Which Scandinavian country does not have a royal family. Royal family of Denmark. English monarchs are not allowed into the House of Commons

The press does not ignore the British royal family. We know how they look, how they live and what they do. For example, who doesn't know that Prince William's wife Kate Middleton is expecting her third child? And when she was pregnant with her first child, the country made bets on the gender and name of the child. This topic has become a burning issue not only in the UK, but throughout the world. Let's remember the death of Princess Diana. Were there then indifferent to this grief, how many gossip and conspiracy theories appeared after the tragedy ...

However, we forget that there are other reigning royal families in our world. Today we will get acquainted with fifteen monarchs and their inner circle.

Netherlands

The royal couple Willem-Alexander and Maxima have three daughters: Amalia, Alexia and Ariana.

Jordan

King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan with their children Crown Prince Hussein (far left), Princess Salma (right) and Prince Hashim. Princess Iman is missing from the photo.

Belgium

King Philip and his wife Queen Mathilde are raising four children: two boys, Emmanuel and Gabriel, and two girls, Elizabeth and Eleanor. The photo was taken during a family trip to Switzerland in February 2016.

Denmark

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Prince Henrik gave birth to two children in marriage - Frederick and Joachim (not pictured). The eldest son married Crown Princess Mary, they have four children: Christian, Isabella, twins Josefina and Frederik. The photo was taken during the annual summer photo shoot in Grasten in July 2016.

Japan

Crown Prince Naruhito, Crown Princess Masako with her daughter Aiko and her dog Yuri.

Cambodia

King Norodom Sihamoni is a bachelor. The photo was taken at the Water Festival in November 2016.

Luxembourg

Prince Guillaume with his wife Stephanie de Lannoy at the celebration of the 80th anniversary of King Harald and Queen Sonja.

Spain

King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia with children photographed during big holiday. Their youngest daughter, 10-year-old Sophia, received her first communion. Princess Leonor came to support her sister.

Sweden

Crown Princess Victoria with her husband Prince Daniel and daughter Princess Estelle pose for photographs during the christening ceremony for their youngest son, two-month-old Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne, in May 2016.

Thailand

King Bhumibol Adulyadej sits surrounded by members of his family. Princesses Soamsavali, Ubol Ratana, Chulabhorn, Siribhachudabhorn, Srirasmi, Sirindhorn stand on the balcony with Princes Dipangkorn Rasmichoti and Vachiralongkorn. The photo was taken during the king's address to the people on his 85th birthday, which he celebrated in 2012. Unfortunately, the king died in 2016, a year of mourning was declared throughout the country. Maha Vajiralongkorn became king.

Great Britain

The royal family greets their subjects on the balcony of Buckingham Palace during the annual military parade held in honor of Queen Elizabeth. In addition to her, the picture also shows Prince Philip, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, Prince William and his wife the Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Charlotte and Prince George.

Norway

King Harald V with his wife Queen Sonja surrounded by his large family. They have two children, Haakon and Martha Louise. The Crown Prince is married to Princess Mette-Marrit, who gave her husband a daughter, Ingrid Alexandra, and a son, Sverre Mangus. They also raise Marius Borg Heiby, a child from Princess Mette-Marrit's first marriage.

Princess Martha Louise is the mother of your daughters. The girls' names are Maud Angelica Ben, Lea Isadora Ben and Emma Tallulah Ben.

Monaco

From left to right: Pauline Ducret, Camille Gottlieb, Princess Stephanie of Monaco and Louis Ducret.

Princess with children at a charity event dedicated to the fight against AIDS in Monaco. Stephanie is the daughter of Prince Rainier III of Monaco and American film actress G. Kelly.

Swaziland

This photo shows King Mswati III of Swaziland. He sits with four of his fifteen wives at the international trade fair in Manzini.

Morocco

Princess Lalla Salma and her husband, King Mohammed VI of Morocco, greet their newborn son, Moulay Hassan, who was born in 2003.

This is what royal families look like. There is something a little fabulous in them, isn't it? I want to touch them closer, find out what they do, what kind of skeletons they keep in the closet. However, none of the royal families has such popularity as the British Queen and her family. This is not surprising: at 91, she still rules, is happily married, and is already raising her great-grandchildren.

At the moment, there are about 30 monarchical states in the world, headed by real kings and queens. Many have children and grandchildren - princes and princesses. How do they live? Do they eat from silver platters and write with diamond stylus on gold boards? Or is it much easier?

How do modern princes and princesses live? Bathed in luxury or brought up in excessive severity?

Prince George (4 years old) and Princess Charlotte (2 years old) - children of Prince William and Duchess Kate (UK)

Prince George and Princess Charlotte are perhaps the most famous children in the world. However, parents strive to provide their kids with a “normal childhood” and try to educate them in the same way as millions of ordinary Britons do. George and Charlotte do not have expensive newfangled toys and an army of servants, but they spend a lot of time with their parents, who are known for their unconventional parenting techniques. For example, during children's tantrums, Duchess Kate herself begins to roll on the floor and scream loudly. This method turned out to be effective: at the sight of their mother's "hysteria", the children immediately calm down.

And in April 2018, George and Charlotte will have a brother or sister.

Leonor (12 years old) and Sofia (10 years old) - daughters of King Felipe VI and Queen Leticia (Spain)

The heiress of the Spanish crown Leonor and her younger sister Sofia are the favorites of the common people. Toy manufacturers even produce dolls that look like two peas in a pod, like fair-haired princesses. Parents do not have a soul in their daughters and pay close attention to their education. Girls learn English and Chinese, as well as local dialects: Castilian, Catalan, Basque. In addition, they are engaged in yachting, skiing and ballet.

Estelle (5 years old) and Oscar (1 year old) - children of the Swedish Crown Princess Victoria and her husband Prince Daniel (Sweden)

Princess Estelle is the first girl in Swedish history to be born with the right of succession to the throne. According to the law of 1980, Estelle is the second in the order of succession to the throne after her mother, ahead of her younger brother Oscar in this line. But while Estelle does not think about her brilliant future at all: she is happy to babysit her brother and leads the life of an ordinary girl. According to the mother of the children:

“Estelle is very curious, sociable, brave, active and cheerful. Oscar is more calm, he respects and loves his sister a lot.”

Ingrid Alexandra (13 years old) and Sverre Magnus (11 years old) - children of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit (Norway)

The children of the Norwegian prince Haakon are now entirely focused on their studies. At the same time, they, like millions of other teenagers, actively use social networks. Princess Ingrid Alexandra is second in line to the Norwegian throne after her father, so she is already taking part in various official events. The girl made her first public speech at the age of 6. Now the girl is studying at the private school Oslo International School, where almost all education is conducted in English.

As for Sverre Magnus, he is known as a real joker and amuses not only the royal family, but the entire Norwegian people. Ingrid Alexandra and Sverre Magnus also have an older half-brother, Marius, who has no claim to the royal throne.

Christian (12 years old), Isabella (10 years old), twins Vincent and Josephine (6 years old) - children of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary (Denmark)

The Danes adore Crown Prince Frederik, his wife, Crown Princess Mary, and their four children. The eldest son of the prince, Christian, the future heir to the throne, attended the usual kindergarten and a public school and is no different from ordinary boys, however, like his younger sisters and brother. Children grow up very active and playful: they love bicycles, scooters and cars.

Prince Frederick's family is very friendly. The prince with his wife and children loves to travel on a family yacht and skiing.

Jacques and Gabriela - children of Prince Albert and Princess Charlene (Monaco)

Twins Jacques and Gabriela were born on December 10, 2014 via caesarean section. Their father, Prince Albert, was present at their birth and was very proud of it. Jacques has the primary right to the throne, although he is 2 minutes younger than his sister. The development and upbringing of babies is monitored by their mother, Princess Charlene. As a former swimming champion, she is already introducing kids to water sports with might and main.

Elizabeth (16 years old), Gabrielle (14 years old), Emmanuelle (12 years old) and Eleanor (9 years old) - children of King Philip I and Queen Mathilde (Belgium)

All the children of the Belgian king study at the Catholic Jesuit College in Brussels, known for its strict routines. The heir to the royal throne is Princess Elizabeth. A girl from early childhood is distinguished by exemplary behavior and seriousness. She is fluent in German, French and Dutch, and also dances beautifully.

Princesses Katarina-Amalia (13 years old), Alexia (12 years old) and Ariana (10 years old) - daughters of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima (Netherlands)

Dutch princesses live busy lives: they practice ballet, are fond of swimming, horseback riding and tennis. Girls are good at English language and also learn Spanish, which is native to their mother, Queen Maxima.

Prince Hisahito (10 years old) - son of Prince Fumihito and Princess Kiko (Japan)

Prince Hisahito is the main hope of the Japanese imperial house, because before his birth, only girls were born in the family, and according to the law, only a man can take the Chrysanthemum throne.

Although the emperor's family does not have a soul in the little prince, they do not do him any favors: he goes to school, where his success is assessed very strictly, and even participates in sports competitions on an equal basis with other students. As for hobbies, the prince likes to ride a bike, play ball and is interested in the life of insects.

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There are 43 monarchies in the world. Some rulers and their families have unlimited power and wealth. Like the Sultan of Brunei, who built a palace with 1788 rooms, they are surrounded by luxury. Others, on the contrary, do not boast of their position. They take their children to school and lead a very modest lifestyle.

Today website will tell you how the monarchs of 10 states live and introduce you to the royal families different countries. It will also prove that some of them have a way of life not much different from ours.

1. Belgium

2. Jordan

Early family photos.

Queen of Jordan Rania writes children's books. One of Rania's books became a bestseller in New York. This charming woman, one of beautiful women according to Harpers and Queen magazine, she does not look like an ordinary Muslim woman at all. She dresses stylishly and somewhat disappoints the children by not wearing a crown.

In her free time, she enjoys baking chocolate chip cookies. And watch movies while eating popcorn.

However, Rania also has real royal weaknesses: she likes to wear shoes embroidered with gold threads on the skin. And in 2012, she ordered real gold shoes encrusted with diamonds and topaz.

3. Tonga

Tupou VI (center) at the funeral ceremony on the occasion of the death of Tupou IV's father. On the sides are sons: Ulukala (left) and Ata (right).

Tonga is a tiny kingdom in Oceania. It is located on 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. Just over 100 thousand people live there.

Monarch Tupou VI has ruled Tonga since 2012. He received the royal title when his brother Tupou V, who had no children, was deposed. The second elder brother Tupou VI was removed from the throne for marrying a commoner. Tupou VI has three children and two grandchildren. Despite the fact that the tradition of closely related marriages is condemned in Tonga, they are still common: both the king and his son Ulukala married cousins.

Tupou V, elder brother of the current king.

4. Denmark

Margrethe II and her grandson Christian.

Denmark is a kingdom that includes part of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The first mention of Danish monarchs dates back to the end of the 8th century. In the 10th century, a united kingdom was founded by the Vikings. This state is the oldest in Europe. Since 1972 Queen of Denmark is Margrethe II.

Queen Margrethe II has two children. The eldest of the sons Prince Frederik, married to Princess Mary Australian origin. As a child, Mary did not dream of becoming a princess, but wanted to be a veterinarian. The family has four children, parents willingly play games with children, and Mary herself takes them to school on a bicycle.

When a child is born into the Danish royal family, according to tradition the name of the newborn is not revealed until the baptism(approximately during the first month of life). And the whole country is playing a curious game. The population tries to guess what name the baby will be given, and makes bets among themselves.

Margrethe II's lineage can be traced back to the Vikings. The queen does not deal with political issues, but is only the official representative of the country. She patronizes the arts and herself is a talented artist. Her illustrations for The Lord of the Rings impressed John Tolkien and were published under the pseudonym Ingachild Gratmer in the 1977 Danish edition of the book.

5. Spain

The Spanish monarchy has its roots in the 5th century Visigoth Kingdom, established in Spain and Aquitaine. The current king, Felipe VI, ascended the throne in 2014 after the abdication of his father, Juan Carlos I.

Felipe VI is an active fan and athlete. He participated in the championships of Spain, Europe and Olympic Games basketball, as well as in a rugby match in 2018 . In 2004, he married Letizia, a former CNN journalist. In marriage, they had two daughters: Leonor and Sophia. King Felipe, together with his wife, take the children by car to school, discussing school affairs along the way.

The royal family of Spain is no stranger to sports passions. Left to right: former Queen Sofia, King Felipe and Queen Letizia.

6. Sweden

Pictured right are Crown Princess Victoria, Prince Daniel and Princess Estelle.

Initially, the Swedish monarchy was elective. It became hereditary in the 16th century under the rule of Gustav Vasa.

current monarch Carl Gustaf XVI became king in 1973. He was the first to rebel against the Swedish tradition, according to which one must marry only persons of royal blood in order to take the throne. He married a woman of common ancestry whom he met at the Olympics. His daughter, Crown Princess Victoria, married her coach Daniel, with whom she had two children: Estelle and Oscar.

Princess Victoria at her first job.

Princess Victoria became the heir to the throne after the abolition of the law, according to which the throne was transferred to the eldest of the sons. Now in Sweden, as in many other European countries, the eldest child receives the royal title, regardless of gender.

The princess does not like to sit quietly or sunbathe. To fill her free time, she can even pick berries in the garden of Solliden Palace. Victoria does not like city life and, if she were not an heiress, she would gladly devote her life to working with animals.

7. Swaziland

Mswati III in traditional attire. / Mswati III dressed as a Swazi warrior.

Swaziland, or as it has been officially known since April 2018, Kingdom Of Eswatini, - it is one of the smallest countries located in southern Africa. The state gained independence in 1968.

Since 1986, Swaziland has been ruled by Ngwenyama (King) Mswati III and Ndlovukati (Queen Mother) Ntfombi. Mswati III is the de facto head of state, he himself appoints the prime minister. The Queen Mother Ntfombi is the guardian of rituals.

The Reed Dance ceremony is attended by half-naked girls from all over the kingdom.

Now Mswati III has 15 wives and 23 children(and this is not much, considering that his predecessor had 125 wives). The first two wives of the king are appointed by his advisers, while the rest can be chosen by him.

A new wife is chosen at the Reed Dance ceremony, which attracts unmarried and childless girls from all over the kingdom. For eight days, they take turns dancing in traditional dress in front of the king, and he chooses his bride. The girls of Eswatini take this rite well, as it gives them a chance to become a queen.

According to tradition, the king can marry his chosen ones only after they become pregnant. Pregnancy is a guarantee of heirs. Until that time, the chosen wives are called lifovels, or brides.

8. Netherlands

Translated from Dutch, the word "Netherlands" means "lower lands", that is, it is a state located on lowlands and plains. Only 50% of the land in this country exceeds 1 meter above sea level. The foundations of the Dutch monarchy were laid at the end of the 16th century. Since 1815, the Netherlands has become a constitutional monarchy.

Willem-Alexander became king in 2013. At that time, he was the youngest monarch in Europe.

King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima help paint the community center gym.

Today, the monarchy has a representative character and may soon come to naught altogether. In many countries of the world, kings were overthrown, but some managed to retain power and carry historical ones through time. the site has collected some little-known facts about the monarchs of Europe.

King George VI participated in Wimbledon

Wimbledon is the oldest tennis tournament, and also the only one in which a member of the British royal family took part. In 1926, the then Duke of York, father of Elizabeth II, took part in the men's doubles tournament.

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark illustrated the cover of the Danish edition of the famous book

One of the most iconic trilogies of modern literature, The Lord of the Rings has been loved by many celebrities, including even members of The Beatles. However, one of the most revered admirers of the author J.R.R. Tolkien became the Danish queen, who is fond of painting.

Sent several sketches to Tolkien in the early 1970s under the pseudonym Ingachild Gratmer, according to Culture Trip. Given that the writer was very difficult to please, he liked Gratmer's drawings, as they reminded him of his own.

Ultimately, in 1977, the book "The Lord of the Rings" was published in Denmark with drawings of the queen.

English monarchs are not allowed into the House of Commons

The constitution forbids the king and queen from entering the Palace of Westminster, where the meetings of the British Parliament, the highest legislative body in the United Kingdom, are held. This is necessary for a clear separation of the monarchy and government.

Photo: Instagram londonbeautifullife

During civil war in England in 1642, King Charles I entered the House of Commons and attempted to arrest five members of the British Parliament. After the king's defeat, British monarchs were banned from entering the House of Commons.

Queen Mary of Scots washed herself with wine

According to Scottish history, Queen Mary washed her face with white wine because she believed it would help her maintain her alabaster complexion. According to the BBC, Her Majesty even bathed in sparkling wine.

Queen Victoria founded the popular wedding trend

When Victoria married Prince Albert in 1840, the brides wore colorful wedding dresses. Wanting to emphasize the lace embroidery of the outfit, the queen asked to sew a white dress for her. She also asked the guests not to dress up. white color to the celebration, so as not to distract attention from the bride.

And now, almost 180 years later, women follow the tradition by marrying in white dresses.

It is also noteworthy that after the celebration, Victoria tore her lace on the dress so that no one could copy them.

Queen Victoria survived several assassination attempts

During her reign, she reportedly survived eight assassination attempts. The first occurred in 1840 when Edward Oxford fired two shots within 30 meters of the Queen and her husband as they left Buckingham Palace for a drive through London's Hyde Park.

As a result, after a series of attacks, an umbrella with chain rings was made for the queen, which she carried with her at official events.

King Henry VIII became the first English monarch to be called "Your Majesty"

Prior to his reign, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or the more common "Your Highness". Known for his arrogance, Henry VIII began referring to himself as "Your Majesty" after he learned that the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V referred to himself as well.

Queen Elizabeth I wore a thick layer of white make-up containing lead

In 1562, Queen Elizabeth contracted smallpox, leaving visible scars on her face. To give the skin a porcelain glow, Her Majesty wore a thick layer of white makeup, which contained traces of white lead and vinegar.

King Louis XIV ruled without a chief minister and dubbed himself "The Sun King"

A close attorney of the French King Louis XIV, Cardinal Jules Mazarin, died in 1661. The monarch was left without a chief adviser and decided not to look for a new one. He considered himself the direct representative of God, having the heavenly right to take full control of the French monarchy.

To personify his prestige, he chose the sun as his emblem and cultivated the image of the omniscient and authoritative "Sun King", where everything revolved around him.

King Louis XIV took the first steps to make Paris one of the fashion capitals

When King Louis XIV came to the throne in 1643, Madrid, Spain was considered the sole fashion capital of the world. When it came to fabrics and furniture, France simply could not compete with Spanish or Belgian goods. At the same time, political, economic and cultural shortcomings did not allow the country to become a defining voice in fashion.

Desperately trying to change this situation, the king created enterprises in the clothing, jewelry and furniture industries, providing jobs for a third of Parisian citizens.

History is being built every day. People are also forever, which broke into the royal family of Great Britain, breaking a lot of age-old traditions.

culture

In our world of inequality and endless struggle for money and power, there are always those who can be called the most powerful and strong, since they have titles and money. Since money and property are inherited, entire dynasties appear that prosper with each new generation, multiplying the wealth of their ancestors and holding their positions.

We invite you to learn about the most famous and powerful families in history.

1) The Rodschild dynasty

The Rodschild dynasty (or Rothschilds) is a German-born dynasty of bankers and financiers who founded and controlled banks throughout Europe and were elevated to nobility by the Austrian and English governments. The founder of the dynasty is Mayer Amschel Rothschild(1744-1812), whose plans for the future were to keep the business in the hands of the family, which made it possible to keep the size of his fortune and business achievements in complete secrecy.

Wealth of the Rodschild dynasty

Mayer Rodschild successfully kept his fortune within the family. Carefully choosing spouses for their descendants from close relatives, Nathan Rodschild opened his own bank in 1811 in London, called N. M. Rothschild and Sons, which still exists. In 1818, the company made a loan of £5 million to the Prussian government, and the issuance of government bonds was the mainstay of a prosperous business. The Rodschilds were in such a strong position in London that by 1825-26 they were able to mint coins for the Bank of England to enable it to ward off the threat of a market crisis.

2) Plantagenet dynasty

If we compare the royal dynasties of the Plantagenets and the Tudors, then the former left a much greater mark on history, since the development of English culture and political system(which remains to this day) took place precisely in their reign. The Anglican Church was founded under the Tudors and some have argued that under them there was a golden age in the history of England, but the significance of the Plantagenets is much more serious.

The Plantagenets were a royal house whose founder is considered to be Henry II, eldest son Geoffroy V Plantagenet. The kings of this dynasty began to rule England in the 12th century. From 1154 to 1485, a total of 15 Plantagenet monarchs were at the head of the state, among which were those who belonged to the younger lines.

Achievements of the Plantagenet dynasty

In the era of the Plantagenets, a characteristic English culture and art was born, which was encouraged by the monarchs. At that time, Gothic architecture was popular and famous buildings such as Westminster Abbey And york cathedral were built in this style.

Some changes were also made in the social sector, for example, by the king Ionnom I was signed Magna Carta. This influenced the development of the general and constitutional law. political institutions such as Parliament of England and others originated precisely during the reign of the House of Plantagenet, and some famous educational institutions, For example Universities of Cambridge and Oxford.

3) Nehru-Gandhi dynasty

The Nehru-Feroz Gandhi dynasty is a political dynasty whose representatives dominated the party Indian National Congress much of the early history of independent India. Three members of this dynasty ( Jawaharlal Nehru, his daughter Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi) were prime ministers of India, two of whom (Indira and Rajiv) were assassinated.

Government is a family affair

The fourth member of the dynasty, the widow of Rajiv Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi, is currently the leader Indian national congress , and their son Rahul Gandhi is the youngest member of the family to enter politics after winning a seat in the lower house of the Indian Parliament in 2004. The Nehru-Feroz Gandhi dynasty is not related by ties to the leader of the struggle for the independence of India Mohandas Gandhi. The Nehru-Gandhi dynasty is the most prominent example of the tradition of dynastic rule in the Asian democratic republics.

4) Khan Dynasty

Genghis Khan- the founder of the Mongol Empire, the largest empire in history, uniting territories bordering each other. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After the founding of the Mongol Empire and declaring himself Genghis Khan, that is, the ruler, he began to attack neighboring territories, conquering peoples and appropriating their possessions.

Infinite territory capture

During the reign of Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire occupied most of Central Asia. Before his death, Genghis Khan appointed his son as his successor Ogedei, and also divided the empire between his children and grandchildren into khanates. He died in 1227 after conquering the Tanguts. He was buried in an unknown grave somewhere in Mongolia.

His descendants continued to seize new lands and expand the possessions of the Mongol Empire in Eurasia, creating vassal states, among which were modern China, Korea, the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia, as well as a huge part of the modern countries of Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

5) Claudius and Julius dynasties

Two dynasties united into one, becoming one of the most important families ancient rome, which later became known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty, whose members were the most famous Roman emperors: Caligula, Augustus, Claudius, Tiberius And Nero. These five emperors ruled the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 68 AD, with the last of them, Nero, committing suicide.

These five rulers were related, either through marriage or adoption, to the Julio and Claudian families. Julius Caesar is sometimes inaccurately considered the founder of this dynasty, as he was not an emperor and had no connection with the Claudian family. Augustus should be considered the full founder of the dynasty.

General features of the reign of emperors

The rule of the emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty had similar features: they all came to power through indirect family ties. Each of them expanded the territories of the Roman Empire and started large-scale construction projects. They were generally well-liked by the people, but they were disliked by the senator class, according to ancient Roman historians. Ancient historians described the emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty as crazy, sexually perverted and tyrannical personalities.

6) Ming Dynasty

Zhu is the surname of the emperors of the Ming Empire. First Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang began to call the Ming Dynasty, which means "diamond". The Ming dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644 after the fall of the Mongol Yuan dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty was considered one of the greatest eras of social stability and good governance in human history. This was the last dynasty in China headed by ethnic Chinese. Although the capital of the Ming Empire, Beijing, fell in 1644 as a result of a peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng, the regimes that were adopted during the reign of the Ming emperors lasted until 1662.

The grand building of the Ming Dynasty

The Minsk Empire owned a huge military force and had an army consisting of a million soldiers. She organized huge construction projects for those times, including restoration Great Wall of China and construction in Beijing "Forbidden City" in the first quarter of the 15th century. According to some estimates, the population in the last period of the Ming dynasty ranged from 160 to 200 million people. The reign of the Ming Dynasty is often regarded as the most important page in the history of Chinese civilization, it was during the time of this dynasty that the first signs of capitalism were born.

7) Habsburgs

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house in Europe and is known to have ruled the Holy Roman Empire between 1452 and 1740, as well as being longtime rulers of Spain and Austrian Empire. Originally from Switzerland, the dynasty first ruled Austria, which ruled for over 600 years, but a series of royal marriages allowed the Habsburgs to also take Burgundy, Spain, Bohemia, Hungary and other territories under their dominion. This dynasty got its name from the castle of Habsburg in the Swiss region of Aargau.

Large family and marriage ties

The motto of this dynasty was "Let others fight, and you, happy Austria, must marry", which indicated the talent of the Habsburgs with the help of marriage bonds to connect representatives of their kind with other royal families, creating alliances and inheriting territories. empress Maria Theresa, for example, remained in the history of Europe not only due to its political merits, but also as "Great Grandmother of Europe", whose 10 children survived to adulthood and left heirs.

8) Ptolemaic dynasty

The Ptolemies are a Hellenistic Macedonian royal dynasty that ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt for approximately 300 years from 305 BC to 30 BC. Ptolemy was one of the generals who served Alexander the Great who was appointed satrap of Egypt after the death of Alexander in 323 BC.

Egyptian Queen Cleopatra

In 305 BC he declared himself king Ptolemy I. The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. They ruled the country until the Roman conquest in 30 BC. The most famous representative of the family was the last queen Cleopatra VII, known for playing an important role in the political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide after the conquest of Egypt by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule.

9) The Medici Dynasty

The Medici family was a powerful and influential family in Florence, whose members were in power from the 13th to the 17th centuries. Among them were four Popes ( Leo X, Pius IV, Clement VII, Leo XI), a large number of rulers of Florence, as well as members of the royal families of England and France. They also dominated the government of the city, taking full control of Florence, making it a city where art and humanism flourished.

Great Renaissance

Together with other influential families of Italy such as Visconti And Sforza from Milan, Este de Ferrara And Gonzaga from Mantua, the Medici contributed to the birth of the Italian Renaissance. The Medici Bank was one of the most prosperous and respected banks in Europe. At one time they were even called the richest family in Europe. Thanks to money, the Medici were able to gain political power first in Florence, and then in Italy and throughout Europe.

10) Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty is the largest royal house in Europe. It includes direct descendants of the King of France Hugo Capeta. Spanish king Juan Carlos And Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg- Members of the Capetian family, both from the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

Over the centuries, the Capetians spread throughout Europe and were at the head of the most different units, from kingdoms to estates. In addition to being the largest royal family in Europe, the Capetians are also one of the most incestuous, especially among the Spanish monarchs. Many years have passed since the Capetians ruled most of Europe, but still some members of this family remain kings and have many other titles.

Modern European kings

At present, the Capetians are at the head of the kingdom of Spain and Luxembourg. Prince Luis Alfonso de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou, another member of the family, is a pretender to the throne of France. In Europe, there are still various branches of the Capetian dynasty.