The influence of cartoons on the formation of a child's personality. The influence of cartoons on the formation of worldview views of younger schoolchildren The influence of animated and feature films
Play and cognitive development at an early age
Influence of parents on the success of children in school at primary school age
Parental style of education and its influence on the personality of the child
Motives for teaching a younger student and their role in the success of schooling
Bibliography
1. Influence on the behavior of children of primary school age of animated and feature films
Modern education has historically evolved as a system of transferring objective knowledge about the facts and patterns of the outside world. A child in such an educational system acts mainly as a subject of cognition, who is aware of the world through logical development through understanding, turning the facts of cognition into semantic categories, concepts devoid of expressive colors and emotional load. At the same time, the mass media, animated and feature films, fairy tales, children's literature, have a great influence on the formation of a child. computer games. Children, forgetting about everything, are ready to sit at the TV or computer all day long. Mass media not only entertain, but also shape various models behavior, cultivate certain value attitudes, orientate them towards certain life goals.
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Cartoon characters are different. All of them can be classified into the following categories:
Humanized animals (magic bee, mouse, etc.) that have distorted feelings, but do not reflect the feelings of a person.
Female characters (Candy, Charlotte, Isabella, Princess Zafirro, etc.) are lively and light in nature. But they are next to a sick hero who needs to be treated and loved. They are forced to sacrifice themselves. Failure is constantly emphasized in the cartoon: spontaneity is punished, love comes to an end, parents die, a hearty friend betrays ... You can achieve happiness if you sacrifice yourself. Absolute altruism - that's the rule that must be respected according to these films.
. "Unreal" people. Characters such as Gibernello, Princess Aurora, Lulu, Sally, Ben and others are only partially human: someone in the body has one mechanical part, someone is a relative of aliens, someone has a monster skin under ordinary skin, etc. .d. All of them are endowed with strange abilities. In the part where they are people, they are vulnerable. Where they represent something else, they are invincible. It is these properties that allow them to save themselves and friends in dangerous situations. The child admires such a character, he envies him, he regrets that he is only a man and cannot do something great.
Mechanical monsters, robots, superheroes that are simply impossible to defeat. Their mission is to save them from an invasion from the galaxy. Man bows before the Great Robot, who defeats the enemy. Victory does not come to him through intelligence, cunning, kindness, or what is a human gift. He wins only because he is on a different level of technicalism. The child is obliged to deny his own inner strength, he must adapt to the general standard, respecting someone alien, extraterrestrial as the absolute leader. The child goes through a process when he, as it were, betrays his inner, natural "I".
A healthy child is captured by cartoons through natural curiosity. The robotic child makes contact with something that is identical to what is inside him, but when the cartoon ends, the child feels empty. The symbols on the screen, as it were, absorbed his emotions, and as for the child's energy, it went to waste, into an empty symbol. The effect of the uselessness of such a film can be confirmed by how, later in the game, the child begins to imitate his favorite character. Such a game is stereotyped, it does not have the creative novelty inherent in a healthy game. An adult can intervene in this process, helping the child to identify the discrepancy between the video and audio sequences and the emotional manifestations of the characters, showing the one-sidedness of plots and characters. L. Lorinzelli talks about how she managed to crush the myth of the famous, sensational cartoon heroine - the beautiful, noble, sweet, but such an unhappy girl Candy. She showed the children present at the screening that what they saw was not beauty, but stupidity, that the heroine's behavior was false and became the only source of her troubles and misfortunes. The children understood this very well.
It is no coincidence that cartoons are loved by children of all ages. Bright, spectacular, imaginative, on the one hand, and simple, unobtrusive, accessible on the other hand, cartoons are close in their developing, educational capabilities to a fairy tale, game, live human communication. Cartoon characters show the child a variety of ways to interact with the outside world. They form the baby's primary ideas about good and evil, the standards of good and bad behavior. By comparing himself with his favorite characters, the child has the opportunity to learn to perceive himself positively, to cope with his fears and difficulties, and to treat others with respect.
But cartoons are different - there are kind ones, without blood and violence, in which songs about friendship are sung. And there are those whose plot is completely built on fights, battles, shootings, murders.
The main characters of American cartoons are aggressive, they seek to harm others, often maim or kill other characters, and the details of a cruel, aggressive attitude are repeated many times, revealed in detail, "savored". The consequence of watching such a cartoon may be a manifestation of cruelty, ruthlessness, aggression by a child in real life.
Deviant, that is, deviant behavior of cartoon characters is not punished by anyone. No one spanks a character who violates generally accepted rules, does not put him in a corner, does not say that this cannot be done. As a result, the idea of the admissibility of such forms of behavior is fixed in the small viewer, taboos are removed, the standards of good and bad deeds, acceptable and unacceptable behavior are shaken.
There are a number of features that are inherent in almost all American animated films. Almost all information the child perceives in the form of images. And the most important is the image of a woman, a girl, a girl. Looking at cartoon heroines, girls absorb stereotypes of future behavior, and boys form a matrix, which they will unconsciously strive for when choosing a life partner, the mother of their future children. And it's not so much about appearance, but about mentality.
"The influence of animated films on behavior
children of primary school age"
The injection of morality is done only in childhood ...
M. Bulgakov
Children today are different from children of previous generations. On the one hand, they are more liberated, on the other hand, unrestrained and selfish. What has changed the modern child? The formation of a person's personality begins in early childhood, the main means of influencing the development of children at an early age are animated films.
Animated films play a significant role in the development of the child, as they are involved in preparing him for later life. For a child, the appearance of a cartoon doll is of particular importance. Positive characters should be cute or even beautiful, and negative characters should be vice versa.In the case when all the characters are terrible, ugly, scary, regardless of their role, the child does not have clear guidelines for evaluating their actions.
According to studies conducted back in the 60s of the twentieth century, scenes of cartoon violence seen by children increase their aggressiveness and form not the best character traits.
Behind last years appears on television a large number of various animated films, both domestic and foreign, mostly American, production. New technologies for creating cartoons (computer graphics, various special effects, etc.) raise many questions. If the old puppet and cartoon cartoons were natural, both in terms of production and perception, and did not harm the unsettled psyche of the child, then modern cartoons are often devoid of aesthetic and ethical content, the characters in them show an extreme degree of aggression.
The question arises, do cartoons affect the emotional state and behavior of the child? What cartoons should children watch? These questions are of interest not only to psychologists and teachers, but also to parents.
Modern cartoons can have a negative impact on the younger student by the content, the quality of modern animation: excessive volume, viewing duration, age-appropriate content, lack of necessary viewing control by teachers and parents.
Studies conducted among younger schoolchildren have shown that watching domestic cartoons has a positive effect on the behavior of children, they become more active, kindness, honesty and love for relatives and friends are manifested. It also turned out that there is a significant difference in the behavior of children when watching foreign cartoons, namely: children do not have childish aggression, but sometimes phobias.
The results obtained suggest reflections on the influence of foreign cartoons on the development and formation of the psyche of the younger generation.
Children repeat what they see in cartoons, this is a consequence of identification. Identifying themselves with a creature, deviant behavior, which is not punished or even condemned in any way on the screen, children imitate him and learn his aggressive behavior patterns.
On the one hand, favorite cartoon characters form the child's primary ideas about good and evil, standards of good and bad behavior. By comparing himself with his favorite characters, a junior student has the opportunity to learn positively, to perceive himself, to cope with his fears and difficulties, and to treat others with respect. The events taking place in the cartoon allow you to educate children: raise their awareness, develop thinking and imagination, shape their worldview.
On the other hand, most of the products of the American factory are not harmless, there is a big difference between domestic old cartoons and foreign ones (from American to Japanese). Behind this difference lie deep differences in the picture of the world.Soviet cartoons reflect the correct picture of the world for a child. Evil in this picture of the world is not eternal, but eternal - good. And in this kind picture of the world there is a negative character who, as a rule, is easily re-educated. In foreign cartoons, the world, the background against which the events of the cartoon take place, lies hopelessly in evil. And evil, as a rule, is destroyed physically.
For example, the seemingly harmless and well-known Tom and Jerry. Cat Tom is chasing Jerry the mouse, choosing the most sophisticated methods of destroying the poor mouse, while the mouse, meanwhile, is also trying to take revenge on the no less poor cat. And for sure, the child will do the same as these two funny and cute characters. Since the parents gave this funny cartoon to watch, it means that there is nothing wrong here. So you can beat and joke on those who are weaker.
It is necessary to regulate the frequency of viewing by schoolchildren of various Western and domestic cartoons. From studies conducted, 94% of children watch cartoons every day. A good cartoon should be a reward, a holiday.
And, finally, it is at primary school age that the moral qualities of the child are formed, so you should choose cartoons that the child should watch.
1. Communication with the blue screen should not exceed 1.5 hours per day.
2. Mandatory discussion of the content of the viewed cartoons in order to find out the correct perception of what is happening on the screen.
3. The cartoon will not replace the live communication of a child with an adult.
Conference: XXV Student International Correspondence Scientific and Practical Conference "Youth Scientific Forum: Humanities"
Section: 6. Pedagogy.
Sitkova Anastasia Viktorovna
student of Adyghe state university, Russian Federation, Republic of Adygea, Maikop
Apish Fatima Nurbievna
scientific supervisor, Ph.D. ped. Sciences, Assoc. Adygea State University, Russian Federation, Republic of Adygea, Maikop
Everyone knows how great the influence of cartoons on children is. But few people think about whether viewing this or that animated product will benefit the child? In fact, more often than not, the opposite happens.
To study this topic, we analyzed various sources to reveal the concepts of "morality", as well as "morality". Morality is the acceptance of responsibility for one's actions. Morality is based on free will. Unlike morality, which is an external requirement for the behavior of an individual, along with the law, morality is an internal attitude of an individual to act in accordance with his conscience.
Moral (moral) values are what the ancient Greeks called "ethical virtues". The ancient sages considered prudence, benevolence, courage, and justice to be the main of these virtues. Honesty, fidelity, respect for elders, diligence, patriotism are revered as moral values among all peoples. And although in life people do not always show such qualities, they are highly valued by people, and those who possess them are respected. These values, presented in their impeccable, absolutely complete and perfect expression, act as ethical ideals.
It is clear that moral values and ideals, on the one hand, and moral regulations and norms, on the other, are inextricably linked. Any moral value presupposes the presence of appropriate regulators of behavior aimed at it. And any moral regulator implies the existence of a value to which it is directed. But can cartoons influence the morality of children? Our opinion - still as they can.
The variety of cartoons is great. Of particular popularity, however, are foreign-made cartoons - Japanese or American. And the reason is ridiculously simple - there are more of them, and they are more spectacular, brighter. It is impossible to unequivocally say that foreign animated products are worse than Soviet / Russian ones, here it is specifically worth analyzing each cartoon. However, sadly, it is cartoons from abroad that cause more negativity among parents and teachers.
In my work with children, I encountered aggressive and sometimes incomprehensible plots of children's games. After art classes, walks, observations, I conducted a survey among parents and children. The survey consisted of several questions. Let's give examples of some of them.
How much time do you devote your child to watching cartoons?
1. What is your baby's favorite cartoon(s)?
2. Does he often play outside, with other children, at home with toys?
3. Does the child have alarming behavior, quick mood swings, recklessly spoken aggressive phrases?
4. Does the child ask to watch the cartoon or is it your initiative?
The survey involved 44 parents and 46 children. Based on the analysis of the results obtained in the survey of parents, it is possible to form a certain picture. Parents, as a rule, offer their children to watch cartoons. However, only 2% of the respondents watch cartoons with their children. The same 2% sometimes comment on certain points so that the child understands the essence of what he is watching. Parents give their children from three to five hours a day to watch cartoons! Unfortunately, this is due to insufficient free time for parents, and life in the city rarely allows you to let a child go out alone. And on the street, other children may not meet, because they are exactly the same sitting at the screens.
68% of respondents (30 people) noted that their children sometimes have strange remarks taken from a particular cartoon or animated series. And also the child sometimes associates himself with some hero, a warrior, who, as a rule, eliminate their enemies not by moralizing or trying to teach a lesson, but by force.
Among the most popular cartoon products, which were noted by the interviewed children and parents, are: "Spider-Man", "Transformers", "Winx", "SpongeBob", "Smurfs", "Fixies", "Luntik", "Turtles- Ninja”, “Life and Adventures of a Teenage Robot”, “Masha and the Bear”. The most popular cartoons "for boys" - they also represent the greatest danger. In each series there are fights, rudeness, showdowns that the heroes cope with using strength, less often wit. In our opinion, "Luntik" and "Fixies" should be included among the positive and developing cartoons. "Masha and the Bear" is quite popular among children and even adults, which is good news - after all, this is a domestic product. But most often, Masha’s behavior can hardly be called correct, and she does not fit the role of a “good and well-mannered child.”
12% of parents (5 people) sometimes try to include Soviet cartoons for their children (“Well, wait a minute!”, “Three from Prostokvashino”, “Kitten named Woof”, “Kuzya Brownie”), but they also note something that they liked themselves in their childhood, not recognized by their children. The main reason why Soviet cartoons lose to foreign ones is "dullness". The brilliance of pictures, plots, special effects, characters are more for foreign production. Not only do children try to watch only the above-mentioned cartoons and animated series, but they also prefer toys based on these cartoons, school supplies, clothes with "heroic" prints, and so on.
We asked our parents to make small concessions to us and for two weeks exclude foreign cartoons and animated series from viewing children (except for some Disney ones, like Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Rapunzel, Frozen). The parents definitely refused to switch to Soviet cartoons, under the pretext that not only were dim cartoons, but they were also “old, primitive”.
For two or three days the children became stubborn and refused to watch Soviet and Russian cartoons, calling them "uninteresting." After three days and more, the most preferred cartoons and animated series began to appear, such as Smeshariki, Fixies, Alyosha Popovich and other heroes. Thanks to the full-length films about Russian heroes, the children became interested in our history, they asked questions about clothes, life, old ways. Three children first met Carlson, Cheburashka and Uncle Styopa. The plots of the games, of course, have diversified, mood swings have become smoother.
We are well aware that it is physically difficult for parents to preview this or that cartoon. And even more so what is shown on children's (and not only) channels. But we can't stop not asking them for it.
In Soviet times (and this is more good than bad), everything that appeared on the screen was subject to control, which is absent now. If you want to show any cartoon novelty to your child, watch the trailer about it and key scenes.
As we have already noted, unlimited viewing of unfiltered cartoons affects the child's aggressiveness, limited game plots, and nervousness. But how to make the cartoon useful?
Watch some cartoons with your kids. The cartoon should cause only positive emotions, a smile. After watching the children, if they joke and are in a great mood, leave this cartoon for further viewing. If, when viewing, the children are in suspense, frown, then in the future avoid these cartoons. A few years ago, studies were carried out on the influence of children's cartoons (both domestic and foreign) on the minds of young viewers. It turned out that most of the Western products of this kind “zombify” (orient) children to distrust the world around them, form hostility, individualism, aggressiveness, and prudence in them, while domestic cartoons, on the contrary, instill trust in people, collectivism, and an orientation towards mutual assistance. , friendly relations, love for parents. However, not everyone holds this point of view. Studying the material on this issue on the Internet, on one of the sites we met the following "Analysis of Soviet cartoons". We give an analysis of one of the cartoons verbatim: “Well, wait a minute!” The plot is extremely simple. A muzhik gopnik-wolf in family shorts and a vest, apparently personifies a simple Russian man. For twenty episodes, this man has been trying to catch for his lustful purposes a nymphet girl from an intelligent family, depicted by the creators of the animated series as a “cute bunny” (a popular “Playboy” symbol of seduction in the West). The man in this cartoon is depicted as a degenerate and every time he turns out to be a fool from the frills of an eccentric person. Each series weighs down his body with a mandatory physical injury, or a mutilation that he inflicts on himself, as a result of hunting for a long-eared nymphet. In addition to this "playful", absolutely not childish plot, the entire cartoon is a slander on the Soviet reality of the 70-80s. - broken roads on which the wolf makes his unsuccessful pursuit of a dream; plundered construction sites, where a simple Russian wolf works hard until this jumping bunny wanders onto the object; stupid policemen depicted as stupid toothy beavers, etc.” . We strongly disagree with this!
Speaking about the old, "Soviet" cartoons, we can say that they present a "normal picture of the world for a child." In these cartoons there are both positive and negative characters. However, "good here conquers evil", negative characters are easily re-educated, realize their mistakes and become good. They give children with communication problems (of which there are a lot now) the right behaviors: how to make friends, how to be a good friend, how to help others.
To complete all of the above, I would like to add that not a single cartoon can replace parents and live communication with peers. If you want to raise your child to be sociable, kind, sympathetic, to develop him spiritually, then, if possible, deny yourself the pleasure of occupying all his free time by sitting at the screen. Well, if this fails, then in our article you can see recommendations that we would advise every parent and every teacher to take note of. Let's develop children and develop together with them, and then there will be a little more good in our world.
Bibliography.
The modern era makes it possible to use all the benefits of civilizations. They greatly facilitate everyday life, improve the quality of life and increase the possibility of obtaining information. One of the important information sources of our time is television. It should be noted that through programs, clips, commercials, feature films and animated films, information is transmitted not in a pure, abstract form, but in an already processed form, which is designed to form the perception of a particular phenomenon, to create a certain point of view. If an adult person to some extent can filter and analyze the information provided to him, then the child is completely receptive to the information flow. And therein lies the great danger!
It would seem, what kind of danger can carry bright animated pictures flashing on the screen?
However, any works, whether it be music, a story or a cartoon, carry a certain semantic load, and the formation of personality directly depends on the content of these works.
In modern conditions, children have the opportunity to watch a variety of cartoons at any time. While the child is passionate about the cartoon, parents get free time in which they can do their own thing. However, leaving the baby in front of the screen, be sure to pay attention to what exactly will be broadcast at that moment, and what idea the child can take after watching this or that cartoon.
Modern animation.
Modern animation for the most part has ceased to be art. If in the era of the USSR the cartoon necessarily performed an educational or cognitive function, then at present the cartoon is more like a vivid spectacle, at best without any semantic content, at worst, it instills wrong values or has an "adult" overtones.
The main aspects that have a negative impact on children:
Raising aggression.
When watching cartoons, the main characters are the center of attention of the child, therefore, their behavior model is perceived. For example, in the cartoon "Tom and Jerry" there is a constant rivalry between a cat and a mouse, and they compete not in positive things, but in who outwits whom faster, hits harder, surreptitiously trips, etc. The conclusions about what the child will draw from watching this cartoon suggest themselves: offending those who are weaker is fun, to increase the fun, it’s not a sin to deceive, put a bandwagon on a friend, give a kick.
Sexual undertones.
Modern animation is replete with images of the adult world. The image of the princess is becoming more and more sexy, her attractive feminine features are emphasized: a thin waist, large breasts, wide hips. The familiar behavior of the characters, frank flirting, excessive coquetry, and intoxicating kisses are also surprising. All this is a clear overkill for children's perception, because the child is not yet able to fully understand what sexual relations are. Therefore, the protrusion of these aspects in animated films is unnecessary.
"Cartoon Mania"
A large number of cartoons in the public domain often leads to the formation of cartoon addiction. In addition, modern animators also add fuel to the fire by creating animated series. Gradually, the child gets hooked on watching cartoons, and it becomes very difficult to tear him away from the screen. Doing real things is more difficult: reading books, playing with friends - all this requires some effort. Children in the process of games often have to quarrel, sort things out, be offended, put up. And watching a cartoon eliminates such life nuances. Bright painted friends will perfectly brighten up your leisure time, while you don’t need to share toys or build relationships with them. Children gradually get used to cartoons so much that it is not easy to replace cartoons with a real thing, tantrums begin, attempts to win back their right to unlimited viewing of cartoons.
How to deal with the negative influence of cartoons?
First rule.
Choose cartoons for your child carefully. Children should be shown only those cartoons in which the correct guidelines are given: kindness, mutual assistance, diligence, compassion. Pay attention to the old Soviet cartoons: "Cat Leopold"; "Prostokvashino"; "Cheburashka and Crocodile Gena"; "Winnie the Pooh"; cartoons from the series "Merry Carousel"; "On the Road with Clouds", "A Gift for an Elephant", "Mowgli", "38 Parrots".
Second rule.
Dosed viewing of cartoons. Allow your child to watch 1-2 cartoons no more than 1-2 times a day. At the same time, pay attention to how much time you yourself spend in front of the TV screen. If the TV works for days, then no matter how you forbid watching cartoons, the child will still subconsciously perceive your behavior model. He will believe that this is the right way of life. Therefore, adult family members should also dose TV viewing.
Third rule.
By cutting down on TV time, you get a lot of free time. Accordingly, the question arises about the organization of leisure. Free time can be spent on joint walks; reading interesting books; visits, concerts, exhibitions, zoos; needlework; drawing; It is also useful to arrange active games in the fresh air.
Why cartoons are dangerous for children
Psychologists say that modern animation harms children. We found out exactly what.
When a child appears in the family, parents willy-nilly begin to watch cartoons. It would seem that it is easier to buy a disc of proven Soviet cartoons and calm down. But who said that your baby will, like you, be touched with delight, looking at the adventures of Cheburashka or Uncle Fedor from Prostokvashino? Completely different characters live in his society - supermen, penguins, cars, smeshariki and similar creatures. And if you want to understand your child, you will have to get to know them. Otherwise, he will have nothing to talk about in the sandbox and kindergarten.
However, I noticed more than once that my 5-year-old Rostik, after watching some cartoons, began to bite or sleep badly. To ban watching cartoons is unrealistic. At this age, the remote control for a child is a favorite toy, and it is not possible to take it away. In addition, psychologists believe that if the human soul is drawn to watching this film, it means that the soul needs something from this film. “The task of the parent is to figure out exactly what emotions drive the child and how to properly place them, throw them out. And it is advisable to discuss each cartoon viewing with the baby, especially if he is only 2 to 5 years old, what is good and what is bad here, so that he does not adopt some kind of negative image or element of behavior. In this case, none will be dangerous and harmful.
What exactly should you pay attention to when watching your favorite cartoon with your child? To understand this, we found out the reaction and impressions of a 5-year-old child, Rostik, about them. After that, Olga Stashuk, a child psychologist from the Ukrainian Institute of Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, was asked to describe each of his favorite cartoons.
Source
The dangers of cartoons: "Luntik" brings up a victim in a child
Frame from the cartoon "Luntik"
There was a period when Rostik watched Luntik regularly in the morning after breakfast. It was enough for exactly one series, then he asked me to switch to something more dynamic. At first I could not understand: “Luntik, who is this, an elephant?”. And when he found out that Luntik lives on the moon, he asked: “What, is the moon purple?”
Many scold "Luntik" for the fact that main character"not a hare, not a frog, but an unknown little animal." After all, a cartoon for children from 3 years old should be as close as possible to real images. Although identifying himself with a fantasy character, the child is looking for his originality. However, the "drivers" - the installations of "Luntik" - are unequivocally unhealthy. For example, the attitude: “I must be good for everyone. Love must be earned." He brings up the victim and the desire to "not be himself", to please and meet the requirements of society as much as possible. As a result, Luntik is so good that he starts to feel sick.
ADVICE TO PARENTS. If your child is quiet and correct, like Luntik, then it is worth commenting on some fragments, expressing natural emotions, for example: “But I would be angry here!”. Source
The dangers of cartoons: "Masha and the Bear" brings up a sadist in a child
The psychotherapist commented on the child's reaction to favorite cartoons.
Frame from the cartoon "Masha and the Bear"
What exactly to pay attention to when watching with a child his favorite cartoon? To understand this, we found out the reaction and impressions of their viewing of a 5-year-old child - Rostik. After that, Olga Stashuk, a child psychologist from the Ukrainian Institute of Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, was asked to describe each of his favorite cartoons.
"Masha and the Bear" is one of Rostik's favorite cartoons. The disc, on which the series are recorded, was stared at holes and rewritten more than once. While watching, Rostik jumps around the room, plays noisily with cars, jumps on the sofa and has a lot of fun. Somehow he begged for a plastic part from a syringe (without a needle) and ran after everyone shouting “Come on, let's get treated!”
Olga Stashuk, consultant psychologist:
A classic example of sadomasochism, where there is a victim (Bear) and a little sadist (Masha). Identifying with Masha, the child experiences a triumph from the fact that internally "takes over", "makes" adults. Thus, he splashes out all the accumulated emotions out. Masha is a kind of "broadcaster" of children's sabotage, and completely spontaneous. With all her behavior, she demands: “What else can I do to stop me?”. A positive, natural, but generally destructive child.
Each of us dreams of being in the role of Masha - and this is the success of the animated series. In the role of the Bear - the perfect victim - there are more often grandparents who allow everything and forgive everything to their grandson. As a rule, after staying with their grandmothers, parents, like the Bear, clutch their heads for several days and do not know what to do with their child. Any spontaneity borders on the rules that the child needs to accept. Acceptance of rules is our price for life in society.
ADVICE TO PARENTS. After watching Masha, a child, especially under the age of 6, can become more active, more spontaneous. This must be skillfully dosed, directed in a creative direction. Ask questions: “Don’t you feel sorry for Mishka? Do you think Mishka is hurting here? Here I am angry with Masha, and you?
Cartoon Perils: SpongeBob makes kids dumb
The psychotherapist commented on the child's reaction to favorite cartoons.
Frame from the cartoon "SpongeBob"
What exactly to pay attention to when watching with a child his favorite cartoon? To understand this, we found out the reaction and impressions of their viewing of a 5-year-old child - Rostik. After that, Olga Stashuk, a child psychologist from the Ukrainian Institute of Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, was asked to describe each of his favorite cartoons.
Usually active and agile, Rostik watched Sponge almost without moving. And at some point he asked: “What, can I eat a flashlight?”. It turned out that in the series the hero swallowed a flashlight and lit it from the inside. I had to urgently turn off the TV and tell him that Bob was joking and you shouldn’t do that.
Olga Stashuk, consultant psychologist:
There is no point in the series, the jokes are extremely primitive: they knocked each other on the head, threw ice cream into the glass. Sponge and his friend could not get on the bus ten times, because in the queue Sponge either fell asleep, then stuck a candy in his ear, then ate a flashlight. All that comes to the child's mind after watching is to stick something in his ear. Which, you see, is quite dangerous. The most base humor, comparable to laughter from beating with a sledgehammer on the head. I think the world of autists is richer and more logical than the world of SpongeBob. If the task of a parent is to stupefy a child, then SpongeBob is the best assistant. By the way, in the state of Virginia, an experiment was conducted: a group of preschoolers were shown several episodes of one cartoon, and then they were tested for concentration, aggressiveness, and hyperactivity. After "SpongeBob" children showed the worst results.
ADVICE TO PARENTS. Do not show to children under 10 years old in the hope that later he will not be interested at all.
The dangers of cartoons: "Smeshariki" negatively show girls
The psychotherapist commented on the child's reaction to favorite cartoons.
Frame from the cartoon "Smeshariki"
What exactly to pay attention to when watching with a child his favorite cartoon? To understand this, we found out the reaction and impressions of their viewing of a 5-year-old child - Rostik. After that, Olga Stashuk, a child psychologist from the Ukrainian Institute of Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, was asked to describe each of his favorite cartoons.
The disk with the TV series "Smeshariki" was presented to Rostik for his birthday. However, even one episode the kid could not finish watching. He asked me to turn it off and not put it on again. To the question "Why?" said: "I'm bored, let's not watch it."
Olga Stashuk, consultant psychologist:
"Smeshariki" has received many awards and is considered "certified" for showing to kids. The model of the world here, indeed, is positive, somewhere in common with Winnie the Pooh. However, there may be a problem with the identification of characters, you need to turn on your imagination and guess what kind of animal, say, Pin and Kopatych. They seem to be good characters, there is nothing negative. The topics are interesting, but there is no particular denouement. For example, in Bad Omens, one of the characters read books about omens and forced them in every possible way. "You're about to crash because you have the number 13 on your scooter." There is increased anxiety. As a result, piggy Nyusha comes and says that this is all nonsense. It doesn't explain why or what to do. As a result, bad omens remained bad for the child. And what he should do is unclear. "Smeshariki" are good for school age, when the child already knows what irony is.
And another moment. The only female character in the cartoon, Nyusha (piggy), is drawn rather negatively. This is the dominant type of woman. If the male characters are calm, thoughtful, intellectual, then Nyusha is a little bitch who leads everyone. If there was another antipode image, it would somehow be smoothed out. That is healthy female model not shown here. In a word, the idea is good, but for the children's perception of kids, it is not fully thought out.
ADVICE TO PARENTS. If a child preschool age, then it is better to watch Smeshariki with an adult and be sure to discuss it later. Ask, for example, what the episode was about, what you liked, whose behavior surprised you, etc.
Cartoon Perils: 'Spiderman' Raises Anxiety
The psychotherapist commented on the child's reaction to favorite cartoons.
Cartoon Spiderman
What exactly to pay attention to when watching with a child his favorite cartoon? To understand this, we found out the reaction and impressions of their viewing of a 5-year-old child - Rostik. After that, Olga Stashuk, a child psychologist from the Ukrainian Institute of Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, was asked to describe each of his favorite cartoons.
After watching the Spider-Man series, Rostik could not sleep for a long time, rushing around the room, portraying a spiderman. At night, he fought and quarreled with someone, even had to wake him up, because he almost fell out of bed. He said that he dreamed of spiders. He made me go around the whole house looking for live spiders. I found one in the corridor and did not calm down until we removed the spider with a vacuum cleaner.
Olga Stashuk, consultant psychologist:
"Spider-Man" can be extremely attractive for both boys and girls from 4 years old. The theme is old, but very popular - the game of a superhero, a hero who saves everyone and has remarkable abilities. The child needs to have a similar ideal model: for boys - a symbol of masculinity, for girls - the image of a protector. For older children, there is the topic of civic responsibility: you can’t pass by someone who is in trouble. And therein lies the big twist. When one person takes personal responsibility for everything that happens in the world and tries to reshape the whole world himself, this is a fixed idea. A superhero arises if the world is total evil and injustice, and after watching, excessive anxiety may arise.
Although in the case of Rostik, who is very calm by nature, “Spider-Man” can even be beneficial, letting the child understand that somewhere inside him there is a person who can fight back, defeat everyone, restore order and justice. It seems that in a dream he lives what he does not allow himself in Everyday life(Stand up for yourself, throw out resentment).
ADVICE TO PARENTS. Asking what a child would do in Spider-Man's place. Explain that the world needs to be studied, and not immediately changed. And that the child is not alone, like a cartoon character, but there are many people around who can help.
Danger of cartoons: "Penguins of Madagascar" cultivate "outhouse" humor
The psychotherapist commented on the child's reaction to favorite cartoons.
Frame from the cartoon "Penguins from Madagascar"
What exactly to pay attention to when watching with a child his favorite cartoon? To understand this, we found out the reaction and impressions of their viewing of a 5-year-old child - Rostik. After that, Olga Stashuk, a child psychologist from the Ukrainian Institute of Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, was asked to describe each of his favorite cartoons.
Rostik has a cartoon "Penguins from Madagascar" - the leader in views for the last two weeks. He asks to turn it on before going to the kindergarten, and after dinner at home. As soon as it starts, Rostik starts shouting throughout the room: “Skipper! Kowalski!" A new joke has also appeared: go up to mom or dad, bite on the hand or cheek, and then laugh maliciously for a long time.
Olga Stashuk, consultant psychologist:
Not a cartoon, but a godsend for a psychologist. The feeling that the characters are clearly defined by personality types and each penguin has its own diagnosis. The skipper is a paranoid martinet. The private is an optimist, looks at life with humor. Kowalski is an intellectual, an analyst. If you look at Freud, then the penguins are clearly stuck at the stage that children from 1.5 to 3 years old go through when they are taught to be neat, go to the toilet, wash their hands. Here, children's interest in sewage, the toilet bowl, super stinkers and so on is clearly written out. And this is very attractive to children, these are the topics of their discussions in the kindergarten. This is a good outlet for shame. Also positive and attractive is the coherence of the “penguin team”, their completion of any business.
From the negative - in the "Penguins" there is no semantic spectrum. What does this cartoon teach a child? In "Madagascar" a good message is to be yourself, to accept the other as he is, but in "Penguins" this semantic spectrum is not. The tasks that they come up with for themselves are completely ridiculous: movement for the sake of movement, action for the sake of action: let's do something fun and friendly, without understanding why. Not constructive.
ADVICE TO PARENTS. Ask the child which character he likes the most. Ask to describe - this will be the image of his inner "I". The way you want to see yourself. And this is the best diagnosis of his state of mind.
Source SourceThe influence of animated films on the process of socialization in preschool children
Today, along with the family and the education system, the most powerful objects of social influence on a person are increasingly referred to: print, radio, television, and the Internet.
Socialization is a special process of including a child in society, the process and result of assimilation, active reproduction by an individual of social experience. This process is carried out throughout a person's life, but the foundations of successful socialization are laid in childhood. Preschool childhood is a period of active mastery of the mechanisms of socialization, assimilation of norms social behavior, acquisition of social orientation, social role.
For successful adaptation, the child needs not only to master the skills of social communication, language social communication in its verbal and non-verbal forms, but also to determine the differences between the world of things and people, to find out the patterns of interaction, both with the objective world and with the social world.
The course of the process of socialization of preschool children is revealed through such indicators as: sex-role behavior; ability to resolve conflicts; self-awareness; self-esteem; assimilation of social information.
writes: “The models of behavior for children are, first of all, the adults themselves - their actions, . The most significant impact on the child is the behavior of his immediate surroundings. He is inclined to imitate them, to adopt their manners, to borrow their assessment of people, events, things. However, the matter is not limited to loved ones. The behavior of peers who are approved and popular in the children's group can also serve as a model for the child. Finally, the patterns of behavior presented in the actions of fairy-tale characters endowed with certain features are of considerable importance. Modern preschoolers come across fairy-tale characters on the pages of books, on television screens when watching feature films and, most often, animated films. Thus, the cartoon has become for the child today one of the main carriers and translators of ideas about the world, about the relationship between people and the norms of their behavior.
At present, due to the rapid development of the media, there is a constant increase in channels on television, and the number of foreign feature and animated films is increasing.
Modern animation has a number of the following features: brightness and figurativeness; brevity and dynamism of the change of images; the presence of real and fantastic, good and evil forces; animism (animation of inanimate objects, endowing animals and plants with human abilities).
The influence of animated films on preschoolers can be explained by the action of psychological mechanisms: infection, and imitation.
Contagion is the process of transferring an emotional state from one individual to another. In relation to preschoolers, cartoon characters can act as carriers of a certain emotional state or behavior. The animated film helps to immerse the child in a special emotional state, makes it possible to emotionally contact with the characters, which the child urgently needs due to his age.
Suggestion is the impact on a person by verbal or non-verbal means that cause certain states, create some sensations, form ideas. The cartoon demonstrates not only the emotional states experienced by its characters, but also forms stereotypes of behavior and resolution of situations. Its imagery and brightness enhances suggestion, as it meets the needs of a preschooler.
The next mechanism is imitation. Imitation is following an example, a model. In a preschooler, imitation is extremely developed, since in this period the most important mechanisms of behavior develop through imitation. In this regard, preschoolers imitate the behavior of cartoon characters and use the methods of resolving situations demonstrated in cartoons. Moreover, the behavior of cartoon characters is perceived as correct and natural.
notes: “Some children (especially boys) at preschool age are internally guided by a negative standard in behavior. In their real actions, they behave in accordance with social expectations, but at the same time they often emotionally identify with people (or characters) who are characterized by negative forms of behavior.
In general, it can be noted that animated films form children's primary ideas about good and evil, standards of good and bad behavior. By comparing himself with his favorite characters, the child has the opportunity to learn to perceive himself positively, to cope with his fears and difficulties, and to treat others with respect. The events taking place in the cartoon allow you to educate children: raise awareness, develop thinking and imagination, form a worldview.
Here are examples of the psychological meaning of famous cartoons:
"Cheburashka and Crocodile Gena" (1969-1983), "Baby Raccoon" (1974), "Lost and Found" (1982), "Smurfs" (1981-1990, Belgium, USA), "The Adventure of Luntik and his friends" (2006 , Russia), Valiant. Feathered special forces "(2005, USA) - the ability to be friends, altruism, respect and love for others, mutual assistance.
"Three from Prostokvashino" (1980), "The Adventure of Brownie Kuzi" (1982), - friendliness, independence, thrift.
"Larry and his team" (2008, Australia) - teamwork, home and environment friendly.
"Cinderella" (1979) - diligence, tolerance, finding a loved one, a friend.
"Mom for a mammoth" (1981), "Finding Nemo" (2003 USA, Australia) - love for parents and children, the value of the family.
"K.O.A. P.P." (1984), "Lessons of Aunt Owl" (Russia, Ukraine. 2006) - knowledge of the world around, the concept of "I - you", coexistence, commonwealth.
However, the plots of modern cartoons often contain completely non-childish components: fights, death, murder, criminal showdowns. For example: "Transformers", "Spider-Man", "Super-man", "Ninja Turtles".
Consider possible consequences influences of such cartoons:
- the main characters of the cartoon are aggressive, they seek to harm others, often maim or kill other characters, and the details of a cruel, aggressive attitude are repeated many times, revealed in detail. The consequence of watching such a cartoon can be a manifestation of cruelty, ruthlessness, aggression by a child in real life. cartoon characters are not punished by anyone. As a result, the idea of the admissibility of such forms of behavior is fixed in the preschooler, the standards of good and bad deeds, acceptable and unacceptable behavior are loosened. forms of behavior that are dangerous for the life of the child are demonstrated, which in reality is inexpedient and dangerous to repeat. Viewing such role models can result in a decrease in the threshold of sensitivity to danger for the child, and therefore potential injuries. forms of non-standard gender-role behavior are broadcast: male beings behave like female representatives and vice versa, put on inappropriate clothes, show a special interest in characters similar in gender. Preschool age is a period of active sexual identification of the child. scenes of disrespectful attitude towards people, animals, plants are common. Unpunished mockery is shown, for example, over old age, weakness, helplessness, weakness. The effect of systematic viewing of such cartoons is manifested in the form of cynical statements, indecent gestures, obscene behavior, rudeness of the child. unsympathetic and sometimes even ugly characters are used. According to the child, the appearance of a cartoon doll is of particular importance. Positive characters should be likable or even beautiful, while negative characters should be the other way around. In the case when all the characters are terrible, ugly, scary, regardless of their role, the child does not have clear guidelines for evaluating their actions. In addition, when a child is forced to imitate, to identify himself with an unsympathetic main character, the child’s inner self-perception inevitably suffers.
To clarify the impact of animated films on the socialization of a preschooler, a survey of parents was conducted on the topic "The role of cartoons in the life of a modern preschooler", the results of which are presented below.
The study involved 38 parents. Each parent brings up a child of preschool age from 2 to 6 years. Out of 38 children: 23 boys, 15 girls; all parents participating in the study indicated that their child watches animated films. About 87% of preschoolers in this sample watch cartoons every day, and 50% of preschoolers spend an unlimited amount of time watching cartoons during the day, 26% of children spend one hour, and only 18% of children watch cartoons for no more than 20 minutes a day.
Children's preferences can be defined as follows: 40% of children often watch domestic cartoons, 18% foreign ones, 42% of preschoolers often watch both domestic and foreign cartoons. Parents noted that in general, children do not have any special preferences in choosing cartoons, they are ready to watch almost any. Therefore, what kind of cartoon the child will watch depends on the parents. However, the following results raise questions about whether parents always see and control what their children watch.
When choosing cartoons, parents are guided by the following factors: 45% - the meaning of the cartoon, 29% - entertainment, 13% - popularity, 13% of parents do not think about this issue.
The respondents' answers show that only 34% watch cartoons together with their child: 60% of parents sometimes, and 6% of parents do not watch cartoons with their child at all. 47% of the parents surveyed constantly discuss and analyze what they see in the cartoon, 47% of the respondents do this from time to time, 6% of the parents do not talk about the content of the cartoons they watch with their child.
In general, parents recognize the value of cartoons - 86% of parents believe that cartoons are necessary for the development and upbringing of children.
Parents identified the following positive qualities, the development of which is facilitated by watching cartoons: kindness, empathy, perseverance, prudence, respect, musicality, the ability to analyze situations, the need to share, friendship, courage, safety, various patterns of behavior, responsibility, love. Also, as positive results indicate the development of speech, memory, imagination, thinking, the opportunity for the child to receive new information, the development of values.
Parents also identified negative qualities of development that are promoted by watching cartoons: dependence, violence, aggression, distorted perception of reality, agitation, repetition of negative actions, fears, cruelty, irritability, repetition of negative words and actions.
To the question “Cartoons for you are…”, the following answers from parents were received: parents, child’s free time, entertainment, pleasant pastime, means of education, interesting fairy tale, good positive emotions, help in raising a child, rest, tranquility, childhood memories, childhood that you want to return, a fairy-tale world, a way to calm the child.
An analysis of the literature on this issue and the results of the survey indicates that the environment that surrounds the baby, what he sees, hears, undoubtedly affects his development and his socialization in society. A cartoon is one of the significant factors influencing a child of preschool age.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the cartoon itself is neither bad nor good; what a child will get out of watching a cartoon, what experience he will get, depends on adults.
Bibliography
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