The official language of our country is Russian. Languages ​​of the peoples of Russia. Language families on the territory of the Russian Federation

What is the state Russian language - two aspects of one concept

The modern Russian literary language is one of the most universal languages ​​in the world. With its help, absolutely any thought and concept can be expressed in several ways and fixed in the mind of the listener with varying degrees of accuracy and detail. In grammars and reference books, the structure and lexical composition of the Russian language are described to the extent of completeness that corresponds to the current level of linguistic knowledge.

The Russian language has a developed conceptual and semantic structure, the presence of a comprehensive corpus of original texts in all functional varieties and social functions. This makes it possible for the Russian language to function as one of the world languages. Ideas about Russian as a state language Russian Federation require a special interpretation, since they can be interpreted in two equal and complementary aspects.

Firstly, the Russian language, understood as an integral sign-communicative system, in the status of the state language is legally distinguished from the languages ​​of other indigenous peoples of Russia. Understanding the special role of the Russian language in the life of our country corresponds to the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” (No. 53-FZ of June 1, 2005), which states that “ in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is Russian". The Russian language is recognized as a language common in all regions of Russia and uniting the entire territory of our multilingual country. This is the most universal language of Russia - it is expressed and recorded in an extensive corpus of texts (original and translated) essential knowledge about the world and society.

Secondly, the state status of the language, understood as a practical, social function, highlights that part of the Russian literary language that is used by state authorities and administration as not only the language of laws and regulations, but, no less important, as the language of official communication. . Such an understanding of the state status of the Russian language corresponds to the content of Article 3 of the Federal Law on Language, which describes its functional properties. So, paragraph 1 of this article says that the state language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use " in the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership, including in the activities of record keeping", and paragraph 4 obliges to use the Russian language" in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation" etc.

Functions of the state language

The range of theoretical issues discussed in connection with the problems of the functioning of the Russian language as a state language is usually exhausted by direct consequences from the statement that the grammatical and lexical repertoire of language tools used to solve state problems and realize state interests should be understandable to any competent native speaker of the Russian language. and, therefore, must comply with the norms of the general literary language. Such an interpretation of the state status does not require a special description of the norms, procedures and rules for using the language in this capacity, because. the normative and stylistic characteristics of linguistic means are elaborated in detail in dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language. However, the idea of ​​the mandatory normative nature of the use of linguistic means used in the socio-political, national-cultural, official-business, legal spheres of speech activity cannot be limited to general requirements compliance with orthoepic, spelling, punctuation or stylistic norms of the language. Distinctive properties of linguistic means functioning in thematically, compositionally and stylistically stable types of text, united by the official business style of speech, are the features of the communicative tasks implemented with their help, and the specificity of the pragmatic orientation of rhetorical constructions.

To describe the functions of the state language in this sense means to give functional characteristic language means of the state language. This means the need to describe the rules and norms of the linguistic interpretation of the text as a structural and conceptual whole, connecting the authorities and the people, society and an individual through communicative and pragmatic relations. social group, business owners and employees, officials and civil society. Without detailed description functions of linguistic means used in the state language, legally significant situations of informational or documentary disputes will continue to arise, when normative, regular interpretations of the text turn out to be officially indistinguishable from arbitrary interpretations that generate random semantic results.

Genre features of speech activity in the areas of use
state language of the Russian Federation

The functional properties of the state Russian language are fully manifested in texts designed in an official business style. This style of the literary language is formed in those areas of speech activity in which it is preferable to use a predetermined set of language tools, standard ways of deploying thoughts about a certain range of topics of discussion. In the official business style, a single speech etiquette is maintained and the obligatory adherence to such rhetorical patterns of speech construction that the best way able to provide semantic clarity, understandability, neutrality of the act of communication. For this reason, colloquially reduced, dialectal words and expressions are excluded from official texts, metaphorical meanings are not used.

The official business style is traditionally implemented in the texts of diplomatic, legal documents, instructions, orders and other official papers from the modern workflow. This style is gradually spreading to the sphere of business communication- trainings, negotiations, presentations, etc. The rapid growth in the volume of speech activity in this genre leads to the need to develop modern norms and rules that contribute to the development and improvement of this style of literary language.

The content of official business style documents is subject to such requirements that are designed to eliminate all kinds of ambiguities and discrepancies. Speech, built according to the patterns and rules of the official business style, is the result of a consistent assembly of the meanings of words and phrases into statements that are devoid of individuality, but have a predictable, uniformly extractable meaning. As a result, the distinguishing features of the texts of this genre are clarity, accuracy, specificity, clarity of wording, as well as conciseness of presentation and special forms of material arrangement. Sometimes the virtues of style turn into its disadvantages. For example, the rule that allows the sequential subordination of the same type of forms in the attributive meaning of the genitive case has no formal restrictions, therefore, it allows you to create constructions like: " Department for work with citizens' appeals and organizing the reception of the population of the Department of Administration of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation". And the rules that allow the construction of abbreviations from the names of enterprises allow the formation of names like: company "Volgovyatelektromashsnabsbyt". Given the rules that apply in other language styles, such names seem impossible. However, for a business style, this name, although it can be assessed as somewhat long, is quite understandable and has an important advantage - it is unique, and therefore easily recognizable. Moreover, it is quite convenient to use it in writing, because. it changes in a standard way for cases and numbers (cf.: demand from Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt, transfer to Volgovyatelectromashsnabsbyt).

Tasks of examination of texts in the state language

Texts generated in the socio-political, legal, socio-economic spheres of human activity usually operate with information presented in the form of facts, therefore official business texts should be devoid of signs of an individual author's style and be understood unambiguously. To do this, they must be created according to a certain scheme, using words that have clear connections with the concepts that motivate them. All this inevitably gives rise to the need to develop practical language rules that ensure not only the unification of the data structure, but also allow you to significantly save time both when preparing texts and when reading them. The public need for rules intended for official business texts is realized through the development of special state standards.

The first such obligatory set of rules, adopted to eliminate inconsistency and inconsistency in the spelling of words, when they were transferred and the rules for highlighting syntactic units, were the “Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation”, officially approved only in 1956. Since then, several standards have been adopted in the country that apply to official business texts (on information, librarianship and publishing). Today in the Russian Federation, many written, printed works and publications (laws and by-laws, administrative documents, educational, reference literature, abstracts, theses, essays, etc.) are prepared and executed according to certain well-established rules. Standards for paperwork in the field of office work in various areas have been adopted or are being developed professional activity(for example, GOST 7.32-2001, which defines the structure and rules for preparing reports on research work), many departments independently develop internal standards for conditional abbreviations, abbreviations, numerical designations of quantitative indicators, accounting documentation, etc.

At the same time, many official documents that are similar structurally and thematically are prepared without relying on exemplary texts, without taking into account the opinions of language experts. The time has come to move from formal unification to the development of language standards that would take into account the specifics of word order, the features of rhetorical constructions related to the communicative tasks of the text and its target orientation. However, this work cannot be carried out without the participation of specialists in the field of official business Russian. As studies show, the applied patterns and rules for the linear construction of speech, intended, it would seem, to ensure the most reliable communication, sometimes contradict each other. Convincing examples of this can be found even in the texts of federal laws. Usually, if there is a need for their additional interpretation, it is customary to rely on the results of grammatical and parsing text. The importance of the language formulation of the norm for its understanding and application has been repeatedly confirmed by practice. Verbal inaccuracy, the absence of a comma, the wrong case, the wrong kind of verb can significantly distort the meaning of a normative act, lead to the fact that the act will be understood and applied in a completely different way than the law-making body intended.

Of course, if the rules of spelling or punctuation are violated in the text, then the text must be understood as if this error did not exist. However, in some cases it can be difficult to decide whether this is an error or whether the text contains the meaning that follows when read literally. In this case, a study of a broader context is required, which can be carried out only after an examination of the text.

In turn, linguistic examination of the text can be carried out only if, firstly, there are authoritative reference books containing a detailed normative description of the entire arsenal of language tools used in all areas of speech activity of the modern Russian literary language, and, secondly, based on proven methods linguistic characteristics of the text, the use of which would give reasonable and evidence-based data about its content.

Such techniques should contribute to the fulfillment of the main task of the linguist, which is to select the available textual information according to the rules of linguistic analysis and characterize it. To do this, the source text must undergo expert processing - its content must be interpreted according to clear rules, reduced and converted into analytical and reference information containing linguistic knowledge about the text and knowledge about the real world reflected in the text.

State tasks of language building in Russia

The Russian language in the function of the state language needs to be purposefully strengthened and developed. After all, they acquired state status in legislative form only with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 No. 1807-I “On the Languages ​​of the Peoples of the Russian Federation”. It was then that the official recognition of the Russian language as the state language took place. Later, the legislative norms approving the state status of the Russian language in the Russian Federation were enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 and in the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation” dated June 1, 2005 No. 53-FZ.

The adopted legislative norms make it possible to determine the procedure for the formation, development and regulation of the language means of the modern Russian literary language used in the state function. To do this, it is necessary to carry out research work to clarify the declarative norms and procedural rules for the use of that part of the language means that is used in the function of the state language, as well as to explore and describe the cognitive properties of the language apparatus, conduct a complete inventory and create a reliable description of the language tools used in this function.

A separate problem that requires special regulation is the problem of legal control, maintaining and strengthening the status of that part of the Russian literary language that is used as the state language of the Russian Federation. Russian state, whose citizens speak one of the world languages, should be interested in the development and improvement of those language tools that are used in speech activities that promote national humanitarian values. From this point of view, it can be argued that the state function of the Russian language is to consolidate and develop knowledge about moral principles. public life in Russia, traditional moral values ​​and social norms. Any state should cultivate the speech reflection of society on issues related to the freedom of the individual, with the possibilities of the moral choice of the individual, with the development of the country's socio-cultural heritage; with the encouragement of respect for the faith, language, traditions and customs of the ancestors; with a discussion of the problems of social justice, goodness, kindness, humanity, tolerance for a different point of view, respect for the rights of religious denominations, etc. Any language or speech restrictions in this area are fraught with stagnation of the national language, delays and lags in its development relative to other world languages.

In order to maintain national sovereignty in the field of international information exchange, the state must actively develop the practice of public speech activity in Russian. Until recently, the Russian language acted as a convenient and full-fledged channel of communication with foreign-language partners. However, now that information technology uses the Latin alphabet and English vocabulary, English is used as the working language of scientific conferences, international negotiations are often conducted on both sides without an interpreter in English language, the prestige of other officially recognized world languages ​​is falling. Accordingly, the linguistic and cultural sovereignty of countries that speak other languages ​​is subject to significant restrictions.

The new "regional" status of the former world languages ​​has to be interpreted as a clear sign of the reduction of their cultural and scientific significance. In order to prevent further decline in the status and role of the Russian language in the world, it is necessary to actively develop and improve national language building. To do this, it is necessary to achieve not only that texts containing world achievements of scientific thought in humanitarian, socio-political, economic research, the best works of art, etc., are presented in Russian, but also that authors and readers texts had a clear idea of ​​the semantic-grammatical rules and norms of speech use of language means.

of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-1 "On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation" and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation.

Judicial practice and legislation - 53-FZ On the state language of the Russian Federation

law

the number of resources for scientific and information support for the implementation of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation";

the share of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organizing the analysis of the results of the final essay in the final grades, as well as the development of measures to improve the quality of teaching in the Russian language together with public professional organizations, in the total number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

the number of resources for scientific and information support for the implementation of the Federal Law "On the State Language of the Russian Federation";

the share of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation organizing the analysis of the results of the final essay in the final grades, as well as the development of measures to improve the quality of teaching in the Russian language together with public professional organizations, in the total number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

5. A textual warning about limiting the dissemination of information products among children is made in Russian, and in cases established by the Federal Law of June 1, 2005 N 53-FZ "On the state language of the Russian Federation", in the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation , other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

Throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, the official language is Russian. This provision of the Constitution (part 1 of article 68) is very important in a state where people of more than 100 nationalities live. And this is not an artificial imposition, since 85% of the population are Russians and the vast majority of people of other nationalities are. 74% of Chechens, 80% of Ingush, 79% of Karachays, 69% of Mari consider (according to the 1989 census) Russian as their native language.

The recognition of the Russian language as the state language means that it is studied in educational institutions, official documents are published in it, work is carried out in legislative and executive bodies of state power, and courts. At the same time, the Law on the languages ​​of the peoples of the RSFSR of October 25, 1991 (as amended on July 24, 1998) provides that citizens who do not speak Russian may use their native language in state bodies, organizations and institutions, and in certain cases (for example, in court), they are provided with appropriate translation.

The establishment of the Russian language as the state language does not exclude the right of certain subjects of the Federation to establish their state languages. This right is granted (part 2 of article 68 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) to the republics. In public authorities, local self-government bodies, state institutions of the republics, these languages ​​are used along with the state language of the Russian Federation 6 .

However, there are only twenty-one republics that make up the Russian Federation, and there are many more peoples inhabiting the country. Their languages ​​are recognized in Russia as a national treasure of the state, and the Constitution of the Russian Federation secured the right of all peoples to preserve their native language, create conditions for its study and development. Citizens of Russia have the right to receive basic general education in their native language, they have the right to create national clubs, studios and art groups, organize libraries, circles and studios for the study of the national language, all-Russian, republican and other associations. In places of compact residence of national groups, the use of their language in local official office work is allowed. State programs provide for financial and other measures aimed at preserving and developing the languages ​​of the peoples of Russia.

1.4. Customs, monetary and tax systems

From an economic point of view, the Russian Federation is a single market. It is not allowed to establish customs borders, duties, fees and any other obstacles to the free movement of goods, services and financial resources on its territory. The regulation of relations related to the customs common to the Russian Federation is carried out by the Customs Code of the Russian Federation, the Law on Customs Tariff, a number of decrees of the President and resolutions of the Government of Russia. Consequently, in the Russian Federation it is unacceptable to create customs borders between different subjects of the Federation.

But certain circumstances may make it necessary to restrict the movement of goods and services. The Russian Constitution provides for such circumstances, but establishes the possibility of restrictions only through the adoption of a federal law and only for certain purposes: ensuring security, protecting human life and health, protecting nature and cultural values. Thus, a barrier is placed to any kind of local and bureaucratic "creativity" that can arbitrarily interfere with the "unity of the economic space" and "free movement of goods, services and financial resources", which are one of the foundations of the constitutional order (Article 8 of the Constitution). Some of the grounds for restricting the freedom of movement of goods and services are provided for in federal laws on the state of emergency, on weapons, and on the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.

In the Russian Federation, there is a single monetary system, and the ruble is recognized as the monetary unit. Consequently, the subjects of the Federation are not entitled to introduce and issue their own money. The issue of money is carried out exclusively by the Central Bank of Russia, which protects and secures the ruble. The Central Bank operates independently of other state authorities 7 .

In the Russian Federation, both the Federation itself and its subjects have the right to impose taxes. At the federal level, only a law can establish a system of taxes levied on the federal budget. The federal law should also determine the general principles of taxation and fees. Consequently, the subjects of the Federation, having the right to impose taxes, are obliged to do so in accordance with general principles established for the entire country.

The federation has the right to issue state loans, but only in the manner determined by federal law. This limits the ability of the executive branch to issue loans at its own discretion, which could pose a serious threat to the country's financial system. Loans should be placed on a voluntary basis, that is, they should not be compulsory for citizens and organizations.

This Federal Law is aimed at ensuring the use of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation, protecting and developing linguistic culture.

Article 1 Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation

1. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the state language of the Russian Federation throughout its territory is the Russian language.

2. The status of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation provides for the obligatory use of the Russian language in the areas defined by this Federal Law, other federal laws, the Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-I "On the Languages ​​of the Peoples of the Russian Federation" and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, its protection and support, as well as ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation.

3. The procedure for approving the norms of the modern Russian literary language when it is used as the state language of the Russian Federation, the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The state language of the Russian Federation is a language that promotes mutual understanding, strengthening interethnic ties between the peoples of the Russian Federation in a single multinational state.

5. Protection and support of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation contribute to the multiplication and mutual enrichment of the spiritual culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

6. When using the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, it is not allowed to use words and expressions that do not correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language, with the exception of foreign words that do not have commonly used analogues in the Russian language.

7. The obligation to use the state language of the Russian Federation shall not be interpreted as a denial or derogation of the right to use the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation and the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

Article 2 Legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation and consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws, Law of the Russian Federation of October 25, 1991 N 1807-I "On languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation" and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the problems of the language.

Article 3 Spheres of use of the state language of the Russian Federation

1. The official language of the Russian Federation is subject to mandatory use:

1) in the activities of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership, including in the activities of record keeping;

2) in the names of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local self-government bodies, organizations of all forms of ownership;

3) during the preparation and conduct of elections and referendums;

4) in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative proceedings, proceedings in arbitration courts, proceedings in federal courts, proceedings and proceedings before justices of the peace and in other courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

6) in relations between federal state authorities, state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership and citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, public associations;

7) when writing the names of geographical objects, applying inscriptions on road signs;

8) when drawing up documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, preparing forms of certificates of state registration of acts of civil status, drawing up documents on education issued by state-accredited educational institutions, as well as other documents, the execution of which in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, when registering the addresses of senders and recipients of telegrams and postal items sent within the Russian Federation, postal money orders;

9) in the activities of all-Russian, regional and municipal television and radio broadcasting organizations, editorial offices of all-Russian, regional and municipal printed periodicals, with the exception of the activities of television and radio broadcasting organizations and editorial offices of printed periodicals established specifically for television and (or) radio broadcasting or publishing printed materials on state the languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages, and also with the exception of cases where the use of vocabulary that does not comply with the norms of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation is an integral part of the artistic design;

11) in other areas defined by federal laws.

2. In cases of use in the areas specified in part 1 of this article, along with the state language of the Russian Federation, the state language of the republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign language texts in Russian and in the state language of a republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must be identical in content and technical design, made legible, audio information (including including in audio and audiovisual materials, television and radio programs) in Russian and the specified information in the state language of the republic that is part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or a foreign language, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, must also be identical in content, sound and transmission methods.

3. The provisions of part 2 of this article do not apply to trade names, trademarks, service marks, as well as television and radio programs, audio and audiovisual materials, printed publications intended for teaching the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

Article 4 Protection and support of the state language of the Russian Federation

In order to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation, federal government bodies, within their competence:

1) ensure the functioning of the state language of the Russian Federation throughout the territory of the Russian Federation;

2) develop and adopt federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, develop and implement relevant federal targeted programs aimed at protecting and supporting the state language of the Russian Federation;

3) take measures aimed at ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation;

4) take measures to improve the education system and the system of training specialists in the field of the Russian language and teachers of Russian as a foreign language, as well as train scientific and pedagogical personnel for educational institutions with instruction in Russian outside the Russian Federation;

5) promote the study of the Russian language outside the Russian Federation;

6) carry out state support for the publication of dictionaries and grammars of the Russian language;

7) exercise control over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation;

8) take other measures to protect and support the state language of the Russian Federation.

Article 5. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation provides for:

1) receiving education in Russian in state and municipal educational institutions;

2) obtaining information in Russian from federal state authorities, state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership;

3) obtaining information in Russian through all-Russian, regional and municipal mass media. This provision does not apply to mass media established specifically for television and (or) radio broadcasting or publication of printed materials in the state languages ​​of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation, other languages ​​​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation or foreign languages.

2. Persons who do not speak the state language of the Russian Federation, when exercising and protecting their rights and legitimate interests on the territory of the Russian Federation, in cases provided for by federal laws, are provided with the right to use the services of translators.

Article 6. Liability for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation

1. Adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at restricting the use of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as other actions and violations that impede the exercise of the right of citizens to use the state language of the Russian Federation, entail liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Violation of this Federal Law entails liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 7 Entry into force of this Federal Law

This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

The president
Russian Federation
V. Putin

The state language of all subjects of the Russian Federation is Russian. The definition of statehood contributes to mutual understanding and spiritual growth of representatives of nationalities living on the territory of the Russian Federation. To protect and systematically develop the main means of communication, a clearly defined concept of the relevant regulatory act is necessary.

Federal Law "On the State Language" N 53-FZ was adopted by the State Duma on May 20 and approved by the Federal Council on May 25, 2005. The normative act in question came into force on June 1, 2005. The current law regulates the provision of the use of the Russian language throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the legal rights of citizens related to the protection and development of the state dialect.

The current text of Federal Law 53-FZ consists of seven articles:

• Article 1. Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation;
• Article 2. Legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation;
• Article 3. Spheres of use of the state language of the Russian Federation;
• Article 4. Protection and support of the state language of the Russian Federation;
• Article 5. Ensuring the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to use the state language of the Russian Federation;
• Article 6. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the state language of the Russian Federation;
• Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law.

According to paragraph 1 of Article 1 the law in question Russian is established as the state language on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The regulation for determining modern literary and linguistic norms is established Government of the Russian Federation (article 1, paragraph 3). In the use of Russian literary and language norms, as state ones, swearing and obscene words are not allowed ( article 1, paragraph 6).

According to paragraph 7 of the article under consideration, the derogation of the right to communicate in the native dialect of citizens of the Russian Federation belonging to ethnic minorities is not permissible. Knowledge of the Russian language on the territory of Russia is mandatory, according to the law, communication between citizens can take place in any language. Any prohibition of communication in foreign dialects is considered unlawful.

Legislation on the norms of Russian speech is based on the provisions of the following regulations (Article 2):

• the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law "On the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation" N 1807-1, adopted on October 25, 1991;
• The considered law N 53-FZ;
• Other normative acts regulating language issues.

According to regulations article 3 Federal Law 53-FZ, and the use of Russian literary speech is mandatory:

• In the activities of all state authorities;
• In the names of state bodies;
• During the election campaign, the process of holding elections and referendums,
  in judicial proceedings on the territory of the Russian Federation, including the Magistrate's Court;
• With the official publication of documentation of international treaties of the Russian Federation;
• When carrying out inscriptions on signs regulating traffic;
• When drawing up state documents of the Russian Federation;
• In advertising and materials provided by the media;
• In literary works, provided they are performed in public.

As part of the protection of the linguistic diversity of Russian speech, state bodies take the following actions (Article 4):

• Ensuring the use of Russian speech throughout the Russian Federation;
• Develop a concept to improve the level of education in the field of Russian philology;
• Contribute to the study of the Russian language by foreigners - both within the Russian Federation and abroad;
• Contribute to the production of dictionaries and grammar books;
• They control the purity and absence of obscene language in Russian speech and compliance with this law.

Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to education, receive any information and communicate in the state (Russian) language. Foreigners and citizens of the Russian Federation who speak a different dialect have the right to use the services of an interpreter.

Like other federal laws of the Russian Federation, FZ-53 regularly undergoes the necessary changes. The last amendments to the current law were introduced on May 5, 2014.

Download 53 Federal Law on the state language of the Russian Federation

For a detailed study of the current Federal Law
“On the state language” N 53-FZ and the latest amendments made to it, you should familiarize yourself with the current provisions. You can download the current text of FZ-53 at

Recent changes in the Federal Law on the state language of the Russian Federation

The latest version of the considered Federal Law 53-FZ was made on May 5, 2014. The basis for the amendment was Federal Law N 101-FZ. AT article 3 of the current normative act, clarifications appeared regarding the choice of language dubbing or titles for public screening of films. The article in question has been updated point 9.2, stating that the use of Russian speech is mandatory for public reading of literary works, conducting concerts and staging performances.

Previously, significant amendments were made July 2, 2013. The basis for the amendments was the Federal Law “On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and Recognizing Legislative Acts (Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts) of the Russian Federation as invalid in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” N 185-FZ.

Changes have been made articles 3 and 4 actual law. AT
according with the provisions of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" sample "N, adopted on December 20, 2012, in point 8 of part 1 of article 3 it is indicated that the Russian language is necessarily used in the preparation and printing of documentation confirming the level of education or qualifications of a citizen.

Article 4, paragraph 4 The regulation in question states that as part of the protection and promotion of the foundations of Russian traditions in a foreign community, state educational institutions train appropriate personnel. Teachers of Russian as a foreign language carry out their activities both within the Russian Federation and abroad, in the relevant educational institutions.

Amendment from 185-FZ in article 4, paragraph 4 word "institutions" changed to "organizations".