Nekrasov about poetic work as service to the people. “The muse cut with a whip.” Nekrasov about poetic work. Poetic creativity as service to the people
Goals and objectives: Find out what is unique and innovative about Nekrasov’s poetry? Find out what is unique and innovative about Nekrasov’s poetry? Study the main themes and ideas of Nekrasov's lyrics: Study the main themes and ideas of Nekrasov's lyrics: - the topic of the purpose of the poet and poetry; - theme about the purpose of the poet and poetry; - theme of homeland and people; - theme of homeland and people; - ideal of a public figure; - ideal of a public figure; - Nekrasov is a poet and satirist; - Nekrasov is a poet and satirist; -love lyrics. -love lyrics. Draw final conclusions about the originality of N.A. Nekrasov’s lyrics. Draw final conclusions about the originality of N.A. Nekrasov’s lyrics.
An entire poetic state, living according to its own laws. R. Gamzatov N.A. Nekrasov entered literature after Pushkin, but during Lermontov’s lifetime. The pinnacle of the genius of the Russian poet lies next to these great writers. But Nekrasov’s poetry has its own beauty, its own song. He was the first in modern literature to talk about the forced labor of the peasant, the plight of workers, and child slaves in factories. Progress of the study:
The uniqueness and innovation of Nekrasov's poetry opened up to readers spiritual world Russian peasant; Nekrasov's poetry revealed to readers the spiritual world of the Russian peasant; Nekrasov in his poems spoke about everyday poetic phenomena: about a dirty St. Petersburg street, about a peasant, about the work of barge haulers; Nekrasov in his poems spoke about everyday poetic phenomena: about a dirty St. Petersburg street, about a peasant, about the work of barge haulers; Nekrasov's lyrics are characterized by polyphonism: the voices of authors and heroes merge; Nekrasov's lyrics are characterized by polyphonism: the voices of authors and heroes merge; Nekrasov’s lyrics are always among people, their lives and fate deeply concern him. Therefore, his poetry is always social: it reflects issues of society, the structure of human relations. Always imbued with citizenship. Nekrasov’s lyrics are always among people, their lives and fate deeply concern him. Therefore, his poetry is always social: it reflects issues of society, the structure of human relations. Always imbued with citizenship.
The work of the great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov was dedicated to the people. The poet is sure: you can only live in service to the people, and not to yourself. The main motive and pathos of Nekrasov’s poetry is the life of an oppressed people, their pain and suffering. This topic was first heard in literature by Nekrasov. Purpose of the poet and poetry
Poems: “Poet and Citizen”, “Muse”, “Elegy”, “I Will Die Soon” “Poet and Citizen”, “Muse”, “Elegy”, “I Will Die Soon” Conclusion: Nekrasov’s muse is suffering, praising the people, calling for struggle, protesting, sympathizing with the people. A poet must be with the people, serve the people. ... I dedicated the lyre to my people. ... I dedicated the lyre to my people. Perhaps I will die unknown to him, Perhaps I will die unknown to him, But I served him - and my heart is calm... “Elegy” 1874 “Elegy” 1874
Theme of the Motherland and the People “Reflections at the Front Entrance”, “Forgotten Village”, “Schoolboy”, “Uncompressed Band”, “In Full Swing” “Reflections at the Front Entrance”, “Forgotten Village”, “Schoolboy”, “Uncompressed Band” , “In full swing” Conclusion: Showing the difficult life of the people, their suffering, the poet convinces us of one thing: this cannot continue, the time will come when the people “will pave the way for themselves with a wide, clear chest.” The people need to be enlightened, help them realize their mighty force, what the people's intercessors had to do.... The hands that made these furrows,... The hands that made these furrows, Dried into splinters, hung like whips, Dried into splinters, hung like whips, Eyes dimmed and the voice disappeared, the eyes dimmed and the voice disappeared, that he sang a mournful song... What a mournful song he sang... "Uncompressed strip" 1854 "Uncompressed strip" 1854
The ideal of a public figure In Nekrasov’s poems, the ideal of a public figure appears, who is imbued with boundless love for his homeland and is able to give his life in its name. We see an example of high honor, spiritual nobility, and selfless service to the homeland in the poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov” (1864). The personal, deeply intimate feeling of a citizen-fighter fills this poem. In Nekrasov’s poems, the ideal of a public figure appears, who is imbued with boundless love for his homeland and is able to give his life in its name. We see an example of high honor, spiritual nobility, and selfless service to the homeland in the poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov” (1864). The personal, deeply intimate feeling of a citizen-fighter fills this poem. Mother Nature! If only Mother Nature had such people! If you didn’t sometimes send such people to the world, You sometimes didn’t send to the world, the field of life would die out... The field of life would die out... The seriously ill Nekrasov did not stop. The seriously ill Nekrasov did not stop thinking about the people. The poem “To the Sowers” is a call to continue the struggle for the liberation of the people. Sowers are public figures, people's intercessors who must bring the seeds of truth to the people: Sow reasonable, good, eternal, Sow reasonable, good, eternal, Sow! Seite will thank you! The heartfelt Russian people will thank you... The heartfelt Russian people...
Nekrasov - satirist poet Nekrasov entered Russian poetry not only as a poet - a citizen-patriot, folk singer, but also as a satirist. Irony is a powerful weapon of Nekrasov’s poetry. In “Lullaby” (1845), the poet satirically depicts the typical career of an official. Nekrasov entered Russian poetry not only as a poet - a patriotic citizen, a folk singer, but also as a satirist. Irony is a powerful weapon of Nekrasov’s poetry. In “Lullaby” (1845), the poet satirically depicts the typical career of an official... You will be an official in appearance... You will be an official in appearance And a scoundrel at heart, And a scoundrel at heart, I will go out to see you off - I will go out to see you off - And I’ll wave my hand! .. And I’ll wave my hand!.. “Lullaby” 1845 "Lullaby" 1845
Love lyrics Dramatic was the poet’s love, which connected him for many years with Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva. She was his happiness and torment, giving rise to a whole series of love poems known as the Panayev cycle. Lovers meet, quarrel, make up, break up. And in this “novel” the ideal of a caring, affectionate female friend is affirmed as a support in the difficult struggle of life, as a healer of a poet experiencing creative and heartache. The poem “You and I are stupid people..” is dedicated to Panaeva. Love in Nekrasov’s poems warms a person and helps him survive in a cruel world.
Conclusions Nekrasov, both for his contemporaries and for his descendants, is, first of all, a great realist poet, a poet-democrat, who had a great influence on the entire development of Russian poetry. Indeed, as R. Gamzatov said: “Nekrasov is a whole poetic state, living according to its own laws.” Nekrasov, both for his contemporaries and for his descendants, is, first of all, a great realist poet, a poet-democrat, who had a great influence on the entire development of Russian poetry. Indeed, as R. Gamzatov said: “Nekrasov is a whole poetic state, living according to its own laws.”
Literature: 1 Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich 1 Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich Poems and poems, M. “Moscow Worker”, 1970. Poems and poems, M. “Moscow Worker”, 1970. 2 Life and work of Nekrasov, M. “Children’s literature”, 1987. 2 Life and work of Nekrasov, M. “Children’s literature”, 1987. 3 Intel Learning for the Future: Study Guide. – M.: Internet University 3 Intel Training for the future: Textbook. – M.: Internet University of Information Technologies, – 128 p. Information technologies, – 128 p. 4 Multimedia encyclopedia. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. CD-ROM. Yaroslavl: YARGU, Multimedia encyclopedia. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. CD-ROM. Yaroslavl: YARGU,
N. A. Nekrasov created an entire era in poetry. More than one generation the best people Russia was brought up on the works of the poet. From childhood, Nekrasov’s images and the unique sounds of his poetic speech enter our consciousness. In the person of Nekrasov, who sensitively grasped the demands of the time, poetry sought to push its limits. The poet confesses to society and considers himself responsible to it. From the highest moral positions he judges his imperfections, punishing himself for the slightest hesitation and weakness. His political word participates in the social struggle, in the cause of people's liberation. The formation of Nekrasov as a poet is marked by special features. To become himself, he needs to creatively overcome himself. To become a true poet, you need to be an individual with your own destiny, you need to go through the school of life. She turned out to be harsh. In Nekrasov's first poems, one can hear primarily two intonations: satirically revealing and mournfully poetic.
You will be an official in appearance
And a scoundrel at heart,
I'll go out to see you off -
And I’ll wave my hand!
One day you will get used to it picturesquely
Bend your back...
Sleep, shoot while you're innocent!
Baiushki bye.
("Lullaby")
But here is a completely different plot and different rhythms:
Am I driving down a dark street at night?
I'll listen to the storm on a cloudy day -
Friend defenseless, sick and homeless,
Suddenly your shadow flashes before me!
Nekrasov's poetic world is a world of social contradictions, brutal struggle; the world of workers, the poor and the oppressed, with their urgent needs and interests; a world of poverty, loneliness, dank dampness and piercing wind. Nekrasov’s stories are usually unfortunate stories: the death of a child, an unequal marriage, seeing off a recruit. Nekrasov introduced into poetry a great diversity of persons of all classes and positions; The city street, the village gathering and the fair began to speak in their own voices. In his works, with vivid character and ease, a variety of characters, unlike each other, “speak out” - from the “wretched wanderer” to Princess Bolkonskaya, from a provincial official to the poet Pushkin. The author plays a special role in this case. He is a witness, a listener, an interlocutor, an accomplice. Many of Nekrasov’s poems are built as a story based on what he saw and heard, like a living dialogue between the author and the hero. Sometimes the author only had to look out the window for the life around him to begin to unfold in scenes and episodes. This is how the famous poem “Reflections at the Front Door” arose. Among the bustle of the city, a group of peasants appears, who came to the “front entrance” from afar with a request. These are “truth seekers”, walkers in the affairs of the peasant world. Because of everyday congestion and wretchedness, spirituality and perseverance emerge. The author acts as a tribune, addressing the people with the question: “Will you wake up, full of strength?..” Nekrasov’s characteristic worldview was manifested with particular force in poems about love - they are full of restless tension, “rebellious passion.” According to tradition, “she” appeared to the hero from some mysterious world. Most often, Nekrasov’s lovers are allies in life’s struggle, touchingly and selflessly supporting each other, and sometimes the heroine has even more spiritual strength, some kind of cheerful resistance to adversity:
You are always incomparably good,
But when I'm sad and gloomy, he revives so inspiredly
Your cheerful, mocking mind...
Nekrasov’s poetry expressed the poet’s close, blood connection with his homeland, with its past and present. Outside of Russia, he cannot imagine either life or creativity.
It's convenient in Europe, but the homeland of affection
Incomparable to anything...
For Nekrasov, maternal love personifies the highest spiritual and moral principle. The poet’s attitude towards the Motherland is always a deep filial feeling. It permeates the lyrics and resonates powerfully in the poems:
You're miserable too
You are also abundant
You are mighty
You are also powerless
Mother Rus'!
With Nekrasov, something entered into literature and poetry that did not become outdated over the years, but developed and grew. This - new level nationality and citizenship, intensity of lyrical feeling, new poetic discoveries.
I give you questions for oral preparation homework on this topic:
N. A. Nekrasov about poetic work.
Poetic creativity as service to the people.
Questions and assignments for the poem “Blessed is the gentle poet” (1852)
Blessed is the gentle poet,
In whom there is little bile, a lot of feeling:
Hello to him so sincerely
Friends of Quiet Art;
There's sympathy for him in the crowd,
Like the murmur of waves, caresses the ear;
He is alien to self-doubt -
This torture of the creative spirit;
Loving carelessness and peace,
Disdaining daring satire,
He firmly dominates the crowd
With your peace-loving lyre.
Marveling at the great mind,
He is not persecuted, he is not slandered,
And his contemporaries
During his lifetime, the monument is being prepared
But fate has no mercy
To him whose noble genius
Became an accuser of the crowd,
Her passions and delusions.
Feeding my chest with hatred,
Armed with satire,
He goes through a thorny path
With your punishing lyre.
He is being pursued by blasphemers:
He catches the sounds of approval
Not in the sweet murmur of praise,
And in the wild screams of anger.
And believing and not believing again
The dream of a high calling,
He preaches love
With a hostile word of denial, -
And every sound of his speeches
Produces severe enemies for him,
And smart and empty people,
Equally branding him ready.
They curse him from all sides
And just seeing his corpse,
They will understand how much he has done,
And how he loved - while hating!
1. What are the features of the composition of the poem?
2. What two paths can a poet choose in his creative field?
3. What vocabulary and poetic intonations prevail when characterizing the “kindly poet” and his poetic opponent, who, “arming his lips with satire,” preaches love with a “hostile word of negation”?
4. How this polemic reflected Nekrasov’s thoughts about a writer-prophet similar to the biblical prophets Old Testament? Confirm this position by analyzing the high vocabulary used by Nekrasov in the poem.
5. Why does an accusatory writer, a satirical writer, “fate have no mercy”? What poetic images of the poem are consistent with its social position?
6. What is the difference between the “kindly poet” condemned by Nekrasov and the Christian-humanistic position of Gogol the writer?
Questions and assignments for the poem "Elegy" (1874)
Let changing fashion tell us,
That the old theme is “the suffering of the people”
And that poetry should forget her,
Don't believe it, boys! she doesn't age.
Oh, if only years could age her!
God's world would flourish!.. Alas! bye peoples
They languish in poverty, submitting to the whips,
Like skinny herds across mown meadows,
The Muse will mourn their fate, the Muse will serve them,
And there is no stronger, more beautiful union in the world!..
Remind the crowd that the people are in poverty,
While she rejoices and sings,
To the people to arouse the attention of the powers that be
What could a lyre serve more worthily?..
I dedicated the lyre to my people.
Perhaps I will die unknown to him,
But I served him - and my heart is calm
Let not every warrior harm the enemy,
But everyone go into battle! And fate will decide the battle
I saw a red day: there is no slave in Russia!
And I shed sweet tears in tenderness
“It’s enough to rejoice in naive enthusiasm,”
The Muse whispered to me. - It's time to move forward:
The people are liberated, but are the people happy?..”
Do I listen to the songs of the reapers over the golden harvest,
Is the old man slowly walking behind the plow?
Does he run through the meadow, playing and whistling,
Happy child with his father's breakfast,
Do sickles sparkle, do scythes ring together -
I'm looking for answers to secret questions,
Boiling in the mind: "In recent years
Have you become more bearable, peasant suffering?
And long slavery came to replace
Has freedom finally brought a change?
IN people's destinies? into the tunes of rural maidens?
Or is their discordant melody just as sad?..”
Evening is coming. Excited by dreams
Through the fields, through the meadows filled with haystacks,
I wander thoughtfully in the cool semi-darkness,
And the song composes itself in the mind,
Recent, secret thoughts are a living embodiment:
I call for blessings on rural labors,
I promise curses to the people's enemy,
And I pray to my friend in heaven for power,
And my song is loud!.. The valleys and fields echo it,
And the echo of distant mountains sends her feedback,
And the forest responded, Nature listened to me,
But the one about whom I sing in the evening silence,
To whom are the poet’s dreams dedicated?
Alas! he does not heed and does not give an answer
1. Why is the poem called "Elegy"? What are its similarities and differences with the elegies of Russian poets early XIX century?
2. Why does the poet call the suffering of the people an “old theme”? How does the poem express the attitude of the lyrical “I” to peasant reform? Why is the author sure that people will not listen to his songs?
3. How is the problem treated in the poem? people's happiness?
4. How and for what purpose do figurative pictures and poetic intonations change in the four parts of the poem?
5. Which lines of the poem are hidden quotes or refer the reader to Pushkin’s work? Is there a difference in the concepts of “people” and “crowd” in the poems of Pushkin and Nekrasov?
Questions and assignments for the poem "Celebration of Life - Years of Youth" (1855)
Celebration of life - youth years -
I killed under the weight of labor
And the poet, the darling of freedom,
I have never been a friend of laziness.
If long-restrained torment,
Having boiled, they will suit your heart,
I write: rhyming sounds
They are disrupting my normal work.
Still, they are no worse than flat prose
And soft hearts are stirred,
Like suddenly flowing tears
From a sad face.
But I’m not flattered that in people’s memory
Have any of them survived?
There is no free poetry in you,
My harsh, clumsy verse1!
There is no creative art in you
But living blood boils in you,
A vengeful feeling triumphs,
Burning out, love is warming, -
That love that glorifies the good,
What marks a villain and a fool
And bestows a crown of thorns
The defenseless singer
1. How are the life contradictions of Nekrasov the poet and Nekrasov the journalist reflected in this poem?
2. Prove that he treats his poetic work with “the rigor of a judge and a citizen.”
3. How does the poem rethink the mission of the poet-prophet?
Questions and assignments for the poem "To the Sowers" (1876–1877)
Sower of knowledge for the people's field!
Perhaps you find the soil barren,
Are your seeds bad?
Are you timid at heart? are you weak in strength?
Labor is rewarded with frail shoots,
Good little grain!
Where are you, skillful, with cheerful faces,
Where are you, with your koshnits full of life?
The labor of those who sow timidly, in grains,
Move forward!
Sow what is reasonable, good, eternal,
Sow! Thank you from the bottom of my heart
Russian people
1. How is the Gospel parable about the sower transformed in the poem?
“Behold, a sower went out to sow. And as he sowed, some fell by the wayside, and birds came and devoured them. Some fell on rocky places where there was little soil, and soon sprang up because the soil was not deep. When the sun rose, it withered, and, since it had no root, it dried up. Some fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew and choked it. Others fell on good soil and brought forth fruit: one hundredfold. and another at sixty, and another at thirty. He who has ears to hear, let him hear!” (Matthew 13:1-9)
The parable of the sower is not difficult to understand, for the Lord Himself interprets it. In this parable, the “Sower” is Jesus Christ; “seed” is the word of God, and “earth”, “soil” is the human heart; a good heart is “fertile land,” and an evil heart, crushed by sins, is “worthless land.” From Scripture we learn that faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God (Rom: 10:17).
2. What does the poet see as the purpose of the modern sower? What “seeds” should he sow into the “people's field”?
3. Compare Nekrasov’s poem “To the Sowers” with Pushkin’s poem “The Desert Sower of Freedom”
A. Pushkin.
Desert sower of freedom,
I left early, before the star;
With a clean and innocent hand
Into the enslaved reins
Threw a life-giving seed -
But I only lost time
Good thoughts and works
Graze, peaceful peoples!
The cry of honor will not wake you up.
Why do the herds need the gifts of freedom?
They should be cut or trimmed.
Their inheritance from generation to generation
A yoke with rattles and a whip.
To summarize, read the poem
"Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin!"
O Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin!
Even though I have a lot to blame
Let it increase a hundred times
My fault is human malice -
Do not Cry! our lot is enviable,
They don't mock us:
Between me and honest hearts
You won’t let it break for long
Living, blood union!
Not Russian - will look without love
To this pale one, covered in blood,
The whip cut the Muse
Good luck!
Need to download an essay? Click and save - "N. A. Nekrasov about poetic work. And the finished essay appeared in my bookmarks.I give you questions for oral preparing homework on the topic: N. A. Nekrasov about poetic work. Poetic creativity as service to the people. Questions and assignments for the poem “Blessed is the gentle poet” (1852) Blessed is the gentle poet, in whom there is little bile, a lot of feeling: To him the greetings of the Friends of calm art are so sincere; The sympathy in the crowd caresses his ear like the murmur of waves; He is alien to self-doubt - This torture of the creative spirit; Loving carelessness and peace, Disdaining impudent satire, He firmly rules the crowd With his peace-loving lyre. Marveling at the great mind, He is not persecuted, not slandered, And his contemporaries are preparing a monument to him During his lifetime. But fate has no mercy for the One whose noble genius Became an exposer of the crowd, Its passions and delusions. Feeding his chest with hatred, Arming his lips with satire, He walks a thorny path With his punishing lyre. He is pursued by blasphemies: He catches the sounds of approval Not in the sweet murmur of praise, But in the wild cries of anger. And believing and not believing again The Dream of a high calling, He preaches love With a hostile word of denial, - And every sound of his speeches Produces him harsh enemies, And smart and empty people, Equally ready to brand him. They curse him from all sides And only when they see his corpse, How much he did, they will understand, And how he loved - while hating! 1.
What are the features of the poem's composition? 2. What two paths can a poet choose in his creative field?
3. What vocabulary and poetic intonations prevail when characterizing the “kindly poet” and his poetic opponent, who, “arming his lips with satire,” preaches love with a “hostile word of negation”? 4. How were Nekrasov’s thoughts about a writer-prophet similar to the biblical prophets of the Old Testament reflected in this polemic? Confirm this position by analyzing the high vocabulary used by Nekrasov in the poem. 5. Why does an accusatory writer, a satirical writer, “fate have no mercy”? What poetic images of the poem are consistent with its social position? 6. What is the difference between the “kindly poet” condemned by Nekrasov and the Christian-humanistic position of Gogol the writer? Questions and assignments for the poem "Elegy" (1874) Let changing fashion tell us, That the old theme is “the suffering of the people” And that poetry should forget it, Don’t believe it, young men! she doesn't age. Oh, if only years could age her! God's world would flourish!..
Alas! While the peoples are languishing in poverty, submitting to the scourges, Like skinny herds in mown meadows, The Muse will mourn their fate, the Muse will serve them, And in the world there is no stronger, more beautiful union!.. Remind the crowd that the people are in poverty, While she rejoices and sings, To arouse the attention of the people of the mighty of the world. What could the lyre serve more worthily?.. I dedicated the lyre to my people. Perhaps I will die unknown to him, But I served him - and my heart is calm. Let not every warrior harm the enemy, But everyone go into battle! And fate will decide the battle. I saw a red day: there is no slave in Russia! And I shed sweet tears in tenderness “It’s enough to rejoice in naive passion,” the Muse whispered to me.
It’s time to move forward: The people are liberated, but are the people happy?..” I listen to the songs of the reapers over the golden harvest, Is the old man slowly walking behind the plow, Is he running through the meadow, playing and whistling, Is the contented child with his father’s breakfast, Are the sickles sparkling and ringing braids together - I am looking for an answer to the secret questions boiling in my mind: “In recent years, have you become more bearable, peasant suffering? And did Freedom, which replaced the long slavery, finally bring a change to the people's destinies? into the tunes of rural maidens?
Or is their discordant melody just as sad?..” Evening is coming. Excited by dreams, Through the fields, through the meadows lined with haystacks, I wander thoughtfully in the cool semi-darkness, And the song composes itself in my mind, A living embodiment of recent, secret thoughts: I call blessings on rural labors, I promise curses to the people’s enemy, And I pray for power to a friend in heaven , And my song is loud!.. The valleys and fields echo it, And the echo of distant mountains sends its responses to it, And the forest responded. Nature listens to me, But the one about whom I sing in the evening silence, To whom the poet’s dreams are dedicated, - Alas! he does not heed - and does not give an answer 1. Why is the poem called “Elegy”? What are its similarities and differences with the elegies of Russian poets of the early 19th century?
2. Why does the poet call the suffering of the people an “old theme”? How does the poem express the attitude of the lyrical “I” to the peasant reform? Why is the author sure that people will not listen to his songs? 3.
How is the problem of national happiness treated in the poem? 4. How and for what purpose do figurative pictures and poetic intonations change in the four parts of the poem? 5. Which lines of the poem are hidden quotes or refer the reader to Pushkin’s work? Is there a difference in the concepts of “people” and “crowd” in the poems of Pushkin and Nekrasov? Questions and assignments for the poem "Celebration of Life - Years of Youth" (1855) The celebration of life - the years of youth - I killed under the weight of labor And I was never a poet, the darling of freedom, A friend of laziness.
If long-restrained torment boils up and approaches my heart, I write: rhyming sounds Disturb my usual work. Still, they are no worse than flat prose And they excite soft hearts, Like tears suddenly gushing from a saddened face. But I’m not flattered that any of them survives in people’s memory. There is no free poetry in you, My harsh, clumsy verse1! There is no creative art in you, But living blood boils in you, A vengeful feeling triumphs, Burning, love glows, - That love that glorifies the good, That brands the villain and the fool And bestows a crown of thorns on the Defenseless singer 1. How this poem reflects Nekrasov’s life contradictions -poet and Nekrasov-journalist? 2.
Prove that he treats his poetic work with “the rigor of a judge and a citizen.” 3. How does the poem rethink the mission of the poet-prophet? Questions and assignments for the poem "To the Sowers" (1876–1877) Sower of knowledge for the people's field!
Are you finding the soil barren, or are your seeds bad? Are you timid at heart?
are you weak in strength? Labor is rewarded with frail shoots, good grain is not enough! Where are you, skillful ones, with cheerful faces, Where are you, with coffers full of life? The labor of those sowing timidly, in grains, Move forward! Sow the reasonable, the good, the eternal, Sow!
The Russian people will say a heartfelt thank you to you 1. How is the Gospel parable about the sower transformed in the poem? “Behold, a sower went out to sow. And as he sowed, some fell by the wayside, and birds came and devoured them. Some fell on rocky places where there was little soil, and soon sprang up because the soil was not deep. When the sun rose, it withered, and, since it had no root, it dried up.
Some fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew and choked it. Others fell on good soil and brought forth fruit: one hundredfold. and another at sixty, and another at thirty. He who has ears to hear, let him hear!” (Matt.
13: 1-9) The parable of the sower is not difficult to understand, for the Lord Himself interprets it. In this parable, the “Sower” is Jesus Christ; “seed” is the word of God, and “earth”, “soil” is the human heart; a good heart is “fertile land,” and an evil heart, crushed by sins, is “worthless land.” From Scripture we learn that faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God (Rom: 10:17). 2. What does the poet see as the purpose of the modern sower? What “seeds” should he sow into the “people's field”? 3. Compare Nekrasov’s poem “To the Sowers” with Pushkin’s poem “The Desert Sower of Freedom” by A. Pushkin. Desert sower of freedom, I went out early, before the star; With a pure and innocent hand I threw a life-giving seed into the enslaved reins - But I only lost time, Good thoughts and works Graze, peaceful peoples! The cry of honor will not wake you up. Why do the herds need the gifts of freedom? They should be cut or trimmed. Their inheritance from generation to generation is a yoke with rattles and a whip. To summarize, read the poem "Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin!" O Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin! Let me be guilty a lot, Let human anger increase my guilt a hundredfold - Don’t cry! Our lot is enviable, They will not scoff at us: Between me and honest hearts You will not let the living, blood union break for a long time! A non-Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-cut Muse Good luck!
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov
Singer of labor and suffering of the people
The main themes and ideas of Nekrasov's lyrics
Nekrasov's poetic world is surprisingly rich and varied. The talent that nature generously endowed him with and his extraordinary hard work helped the poet create such polyphonic and melodious lyrics.
Nekrasov paid tribute to romanticism with a collection of poems “Dreams and Sounds” (1840), which was harshly condemned and even ridiculed at the same time by Belinsky. The mature Nekrasov, starting with the poem "On the Road" ("Boring? Boring!... The daring coachman...") of 1845, is the continuer of Pushkin's line in Russian poetry - predominantly realistic. In Nekrasov's lyrics there is a lyrical hero, but his unity is determined not by the range of themes and ideas associated with a certain type of personality, like Lermontov, but general principles relationship to reality. And here Nekrasov emerges as an outstanding innovator who significantly enriched Russian lyric poetry and expanded the horizons of reality covered by lyrical images. The themes of Nekrasov's lyric poetry are varied.
The first of Nekrasov's artistic principles, the lyricist, can be called social. He supplemented the narrow circle of lyrical themes with a new theme - social (civil). Let us remember the textbook lines of 1848 “Yesterday, at six o’clock.” In his last poem“Oh Muse, I am at the door of the coffin,” the poet will remember for the last time “this pale, bloody, / Muse cut with a whip.” Nekrasov’s source of inspiration for the poet, Muse, is the sister of the unfortunate, subjected to violence and oppression. It is not love for a woman, not the beauty of nature, but the suffering of the poor tortured by poverty - this is the source of lyrical emotions in many of Nekrasov’s poems.
Moreover, this social theme changes the character of Nekrasov’s actual love lyrics. “Night. We have managed to enjoy everything. What should we do? I don’t want to sleep,” begins the poem from 1858. And the hero offers to pray for those “who endure everything,” “whose rough hands work, / Respectfully leaving us / to immerse ourselves in the arts, in the sciences, / to indulge in dreams and passions.” It is clear that a nobleman by birth, Nekrasov here expresses the consciousness of a commoner, a true democrat, who knows the dark sides of social existence, who has experienced hunger and cold, who does not know how, is not capable of noble disgust and arrogance, to turn away from the seamy side of life. At the same time, Nekrasov’s lyrical hero is not just a commoner, but a common intellectual. Here is another masterpiece of Nekrasov’s love lyrics, “I don’t like your irony” (presumably dating from 1850 and also presumably addressed to A.Ya. Panaeva). At the same time, this is an example of intellectual poetry, the hero and heroine are cultured people, their relationship is ironic and, most importantly, a high level of self-awareness. They know and understand the fate of their love and are sad in advance. The intimate situation reproduced by Nekrasov and possible ways its resolutions are reminiscent of the relationships between Chernyshevsky’s characters “What is to be done?” The most striking manifestation of a new lyrical theme - social - was the poem “Am I Driving Down a Dark Street at Night” (1847). This is a heartbreaking story of a woman who was driven to the panel by poverty, hunger and the death of her child. “Defenseless, sick and homeless,” the woman evokes pity, but there is no way to help the unfortunate victim of social disorder. Many poems from the 40s and 50s are from the same series: “On the Road.” “Before the Rain”, “Troika”, “Motherland”, “Hound Hunt”, a small cycle “On the Street”, “Uncompressed Strip”. "Masha". “She suffered a heavy cross,” “In the hospital.” The pathos of these poems, the source of lyricism in them, is summed up and generalized in the short poem “A Knight for an Hour” (1862), especially in the famous lines: “From the rejoicing, idly chattering, Staining their hands in blood, Lead me to the camp of those who are perishing for the great cause of love,” - the poet addresses his mother. These lines still resonate today.
The second artistic principle of Nekrasov the lyricist is social analyticism. And this was new in Russian poetry, absent from Pushkin and Lermontov, especially from Tyutchev and Fet. WITH preschool age we remember the poems “Once upon a time, in the cold winter season” - about a little peasant. But not everyone knows what precedes this passage in the poem “Peasant Children,” where the hero turns the “other side of the medal” of peasant childhood: “Suppose a peasant child grows freely, without learning anything, But he will grow up, if God wills, And nothing stops him from bending.” That is, the hero of Nekrasov’s lyrics knows how to see the social meaning of reproduced phenomena and give it to his completely lyrical outpourings. Social analyticism permeates two of the most famous poems, “Reflections at the Front Door” (1858) and “The Railway” (1864). In “Reflections...” a specific isolated fact - the arrival of men with a request or complaint to the Minister of State Property - is elevated to the rank of a typical phenomenon: “You know, they wandered for a long time / From some distant provinces.” The lyrical hero speculates on what, as they say, is not written on the men he saw from the window. The same in the quatrain “Behind the outpost, in a wretched tavern...”, lines 86-89 and, finally, the famous ending of the poem “Name such an abode for me...”. For “The Railway,” the editor of Sovremennik, where it was first published, and the same author of the poem, received a second, penultimate warning about the possible closure of the magazine from the Minister of Internal Affairs Valuev himself, a famous author of liberal reform projects. At first glance, a completely innocent epigraph caused particular criticism from the censors: the censors realized that everything “terribly spectacular,” as one of them put it, the poem gives the epigraph a sharp social meaning and casts a shadow not only on the former chief manager of the railways who led the construction of the Nikolaev railway Count Kleinmichel, but also on his deceased patron, and on his now reigning son. The second and fourth parts of the poem, the social analysis carried out in them, resulted in a terrible accusation of the government of genocide, as they would say today, and of soldering its own people. Equally socially acute is the contemptuous attitude of Vanya’s father-general towards the hard labor of the common people. The two principles of reflecting reality in Nekrasov’s lyrics naturally led to the third principle - revolutionism. The lyrical hero of Nekrasov’s poetry is convinced that only a people’s, peasant revolution can change the life of Russia for the better. The two poems discussed above quite clearly illustrate this principle: the passage “Name such an abode for me” from “Reflections” and the last three stanzas of the second part of “The Railway”. Revolutionary consciousness lyrical hero Nekrasova gave his poems an agitation and propaganda character. This side of the lyrical hero’s consciousness was especially evident in poems dedicated to Nekrasov’s associates in the revolutionary democratic movement and other leaders of this movement: Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Pisarev. Nekrasov, in outlining their personalities, proceeds from the fact that revolutionary-democratic activity is the most enviable and desirable destiny, and in general the role of “people's defender” for Nekrasov is, using Fet’s formula, a “patent for nobility” for any honest-minded contemporary. The features of the leaders of revolutionary democracy acquire an iconographic character; their life path is presented in the traditions of the life of an ascetic martyr, an ascetic for the people. This is the poem “In Memory of Dobrolyubov” (1864). There is no need to look for real or fictitious features in its content; it mainly reproduces what is supposed to be. The untimely death of the critic in Nekrasov’s poem is not a specific person who once lived, but “the ideal of a public figure who at one time cherished Dobrolyubov,” as the author himself later admitted.
^ Nekrasov is usually presented as a poet of rural and peasant themes. But he also has urban lyrics, i.e. poems about the city, in which he acts as a worthy successor to the St. Petersburg pages of “Eugene Onegin” and “The Bronze Horseman” and Blok’s predecessor. A brilliant example of a poem about a big city with its social dramas is “Morning” (1872-73). But the first three stanzas (out of 9) are not urban. First, the poet addresses “her,” connecting her sadness and mental suffering with the “poverty that surrounds us,” with which “here nature itself is one.” Then follow two “rural” stanzas with characteristic, emotionally charged epithets: dull, pitiful, wet, sleepy, “a nag with a drunken peasant, / Running at a gallop through force,” fog, cloudy sky, and the author’s conclusion: “At least cry?” “But the city is no more beautiful.” The poem resurrects the motifs of early “urban” poems: “Am I Driving at Night”, “On the Street”, “Wretched and Dressed” (1859), the cycle “About the Weather” (1858-65). Life in the city is terrible; there is no consolation for the hero’s tormented soul. First of all, there is no sense in the bustle of the city, the labor efforts of the inhabitants of the capital are alienated from them: their deeds are obvious - faces, people are not visible: “with an iron shovel ... they are scraping the pavement,” “work begins everywhere,” “they announced a fire from the watchtower,” “they brought someone to the shameful square” - impersonal and vaguely personal constructions predominate. The same is true in the last lines: “someone died,” “a shot rang out somewhere - Someone committed suicide.” The human figures in the poem symbolize the alienation of people from each other and from life - death.
N. A. Nekrasov writes at a time when prose reigns supreme in Russian literature, in a non-poetic era. It is at such moments that it is especially important for the poet to determine the purpose of the poet and the role of poetry in life, to justify the need for his creativity. And N.A. Nekrasov has to look for a new audience, new directions in lyrics. The Russian poetic tradition has created two stable images of the poet: the poet-prophet and the friend-poet. N. A. Nekrasov begins with a polemic with both images. N. A. Nekrasov’s ideas about the essence and purpose of poetry developed in the process of creative communication with the ideologists of revolutionary democracy N. G. Chernyshevsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov, as well as such progressive writers as M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. N. Tolstoy. In 1852, N. A. Nekrasov wrote the poem “Blessed is the gentle poet...”. It clearly contrasts two types of poets in the literature of that time. On the one hand, he is a kindly poet, whose example for Nikolai Nekrasov was Vasily Zhukovsky. He has “little bile, a lot of feeling,” his lyre is peace-loving. In a poem from 1856, this theme was developed in a dialogue between the Poet and the Citizen:
You know yourself
What time has come;
In whom the sense of duty has not cooled,
Who is incorruptibly straight in heart,
Who has talent, strength, accuracy,
Tom shouldn't sleep now... -
calls for Citizen - one of the first positive heroes of Nekrasov's lyrics. The melancholy and lethargy of the poet do not correspond to the era; a true poet cannot exist without a close connection with events public life. N. A. Nekrasov polemicizes with poets who promote “pure art” and argues that a poet must first of all be a citizen:
You may not be a poet
But you have to be a citizen.
N. A. Nekrasov sees the highest purpose of the poet in selfless service to the people. The theme of the people, the homeland becomes one of the most important topics the poet's entire work. He is sure: as long as the theme of the suffering of the people is relevant, the artist has no right to forget it. This selfless service to people is the essence of N. A. Nekrasov’s poetry. In the poem “Elegy,” one of his most beloved poems, Nekrasov seems to sum up his work:
I dedicated the lyre to my people.
Perhaps I will die unknown to him,
But I served him - and my heart is calm...
^ The theme of the Muse, woman, mother runs through all of Nekrasov’s work, from the early poems “On the Road”, “Troika”, “Storm” to the mature works of the sixties and seventies “Frost, Red Nose”, “Orina, the Soldier’s Mother”, “Peddlers.”
Nekrasov, as we have already noted, does not have purely love lyrics. She is completely imbued with civic feeling.
Most works of Russian classics combine artistic immortality with depth and truly inexhaustible meaning. Unfortunately, the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'?" not one of them. It is straightforward in its unambiguity and one-dimensional, it is difficult to conclude about the depth of its content. Therefore, we recommend that our readers re-read its text before the exam or otherwise refresh their memory of its content.
