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Biography of Basho Matsuo. Matsuo Basho. Biography Which country's national poet is Matsuo Basho

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Matsuo Basho (pseudonym); at birth named Kinzaku, upon reaching adulthood - Munefusa; another name - Jinsichiro - a great Japanese poet, theorist of verse.

Born in 1644 in the small castle town of Ueno, Iga Province (Honshu Island). Died October 12, 1694 in Osaka.

The masters of the past worked so diligently on haikai poetry that they only managed to compose two or three haiku in their entire lives. It is easy for a beginner to copy nature - that is what they warn us against.

Basho Matsuo

Basho was born into a poor family of samurai Matsuo Yozaemon, and was his third child. The father and elder brother of the future poet taught calligraphy at the courts of wealthier samurai, and already at home he received a good education. In his youth he was interested in Chinese poets such as Du Fu. In those days, books were already available even to middle-class nobles. From 1664 he studied poetry in Kyoto. He was in the service of the noble and wealthy samurai Todo Yoshitada, after saying goodbye to whom he went to Edo (now Tokyo), where he was in public service from 1672. But the life of an official was unbearable for the poet, he became a poetry teacher. Among his contemporaries, Matsuo gained fame primarily as a master of renga. Basho is the creator of the genre and aesthetics of haiku.

In the 1680s, Basho, guided by the philosophy of the Buddhist school of Zen, based his work on the principle of “illumination.” Basho’s poetic heritage is represented by 7 anthologies created by him and his students: “Winter Days” (1684), “Spring Days” (1686), “The Stalled Field” (1689), “The Gourd Pumpkin” (1690), “The Monkey’s Straw Cloak "(Book 1, 1691, Book 2, 1698), "Sack of Coal" (1694), lyrical diaries written in prose combined with poetry (the most famous of them is "On the Paths of the North"), as well as prefaces to books and poems, letters containing thoughts about art and views on the process poetic creativity. Basho's poetry and aesthetics influenced the development of Japanese literature of the Middle Ages and Modern times.

Matsuo Basho (pseudonym); at birth named Kinzaku, upon reaching adulthood - Munefusa; another name - Jinsichiro - a great Japanese poet, theorist of verse.

Born in 1644 in the small castle town of Ueno, Iga Province (Honshu Island). Died October 12, 1694 in Osaka.

In the 1680s, Basho, guided by the philosophy of the Buddhist school of Zen, based his work on the principle of “illumination.” Basho’s poetic heritage is represented by 7 anthologies created by him and his students: “Winter Days” (1684), “Spring Days” (1686), “The Stalled Field” (1689), “The Gourd Pumpkin” (1690), “The Monkey’s Straw Cloak "(Book 1, 1691, Book 2, 1698), "Sack of Coal" (1694), lyrical diaries written in prose combined with poetry (the most famous of them is "On the Paths of the North"), as well as prefaces to books and poems, letters containing thoughts about art and views on the process of poetic creativity. Basho's poetry and aesthetics influenced the development of Japanese literature of the Middle Ages and Modern times.

A crater on Mercury is named after Basho.

Matsuo Basho(Japanese; 1644, Ueno, Iga Province - November 28, 1694, Osaka) - Japanese poet, verse theorist, who played a large role in the development of the poetic genre of haiku.

Comes from a samurai family. He began studying poetry in 1664 in Kyoto. In 1672 he entered the civil service in the city of Edo (city), and later taught poetry. Matsuo Basho became famous for his mastery of the comic renga genre, but his main achievement was his contribution to the genre and aesthetics of haiku. He turned a purely comic genre into a leading lyrical one, based on landscape lyrics, put philosophical content into it.

The unity of his figurative system, expressive means, his artistic originality characterized by elegant simplicity, associativity, harmony of beauty, depth of comprehension of the harmony of the world. In the 1680s, Basho, influenced by Zen Buddhism, used the principle of “insight” in his creativity.

Basho left behind 7 anthologies, in the creation of which his students also took part: “Winter Days” (1684), “Spring Days” (1686), “The Stalled Field” (1689), “Gourd Pumpkin” (1690), “ The Monkey's Straw Cloak" (Book 1, 1691, Book 2, 1698), "Sack of Coal" (1694), lyrical diaries, prefaces to books and poems, letters containing judgments about art and the creative process in poetry. Travel lyrical diaries contain descriptions of landscapes, meetings, historical events. They include their own poems and quotes from the works of prominent poets. The best of them is considered “On the Paths of the North” (“Okuno Hosomichi”, 1689).

Basho's poetry and aesthetics significantly influenced Japanese literature of that time; the “Bashō style” determined the development of Japanese poetry for almost 200 years.

Biography

Basho was born into a poor family of samurai Matsuo Yozaemon (Japanese), and was his third child. IN different years bore the name Kinsaku, Hanshichi, Toshitiro, Chuemon, Jinsichiro (Japanese). Basho (Japanese) is a literary pseudonym, translated meaning “banana tree.”

The father and elder brother of the future poet taught calligraphy at the courts of wealthier samurai, and already at home he received a good education. In his youth he was interested in Chinese poets such as Du Fu. In those days, books were already available even to middle-class nobles. From 1664 he studied poetry in Kyoto.

He was in the service of the noble and wealthy samurai Todo Yoshitada (Japanese), with whom he shared a passion for the haikai genre - a popular Japanese form of collaborative poetic creativity. In 1665, Yoshitada and Basho, with several acquaintances, composed a hundred-strophe haikai. Yoshitada's sudden death in 1666 ended Matsuo's quiet life and he eventually left home. He reached Edo (now Tokyo), where he served in government service since 1672. But the life of an official was unbearable for the poet, he becomes a poetry teacher.

It is believed that Basho was a slender man of small stature, with thin, graceful features, thick eyebrows and a prominent nose. As is customary among Buddhists, he shaved his head. His health was poor and he suffered from indigestion all his life. Based on the poet's letters, it can be assumed that he was a calm, moderate person, unusually caring, generous and faithful to his family and friends. Despite the fact that he suffered from poverty all his life, Basho, as a true Buddhist philosopher, paid almost no attention to this circumstance.

In Edo, Basho lived in a simple hut, given to him by one of his students. He planted a banana with his own hands near the house. It is believed that it was he who gave the poet the pseudonym “banana” (Japanese basho:). The banana palm is mentioned several times in Basho's works:

In the winter of 1682, the shogunal capital of Edo once again became the victim of a major fire. This fire destroyed the “Abode of Banana Leaf,” the poet’s home, and Basho himself almost died in the flames. The poet was very upset about the loss of his home. After a short stay in Kai Province, he returned to Edo, where, with the help of his disciples, he built a new hut in September 1683 and replanted bananas.

After losing his home, Basho rarely wants to stay in one place for a long time. He travels alone, less often with one or two of his closest students, of whom the poet had no shortage. He cares little about resembling an ordinary beggar wandering in search of his daily bread. At the age of forty, in August 1684, accompanied by his student Tiri, he set off on his first journey. In those days, traveling around Japan was very difficult. Numerous checkpoints and endless passport checks caused travelers a lot of trouble. His traveling attire was as follows: a large wicker hat (usually worn by priests) and a light brown cotton cloak, a bag hanging around his neck, and in his hand a staff and a rosary with one hundred and eight beads. The bag contained two or three Chinese and Japanese anthologies, a flute and a tiny wooden gong.

Matsuo Basho ((pseudonym); another pseudonym is Munefusa; real name is Jinsichiro) - a great Japanese poet and verse theorist. Born in 1644 in Ueno, Iga Province. Died October 12, 1694 in Osaka.

Born into a samurai family. From 1664 he studied poetry in Kyoto. He was in public service from 1672 in Edo (now Tokyo), then a teacher of poetry. He gained fame as a comic poet. Basho is the creator of the genre and aesthetics of haiku.

In the 1680s, Basho, guided by the philosophy of the Buddhist school of Zen, based his work on the principle of “illumination.” Basho’s poetic heritage is represented by 7 anthologies created by him and his students: “Winter Days” (1684), “Spring Days” (1686), “The Stalled Field” (1689), “The Gourd Pumpkin” (1690), “The Monkey’s Straw Cloak "(Book 1, 1691, Book 2, 1698), "Sack of Coal" (1694), lyrical diaries written in prose combined with poetry (the most famous of them is "On the Paths of the North"), as well as prefaces to books and poems, letters containing thoughts about art and views on the process of poetic creativity. Basho's poetry and aesthetics influenced the development of Japanese literature of the Middle Ages and modern times.

About Basho

It is believed that Basho was a slender man of small stature, with thin, graceful features, thick eyebrows and a prominent nose. As is customary among Buddhists, he shaved his head. His health was poor and he suffered from indigestion all his life. From his letters it can be assumed that he was a calm, moderate man, unusually caring, generous and loyal to family and friends. Although he suffered from poverty all his life, he paid little attention to it, being a true philosopher and Buddhist.

While living in Edo, Basho lived in a simple hut near which grew a banana tree. It is believed that it was thanks to him that Basho got this pseudonym (meaning “banana, banana tree”).

In the winter of 1682, the shogunal capital of Edo once again became the victim of a major fire. Unfortunately, this fire destroyed the “Abode of the Banana Leaf,” the poet’s home, and Basho himself almost died. After a short stay in Kai province, he returned to Edo, where, with the help of his disciples, he built a new hut and planted a banana tree in September 1683. But this is just a symbol. From now on until the end of his life, Basho is a wandering poet.

In August 1684, accompanied by his student Chiri, at the age of forty, Basho set off on his first journey. In those days, traveling around Japan was very difficult. Numerous checkpoints and endless passport checks caused travelers a lot of trouble. However, one must think that Basho was smart enough and certainly famous enough to overcome this obstacle. It is interesting to see what his traveling attire was: a large wicker hat (usually worn by priests) and a light brown cotton cloak, a bag hanging around his neck, and in his hand a staff and a rosary with one hundred and eight beads. The bag contained two or three Chinese and Japanese anthologies, a flute and a tiny wooden gong. In a word, he looked like a Buddhist pilgrim.

After traveling for many days along the main Tokaido highway, Basho and his companion arrived in the province of Ise, where they worshiped the legendary Ise Daijingu temple complex, dedicated to the Shinto sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami. In September they ended up in Basho’s homeland, Uedo, where the poet saw his brother and learned about the death of his parents. Then Chiri returned home, and Basho, after wandering through the provinces of Yamato, Mini and Owari, again arrived in Uedo, where he met New Year, and again travels through the provinces of Yamato, Yamashiro, Omi, Owari and Kai and returns to his abode in April. Basho’s travel also served to spread his style, for everywhere poets and aristocrats invited him to visit them. X Basho’s fragile health made his fans and students worry, and they breathed a sigh of relief when he returned home.

For the rest of his life, Basho traveled, drawing strength from the beauty of nature. His fans followed him in crowds, and everywhere he was met by rows of admirers - peasants and samurai. His travels and his genius gave a new flourishing to another prose genre that was so popular in Japan - the genre of travel diaries, which originated in the 10th century. Basho’s best diary is considered “Okuno Hosomichi” (“On the Paths of the North”). It describes Basho's longest journey together with his student Sora, which began in March 1689 and lasted one hundred and sixty days. In 1691 he again went to Kyoto, three years later he again visited his native land, and then came to Osaka. This trip turned out to be his last. Basho died at the age of fifty-one

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