The image of the mtsyra in the poem of the same name by Lermontov. The image and characteristics of Mtsyri in Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri": a description of the character in Lermontov's quotations. Mtsyri. Read by Peter Dubinsky
Nesterova I.A. The image of Mtsyra // Encyclopedia of the Nesterovs
The poem by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov Mtsyri is rebellious, similar to his spirit and worldview. Main character much like a poet. The similarity is so deep that the poem continues to attract the attention of researchers of Lermontov's work and admirers of his talent.
Mtsyri is one of the most important works of M.Yu. Lermontov. The poem reflects the main views of the poet on the Caucasus, his sympathy for the highlanders. In addition, in the poem "Mtsyri" the desire of M.Yu. Lermontov to reflect all facets of human freedom and the need for it for the development and existence of a person as a person.
The image of Mtsyra is a key element of the poem. To be free means for him to escape from the monastic captivity and return to his native village. The image of an unknown but desired "wonderful world of worries and battles" constantly lived in his soul.
- this is the image of a prisoner, desperately fighting for his freedom, this is the embodiment of human dignity, courage and selfless courage. This young man is a model of the strength of human character.
Speaking about the image of Mtsyri, it is important to note that in the poem the story of Mtsyri's entire life is set out in one chapter, and several days of wandering occupy the main part of the work. M.Yu. Lermontov did this not by chance, since it was in last days the life of the hero reveals the strength of his character, the originality of his personality
The excited monologue of the dying Mtsyri introduces us to the world of his innermost thoughts, secret feelings and aspirations, explains the reason for his escape. It is he who makes the image of Mtsyra in the poem so integral and memorable. The thing is that "with the soul of a child, the fate of a monk", the young man was obsessed with a "fiery passion" for freedom, a thirst for life, which called him "to that wonderful world of worries and battles, where rocks hide in clouds, where people are free, as eagles". The boy wanted to find his lost homeland, to find out what real life is, “whether the earth is beautiful”, “we will be born into this world for will or prison”:
I have seen others
Fatherland, home, friends, relatives.
And I did not find
Not only sweet souls - graves!
It would not be complete without the fact that he sought to know himself. And he was able to achieve this only in the days spent in the wild:
Do you want to know what I did
At will? Lived - and my life
Without these three blessed days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age.
Mtsyri believes that he was not strong enough to escape from captivity and, therefore, death came to him deservedly. M.Yu. Lermontov in the image of Mtsyri emphasizes the strength of the character's spirit, his attachment to his native land.
Yes, I deserve my lot!
Mighty horse, alien in the steppe,
Dropping a bad rider
Home from afar
Finds a direct and short path...
Escaped from the dullness of the monastery walls, Mtsyri finds himself in a beautiful, but at the same time dangerous world. The brightness of colors, the variety of sounds, the splendor of the infinitely blue vault in the early morning - all this richness of the landscape filled the soul of the hero with a feeling of merging with nature. He feels that harmony, unity, brotherhood, which he was not given to know in a society of people:
God's garden blossomed all around me;
Plant rainbow outfit
Kept traces of heavenly tears,
And curls of vines
Curled, showing off between the trees ...
In order to reveal the image of Mtsyri M.Yu. as vividly as possible. Lermontov makes his hero experience both the fear of the "threatening abyss on the edge", and thirst, and the "suffering of hunger", and a mortal battle with the leopard.
Dying, the young man asks to be transferred to the garden:
By the glow of a blue day
I'm drunk for the last time.
From there you can see the Caucasus!
In the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov, it is obvious that all the actions and deeds of Mtsyri are an example of the inflexibility of the spirit and strength of character. He is looking for his homeland, not even knowing where it is, he controls himself in any situation, does not pay the slightest attention to the fact that he is hungry, that he has to sleep right on the ground.
The integrity of the image of Mtsyri is emphasized by the episode with the beautiful Georgian woman descending the path for water. Mtsyri is overcome by a passionate impulse, he wants to follow the girl, but, having overcome his desire, he remains true to his goal and continues the difficult path through the wilds of the forest in search of his home.
Already within the walls of the monastery and feeling the inevitable approach of death, Mtsyri is still firmly convinced that he did everything right. As proof that he did not repent of his act, that he remained true to his views and beliefs, the hero asks to be buried in the garden, in the wild, and not within the walls of this terrible prison.
The work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "Mtsyri" tells the story short life a young man who was brought up within the walls of a monastery and who dared to challenge the despotism and injustice reigning around him. The poem poses questions to the reader about the meaning of existence, the cruelty of fate and inevitability, the rights of the individual.
Maksimov D.E. wrote that the meaning of Lermontov's poem is "to glorify the search, the power of the will, courage, rebellion and struggle, no matter how tragic the results may be."
The image of Mtsyra is the image of a prisoner, desperately fighting for his freedom, this is the embodiment of human dignity, courage and selfless courage. This young man is a model of the strength of human character.
In the poem, the story of Mtsyri's entire life is set out in one chapter, and several days of wandering occupy the main part of the work. This was not done by chance, since it is in the last days of the hero's life that the strength of his character, the originality of his personality, is revealed.
Mtsyri passionately desires to gain freedom, he wants to find out what it means to truly live, and after all his adventures he says this:
Do you want to know what I did in the wild?
Lived - and my life without these three
Blessed days howled 6 sadder and gloomier ...
Mtsyri's courage, bravery and extraordinary lust for life are revealed in the episode of the fight with the leopard. The hero fights the leopard, not paying attention to physical pain, not knowing fear for his life:
I waited, grabbing a horned bough, for the minutes of the battle:
The heart suddenly lit up with a thirst for struggle.
All actions and deeds of Mtsyri are an example of inflexibility of spirit and strength of character. He is looking for his homeland, not even knowing where it is, he controls himself in any situation, does not pay the slightest attention to the fact that he is hungry, that he has to sleep right on the ground.
The episode with the beautiful Georgian woman going down the path for water once again confirms the integrity of the young man's nature. Mtsyri is overcome by a passionate impulse, he wants to follow the girl, but, having overcome his desire, he remains true to his goal and continues the difficult path through the wilds of the forest in search of his home.
Already within the walls of the monastery and feeling the inevitable approach of death. Mtsyri is still firmly convinced that he did everything right. As proof that he did not repent of his act, that he remained true to his views and beliefs, the hero asks to be buried in the garden, in the wild, and not within the walls of this terrible prison.
In the image of Mtsyra, a strong and courageous man, one can easily guess the features of the author of the work, M. Yu. Lermontov. The main feature that unites the creator and his hero is a passionate desire to be free, not to limit himself to the framework of conventions and dogmas. The author rebels against the oppression of the individual, puts courageous words into the mouth of his brave hero, thus raising the eternal question of the rights of the individual.
Essay on literature on the topic: Mtsyri - the image of a strong man (based on the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri”)
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The poem "Mtsyri" was one of the favorite works of M.Yu. Lermontov, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, the poet was very fond of publicly reading the text of the poem and knew it all by heart.
The basis of the poem
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov Mtsyri basically contains a real story about a young monk who spent his whole life in a foreign country for him.
While in exile in the Caucasus, Lermontov meets a young monk living in Mtskheta. The monk told Mikhail Yuryevich his difficult fate: his little one was taken away from his native land and he was forced to spend his whole life in a strange country for him.
Lermontov's first ideas for the implementation of the theme of monasticism in the literary field arose as early as 1831. The poet wanted to translate what he heard in the monk's notes. Later, this idea, under the influence of the story of a monk from Mtskheta, was embodied in the poem "Mtsyri".
Elements of an autobiography
Many researchers of Lermontov's literary heritage, in particular his poem "Mtsyri", note a certain similarity between the young monk of the poem and M.Yu. Lermontov.
Belinsky argued that the poem denounces the author himself. The fates of the author and the monk, despite their apparent difference, have common ground. Loneliness and isolation from relatives - that's what makes these personalities related. Like Mtsyri, Lermontov grew up far from his relatives (his grandmother who raised him in every possible way prevented him from communicating with relatives, in particular his father). This state of affairs became the cause of despondency both in the life of Lermontov and in the life of Mtsyri. In addition, the Caucasus also makes them related: for both Mtsyra and Lermontov, he became the embodiment of freedom.
Mtsyri's life path
When Mtsyri was 6 years old, a tragedy happened in his life - a certain Russian general took the boy prisoner - thus, Mtsyri forever left his home, his family and his beloved village - aul. On the way, the boy falls ill - separation from loved ones and a difficult long road provoked this condition. One of the monks took pity on the child and took him to the monastery: “Out of pity, one monk took care of the sick man, and he was saved by friendly art within the protective walls.”
Despite disappointing forecasts, Mtsyri survived and soon turned into a handsome young man. He learned a language unfamiliar to him, which was spoken in this area, learned about the customs and peculiarities of life in this region, but he never managed to get rid of longing for his relatives and his home.
Languishing in despondency, Mtsyri makes attempts to escape and find his native village, but his intentions were not destined to come true.
Lermontov describes in detail the last escape of Mtsyra - during a thunderstorm, the young man leaves the walls of the monastery - for three days he wanders along the paths in the hope of finding the right way home, but fate is extremely unfavorable to him - such a promising road becomes a tragedy - after the fight with the leopard, the young man's strength has noticeably decreased, this was facilitated by the wounds received in the battle, in the end, the path leads Mtsyri all to the same monastery. Realizing all the hopelessness, the young man dies under the influence of wounds and general despondency.
Characteristics of personal qualities
Mtsyri became a monk by coincidence. Until the age of six, he was not full of desire to devote his life to the service of God, and in particular, he did not know anything about Christianity. It was only after he entered the monastery that he was baptized.
Like all romantic heroes, Mtsyri is in a special relationship with nature, in particular with the mountains of the Caucasus.
Life in a monastery, enclosed by bare cold walls, has a depressing effect on him. Lermontov does not tell in detail about the attitude of other monks towards Mtsyri, but, based on their general mood, it can be assumed that it did not go beyond the bounds of decency - the monks were kind to a stranger who grew up within the walls of their monastery, but they were unable to understand his spiritual groaning .
Mtsyri belongs by origin to the mountain peoples and, like his father, he was very proud in childhood: “He rejected food with a sign, and quietly, proudly died,” and did not lose this characteristic in his youth: “And, having proudly listened, the patient stood up, gathering the rest of the force.
Mtsyra's life is full of dull languor and a desire to find lost happiness: "He wandered silently, alone, looked, sighing, to the east, languishing with an obscure longing for his native side."
He has always been kind person and "did no harm to anyone." He is a pure-hearted person, like a "child". However, life in a monastery far from his homeland weighs on him. The monks are unable to understand such a melancholy of a young monk, since they themselves have never experienced it. Attachment to nature and freedom is alien to the monks, they are afraid of a thunderstorm, considering it to be the creation of God, while Mtsyri does not feel fear of this natural phenomenon at all - he is a child of nature and a thunderstorm, like any natural phenomenon, is something close and natural for him , therefore, within the walls of the Mtsyri monastery "was a stranger to them forever, like a beast of the steppe."
All the dreams and desires of Mtsyra were embodied around gaining freedom and happiness. He wants to live freely, as in childhood. For this purpose, he escapes from the monastery. Since Mtsyri has never traveled, he goes at random, guided by the view of the mountains. An unexpected meeting with a leopard began to ruin his plans. The young man had no choice but to engage in battle with a wild beast. During the fight, Mtsyri is bold and strong. He would make an excellent warrior. He defeats the leopard: “He rushed to my chest; but I managed to stick it in my throat and turn my weapon twice there.
Dear readers! We propose to follow in the story of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”.
The wounded Mtsyri moves farther and farther away from the mountains and soon goes to the vicinity of the monastery. Discouraged, he loses consciousness, the monks who found him are transferred to the walls of the monastery, which for many years was a prison for Mtsyri. The young man realizes that his cherished dream will never come true - he will die in a foreign land: “Only one thing saddens me: my corpse is cold and dumb and will not smolder in my native land.”
Thus, in the poem "Mtsyri" M.Yu. Lermontov portrayed the image of a man who was not able to resist the complexities of life and find happiness. Mtsyri always had a childish, pure soul, he was a kind person, although at the same time, gloomy and unsociable, but the reason for such gloominess was his mental anguish from separation from his natural environment and home.
The poem "Mtsyri", written by M. Lermontov in 1839, tells the reader about a few days in the life of a young novice, about his flight from the monastery and subsequent death. The main characters in the work are reduced to a minimum: this is Mtsyri himself and his elderly monk teacher. The image of Mtsyra in Lermontov's poem is the key - thanks to him, the main idea of the work is revealed.
To create the image of Mtsyri in the poem, Lermontov used a number of artistic and compositional techniques, the first of which is the genre he chose. "Mtsyri" is written in the form of a confession, and the main character is given the opportunity to tell about himself. From himself, the author will add only a few lines about the childhood of the hero. From them, the reader learns that Mtsyri, as a child, was brought to the monastery from a mountain village destroyed by the war, suffered a serious illness and was raised as a novice. True, even from this short description one can get some idea of how the author relates to the image of his hero: he describes him with unconditional sympathy. So, speaking of the illness of the Mtsyri-child, Lermontov writes: "But in him a painful illness / Then he developed a mighty spirit."
Mtsyri is “driven by obscure longing”, unsociable, and at the same time has a strong spirit - this is the image of an ideal romantic hero, so loved by Lermontov. But the author leaves the further story about Mtsyri to him. Thanks to this, the image acquires depth and sincerity, the reader, following the author, can look into the hidden corners of the hero’s soul and make an unmistakable impression of him.
What is Mtsyri? The first thing that can be noted in his character is the passion and ardent desire for life: “What is the need? You lived, old man! / You lived - I could also live! His speech is full rhetorical questions and exclamations (there are more than a dozen of them in the poem), it is poetic and figurative. Mtsyri is not ashamed to "shout and cry", experiencing grief, is not ashamed to talk about her fear and joy. He observes with lively curiosity the nature that opens before him. Everything from the slight breeze of a midday breeze to a raging thunderstorm awakens a response in his soul.
God's garden blossomed all around me;
Plant rainbow outfit
Kept traces of heavenly tears,
And curls of vines
Curled, showing off between the trees ...
Only a person with a subtle, poetic nature could say so, and the fact that Lermontov puts his highly artistic poems into the mouth of Mtsyri characterizes him from the best side. Before the reader emerges the image of a young man subtly perceiving this world, endowed with all the positive traits of character, experiencing a wonderful time of youth.
But at the same time, the image of the hero Mtsyri is an image that bears the imprint of a tragic duality. To understand this, it is necessary to refer to the name of the hero, not accidentally chosen by Lermontov. "Mtsyri" in Georgian is not only a "novice", but also a "stranger". So gradually, through the name, a romantic motif of loneliness and rejection is introduced into the poem.
Mtsyri is alien to the place where he grew up. The monks, who, by virtue of their religion, deny not only the free human spirit, but also any earthly joys, cannot understand his passionate nature. Mtsyri's love of life, his search for freedom and happiness causes them only bewilderment, it is not for nothing that the monk interrupted Mtsyri's confession "coldly" more than once. But even having made the long-awaited escape, the hero did not come close to his ideal. Yes, he enjoys a free life, but Mtsyri's nature is such that he cannot be content with little. Back home, home! - that's what he really wants. However, is this return possible?
... But soon in the depths of the forest
Lost in sight of the mountains
And then he started to go astray.
I began to climb trees;
But even at the edge of heaven
It was the same jagged forest.
Mtsyri has gone astray, his native Caucasus is so close: he can see it, and at the same time unspeakably far away, because Mtsyri does not know the way there. He does not have a natural instinct by which he could find his way through the dark forest; for many years, locked up in the monastery walls, this instinct was repulsed. And who is waiting for Mtsyri in his native, but long-devastated village? His loved ones are dead, he was the last one left, a proud but lonely prisoner of circumstances. Outwardly full of vitality and aspirations, inside Mtsyri is a “prison flower”, for which the air of freedom turned out to be disastrous. The gradual realization by the hero himself of this fact raises the image of Mtsyra to the heights of the tragic image:
... I realized then
What is the trace to my homeland
Never lay...
In order to emphasize the tragedy of the situation, Lermontov introduces two scenes: a battle with a leopard and the hero's dying delirium. They, each in their own way, reveal the image of the main character more deeply. From the episode with the battle, you can see how many more unspent forces that could be used for good are lurking in Mtsyri. And all this is destined to die! Here the image of Mtsyra merges in the poet's mind with the image of his generation of the 1830s as a whole. His contemporaries, like Mtsyri, had many ideas and aspirations, but, like Mtsyri, they lacked the strength to implement them.
Before his death, Mtsyri has a dream in which he speaks with a goldfish. This fish invites him to fall into a deep sleep at the bottom of the lake, promising peace, "free living" and his love. But does Mtsyri need peace? No, the only thing that really interests him is his homeland, and neither the fear of death nor any temptation can make him forget it. Before his death, he looks at the Caucasus, hoping that "Perhaps from his heights / He will send me farewell greetings, / Will send with a cool breeze ...".
This is how the artistically reliable image of the protagonist in the poem "Mtsyri" is formed from small scenes. Mtsyri appears before the reader free and unbroken, and at the same time a very versatile young man, whose fate could have turned out quite differently. Circumstances destroyed him, but they could not subdue him, they could not even embitter his natural, close to nature soul. Before his death, he says goodbye to distant native mountains, and expresses the hope that "I will fall asleep, / And I will not curse anyone! ...".
The disclosure of the image of the protagonist of the poem and the history of his fate will be useful to students of grade 8 when writing an essay on the topic “The image of Mtsyri in Lermontov’s poem”
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