The combination of quantitative indicators of the microclimate, which, with prolonged and systematic exposure to a person, ensures the preservation of normal thermal state body without straining the mechanisms of thermoregulation. They provide… … Official terminology

Optimal microclimatic conditions- see Microclimate of industrial premises ...

fire resistant Construction Materials and equipment, fire and smoke alarm systems reduce the risk of major fires. Adequate air exchange must be ensured in fire zones. Fire-extinguishing extinguishers are preferred over dry powder and foam extinguishers because the residue of the extinguishing agent can damage the written material.

Department of Biology, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iptapalapa Detachment, Apdo. This paper reports on roosts and species associated with this bat in Mexico. In addition, a monthly change in temperature is reported. environment and relative humidity in the cave where it is housed in Colima, Mexico, where the habits of its perch have also been observed. This bat is found in 108 shelters, which are mostly caves and mines, which were located in a wide range of altitudes, vegetation types and climates; however, most are found below 400 meters above sea level, in low deciduous forest and warm sub-humid climates.

Optimal microclimatic conditions- 7. Optimal microclimatic conditions Combinations of quantitative indicators of the microclimate, which, with prolonged and systematic exposure to a person, ensure the preservation of the normal thermal state of the body without stress ... ...

In some places where its presence was reported, it was not detected during the samples taken. In the cave of El Salitre, the temperature and humidity on their hangers remained stable throughout the year. Individuals usually hang in the lower parts of walls and on sloping roofs, also using dissolution cavities and sometimes cracks. Their great tendency to associate with morphoids and some philosmids is due, in part, to the fact that they need such microclimatic conditions in their shelters, as well as due to the thermoregulatory benefits of clustering in colonies.

MICROCLIMATE OF INDUSTRIAL PREMISES- meteorological conditions of the internal environment of the premises, which are determined by the combinations of temperature, humidity, air velocity and thermal radiation acting on the human body; a complex of physical factors that affect ... Russian encyclopedia of labor protection

This bat relies heavily on thermal caves for its survival and opportunistically occupies mines with similar micro-climatic characteristics. In addition, we observed learning habits and recorded monthly air temperature and relative humidity for one year at the start of this bat located in the state of Colima, Mexico. It has been found in 108 roosting sites, most of which are caves and mines. These vines were located in a wide range of elevations, vegetation and climates, however, most of them were located below 400 m above sea level, in tropical deciduous forests and in hot dry conditions.

GOST 12.1.005-88: Occupational safety standards system. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area- Terminology GOST 12.1.005 88: System of labor safety standards. General sanitary hygiene requirements to the air working area original document: 16. Harmful substance According to GOST 12.1.007 Definitions of the term from different documents: Harmful ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

We have not been able to find this species in some previously recorded caves. In the cave of El Salitre, the temperature and relative humidity at their lodging sites were stable throughout the year. This bat prefers to occupy the warm and humid parts of the cavities because these conditions are perfect for conserving body heat and keeping their wings in. good conditions. Its greater tendency to associate with mormopids and some phyllostomids is due in part to their similar microclimatic requirements in their refuges, as well as thermal advantages associated with clustering in colonies.

Sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises- Terminology Sanitary standards microclimate of industrial premises: 8. Permissible microclimatic conditions of a combination of microclimate parameters, which, with prolonged and systematic exposure to a person, can cause transient and quickly ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

"Pesach de esar", spreading around the world, dedicated to traditions and traditions. In relatively large and structurally complex areas such as caves and mines, several bat species usually coexist either temporarily or permanently, often forming large colonies within them, especially in tropical areas. In Mexico there is a large number of caves and mines, many of which serve as the main or alternative refuge for almost half of the bat species that are found in our country.

However, in many of these sites, the chiropterofauna they feed, their microecological parameters, and their long-term population variation have not yet been recorded. To the extent possible, these visits were carried out in shelters to visually assess the number of organisms present; when this was not possible, assessment was made by capturing organisms using entomological nets, fog nets, and harp traps as appropriate.

MICROCLIMATE REQUIREMENTS- According to GOST R 50923–96 “Displays. Workplace operator. General ergonomic and work environment requirements. Methods of measurement”, it is established that the operator’s workplace should be provided with optimal ... ... Office work and archiving in terms and definitions

Because it is a structurally challenging refuge and due to logistical means, El Salitre Cave, located in the state of Colima, was chosen to study both the microclimatic conditions required by this species and its perch habits. The rainy season covers the period from June to September, while the dry season covers the period from October to May.

Both variables were automatically recorded every 5 minutes for two continuous days in each monthly sample. Abundant habits were observed and recorded visually in a specific area of ​​the cave, complementing other observations made during raids to other shelters. Species associated with this bat have been recognized based on records obtained directly by us and the literature in question. Pulido et al. for their nomenclature. characteristics of shelters. Many of these sites are located in the southern and northern states of the country, respectively, with Yucatan and Tamaulipas where most of them are registered.

Quantitative indicators of the intensity of environmental factors, allowing the formation of optimal or acceptable conditions for human life. Designed for living conditions, diverse forms of work, nutrition, education, cultural ... Medical Encyclopedia

Industrial sanitation is a system of organizational measures and technical means that prevent or reduce the impact on workers of harmful production factors (according to GOST 12.0.002 80). The main dangerous and harmful ... Wikipedia

On the other hand, most of the mines where it has been found are located in the states of Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa and Chihuahua. The vast majority of shelters that use this species correspond to caves, occupying less often mines, and sometimes other types of structures, such as tunnels or sewer pipes.

In general, the caves used are structurally very complex, presenting one or more entrances, with several chambers and passages of very different sizes, with rough walls, cracks and gaps; with areas where there is a wide wind circulation and others where the air does not circulate and is usually saturated with ammonia. Most of them consist of limestone formations, but there are also some of them formed by metamorphic and basaltic layers. Their length is very variable, from a few meters, to several kilometers, or whose total length has not yet been determined.

microclimate- microclimate, 1) the climate of the surface air layer of a small area (district, terrain, field, etc.). In nature, microclimatic features are generated by unequal processes of heating, cooling, moistening, drying ... ... Agriculture. Big encyclopedic dictionary

Tunnels correspond to structures made of concrete or brick, several meters wide and high, exclusively with a length of more than 200 ms; its walls are very damp and have water on the floor. The climate prevailing in the area where each refuge was located also varies from very hot to suhumid, although most correspond to warm sub-humid or sub-humid sub-humids.

Faces have always been found in the deeper, darker, and usually damp parts of caves and mines. Only at "Arroyo del Bellaco" and "Los Lagueta" did we record very warm temperatures, and at "El Amparo" and "San Sebastián de las Grutas" did we record moderate temperatures.

Characteristics of microclimatic conditions

One of necessary conditions healthy and highly productive labor in the production of the chemical industry is to ensure normal microclimatic conditions, which are important characteristic sanitary and hygienic working conditions. The microclimatic conditions in the workplace include air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity.

The radiant energy emitted by heated equipment (infrared radiation) also has a significant effect on the microclimate, as a result, ce can also be attributed to factors production environment defining conditions in the workplace.

Microclimatic conditions both in the production room as a whole and in individual places are very often changeable and depend on the meteorological conditions of the outside atmosphere, the power of heat sources in industrial premises, location of the workplace, air exchange, etc.

Callable meteorological conditions thermal exposure or exposure to cold can lead to significant changes in the vital activity of the human body and, as a result, to a decrease in labor productivity, an increase in the general morbidity of workers.

Air temperature is one of the main factors that determine the microclimate of the production environment and are responsible for the performance and well-being of workers.

Humidity is the content of water vapor in it. Humidity is absolute, maximum and relative. Absolute humidity is expressed in partial pressure of water vapor (in Pa) or in weight units (in g/m3). Maximum humidity - the amount of moisture at full saturation of air at a given temperature. Relative humidity - the ratio of absolute and maximum humidity, expressed as a percentage. The difference between absolute and maximum humidity is defined as the saturation deficit.

Air humidity, as well as temperature, in industrial premises can vary widely depending on the nature of the process. In a number of industries where there are sources of moisture release - open containers with water or aqueous solutions, especially hot ones - the relative humidity of the air can reach a high level (80 ... 100%).

Air movement in production conditions is created by convection currents as a result of uneven heating of air masses from heat sources.

Radiant energy is electromagnetic radiation that has wave and quantum properties and is found in industrial conditions in the wavelength range from 100 nm to 500 microns (0.78 ... 500 microns - infrared region, 100 ... 400 nm - ultraviolet). The intensity of thermal radiation at workplaces for various production operations ranges from 0.02 to 3 ... 3.5 W / m2, and sometimes more (for solar radiation on the earth's surface, the thermal effect is 0.25 ... 0.3 W/m2).

The need to take into account and control all these parameters is caused by the fact that a constant heat exchange takes place between a person and his environment, which consists in the relationship between the formation of heat as a result of the vital activity of the organism and the release or receipt of heat from the external environment.

The dominant role in heat exchange processes in humans belongs to the physiological mechanisms of regulation of heat transfer through surface tissues. For the normal course of physiological processes in the human body, it is necessary that the heat released by the body be removed to the environment.

The ratio between the amount of this heat and the cooling capacity of the medium characterizes cc as comfortable. In conditions of comfort, a person does not have disturbing thermal sensations - cold or overheating. The amount of heat release by the human body depends on the degree of physical stress in certain microclimatic conditions and ranges from 80 J/s (resting state) to 500 J/s (hard work).

Ability human body to maintain a constant body temperature when changing the parameters of the microclimate and when performing work of varying severity is called thermoregulation. It is provided by establishing a certain relationship between heat generation as a result of changes in metabolism (chemical thermoregulation) and heat transfer (physical thermoregulation).

In the case of physical thermoregulation, heat transfer can be carried out:

1. convection - direct heat transfer from the surface of the body to less heated layers of air flowing to it; the intensity of heat transfer by convection is proportional to the surface area of ​​the body, the temperature difference between the body and the environment, and the speed of air movement;
2. radiation - heat transfer in the direction of surfaces with a lower temperature; under normal conditions, it is small, but with a difference in temperature differences between the surrounding surfaces and open parts of the human body, it can lead to a feeling of discomfort;
3. evaporation - heat transfer during the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the body (sweating); can vary over a very wide range depending on the microclimate, clothing, the severity of the work performed.

In comfortable weather conditions (air temperature 18 ... 22 ° C) and at rest, heat transfer from people is 77.5% in the case of convection and about 2.0% during evaporation.

The complex process of physical and chemical thermoregulation under production conditions is characterized by diverse changes and interactions of the physiological functions of the body.

At a high ambient temperature, the temperature of open areas of the skin and the whole body rises, and during physical work, significant sweating is observed, which in turn leads to a sharp violation of the water-salt balance and a change in metabolism. Under such conditions, the human body work shift loses 20 ... 50 g of sodium chloride instead of 10 g under normal conditions and up to 3 ... 5 liters of water.

Studies have established that at 18 ° C a person can work with full dedication. While working in a "hot" microclimate (at 30 °C), labor productivity is reduced by 20...30%.

At temperatures in industrial premises below the body surface temperature, an increase in heat loss by convection and evaporation contributes to an increase in the speed of air movement. At high temperatures medium, high air velocities do not always contribute to an increase in heat loss, in some cases this can lead to the opposite phenomenon, i.e., to an increase in heat load.

Humidity plays an important role in this. An increase in the moisture content in the air (<р = 85%) способствует уменьшению физиологического дефицита насыщения и тем самым приводит к ограничению теплопотерь. При пониженных температурах роль влажности значительно меньше.

Radiant energy arising from various highly heated materials and equipment is extremely dangerous for the human body. Such radiation is more easily absorbed and penetrates into the tissues of the human body, causing an increase in body temperature and internal organs, a violation of the functional state of the central nervous system.

A persistent violation of thermoregulation due to systematic overheating or hypothermia of the body causes a number of specific diseases: overheating, convulsions, cardiovascular diseases, etc.

Barometric pressure has a certain effect on the human body, since it affects the partial pressure of the main components of air - oxygen and nitrogen, and, consequently, the breathing process. Human life can take place in a fairly wide range of pressures - about 550 ... 950 mm Hg. Art. However, for human health, it is not the magnitude of pressure itself that is important, but its rapid change.

Since a person feels normal when weather conditions change only within certain limits, their strict rationing must be carried out in production.