Woodworking equipment

Carpentry equipment

Tenoning machines

Tenoning machines

In carpentry and furniture production, the most common connection of wooden elements to each other is the “thorn” connection. A connection of this kind can be of several types - a straight box stud and a dovetail stud, as well as an oval and round stud. To make such a complex connecting element as a tenon, tenoning machines of various capacities are used. According to its purpose, this equipment is divided into several functional types.

Spike cutting machines

The most popular and widely demanded are tenoning machines for windows, doors and frame structures. They are produced one-sided and two-sided, as well as returnable and pass-through. The tool for their work can be both saws and horizontal and vertical cutters. They perform milling of straight spikes and eyes for parts of frame and frame structures made of wood.

For milling a straight box tenon and a dovetail tenon, a special type of tenoning machine is used, which is used in serial furniture and joinery production. It is this connection that guarantees the durability of the product due to the special reliability of the connecting nodes.

The most complex milling of oval and round tenons is performed on automatic tenoning machines with program control, regulating the production of all types of furniture spike in any plane.

For furniture and joinery production of various capacities, the specialists of our company will help you choose the necessary models and deliver them as soon as possible.

To fasten elements of joinery and furniture together, spikes are often used. There are several types of spikes for the manufacture of such wooden products. Among them are box, dovetail, etc. They allow you to both securely fasten individual parts at an angle to each other, and simply lengthen them.

For the manufacture of spikes, the industry has developed various types of machine equipment, since these are rather complex products. Tenoning machines for wood different types produced by both domestic industry and foreign machine-tool companies.

About the tenon cutting equipment

For a long time, the most common machines for cutting studs have been machines with which windows, doors and various other framed wooden structures are made. According to their working cycles, all this machine equipment is divided into return and through passage, into one- and two-sided. The main types of their working tools are cutters and saws. Two types of cutters are usually installed on these machines: horizontal and vertical. A milling machine with a tenon-cutting carriage, by milling, makes spikes and lugs for furniture products that are tightly connected to each other.

Special machine tools are needed to produce dovetail studs as well as straight box studs. Typically, such high-precision woodworking equipment is intended for use by large woodworking enterprises, and these types of spike joints are the most reliable and allow products to serve a person for many years.

Other types of spikes are round and oval. Their production is possible mainly on CNC woodworking machines that operate in automatic mode. An important characteristic CNC woodworking machines is that they can process tenon joints in various planes.

The main parameters of the equipment of the tenon-cutting group are:

• the largest radius of the part to be processed;
• maximum size of spike protrusions;
• the shape of the manufactured spikes;
• spindle speed;
• electrical power consumed from the network;
• weight and dimensions of the equipment.

Sometimes double-sided tenoning machines are called devices for splicing elements in furniture and joinery industries. They are designed to increase the length of wooden blanks by cutting spikes in the form of teeth on their end sections. After cutting the teeth, a special glue is applied to the prepared toothed ends of the parts and the products are sent to the press.

Most lines for splicing wooden products are able to carry out the main complex of their work in automatic mode. A single-sided tenoning machine produces only one end part of the connection at a time. This does not allow it to obtain such a high labor productivity, which is achieved with the simultaneous preparation of both edges of the articulated parts.

Machine work cycles

At the initial moment, the wood blank enters the surface of the machine table, where it is trimmed according to the specified parameters. Then the formation of engagement elements for the future connection (lugs and spikes) begins. Rigid clamps are used to hold the part during processing. Also, a traverse with a tool head is attached to the frame, on which saws and cutters for a tenoning machine are installed.

In order to avoid splitting the workpiece when cutting spikes, an adhesive composition is automatically applied to its end surface first. This avoids the formation of chips, chipping wood material. To trim the end surfaces before cutting the spikes, a special pre-treatment is carried out, bringing the geometry of the end almost to the ideal shape.

Operational features of tenoning machines

When organizing the conveyor method of woodworking production, the working heads of tenon-cutting milling machines are mounted on top. Such a device does not prevent specialists from approaching the conveyor and performing the necessary equipment settings. First, the processing of the end sections of the parts is carried out using saws, and it ends with milling the spikes.

The feed of the workpiece when cutting the spikes must be carried out smoothly, strictly with a given technological maps speed. In this case, the speed of rotation of working tools should not be less than 7000 rpm. It is this mode that ensures the absence of chips and cracks on the parts.

The design features of tenoning machines for splicing should provide several technological operations for preparing the tenon ends of wooden parts for a reliable connection. For accelerated processing of parts, automatic machines and robotic elements are introduced into the technology of the production process. First of all, these are automatic extensions of the working surface of the table and pneumatic clamps of parts to it.

Types of tenoning machines

Consider individual machines for cutting thorns, their main characteristics and cost in the modern market of equipment for woodworking.

Double-sided Torwegge H613 tenoning machine is designed for cutting tenons on products with a maximum dimension of 4000mm and a maximum throughput height of 170mm. On each side, the machine uses up to six working units, of which three milling heads.

The device provides cutting of spikes with a stepless feed rate of 40 m/min. Along with the milling heads, tenon saws work on each side. It is currently possible to buy a German-made Torwegge H613 tenoning machine for 7 million 240 thousand rubles.

The high productivity of this equipment is ensured by the CNC system, which allows you to quickly set the work program for all units and the output parameters of the manufactured spike ends of wooden blanks. The high cost of the unit makes it possible, with such a high performance, to recoup all the initial costs for the purchase of equipment within a year of stable operation.

The units for processing products on the machine include scoring units in the amount of 2 pieces, as well as milling units and crushing devices. The device is provided with an insulating cabin for the operator and a convenient control panel.

Popular among entrepreneurs in the furniture industry is the modern ShS-3 tenoning machine.

It is used when making end connecting elements on blanks in the form of wooden moldings. This model differs from similar ones in that it can work with a shifted cycle of a milling operation by exactly half a step. Due to the use of the Italian pneumatic system in the design of the device, the part is securely and easily fixed on the table by clamps from above and from the side. The carriage moves also due to this system.

The device is capable of cutting end spikes on workpieces with the largest dimensions of 200 mm in width. AND minimum size the length of the workpiece, which is securely fixed with pneumatic clamps, is also 200 mm. The thickness of the processed workpiece can vary from 10 to 20 mm.

In the event that the workpiece length exceeds 600 mm, then for normal operation machine requires a special side table. The smaller the section of the workpiece, the higher the productivity of the machine. The studs are made using a high-speed milling cutter and a circular saw. To cut a double-sided tenon on a workpiece, the machine takes an average of 30 seconds.

The cost of the ShS-3 machine is 228 thousand rubles.

The Kurgan plant of machine tools produces the FSSh-1 tenoning machine for furniture and joinery production. The presence of a tenon-cutting carriage in this machine allows you to cut the tenons on wooden products using the curvilinear milling method according to the prepared templates.

FSSh-1A is used for a variety of actions with wooden blanks due to the existing guide lines and manual feed of the cutting head. Often it is used for the production of molded products such as lining, floor boards, platbands and skirting boards. The studs are cut by a stud-cutting carriage with curvilinear milling.

The basis of the FSSh-1A is a cast iron vibration-resistant frame, in which a high-speed spindle with a lifting mechanism is located. The drive of the cutting tool is carried out by means of the two-speed electric motor. On a cast iron table with a tenoning carriage, the base of the spindle assembly and the cutter guard are attached.

The operating temperature of this equipment is from +10 to +35°C. Humidity should be on average within 85%. The price of the tenoning machine FSSh-1A is currently 195 thousand rubles.

For the manufacture of tenon joints of furniture wooden boxes, a box tenoning machine is used. This device belongs to manual milling machines and is used for processing the end surfaces of furniture drawer elements. Also, this device is successfully used for the manufacture of wooden packaging for expensive goods and for lengthening (joining) molded wood products. It can mill spikes that differ in both height and width, and you can also make various eyelets of several types.

The scope of delivery of the box cutter 450 M/ 650 M includes:

• a set of standard knives;
• tubular frame;
• tool service kit;
• Russian-language instruction manual.

At the request of the customer, the tenoning machine for the box tenon can be equipped with various additional equipment, which significantly expands the functionality of this device. The manufacturer gives a guarantee for the flawless operation of the equipment for 1 year of operation.

Other models of machines for cutting studs

Widespread are also machines of types ShPA-40, designed for one-sided milling of straight and wedge-type spikes on wooden parts. The machine table with two hydraulic clamps, which is capable of vertical movement with the help of hydraulic cylinders, brings the part to the milling spindle, which is located horizontally. All major workpiece movements are performed automatically. A more modern and more productive machine of this series is the ShR-500 apparatus, which operates on the same principle as the ShPA-40.

The Canadian Beaver machines, which are the main type of equipment on the lines for splicing wooden blanks, have proven themselves very well all over the world. Basically, these are four-sided machines with very high rates of productivity and quality.

For precise adjustment of elements to each other window frames double-sided frame machines are used, which allow simultaneous processing of articulated elements of window frames and elements for any wooden frame structures. Frame machines are usually built into the production line for the production of complex wood products and have the highest productivity.

Do-it-yourself stud cutting machine

Often, woodworking masters make a machine for cutting spikes with their own hands. The word equipment or fixture is more suitable for such home-made devices. This equipment can usually produce only one stud in one work cycle. Such an apparatus is more intended for marking the future spike and setting the direction of movement of the cutting tool.

A do-it-yourself wood tenoning machine is good for those cases when the master does not need to achieve high productivity and he does not have the money to buy expensive equipment.

Such equipment allows using a conventional hand saw to make spikes for connecting furniture or joinery to each other. Of course, such accuracy as in machine work, makeshift fixture it doesn’t, but on the scale of personal needs, frames or some other products with studded edges can be made completely.

Sometimes a home-made tenoning machine can have such high functionality that it is not inferior to industrial designs of its class. But it can be made only by a person who has considerable experience in technical design and has access to high-tech equipment for metal processing.

More the best option for private production is the purchase of a used tenoning machine. This equipment is widely offered on the websites of machine tool suppliers. If specialists give a high assessment of the performance of used equipment, and its cost is several times lower than that of a new one, then such machines will definitely find their owner-entrepreneur and serve him the due time, then bringing high profits.

The price of a tenoning machine for wood depends on a number of factors and can range from 100 thousand rubles or more. But the price is far from the only criterion that should be relied upon when choosing tenoning equipment.

The tenoning machine for wood is an indispensable device in carpentry and furniture industries. Many parts are interconnected with a spike.

There are several main types of spiked connection:

• Box;
• round;
• oval;
• Dovetail.

Spikes help to connect parts together or lengthen workpieces.

The spike is complex in its configuration connecting element, for the manufacture of which do-it-yourself requires the use of appropriate equipment.

The equipment differs precisely in the type of spikes that they are able to produce.

• Spikes for windows, doors and frame structures. Such tenoning machines can be single-sided, double-sided, through or return. The working tools of these tenoners are special saws, vertical and horizontal cutters. With their help, the milling of a straight spike or eyelet is carried out, which is necessary for a frame and frame wooden structure;
• Box tenons and dovetails require the use of a different type of tenoning machine. They are used for serial production of carpentry items or furniture. Due to this connection, a reliable and durable fixation of the components is ensured;
• Oval and round dowels are the most complex dowels made on specialized automatic machines. Do-it-yourself operator participation is minimized, since such spikes are subject to increased requirements in terms of accuracy. Therefore, oval and round spikes are made using automated CNC tenoning machines.

The most important requirement for a tenoning machine is the accuracy of processing. If this is not done, then the parts simply will not fit together. Therefore, it will be impossible to connect.

Scope of application

Using do-it-yourself tenoning machines, in addition to carpentry and furniture production, they can:

• Process calibrated wooden boards and particle boards;
• Overtake the perimeters of door parts and window frames;
• Process floor boards;
• Making parquet.

A separate category of tenoning machines is equipment designed for splicing wooden parts. Such machines are used at production bases, where it is necessary to connect the boards along the length by splicing them together. To do this, the machine cuts out special toothed spikes on the ends of the workpieces, processed with glue and pressed with a special press. All wood splicing lines operate in automatic mode. The participation of the operator with his own hands consists in controlling the operation of the tenoning and pressing equipment.

Characteristics of tenoners

When choosing tenoning machines for do-it-yourself work on connecting wooden elements, you should pay attention to the most significant parameters of tenoning equipment.

1. The maximum diameter of workpieces that the machine can process.
2. The maximum width of the spike created on the equipment.
3. Largest tenon diameter available on the selected tenoning machine.
4. The type of stud that the machine is designed to manufacture.
5. Spindle speed. The speed and quality of workpiece processing depends on it.
6. The power of the electric motor installed on the tenoning machine and the type of electrical network to power it. Some machines can be powered by a single-phase 220V household mains. But industrial tenoners require a high quality 380V three-phase line.
7. Equipment dimensions and weight. Heavy weight protects against vibrations, which can adversely affect the accuracy of cut spikes. At the same time, large dimensions and weight limit the machine in terms of its movement. Although it is unlikely that you will need to rearrange the tenon cutter from place to place every day. Therefore, the emphasis should be on minimal vibration during the operation of tenoning equipment.

How does he work

To work with do-it-yourself tenon-cutting equipment, you need to find out on what principle such machines operate for the manufacture of connecting tenons.

The whole process can be divided into several steps, each of which directly affects the final quality of the output.

• The workpiece is sent to the working table of the machine, where the wooden part is cut to the required size;
• After that, wood or wood-based material goes to create spikes and eyes;
• The bed is a rigid cast structure equipped with clamping mechanisms for fixation. The bed is equipped with a column where the working head is located. Eye boards, milling cutters or saws corresponding to the tasks are put on the head;
• To protect the workpiece from splitting during the tenoning process, a special automatic system applies glue to the surface of the workpieces. This prevents the appearance of chips and defects;
• In addition, tenoning machines can be equipped with trimming mechanisms. They are necessary in order to align the ends of the workpieces being processed;
• At the output, we get a part with lugs or spikes of the required configuration made on it.

Pay attention to the purpose for which you are purchasing a tenoning machine. For certain situations, certain solutions are suitable.

1. For small-scale production at home or a small workshop, milling machines equipped with tenoning carriages are the best choice. You get a full-fledged milling machine and a tenon cutter function with it. This eliminates the need to purchase a separate tenoning device. At the same time, the milling cutter with tenoning carriages demonstrates good parameters in small-scale production.
2. large furniture production where it is important to obtain a large series of tenons, automated tenoning complexes with a CNC module are chosen. The CNC module allows you to create all kinds of variations of tenon joints on a tenoning machine. Such equipment is easy to set up and it does not take much time to learn how to work with it.

Exploitation

There are several features of the operation of tenoners that you will find useful and just interesting to know about.

• Large conveyor productions provide for the installation of tenoning equipment by fixing it to the ceiling. Additionally, the devices are equipped with clamping units, and the workpieces are received with scoring saws. The workpiece is fed to the trimming, and the milling caliper completes the processing. Or rather, a couple of them;
• To control the feed rate of the part, a variator is used. It allows you to smoothly control the parameters;
• To provide quality creation spikes, the speed of rotation of the spindle head should be 7000 rpm;
• There are several options for tenoning devices on the market, which differ in the size of the guides - 2, 2.5 and 3 m;
• The design of the tenon cutter allows the use of several different working tools for woodworking;
• Tenoning units can be additionally equipped with desktop extensions and pneumatic clamping devices.

The range of units for creating spikes allows you to equip your enterprise with the best equipment option. But if this is a small workshop, it makes sense to think about milling machine with a carriage for spikes.

The tenon cutting machine was created for the purpose of milling tenons and eyelets in wooden products, frame and frame type. The processing of such blanks as chipboard, calibrated panel products is also carried out. The use of equipment is not limited to milling operations.

The tenoning machine is used for the purpose of carrying out overcasting procedures on door panels along the entire perimeter area, in the production of window frames, in procurement processes and in the processing of wood material for the floor. Tenoning equipment is widely used in domestic conditions and manufacturing industry. Due to its versatility, the equipment is used in woodworking in furniture manufacturing workshops, in carpentry and construction and repair organizations of various levels of productivity.

Operation of tenoning machines for wood

In the case of mass-conveyor production, the tenoning machine can be mounted on the stream. The equipment is equipped with cutting support tools (6 pieces), stepless adjustment of the high-speed passage, a device for pressing workpieces in the upper sector. Scoring saws are installed first, which are the first to receive the material.

After saws of this type, there are (2 pieces) that perform the trimming of the product. The final stage that the product of the material goes through is milling with the help of two vertical milling supports. The movement device used in the machine is a conveyor along which the workpiece moves from one support to another.

Properties and features of tenoning machine:

Feeding material at speed without steps, can be adjusted, changed using a variator, which makes it possible to smoothly and reliably feed workpieces (cardan mechanism);
- high rotational speed of spindles for milling - about 7500 rpm - allows to achieve High Quality details;
- machine assembly options differ in the length of the guide - 2,000 mm, 2,500 and 3,000;
- on a tenoning machine, you can install a large number of various tools, which gives ample opportunities to expand the range of parts obtained due to an increase in the number of operations performed by the machine;
- perfectly arranged on a powerful frame, components and assemblies have reduced the risk of all kinds of vibrations to a minimum;
- the control unit is mounted on the tenoning machine itself or on its components (spindles) - allows you to simplify settings and control.

Additional units for completing the tenoning machine:
- extending device for the desktop on the side, with an extended transverse part of the machine;
- clamping device with a pneumatic drive, located horizontally;
- vertical head movement synchronizer.

The principle of operation of one-sided and double-sided tenoning machine

The fastening of the part in the case of using a single-sided tenoning machine occurs on the surface of the working sector, which carries out a reciprocating movement, and in the case of a two-sided one, using a technological chain device with thrust properties that performs translational movements.

First, the blanks are trimmed to the specified dimensions, then the formation of spikes and eyes is carried out. The tenoning machine is designed on a rigid frame of a cast type, equipped with a working surface with pressing mechanisms. Also, a special column is installed on the tenoning equipment, to which several working heads with saws, a milling cutter or an eye board are attached.

A high degree of processing of blanks is achieved through the use of a special device that applies glue. Thanks to the adhesive device, the productivity of the entire line increases. The parts are processed with a bunch, due to which they avoid chipping during processing. The fastening function of the ligament is carried out by a pneumatic mechanism.

Also, the tenoning machine is equipped with a device that aligns the ends of the workpieces - the trimming unit. To shift the step of the spikes, the design has a rise and fall of the desktop. A control panel is mounted in the door of the electrical cabinet, which makes it possible to achieve convenient control of the entire course of adjustment work.

13 May 2013

In the previous issue of the magazine, we examined the most massive group of representatives of a large family of tenoning machines, namely, one-sided tenoning machines. Let's continue our review.

The family of tenoning machines includes the following main types:

• bilateral;
• for milling spikes of furniture parts (rounded and at an angle to the end of the part);
• for milling box spikes;
• for milling (cutting) toothed spikes.

Types of tenoning machines

Bilateral for joiner's products. Such tenoning machines appeared after one-sided ones due to the need to increase labor productivity at medium and large woodworking enterprises, as well as to ensure higher accuracy of the distance between the shoulders of the tenons during their simultaneous milling, in contrast to the manufacture of the same parts on a single-sided machine.
Conveyor-fed double-sided tenoners for frame dowels consist of two units, each with six to four spindles. According to the classical scheme*, the spindles with the circular saw blade are placed first in the feed direction, then the horizontal tenon cutters form the cheeks of the tenon, then two profile cutters located on two vertical spindles perform the undercutting of the hangers, and the last are the lug discs on the vertical spindles that carry out milling eyes.
The presence in each block of six spindles with adjustable vertical and horizontal movement, as well as an inclination at an angle, ensure the versatility of the machine.
The feed is carried out by conveyor chains with stops, across which the workpieces are laid. A double-sided tenoning machine is serviced by a machine operator who controls the machine and loads it, and by an auxiliary worker who accepts workpieces from the opposite side of the machine.
In addition to cutting spikes on workpieces, the machine can cut panels with selection on the edges of tongues, ridges and other profiles.
The performance of a double-sided machine is almost 3-5 times higher than that of a single-sided machine.
We draw the attention of readers to the fact that during the operation of tenoning machines, the most common defect when cutting tenons is chipping of the tenon corners from the side of the trailing edge. When working on single-sided machines, to prevent chipping, a retaining bar of a sufficiently large initial length made of hardwood is used, mounted on a carriage and easily adjustable to compensate for wear during repeated milling of spikes.
On double-sided machines, it is impossible to use long (1000-1500 mm) retaining bars on the stops of the supply chains, since the length of the retaining bars is limited by the minimum possible distance between the shoulders of the spikes for specific machine models (for example, for model ШД10-8 it is 200 mm). Thus, this length, as a rule, cannot exceed about 100 mm, and therefore the service life of the retaining bars is very limited, which will require their periodic replacement.
To reduce labor costs with a fairly frequent replacement, as well as the cost of manufacturing retaining bars, machine-tool factories have proposed many different options for solving this problem, and this work continues to this day. Therefore, when buying a double-sided machine, you should pay close attention to these seemingly simple details, given the fact whether you will make them yourself or purchase them as spare parts.

Bilateral for furniture products. Machines of the ШД10-8 type (see Table 1) are intended primarily for milling spikes and lugs on straight parts in the production of joinery and building products (windows, doors) and frames, for example, in the production of furniture.
However, in the production of classic-type furniture, which uses precious wood, the three-dimensional geometry of the parts, as a rule, is not rectilinear, but pronounced curvilinear. Therefore, the spikes of such parts have a rounded shape and are usually located in different planes.
For milling such spikes, a number of companies produce semi-automatic double-sided machines, in which the installation and regulation of all processing sizes can be carried out either manually using an indicator or using CNC.
In particular, Global EDGE supplies the Russian market with a tenoning machine model TSD/CSF2 (Fig. 1) for studding curved parts (Fig. 2).
A brief technical description of this machine is given in table 2.

For the production of box spikes. Box spikes are straight - rectangular and oblique, as well as in the form of a dovetail: acute-angled and rounded - the latter are designed for open, semi-closed and closed joints.
The maximum strength of the box connection is provided by dovetail spikes of an open type and somewhat less by a semi-closed type. The lowest strength is given by connections to a rectangular box spike, since in this case it (strength) depends only on the quality of the adhesive seam, while the “dovetail” provides strength, firstly, due to mechanical connection, and secondly - by adhesive seam.
At present, unfortunately, machines for milling dovetail studs have practically disappeared from the scene, but machines of the ShPK40 type are still used for processing straight studs. This machine uses the principle of processing a set of cutters mounted on a horizontal knife shaft, a pack of boards, which is placed on a horizontal table that moves vertically up and down with the help of a hydraulic drive.
Main specifications machine ShPK40 are shown in table 3.
Manufacture of spikes for gear connections. In these machines, as a rule, two concepts are used - milling and tenoning and sawing and tenoning. In milling and tenoning machines, a toothed cutter is located on a vertical spindle, and the part is fed horizontally. IN Lately sawing and tenoning machines of the ShS-3 type (Fig. 3), which are used in the production of glued wooden structures and, in particular, glued beams for housing construction.
The main technical data of the machine model ШС-3 are given in table 4.

Setting up tenoning machines

This article proposes verification of accuracy standards for the two most common tenoning machines.
The first of them is a double-sided frame, which must meet the following accuracy standards (see Fig. 4) after installation or repair.

1. Guide beds for the movable column must be straight in the vertical plane. It is checked by a level laid along a special test tile (bridge) or a ruler. The tolerance is 0.1 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 4a).
2. The guide beds must be straight in the horizontal plane. Checked with a ruler and feeler gauge. The tolerance is 0.05 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 4b).
3. The guide beds should not be twisted. It is checked by the level placed on a special tile (bridge). The tolerance is 0.1 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 4c).
4. Both guide beds must be parallel to each other. It is checked with a caliper or a template and a feeler gauge. Tolerance - 0.2 mm (Fig. 4d).
5. Conveyor chain guides must be straight. Checked with a ruler and feeler gauge. The tolerance is 0.1 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 4e).
6. Both chain guides must be parallel to each other. It is checked with a shtihmas or measuring bars and a feeler gauge. The tolerance is 0.03 mm over the entire length (Fig. 4f).
7. Both chain guides must lie in the same horizontal plane. Checked with a level and a ruler. The tolerance in the longitudinal direction is 0.2 mm over a length of 1000 mm and in the transverse direction is 0.3 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 4g).
8. Spindles must not have radial runout. Checked with an indicator. Tolerance - 0.05 mm (Fig. 4h).
9. The support flanges of the saw spindles and the eye disc must be free of axial runout. Tolerance - 0.05 mm on a diameter of 1000 mm (Fig. 4i).
10. The axes of the horizontal spindles must be perpendicular to the feed direction. It is checked by an indicator mounted on the spindle when it is turned on the mandrel by 150-180 degrees. Tolerance - 0.05 mm for a length of 100 mm (Fig. 4k).
11. The axes of the vertical spindles must be perpendicular to the feed direction. It is checked by an indicator on the working surface of the chain (or guide bars). Tolerance - 0.05 mm for a length of 100 mm (Fig. 4k).
12. The axes of the vertical spindles must be perpendicular to the axes of the horizontal spindles. It is checked by a ruler placed on the working chains (or guide bars), by an indicator mounted on a vertical spindle, and by a stroke placed between the ruler and the horizontal spindle. Tolerance - 0.05 mm on a length of 100 mm (Fig. 4m).
13. The direction of vertical movement of the calipers must be perpendicular to the horizontal plane passing through the bearing surfaces of the chains (or guide bars). It is checked with an indicator and a square mounted on a ruler placed on a chain (or guide bars). Tolerance - 0.1 mm over a length of 100 mm (Fig. 4n).
14. The direction of horizontal movement of the calipers must be horizontal to the plane passing through the surfaces of the chain (or guide bars). Tolerance - 0.05 mm on a length of 100 mm (Fig. 4m).
15. The axis of rotation of each spindle must be parallel to the direction of movement of the caliper. Checked with an indicator. Tolerance - 0.05 mm for a length of 100 mm (Fig. 4p).
16. The working surfaces of the chains must be parallel to their guides. It is checked with an indicator and a ruler. Tolerance - 0.1 mm (Fig. 4p).
17. The working surfaces of the stops of both chains must lie in vertical planes parallel to each other when the chains are moved. It is checked with an indicator and a ruler. Tolerance - 0.3 mm for a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 4c).

After alignment (Fig. 4t), the machine should produce spikes uniform in width (tolerance - 0.1 mm for a length of 100 mm) and thickness (tolerance - 0.1 mm for a length of 100 mm), parallel to the base surface of the bar (section 60x100 mm).

The second is the machine model ShPK40 for the manufacture of straight box and toothed (wedge) spikes, which, like the first, must satisfy the following checks for normal operation (see Fig. 5).

1. The working surface of the table must be flat (only concavity is allowed). Checked with a ruler and feeler gauge. Tolerance - 0.1 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 5a).
2. The working surface of the table must be horizontal in all positions in height. Level checked. The tolerance is 0.2 mm over a length of 1000 mm (Fig. 5b).
3. The working surfaces of the square and stop must be flat. Checked with a ruler and feeler gauge. The tolerance is 0.04 mm over a length of 200 mm (Fig. 5c).
4. The working surfaces of the square and the stop must be perpendicular to the working surface of the table. It is checked with a square and a probe. The tolerance is 0.1 mm over a length of 100 mm (Fig. 5d).
5. The working surface of the square must be perpendicular to the axis of the spindle. It is checked with a square and a probe. Tolerance - 0.15 mm over a length of 200 mm (Fig. 5e).
6. The working surface of the stop must be parallel to the axis of the spindle. It is checked with a square and a probe. Tolerance - 0.1 mm on a length of 250 mm (Fig. 5e).
7. The spindle axis must be parallel to the working surface of the table. Checked with an indicator. Tolerance - 0.1 mm on a length of 400 mm (Fig. 5g).
8. The spindle must not have radial runout. Checked with an indicator. Tolerance - 0.4 mm (Fig. 5h).
9. The spindle must not have axial displacement. Checked with an indicator. Tolerance - 0.05 mm (Fig. 5i).

After alignment, the machine must ensure that the lugs and spikes are uniform in width. It is checked on a workpiece with a section of 40x400 mm when milling lugs 8 mm wide to a depth of 50 mm. Tolerance for lug width from 0 to +0.25 mm and stud width from 0 to -0.1 mm (Fig. 5k).

Machines of the tenon-cutting group allow, after processing the tenons, to assemble both simple frame products (in the production of windows and doors) and more complex ones - in the production of furniture.
But in the production of complex products, such as panel doors, cabinet furniture, etc., drilling and welding machines are needed, information about which will be given in the next article.

Vladilen Vinogradsky, Petr Landa
Magazine "Equipment: market, offer, prices", No. 07 July 2004