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Andre Geim. Biography. Photo. Geim, Andrei Konstantinovich - biography The wife of Andrei Geim spoke about what Russian science lacks

Biography

Born in 1958 in Sochi, in a family of engineers of German origin with Jewish roots on his mother's side. In 1964 the family moved to Nalchik.

Father, Konstantin Alekseevich Game (1910-1998), since 1964 he worked as the chief engineer of the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant; mother, Nina Nikolaevna Bayer (born 1927), worked as chief technologist there.

In 1975, Andrey Geim graduated from secondary school No. 3 in the city of Nalchik with a gold medal and tried to enter MEPhI, but unsuccessfully (the German origin of the applicant was an obstacle). After working for 8 months at the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant, in 1976 he entered the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Until 1982, he studied at the Faculty of General and Applied Physics, graduated with honors (“four” in the diploma only in the political economy of socialism) and entered graduate school. In 1987, he received a PhD in physics and mathematics from the Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He worked as a researcher at the Institute of Solid State Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences and at the Institute for Problems of Microelectronics Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1990 he received a scholarship from the Royal Society of England and left Soviet Union. He worked at the University of Nottingham and also briefly at the University of Copenhagen before becoming Associate Professor and since 2001 at the University of Manchester. He is currently Head of the Manchester Center for "Meso-Science and Nanotechnology", as well as Head of the Department of Condensed Matter Physics.

Honorary Doctor of Delft technical university, ETH Zurich and the University of Antwerp. He has the title of "Professor Langworthy" of the University of Manchester (Langworthy Professor, among those awarded this title were Ernest Rutherford, Lawrence Bragg and Patrick Blackett).

In 2008, he received an offer to head the Max Planck Institute in Germany, but refused.

Subject of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. His wife, Irina Grigorieva (a graduate of the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys), worked, like Geim, at the Institute of Solid State Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and is currently working with her husband in the laboratory of the University of Manchester.

After Geim was awarded the Nobel Prize, the intention to invite him to work at Skolkovo was announced. Game said: At the same time, Game said that he had no Russian citizenship and feels comfortable in the UK, expressing skepticism about the Russian government's project to create an analogue of Silicon Valley in the country.

Scientific achievements

Geim's achievements include the creation of a biomimetic adhesive (glue), later known as gecko tape.

Also widely known is the experiment with, including the famous "flying frog", for which Game, together with the famous mathematician and theorist Sir Michael Berry, received the Ig Nobel Prize in 2000.

In 2004, Andrey Geim, together with his student Konstantin Novoselov, invented a technology for producing graphene, a new material that is a monatomic layer of carbon. As it turned out in the course of further experiments, graphene has a number of unique properties: it has increased strength, conducts electricity as well as copper, surpasses all known materials in thermal conductivity, is transparent to light, but at the same time dense enough not to miss even helium molecules - the smallest known molecules. All this makes it a promising material for a number of applications, such as the creation of touch screens, light panels and, possibly, solar panels.

For this discovery (Great Britain) in 2007 awarded Game. He also received the prestigious EuroPhysics Prize (together with Konstantin Novoselov). In 2010, the invention of graphene was also awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, which Geim also shared with Novoselov.

Some publications

Andrey Geim is fond of mountain tourism. Elbrus became his first “five-thousander”, and his favorite mountain is Kilimanjaro.

The scientist has a peculiar sense of humor. One of the confirmations of this is an article on diamagnetic levitation, in which the co-author of Game was his favorite hamster ("hamster") Tisha. Game himself on this occasion stated that the hamster's contribution to the levitation experiment was more immediate. Subsequently, this work was used in obtaining a Ph.D.

Notes

Literature

G. Brumfiel. Graphene speeds pair to Stockholm win // Nature.- Vol. 467, P. 642 (2010).
A. Cho. Still in Its Infancy, Two-Dimensional Crystal Claims Prize // Science.- Vol. 330, P. 159 (2010).
D. Bukhvalov. Nobel carbon type // Trinity option.- No. 64, S. 4 (12.10.2010).
Mikhail Katsnelson: “They did what is forbidden by textbooks” // Trinity option.- No. 64, S. 4-5 (12.10.2010).
E. S. Reich. Nobel document triggers debate // Nature.- Vol. 468, P. 486 (2010).
Y. Hancock. The 2010 Nobel Prize in physics-ground-breaking experiments on graphene // J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. - Vol. 44, P. 473001 (2011).

Links

Personal page on the website of the University of Manchester
Yu. Erin. Nobel Prize in Physics - 2010 // Elements.ru, 10/11/2010

Articles

Articles by Andrey Geim for 1981-1990. in the journal Letters to JETF
Articles by Andrey Geim in the journal "Uspekhi fizicheskikh nauk"
Publications in the Astrophysics Data System

Sir Andrei Konstantinovich Geim (born October 21, 1958, Sochi) is a Soviet, Dutch and British physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 (together with Konstantin Novoselov), a member of the Royal Society of London (since 2007), known primarily as one from the developers of the first method for obtaining graphene. On December 31, 2011, by decree of Queen Elizabeth II, for services to science, he was awarded the title of knight bachelor with the official right to add the title "sir" to his name.

Born in 1958 in Sochi, in a family of engineers of German origin (the only exception known to Geim among his German ancestors was his maternal great-great-grandmother, who was Jewish). Game considers himself European and believes that he does not need a more detailed "taxonomy". In 1964 the family moved to Nalchik.

Have you people gone crazy there? Do they think that if they give someone a bag of gold, then everyone can be invited?

Game Andrey Konstantinovich

In 1990 he received a scholarship from the Royal Society of England and left the Soviet Union. He worked at the University of Nottingham, the University of Bath and also briefly at the University of Copenhagen before becoming Associate Professor at the University of Nijmegen and, since 2001, at the University of Manchester. He is currently Head of the Manchester Center for "Meso-Science and Nanotechnology", as well as Head of the Department of Condensed Matter Physics.

Honorary doctorates from the Delft University of Technology, the ETH Zurich and the University of Antwerp. He has the title of "Professor Langworthy" of the University of Manchester (Eng. Langworthy Professor, among those awarded this title were Ernest Rutherford, Lawrence Bragg and Patrick Blackett).

Sir Andrei Konstantinovich Game is a Fellow of the Royal Society, fellow and British-Dutch physicist, born in Russia. Together with Konstantin Novoselov, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 for his work on graphene. He is currently Regius Professor and Director of the Center for Meso-Science and Nanotechnology at the University of Manchester.

Andrey Geim: biography

Born on October 21, 1958 in the family of Konstantin Alekseevich Geim and Nina Nikolaevna Bayer. His parents were Soviet engineers of German origin. According to Geim, his mother's grandmother was Jewish and he suffered from anti-Semitism because his last name sounds Jewish. Game has a brother Vladislav. In 1965, his family moved to Nalchik, where he studied at a school specializing in English language. After graduating with honors, he twice tried to enter MEPhI, but was not accepted. Then he applied to the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and this time he managed to enter. According to him, the students studied very hard - the pressure was so strong that often people broke down and left their studies, and some ended up with depression, schizophrenia and suicide.

Academic career

Andrei Geim received his diploma in 1982, and in 1987 he became a candidate of science in the field of metal physics from the Institute of Physics solid body RAS in Chernogolovka. According to the scientist, at that time he did not want to engage in this direction, preferring physics elementary particles or astrophysics, but today he is happy with his choice.

Geim worked as a researcher at the Institute of Microelectronics Technology at the Russian Academy of Sciences, and since 1990 - at the Universities of Nottingham (twice), Bath and Copenhagen. According to him, he could do research abroad, and not deal with politics, which is why he decided to leave the USSR.

Jobs in the Netherlands

Andrey Geim took his first full-time position in 1994, when he became an assistant professor at the University of Nijmegen, where he studied mesoscopic superconductivity. He later received Dutch citizenship. One of his graduate students was Konstantin Novoselov, who became his main research partner. However, according to Geim, his academic career in the Netherlands was far from rosy. He was offered professorships at Nijmegen and Eindhoven, but he turned it down because he found the Dutch academic system too hierarchical and full of petty politicking, it is completely different from the British one, where every employee is equal in rights. In his Nobel lecture, Game later said that this situation was a bit surreal, since outside the walls of the university he was warmly welcomed everywhere, including his supervisor and other scientists.

Moving to the UK

In 2001, Game became Professor of Physics at the University of Manchester, and in 2002 he was appointed Director of the Manchester Center for Meso-Science and Nanotechnology and Langworthy Professor. His wife and longtime collaborator Irina Grigorieva also moved to Manchester as a teacher. Later Konstantin Novoselov joined them. Since 2007, Game has been a Senior Fellow at the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council. In 2010, the University of Nijmegen appointed him Professor of Innovative Materials and Nanoscience.

Research

Geim managed to find a simple way to isolate a single layer of graphite atoms, known as graphene, in collaboration with scientists from the University of Manchester and IMT. In October 2004, the group published their findings in the journal Science.

Graphene consists of a layer of carbon, the atoms of which are arranged in the form of two-dimensional hexagons. It is the thinnest material in the world, as well as one of the strongest and hardest. The substance has many potential uses and is an excellent alternative to silicon. One of the first uses for graphene could be the development of flexible touchscreens, Geim said. He didn't patent new material because it would require a specific application and an industrial partner to do so.

The physicist was developing a biomimetic adhesive that became known as gecko tape due to the stickiness of the gecko's limbs. These studies are still in their early stages, but already give hope that in the future people will be able to climb ceilings like Spider-Man.

In 1997, Game studied the effect of magnetism on water, which led to the famous discovery of direct diamagnetic levitation of water, which became widely known due to the demonstration of a levitating frog. He also worked on superconductivity and mesoscopic physics.

On the choice of subjects for his research, Game said he despises the approach of many choosing a subject for their Ph.D. and then continuing the same subject until retirement. Before he got his first full-time position, he changed his subject five times, and this helped him learn a lot.

The history of the discovery of graphene

One autumn evening in 2002 Andrey Geim was thinking about carbon. He specialized in microscopically thin materials and wondered how the thinnest layers of matter could behave under certain experimental conditions. Graphite, composed of monatomic films, was an obvious candidate for research, but standard methods for isolating ultrathin samples would overheat and destroy it. So Game instructed one of his new graduate students, Da Jiang, to try to make a sample as thin as possible, even a few hundred layers of atoms, by polishing a graphite crystal one inch in size. A few weeks later, Jiang brought a grain of carbon in a petri dish. After examining it under a microscope, Game asked him to try again. Jiang said that this was all that was left of the crystal. While Game jokingly reproached him for a graduate student who had rubbed off a mountain to get a grain of sand, one of his senior comrades saw lumps of used tape in the wastebasket, the sticky side of which was covered with a gray, slightly shiny film of graphite residue.

In labs around the world, researchers use tape to test the adhesive properties of experimental samples. The layers of carbon that make up graphite are loosely bonded (since 1564 the material has been used in pencils, as it leaves a visible mark on paper), so that the adhesive tape easily separates the scales. Game placed a piece of duct tape under a microscope and found that the thickness of the graphite was thinner than what he had seen so far. By folding, squeezing and separating the tape, he managed to achieve even thinner layers.

Game was the first to isolate a two-dimensional material: a monatomic layer of carbon, which under an atomic microscope looks like a flat lattice of hexagons, resembling a honeycomb. Theoretical physicists called such a substance graphene, but they did not assume that it could be obtained with room temperature. It seemed to them that the material would disintegrate into microscopic balls. Instead, Game saw that the graphene remained in a single plane, which rippled as the matter stabilized.

Graphene: Remarkable Properties

Andrei Geim enlisted the help of graduate student Konstantin Novoselov, and they began to study the new substance fourteen hours a day. Over the next two years, they conducted a series of experiments, during which they discovered the amazing properties of the material. Because of its unique structure, electrons, without being influenced by other layers, can move through the lattice unhindered and unusually fast. The conductivity of graphene is thousands of times greater than that of copper. Game's first revelation was the observation of a pronounced "field effect" that occurs in the presence of an electric field, which allows control of conduction. This effect is one of the defining characteristics of silicon used in computer chips. This suggests that graphene could be a replacement that computer manufacturers have been looking for for years.

The path to recognition

Geim and Konstantin Novoselov wrote a three-page paper describing their discoveries. It was rejected twice by Nature, with one reviewer stating that isolating a stable two-dimensional material was impossible, and another not seeing it as "sufficient scientific progress". But in October 2004, an article titled "Electric field effect in atomic-thick carbon films" was published in the journal Science, making a great impression on scientists - before their eyes, fantasy became reality.

Avalanche of discoveries

Laboratories around the world have begun research using Geim's adhesive tape technique, and scientists have identified other properties of graphene. Although it was the thinnest material in the universe, it was 150 times stronger than steel. Graphene proved to be malleable, like rubber, and could stretch up to 120% of its length. Thanks to the research of Philip Kim, and then scientists at Columbia University, it was found that this material is even more electrically conductive than previously found. Kim put graphene in a vacuum where no other material could slow down the movement of its subatomic particles, and showed that it has "mobility" - the speed at which an electric charge travels through a semiconductor - 250 times faster than silicon.

Technology Race

In 2010, six years after the discovery made by Andrey Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, the Nobel Prize was awarded to them after all. At that time, the media called graphene a "wonder material", a substance that "could change the world." He was approached by academic researchers in the fields of physics, electrical engineering, medicine, chemistry, etc. Patents were issued for the use of graphene in batteries, water desalination systems, advanced solar batteries, ultra-fast microcomputers.

Scientists in China have created the world's lightest material - graphene airgel. It is 7 times lighter than air - one cubic meter of matter weighs only 160 g. Graphene airgel is created by freezing a gel containing graphene and nanotubes.

At the University of Manchester, where Game and Novoselov work, the British government has invested $60 million to create the National Graphene Institute on its basis, which would allow the country to be on a par with the world's best patent holders - Korea, China and the United States, which began the race to create the first in the world of revolutionary products based on new material.

Honorary titles and awards

An experiment with magnetic levitation of a live frog did not bring quite the result that Michael Berry and Andrey Game expected. The Ig Nobel Prize was awarded to them in 2000.

In 2006, Game received the Scientific American 50 award.

In 2007, the Institute of Physics awarded him the Mott Prize and Medal. Then Game was elected a member of the Royal Society.

Game and Novoselov shared the 2008 Europhysics Prize "for the discovery and isolation of the monatomic layer of carbon and the determination of its remarkable electronic properties." In 2009, he received the Kerber Award.

The Andre Geim John Carthy Award, which he was awarded by the US National Academy of Sciences in 2010, was given "for his experimental implementation and study of graphene, a two-dimensional form of carbon."

Also in 2010, he received one of the six honorary professorships of the Royal Society and the Hughes Medal "for the revolutionary discovery of graphene and the identification of its remarkable properties." Game has been awarded honorary doctorates from Delft University of Technology, ETH Zurich, the Universities of Antwerp and Manchester.

In 2010 he was made a Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his contribution to Dutch science. In 2012, for services to science, Game was promoted to bachelor knights. He was elected a Foreign Corresponding Member of the United States Academy of Sciences in May 2012.

Nobel Laureate

Geim and Novoselov were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering work on graphene. Hearing about the award, Geim said he did not expect to receive it this year and was not going to change his immediate plans about it. A modern physicist has expressed the hope that graphene and other two-dimensional crystals will change everyday life humanity just like plastic did. The award made him the first person to win both the Nobel Prize and the Ig Nobel Prize at the same time. The lecture took place on December 8, 2010 at Stockholm University.

1958

FROM 1965 on 1975

AT 1976 1982 1987

AT 1990

AT 1992 1993 on 1994

AT 1994 2000 1998 on 2000

AT 2000 1997 2001

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Andrei Konstantinovich Geim was born on October 21 1958 years in Sochi. His parents, Konstantin Alekseevich Geim and Nina Nikolaevna Bayer, were engineers, Volga Germans by nationality.

FROM 1965 on 1975 For a year, Game lived and studied at school No. 3 in Nalchik, from which he graduated with a gold medal. After leaving school, he tried to enter the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), but they refused to accept him there because of his nationality. Therefore, he worked for one year as a mechanic at the Nalchik Electrovacuum Plant, whose chief engineer was his father.

AT 1976 In the same year, Game was again refused at MEPhI and entered the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), where he defended his 1982 year diploma. After that, Geim began to work as a graduate student at the Institute of Solid State Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (ISPT), where 1987 defended his Ph.D. In Chernolovka, Geim was engaged in metal physics, which, in his own words, quickly got tired of him.

AT 1990 Game went to the UK for an internship at the University of Nottingham and no longer worked in the USSR and Russia.

AT 1992 year he studied science at the University of Bath (University of Bath), with 1993 on 1994 worked for a year at the University of Copenhagen.

AT 1994 Game became a researcher, and with 2000 years - professor at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. He received the citizenship of this country, renouncing the Russian one and correcting his name to Andre Geim. In parallel, with 1998 on 2000 Game was a special professor at the University of Nottingham for a year.

AT 2000 Game, along with Michael Berry, received the Ig Nobel (anti-Nobel) Prize for an article 1997 year, which described an experiment in the field of diamagnetic levitation - the co-authors achieved the levitation of a frog using a superconducting magnet. The press also noted that Game managed to create an adhesive tape that acts on the sticking mechanisms of the gecko, and in 2001 year, he included the hamster "Tisha" (H.A.M.S. ter Tisha) in the co-authors of one article.

AT 2000 Game and his wife received an invitation to the University of Manchester and left the Netherlands a year later, leaving a negative review of the local scientific environment. He became professor of physics at the University of Manchester, a post he held until 2007 of the year.

AT 2002 In 1993 he headed the department of condensed matter physics, as well as the Center for Mesoscopic Physics and Nanotechnology (Centre for Mesoscience & Nanotechnology) of this university.

FROM 2007 In 1995 he took up the position of Langworthy Professor of Physics at the University of Manchester.

AT 2004 Geim, together with his student, discovered graphene - a two-dimensional layer of graphite one atom thick, which has good thermal conductivity, high mechanical rigidity and other useful properties.

AT 2007 year for this discovery Game was awarded the prize (Mott Prize) of the International Institute of Physics (Institute of Physics), and in 2009 In 1993 he became a professor at the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge.

AT 2010 Game received the John J Carty Award from the US National Academy of Sciences and the Hughes Medal from the Royal Society of Great Britain.

AT 2006 Scientific American named Game one of the 50 most influential world scientists, and in 2008 Russian Newsweek named Geim one of the ten most talented Russian emigrant scientists.

In October 2010 Geim and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking experiments with the two-dimensional material graphene".

After the news about the awarding of the Nobel Prize to immigrants from Russia, they were invited to work in Russia at the Skolkovo innovation center, but Game said in an interview that he was not going to return to his homeland: “Staying in Russia was the same as spending my life fighting against windmills, and work is a hobby for me, and I absolutely did not want to spend my life on mouse fuss. Then he called himself in an interview "European and 20 percent Kabardino-Balkarian." Despite his reluctance to return to Russia, he noted high quality fundamental education at MIPT: in 2006 Game told me that the parts of the brain that he lost due to alcohol libations after exams at the institute were replaced by parts occupied by information received at the institute, which he never needed. He also collaborated with the Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka, where they investigated the possibility of creating a graphene transistor.

The press noted that Game is not an ordinary scientist, but in essence is closer to an inventor: he often takes the first idea that comes across as a basis and tries to develop it, and sometimes something interesting comes out of this.

Game is married. His wife, Irina Grigoryeva, is Russian, she is a candidate of sciences, also with 2000 She worked at the University of Manchester for a year. They have a daughter, a citizen of the Netherlands. In his spare time, Game enjoys mountain climbing.