should be on the knees, the fingers should be directed towards the Ka'ba.
10. Must commit 2nd Sujud, which is executed in the same way as the first one. After the 2nd Sujud is completed, the 1st rak'at of Namaz ends.
11. Be sure to get on your feet to perform the 2nd rak'at. During the ascent, it is recommended to say: "Alla hu Akbar." Then points from “5” to “10” are repeated, after which the 2nd rak'at ends.
12. After the 2nd Sujud, it is recommended to sit down and read Tashahhud (see Appendix 4) and the words: “Alla humma c alli ‘ala Muh ammad” (see Appendix 4) so that you can hear yourself. About ways of sitting - see point "9". Another way of sitting: on both crossed feet (Fig. 7). When sitting, it is recommended to keep both hands on your knees. The fingers of the left hand lie on the left knee and are directed towards the Ka'ba, the fingers of the right hand, except for the index, lie on the right knee. In Tashahhud, when pronouncing the words “illalla h”, the index finger of the right hand rises slightly and remains in this position until the end of the seat (Fig. 8-b).
13. Then be sure to stand up and perform the next two rak'ats in the same way as steps 5 through 11 were performed. Rising to the 3rd rak'at, it is recommended to raise your hands to the level of the ears, touch the earlobes with the pads of the thumbs - for men, or to shoulder level - for women, and at the same time say: "Alla hu Akbar." However, when standing up for the fourth rak'at, it is not recommended to raise your hands.
14. After performing the 2nd Sujud in the last rak'at, be sure to sit down, read Tashahhud, say: “Alla humma with alli ‘ala Muh ammad” (see Appendix 4). It is recommended to hold hands as described in paragraph "12". Slightly raise the index finger when pronouncing the words "illalla h" and hold it in this position until the end of Namaz. It is recommended to sit on the floor, bending the left leg, and leave the right leg in the same position as with Sujud.
رَبَّنَا ءاتِنَا فى الدُّنيا حَسَنَةً وفى الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
/ Rabbana a tina fid-dunya x asanah u a fil-a hirati x asanah u a k yna ‘aza ban-na r /
It means: “O our Lord! Grant us good things both in this life and in the next world. And save us from the torment of Hell."
15. Salam at the end of prayer: it is obligatory - to say: “As-Sala mu ‘alaykum” so as to hear yourself. It is recommended to say: “As-Sala mu ‘alaykum u a Rah matu-llah h”, turning your head first to the right, then to the left (Fig. 10). Namaz ends with these words.
See footnote 1.
Rukn Namaz is an integral part of Namaz.
1. Pillars of prayer (lasso as-sala)
The obligatory (fard) or traditional (sunnah) prayer has six pillars. If at least one of them is violated or missing, the prayer is considered failed and must be performed again.
Pillars of prayer:
1) Takbir al-ihram or takbir al-iftitah –entry into the state of prayer.
Takbir al-ihram is carried out with intention, by raising the hands to the level of the ears and simultaneously pronouncing the words “Allahu Akbar”. (See: al-Hindi A. Fatawa at-Tatarkhaniya vol. 1 p. 270-271; Al-Fatawa al-Hindi vol. 1 p. 123)
At the same time, it should be noted that, firstly, raising hands is not an obligatory action of takbir al-ihram, but desirable (sunnah). Secondly, the pronunciation of the formula "Allahu Akbar" is obligatory (wajib), although other formulas are also permissible, for example, "Allahu Azam" or "Ar-Rahmanu Akbar." Thirdly, it is impossible to perform takbir al-ihram without a specific intention and at the same time pronounce the permissible takbir formula, any of the above, but the use of the formula "Allahu Akbar", unlike others, is more correct. (See item 14 "Necessary actions of prayer".)
Argument (dalil):
Koran. The Almighty said: "And magnify your Lord!" (74:3).
sunnah. “If you stand up for prayer, then fully perform ablution, then turn your face to the qibla and say: Allahu akbar.” (Hadith from Abu-Hurairah; collection of hadiths of al-Bukhari No. 6667 and Muslim No. 397).
2) Qiyam – standing while reading the Quran.
Argument (dalil):
Koran. The Almighty said: "And stand before Allah reverently." (2:238)
Sunnah. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Pray standing up, and if you can’t, then sitting, and if you can’t, then on your side.” (Hadith from ‘Imran ibn Husayn; collection of hadiths of al-Bukhari No. 1117, at-Tirmizi No. 371 and Abu Dawud No. 952)
3) Qira'a – reading the Koran.
Argument (dalil):
Koran. The Almighty said: "Read what is easy for you from the Qur'an." (73:20)
sunnah “If you stand up for prayer, then say:“ Allahu Akbar ”, then read what is easy for you from the Koran, then make a bow until you calm down in it ...”.(Hadith from Abu Hurairah; collection of hadith al-Bukhari No. 715, Muslim No. 602 and Abu Dawud No. 730)
4) Hand ‘ - waist bow.
Argument (dalil):
Koran. The Almighty said: “O you who believe! Bow down (make a bow from the waist) and prostrate." (22:77)
sunnah. The Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said to a person who performed a bad prayer: “If you stand up for prayer, then say:“ Allahu Akbar ”, then read what is easy for you from the Koran, then make a bow until you calm down in it ...”(Hadith from Abu Hurairah; collection of hadiths of al-Bukhari No. 715, Muslim No. 602 and Abu Dawud No. 730).
5) Sujud - prostration.
Argument (dalil):
Koran. The Almighty said: “O you who believe! Bow down and prostrate (make a bow to the ground)." (22:77)
Sunnah. The Prophet (PBUH) said: "I was ordered to prostrate with seven bones: forehead, hands, knees and the tips of the feet." (Hadith from Ibn-Abbas; collection of hadiths of al-Bukhari No. 812, Muslim No. 490 and at-Tirmizi No. 273)
6) Ka'da akhira –the last sitting at the end of the prayer for the duration of tashahhud.
Argument (dalil):
sunnah. The Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) took Ibn-Abbas by the hand and, having taught him tashahud, said: “If you say or complete this (ka‘da akhira), then your prayer is completed; and if you want to get up, get up, and if you want to sit, sit.”(Hadith from Ibn-Abbas; set of hadiths of al-Bukhari No. 812, Muslim No. 490 and at-Tirmizi No. 273).
