All-Russian Fascist Organization(VFO) - existed in 1933-1942 in the USA under the leadership of Anastasy Vonsiatsky.

Established May 10, 1933 in Thompson (USA, Connecticut). VFO name used for brevity (full name - All-Russian National Revolutionary Labor and Workers' and Peasants' Party of Fascists ).

After 1935, it was named the All-Russian National Revolutionary Party. The party, which consisted of white emigrants, was small in number, but financially strong. In 1933-1941. The party published a monthly illustrated newspaper, Fascist. From 1935 to 1942 in Shanghai, the party published the newspaper "Russian Avant-Garde".

Party history.

In 1933, Vonsiatsky visited Berlin, where he took part in a conference of Russian fascists. Together with his party, the RNSD and the Young Russians were represented at the conference.

In 1934, in Yokohama, the Russian Fascist Party (RFP) and the All-Russian Federal District attempted to merge, as a result of which the All-Russian Fascist Party was created (Protocol No. 1 was signed on April 3, 1934, which proclaimed the merger of R. F. P. and V. F. O. and the creation of the All-Russian Fascist Party (V.F.P.)). It was supposed to combine the organizational beginning of the RFP and the financial resources of the VFO. April 26, 1934 in Harbin at the 2nd (unifying) Congress of the Russian Fascists, the official unification of the VFO and RFP took place and the creation of the All-Russian Fascist Party took place.

A complete merger was rather problematic, because Vonsiatsky was opposed to anti-Semitism and considered the backbone of the RFP - the Cossacks and monarchists - an anachronism. In October-December 1934, there was a break in relations between K. V. Rodzaevsky and A. A. Vonsiatsky.

In 1940 - December 1941 there was a renewal of cooperation between K. V. Rodzaevsky and A. A. Vonsiatsky, interrupted by the beginning of the Japanese-American war.

The Party had a printed organ - the newspaper "Fashist".

In June - July 1942, A. A. Vonsiatsky was arrested, and then convicted and sentenced by the Hartford District Court to five years in prison and a fine of $ 5,000 on charges of spying for the Axis. VFO after arrest A. Vonsiatsky actually ceased to exist, and was later closed by the FBI during the campaign to eliminate fascist activities after the US entered the Second world war. In 1946, after the end of World War II and the death of Roosevelt, A. A. Vonsiatsky was released ahead of schedule, after spending 4 years in prison.

Party Anthem

The party had an anthem, sung to the tune of the Horst Wessel Song, which expressed the call of the WFO for the speedy overthrow of the communist regime of the USSR:

The dawn is near... Banners are higher, brothers!
Death to the executioners of freedom dear!
Ringing sword of the fascist enemies of the curse
Will sweep forever their bloody system.

Companions! Our native land is waiting for us!
All under the banner! Motherland is calling...
Vonsiatsky-Leader, treason, despising cowardice,
It will lead us, the Nazis, to the feat.

Shirts are black, get ready for battle!
We will close the iron front of the fascists
And on the enemy, forward, with an iron wall
Fearlessly, as one, we will all go.

The solemn day of victory will come,
The collective farm and Stalin will fly off the GPU,
And the swastika over the Kremlin will shine brightly,
And the black system will pass through Moscow.

Anthem performed by A.A. Vonsyatsky, D.I. Kunle and L.B. Mammadov was recorded on a gramophone record at a speed of 78 revolutions.

Great Patriotic War, unfortunately, there were many examples of betrayal of Soviet citizens - military and civilian, who transferred to the service of the enemy. Someone made their choice out of hatred for the Soviet political system, someone was guided by considerations of personal gain, having been captured or ended up in occupied territory. Back in the 1920s and 1930s. Several Russian fascist organizations appeared, created by emigrants - followers of fascist ideology. Oddly enough, one of the most powerful anti-Soviet fascist movements was formed not even in Germany or any other European country, but in eastern Asia - in Manchuria. And it acted under the direct tutelage of the Japanese special services, interested in using Russian fascists for propaganda, espionage and sabotage in the Far East and Siberia.

August 30, 1946 Military board The Supreme Court of the USSR completed the consideration of the case, begun on August 26, on charges against a group of persons of state treason and conducting an armed struggle against Soviet Union to overthrow the Soviet system. Among the defendants - G.S. Semenov, A.P. Baksheev, L.F. Vlasevsky, B.N. Sheptunov, L.P. Okhotin, I.A. Mikhailov, N.A. Ukhtomsky and K.V. Rodzaevsky. Familiar surnames.

Grigory Mikhailovich Semyonov (1890-1946) - the same famous Cossack chieftain, lieutenant general of the White Army, who commanded anti-Soviet armed formations operating in Transbaikalia and the Far East during the Civil War. Semenovtsy became famous for their atrocities even against the background of other, in general, not inclined to excessive humanism armed formations during the Civil War. A hereditary Transbaikalian Cossack, Grigory Semenov, even before becoming chieftain, showed himself to be a brave warrior on the fronts of the First World War. A graduate of the Orenburg Cossack cadet school, he fought in Poland - as part of the Nerchinsk regiment of the Ussuri brigade, then participated in a campaign in Iranian Kurdistan, fought on the Romanian front. When the revolution began, Semenov turned to Kerensky with a proposal to form a Buryat-Mongolian regiment and received the "go-ahead" for this from the Provisional Government. It was Semyonov who, in December 1917, broke up the soviets in Manchuria and formed the Daurian Front. By the beginning of the Civil War in Russia, the first experience of cooperation between Semenov and the Japanese dates back. Already in April 1918, a Japanese unit of 540 soldiers and 28 officers under the command of Captain Okumura entered the Special Manchurian Detachment formed by Semenov. January 4, 1920 A.V. Kolchak handed over to G.M. Semenov, the fullness of military and civil power in the "Russian Eastern Outskirts". However, by 1921 the position of the Whites in the Far East had deteriorated so much that Semyonov was forced to leave Russia. He emigrated to Japan. After the puppet state of Manchukuo was created in Northeast China in 1932 under the formal control of the last Qing emperor Pu Yi, and in fact completely controlled by Japan, Semenov settled in Manchuria. He was given a house in Dairen and was given a pension of 1,000 Japanese yen.

"Russian Bureau" and Japanese special services

concentrated in Manchuria a large number of Russian emigrants. First of all, these were officers and Cossacks, ousted from Transbaikalia, the Far East, Siberia after the victory of the Bolsheviks. In addition, quite numerous Russian communities lived in Harbin and some other Manchurian cities since pre-revolutionary times, including engineers, technical specialists, merchants, and employees of the CER. Harbin was even called the "Russian city". The total Russian population of Manchuria was at least 100 thousand people. The Japanese secret services, which controlled the political situation in Manchukuo, were always extremely attentive and interested in Russian emigration, since they considered it based on the prospects of using it against Soviet power in the Far East and Central Asia. In order to more effectively manage the political processes in the Russian emigration, in 1934 the Bureau for Russian Emigrants in the Manchurian Empire (BREM) was created. It was headed by Lieutenant General Veniamin Rychkov (1867-1935), an old tsarist officer who until May 1917 commanded the 27th Army Corps, then the Tyumen Military District of the Directory, and later served with Semenov. In 1920, he emigrated to Harbin and got a job as the head of the railway police department at the Manchuria station. Then he worked as a proofreader in a Russian printing house. In Russian emigration, the general enjoyed a certain influence, which is why he was entrusted with heading the structure responsible for the consolidation of emigrants. The Bureau for Russian Emigrants was created to strengthen ties between emigrants and the government of Manchukuo, to assist the Japanese administration in resolving issues of streamlining the life of the Russian emigrant community in Manchuria. However, in fact, it was the BREM that became the main structure for the training of reconnaissance and sabotage groups, which were then sent by Japanese intelligence to the territory of the Soviet Union. In the mid 1930s. the formation of sabotage detachments began, completed by Russian emigrants who were in the field of ideological influence of the "Russian Bureau". BREM covered almost the entire active part of the Russian emigration - 44 thousand Russians out of 100 thousand living in Manchuria were registered with the Bureau. The organization published printed publications - the Ray of Asia magazine and the Voice of Emigrants newspaper, had its own printing house and library, and was also engaged in cultural, educational and propaganda activities among the emigrants. After the death of General Rychkov, which followed in 1935. , the new head of the BREM was Lieutenant General Alexei Baksheev (1873-1946) - a longtime associate of Ataman Semenov, who served as his deputy when Semenov was the military ataman of the Transbaikal Army. Hereditary Transbaikal Cossack, Baksheev graduated military school in Irkutsk, participated in the Chinese campaign of 1900-1901, then - in the First World War, on the fronts of which he rose to the rank of military foreman. Having emigrated to Manchuria in 1920, Baksheev settled in Harbin and in 1922 was elected military ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack army.

Konstantin Vasilyevich Rodzaevsky (1907-1946) was responsible for cultural and educational work in the Bureau of Russian Emigrants - a person, to some extent, more remarkable than the old tsarist generals, who were considered the formal leaders of emigration. Firstly, Konstantin Rodzaevsky, due to his age, did not have time to participate in civil war, or even catch her at a more or less adult age. His childhood was spent in Blagoveshchensk, where his father, Vladimir Ivanovich Rodzaevsky, worked as a notary. Until the age of 18, Kostya Rodzaevsky led the life of an ordinary Soviet youth - he graduated from school, even managed to join the Komsomol. But in 1925, the life of young Kostya Rodzaevsky turned in the most unexpected way - he fled the Soviet Union, crossed the Soviet-Chinese border along the Amur River, and ended up in Manchuria. Kostya's mother Nadezhda, having learned that her son was in Harbin, obtained a Soviet exit visa and went to see him, trying to persuade him to return to the USSR. But Konstantin was adamant. In 1928, Rodzaevsky's father and his younger brother also fled to Harbin, after which the GPU authorities arrested Nadezhda's mother and her daughters Nadezhda and Nina. In Harbin, Konstantin Rodzaevsky began new life. He entered the Harbin Faculty of Law, a Russian émigré educational institution, where he fell under the ideological influence of two teachers, Nikolai Nikiforov and Georgy Gins. Georgy Gins (1887-1971) he served as deputy dean of the Harbin Faculty of Law and gained fame as a developer of the concept of Russian solidarism. Gins was a categorical opponent of the concept of “Smenovekhovism” that spread among the emigrants, which consisted in recognizing the Soviet Union and the need to cooperate with the Soviet government. As for Nikolai Nikiforov (1886-1951), he adhered to even more radical views in the late 1920s. headed a group of students and teachers of the Harbin Faculty of Law, who created a political group with the quite unambiguous name "Russian Fascist Organization". Among the founders of this organization was the young Konstantin Rodzaevsky. The activities of the Russian fascists in Harbin almost immediately after their organizational unification became very noticeable.

Russian Fascist Party

On May 26, 1931, the 1st Congress of Russian Fascists took place in Harbin, at which the Russian Fascist Party (RFP) was created. Konstantin Rodzaevsky, who was not yet 24 years old, was elected its general secretary. The party initially consisted of about 200 people, but by 1933 it had increased to 5,000 activists. The ideology of the party was based on the belief in the imminent collapse of the Bolshevik regime, which was seen as anti-Russian and totalitarian. Like the Italian fascists, the Russian fascists were both anti-communists and anti-capitalists. The party introduced a black uniform. Printed editions were published, first of all - the magazine "Nation" published since April 1932, and since October 1933 - the newspaper "Our Way" edited by Rodzaevsky. However, the RFP, which originated in Manchuria, was not the only organization of Russian fascists in those years. In 1933, the All-Russian Fascist Organization (VFO) was created in the USA, at the origins of which was Anastasy Andreevich Vonsyatsky (1898-1965), a former captain of the Denikin Volunteer Army, who served in the Lancers and Hussars, and later emigrated to the USA. Vonsyatsky, when he was an officer in the Volunteer Army, fought against the Reds in the Don, Kuban, and Crimea, but was evacuated after falling ill with typhus. Having created the All-Russian Fascist Organization, Captain Vonsiatsky began to look for connections with other Russian fascists and during one of his travels visited Japan, where he entered into negotiations with Konstantin Rodzaevsky.

On April 3, 1934, in Yokohama, the Russian Fascist Party and the All-Russian Fascist Organization merged into a single structure, called the All-Russian Fascist Party (VFP). On April 26, 1934, the 2nd Congress of Russian Fascists was held in Harbin, at which Rodzaevsky was elected General Secretary of the All-Russian Fascist Party, and Vonsiatsky - Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the WFTU. However, already in October 1934, contradictions began between Rodzaevsky and Vonsiatsky, which led to a disengagement. The fact is that Vonsiatsky did not share the anti-Semitism inherent in Rodzaevsky and believed that the party should fight only with communism, and not with the Jews. In addition, Vonsyatsky had a negative attitude towards the figure of ataman Semenov, with whom Rodzaevsky closely cooperated, associated with the structures of the Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchukuo. According to Vonsiatsky, the Cossacks, on which Rodzaevsky called to rely, no longer played a special role in the changed political situation, so the party had to look for a new social base. Finally. Vonsiatsky dissociated himself from Rodzaevsky's supporters, who, however, put the entire WFTU under their control.

K.V. Rodzaevsky, at the head of the militants of the RFP, meets A.A. Vonsyatsky

Quite quickly, the WFTU turned into the largest political organization of the Russian emigration in Manchuria. Several public organizations operated under the control of the WFTU - the Russian Women's Fascist Movement, the Union of Young Fascists - Vanguard, the Union of Young Fascists - Vanguard, the Union of Fascist Babies, the Union of Fascist Youth. On June 28 - July 7, 1935, the 3rd World Congress of Russian Fascists took place in Harbin, at which the program of the party was adopted and its charter was approved. In 1936, the provisions “On the Party Greeting”, “On the Party Flag”, “On the National Flag and Anthem”, “On the Party Badge”, “On the Party Banner”, “On the Party Uniform and Hierarchical Signs”, “On religious badge. The flag of the WFTU represented a panel with a black swastika on a yellow background of a rhombus in a white rectangle, the party banner was a golden-colored panel, on one side of which is depicted the Face of the Savior Not Made by Hands, and on the other, St. Prince Vladimir is depicted. The edges of the cloth are bordered with a black strip, on which on one side there are inscriptions: “May God arise and scatter His enemies”, “God is with us, understand the nations and submit”, and on the other side - “With God”, “God, Nation, Labor ”,“ For the Motherland ”,“ Glory to Russia ”. In the upper corners there is an image of a double-headed eagle; in the lower corners there is an image of a swastika. The party banner of the All-Russian Fascist Party was consecrated on May 24, 1935 in Harbin by Orthodox hierarchs Archbishop Nestor and Bishop Dimitri. Party members wore a uniform consisting of a black shirt, a black tunic with gold buttons with a swastika, a black cap with an orange piping and a swastika on the cockade, a belt with a harness, black riding breeches with an orange piping and boots. An orange circle with a white border and a black swastika in the center was sewn onto the sleeve of the shirt and tunic. On the left hand, the party members wore distinctive signs of their belonging to one or another level of the party hierarchy. Public organizations operating under the party used similar symbols and had their own uniforms. So, members of the Union of Young Fascists - Vanguard wore black shirts with blue shoulder straps and black caps with a yellow piping and the letter "A" on the cockade. The union included teenagers 10-16 years old, who were supposed to be brought up "in the spirit of Russian fascism."

The supreme ideological, programmatic and tactical body of the All-Russian Fascist Party was proclaimed the Supreme Council of the WFTU, headed by the Chairman - Konstantin Rodzaevsky. The Supreme Council in the intervals between congresses led the party, its members were elected at the WFTU congress. In turn, the elected members of the Supreme Council of the WFTU elected a secretary and two vice-chairmen of the Supreme Council. At the same time, the chairman of the party had the right to "veto" any decisions of the congress. The Supreme Council included an ideological council, a legislative council, and a commission for the study of the USSR. The main part of the structural units of the WFTU operated on the territory of Manchuria, however, the WFTU managed to extend its influence to the Russian emigrant environment in Europe and the USA. In Europe, Boris Petrovich Tedley (1901-1944), a former participant in the Ice Campaign of General Kornilov and a Cavalier of St. George, became a responsible resident of the party. Living in Switzerland, Tadley first collaborated with the Russian People's Liberation Movement, and then in 1935 created a cell of the All-Russian Fascist Party in Bern. In 1938 Rodzaevsky appointed Tedley chairman of the Supreme Council for Europe and Africa. However, in 1939 Tadley was arrested by the Swiss authorities and was imprisoned until his death in 1944.

From Japanese support to "disgrace"

Since 1936, the All-Russian Fascist Party began preparing anti-Soviet sabotage. The Nazis acted on the instructions of Japanese intelligence, which provided organizational support for sabotage actions. In the autumn of 1936, several sabotage groups were thrown into the territory of the Soviet Union, but most of them were identified and destroyed by border guards. Nevertheless, one group of six people managed to penetrate deep into Soviet territory and, having overcome the 400-kilometer path to Chita, appeared at a demonstration on November 7, 1936, where anti-Stalinist leaflets were distributed. It is noteworthy that the employees of the Soviet counterintelligence could not detain the fascist propagandists in time, and the group returned safely to Manchuria. When the law on universal military service was adopted in Manchukuo, the Russian emigration as one of the population groups of Manchuria also fell under its action. In May 1938, the Japanese military mission in Harbin opened the Asano-butai military sabotage school, which admitted young Russian emigrants. Following the model of the Asano Detachment, several more similar detachments were created in other settlements of Manchuria. The units, staffed by Russian emigrants, disguised themselves as parts of the Manchu army. The commander of the Kwantung Army, General Umezu, gave the order to train saboteurs from among the Russian population of Manchuria, as well as to prepare a Red Army uniform in which sabotage groups sent to the territory of the Soviet Union could act as a disguise.

Russians in the Kwantung Army

Another aspect of the activities of the Russian Fascist Party in Manchukuo was the participation of a number of its activists in criminal activities, behind which stood the Japanese field gendarmerie. Many fascists were involved in the drug trade, organizing prostitution, kidnapping and extortion. So, back in 1933, militants of the fascist party kidnapped the talented pianist Semyon Kaspe and demanded that his father, Joseph Kaspe, one of the richest Jews in Harbin, pay a ransom. However, the Nazis did not even wait for the money and first sent the son's ears to the unfortunate father, and then his corpse was found. This crime forced even the Italian fascists to dissociate themselves from the activities of like-minded Russians, who were called "a dirty stain on the reputation of fascism." The involvement of the party in criminal activities contributed to the disappointment of some previously active fascists in the activities of Rodzaevsky, which led to the first exits from the party.

The Japanese secret services financed the activities of the WFTU in Manchukuo, which allowed the party to develop its structures and finance the education of the younger generations of Russian emigrants in the fascist spirit. Thus, members of the Union of Fascist Youth got the opportunity to enter the Stolypin Academy, which was, in a way, a party educational institution. In addition, the party supported Russian orphans by organizing the Russian House - an orphanage, where children were also brought up in the appropriate spirit. A fascist radio station was created in Qiqihar, broadcasting, among other things, to the Soviet Far East, and fascist ideology was practically officially propagated in most Russian schools in Manchuria. In 1934 and 1939 Konstantin Rodzaevsky met with General Araki, the Japanese Minister of War, who was considered the head of the "war party", and in 1939, with Matsuoka, who later became the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan. The Japanese leadership was so loyal to the Russian fascists that they allowed them to congratulate Emperor Hirohito on the 2600th anniversary of the creation of the Japanese Empire. Thanks to Japanese funding, literary and propaganda activities were set at a fairly high level in the All-Russian Fascist Party. The main "writer" and propagandist of the WFTU was, of course, Konstantin Rodzaevsky himself. The authorship of the party leader was followed by the books The ABC of Fascism (1934), Criticism of the Soviet State in two parts (1935 and 1937), The Russian Way (1939), The State of the Russian Nation (1942). In 1937, the WFTU was transformed into the Russian Fascist Union (RFS), and in 1939 the 4th Congress of Russian Fascists was held in Harbin, which was destined to be the last in the history of the movement. There was another conflict between Rodzaevsky and part of his supporters. A group of fascists, who by that time had managed to understand the true essence of the Nazi regime, demanded that Rodzaevsky cut off all ties with Nazi Germany and remove the swastika from party banners. They motivated this demand by Hitler's hostility to Russia and the Slavs in general, and not just the Soviet one. political system. However, Rodzaevsky refused the anti-Hitler turn. The Second World War was approaching, which played a pivotal role in the fate of not only Russian fascism, but also the entire Russian emigration in Manchuria. In the meantime, the number of structures of the WFTU-RFS party was about 30,000 people. Branches and cells of the party operated almost everywhere where Russian emigrants lived - in Western and Eastern Europe, the USA, Canada, Latin America, North and South Africa, and Australia.

The RFU faced its first problems after the Soviet Union and Germany signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. Then the USSR and Germany temporarily began to cooperate with each other, and this cooperation was of greater interest to the leadership of Germany than support for emigrants. political organizations. Many RFU activists were extremely dissatisfied with the fact that Germany began to cooperate with the USSR. An epidemic of exits from the RFU began, and Rodzaevsky himself subjected the pact to harsh criticism. On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, which caused stormy approval from Rodzaevsky. The leader of the RFU saw in the Nazi invasion a chance for the possible overthrow of the Stalinist regime and the establishment of fascist power in Russia. Therefore, the RFU began strenuously seeking entry into the war against the USSR and the Empire of Japan. But the Japanese had other plans - busy with the confrontation with the United States and Great Britain in the Asia-Pacific region, they did not at all want to enter into an armed confrontation with the USSR at the moment. Since back in April 1941 a neutrality treaty was signed between Japan and the Soviet Union, the Japanese secret services were instructed to minimize the aggressive potential of the Russian fascists in Manchuria. The circulation of the newspaper, in which Rodzaevsky called on Japan to go to war with the USSR, was confiscated. On the other hand, many supporters of the RFU, who received news of the atrocities perpetrated by the Nazis in Russia, left the ranks of the organization or, at least, refused to support the positions of Rodzaevsky.

As Germany's position on the Soviet front worsened, the Japanese leadership became less and less willing to open confrontation with the USSR and took steps to avoid aggravating relations. Thus, in July 1943, the Japanese authorities banned the activities of the Russian Fascist Union on the territory of Manchuria. However, according to some reports, the reason for the ban on the RFU was not only and not so much the fears of the Japanese to worsen the already extremely tense relations with the Soviet Union, but the presence in the ranks of Russian emigrants of Soviet agents who worked for the NKVD and collected information about the deployment of Japanese troops on the territory Manchuria, Korea and China. In any case, the Fascist Party ceased to exist. Since that time, Rodzaevsky, himself under the supervision of the Japanese special services, was forced to concentrate on work in the structures of the Bureau for Russian Emigrants, where he was responsible for cultural and educational activities. As for his longtime partner, and then an opponent in the ranks of the Russian fascist movement, Anastasy Vonsiatsky, he, who lives in the United States, was arrested after the start of the war on charges of spying for the Axis countries and was imprisoned.

In the early 1940s BREM was headed by Major General Vladimir Kislitsyn. In fact, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kislitsyn rose to the rank of colonel in the tsarist army, but he fought heroically - as part of the 23rd Odessa Border Brigade, and then - the 11th Riga Dragoon Regiment. Was wounded many times. In 1918, Kislitsyn joined the Hetman's Army of Ukraine, where he commanded a cavalry division and then a corps. After being arrested by the Petliurists in Kyiv, however, he was released at the insistence of the Germans and left for Germany. In the same 1918, from Germany, he again returned to Russia engulfed in the Civil War and made his way to Siberia, where he commanded a division at Kolchak, and then a special Manchu detachment at Semenov. In 1922, Kislitsyn emigrated to Harbin, where he began working as a dental technician, in parallel cooperating with the local police. The public activity of Vladimir Kislitsyn at that time was reduced to supporting Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as heir to the throne. In 1928, the Grand Duke promoted Colonel Kislitsyn to Major General of the Russian Imperial Army for this. Later, Kislitsyn began to cooperate in the structures of the BREM and headed the Bureau, but died in 1944. After the death of Kislitsyn, the head of the BREM, as it turned out, was the last to be Lieutenant General Lev Filippovich Vlasevsky (1884-1946). He was born in Transbaikalia - in the village of Pervy Chindant, and in 1915, after the outbreak of the First World War, he was drafted into the army, graduated from the school of ensigns and by the time the war ended, he had risen to the rank of lieutenant. At Ataman Semenov, Vlasevsky was first the head of the office, and then the head of the Cossack department of the headquarters of the Far Eastern Army.

The defeat of Japan and the collapse of Russian fascism in Manchuria

The news of the beginning of hostilities by the Soviet-Mongolian troops against the Japanese Kwantung Army came as a real shock to the Russian emigrant leaders living in Manchuria. If the tsarist conservative generals and colonels meekly awaited their fate, hoping only for a possible rescue by the retreating Japanese troops, then the more flexible Rodzaevsky quickly reorganized. He suddenly became a supporter of Stalinism, declaring that a nationalist turn had taken place in the Soviet Union, which consisted in the return of officer ranks in the army, the introduction of separate education for boys and girls, the revival of Russian patriotism, the exaltation national heroes Ivan the Terrible, Alexander Nevsky, Suvorov and Kutuzov. In addition, Stalin, according to the "late" Rodzaevsky, managed to "re-educate" Soviet Jews, who were "torn out of the Talmudic environment" and therefore no longer posed a danger, turning into ordinary Soviet citizens. Rodzaevsky wrote a penitential letter to I.V. Stalin, in which, in particular, he emphasized: "Stalinism is exactly what we mistakenly called "Russian fascism", this is our Russian fascism, cleansed of extremes, illusions and delusions. "Russian fascism and Soviet communism, claims he, have common goals. "Only now it is clear that October Revolution and five-year plans, the brilliant leadership of I.V. Stalin elevated Russia - the USSR to an unattainable height. Long live Stalin, who, by the saving combination of nationalism and communism, showed the way out of the impasse for all the peoples of the earth - greatest general, an unsurpassed organizer - the Leader! Counterintelligence officers from SMERSH promised Konstantin Rodzaevsky a decent job as a propagandist in the Soviet Union, and the leader of the Russian fascists "fell for it." He made contact with the Smershevites, was arrested and taken to Moscow. At his villa in Dairen, the NKVD arrested Lieutenant General Grigory Semenov, who for many symbolized the anti-Soviet white movement in the Far East and Transbaikalia. Semyonov was arrested on August 24, 1945.

Obviously, the chieftain did not expect the appearance of Soviet troops in Dairen, because he was sure that after the surrender of Japan on August 17, 1945, the Soviet troops would not advance further and he would be able to sit out the dangerous time in his villa. But Semyonov miscalculated and on the same day, August 24, 1945, he was sent to Moscow by plane - along with a group of other arrested people, among whom were prominent white generals - leaders of the BREM, and propagandists of the Russian Fascist Union. In addition to generals Vlasevsky, Baksheev and Semenov, among those arrested was also Ivan Adrianovich Mikhailov (1891-1946) - the former Kolchak finance minister, and after emigration - one of Rodzaevsky's associates and editor of the Harbin Time newspaper, in which anti-Soviet materials were published every now and then . They also arrested Lev Pavlovich Okhotin (1911-1948) - the "right hand" of Rodzaevsky, a member Supreme Council WFTU and head of the organizational department of the fascist party.

Boris Nikolaevich Shepunov (1897-1946), arrested along with other members of the BREM, was an even more dangerous figure. In the past, a white officer - Semenovets, he was in the 1930s - 1940s. worked as an investigator for the Japanese police at the Pogranichnaya station and at the same time headed the department of the Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Mukden. It was Shepunov who supervised the preparation and transfer of spies and saboteurs from Manchuria to the territory of the Soviet Union, for which in 1938 he was appointed head of the BREM department in Harbin. When twenty activists of the Russian Fascist Union were arrested in 1940 on charges of spying for the USSR, and then they were acquitted by a Japanese court and released, Shepunov supervised their extrajudicial execution. In 1941, Shepunov formed a White Guard detachment, intended for an armed invasion of Soviet territory. Prince Nikolai Alexandrovich Ukhtomsky (1895-1953), unlike most of the above-mentioned persons detained by SMERSH, was not directly involved in the organization of sabotage and espionage, but was active in propaganda, speaking from sharp anti-communist positions.

The Semenov process. Rehabilitation is not subject.

All the listed persons were brought from Manchuria to Moscow. In August 1946, a year after the arrest, the following appeared before the court: Semenov, Grigory Mikhailovich; Rodzaevsky, Konstantin Vladimirovich; Baksheev Alexey Proklovich, Vlasevsky, Lev Filippovich, Mikhailov, Ivan Adrianovich, Shepunov, Boris Nikolaevich; Okhotin, Lev Pavlovich; Ukhtomsky, Nikolai A. The trial of the "Semenovites", as the Japanese minions detained in Manchuria were called, in the Soviet press, was carried out by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR under the leadership of the Colonel-General of Justice V.V. Ulrich. The court found that the defendants had been active in subversive activities against the Soviet Union for many years, being paid agents of Japanese intelligence and organizers of anti-Soviet organizations operating on the territory of Manchuria. The troops commanded during the years of the Civil War by Generals Semyonov, Baksheev and Vlasevsky waged an armed struggle against the Red Army and Red partisans, participating in massacres of the local population, robberies and murders. Already at that time they began to receive financial resources from Japan. After the defeat in the Civil War, the "Semenovites" fled to Manchuria, where they created anti-Soviet organizations - the Union of Cossacks in the Far East and the Bureau of Russian Emigrants in Manchukuo. The court established that all the defendants were agents of the Japanese special services and were engaged in the creation of espionage and sabotage detachments sent to the territory of the Soviet Union. In the event of a Japanese war against the Soviet Union, the White Guard detachments concentrated in Manchuria were entrusted with the task of directly invading the territory of the Soviet state.

After the completion of the trial, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced: Semenov, Grigory Mikhailovich - to death by hanging with confiscation of all his property; Rodzaevsky Konstantin Vladimirovich, Baksheev Alexei Proklovich, Vlasevsky Lev Fedorovich, Mikhailov Ivan Adrianovich and Shepunov Boris Nikolaevich - to death by firing squad with confiscation of property. Ukhtomsky Nikolai Alexandrovich was sentenced to twenty years hard labor, Okhotin Lev Pavlovich - to fifteen years hard labor, also with the confiscation of all their property. On the same day, August 30, 1946, all the defendants sentenced to death were executed in Moscow. As for Nikolai Ukhtomsky, he, sentenced to twenty years in the camp, died 7 years after the sentence was passed - in 1953 in the "Rechlag" near Vorkuta. Lev Okhotin died at a logging site in the Khabarovsk Territory in 1948, having served 2 of the fifteen years he had been given.

In 1998, in the wake of the fashionable review of Stalin's sentences, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court Russian Federation started reviewing criminal cases against all the defendants in the case of the "Semenovites", with the exception of Ataman Semenov himself, who back in 1994 was recognized as not subject to rehabilitation for the crimes he had committed. As a result of the work of the collegium, it was established that all persons convicted on August 30, 1946 were indeed guilty of the acts incriminated to them, with the exception of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda provided for in Article 58-10 part 2. Therefore, in relation to all the accused, the sentences under this article. Under the remaining articles, the guilt of the defendants was confirmed, as a result of which the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation left the sentences unchanged and recognized the listed persons as not subject to rehabilitation. In addition, the Smershevites arrested and brought to the USSR Professor Nikolai Ivanovich Nikiforov, the founder of the fascist movement in Harbin, who was sentenced to ten years in the camps and died in prison in 1951.

Anastasy Vonsiatsky was released from an American prison, where he served 3.5 years, in 1946 and continued to live in the USA - in St. political activity and writing memoirs. In 1953, Vonsiatsky opened a museum in memory of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II in St. Petersburg. Vonsiatsky died in 1965 at the age of 66. Unfortunately, in modern Russia there are people who admire the activities of the Nazis of the 1930s and 1940s. and forgetting that Semyonov, Rodzaevsky and people like them were tools of anti-Russian policy, and their actions were stimulated by their own lust for power and the money of the Japanese and German special services.

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Hymn: Party Seal: K: Political parties founded in 1933

Party history

In 1940 - December 1941, cooperation between K. V. Rodzaevsky and A. A. Vonsiatsky was resumed, interrupted by the outbreak of the Japanese-American War.

The Party had a printed organ - the newspaper "Fashist".

The dawn is near... Banners are higher, brothers!
Death to the executioners of freedom dear!
Ringing sword of the fascist enemies of the curse
Will sweep forever their bloody system.

Companions! Our native land is waiting for us!
All under the banner! Motherland is calling...
Vonsiatsky-Leader, treason, despising cowardice,
It will lead us, the Nazis, to the feat.

Shirts are black, get ready for battle!
We will close the iron front of the fascists
And on the enemy, forward, with an iron wall
Fearlessly, as one, we will all go.

The solemn day of victory will come,
The collective farm and Stalin will fly off the GPU,
And the swastika over the Kremlin will shine brightly,
And the black system will pass through Moscow.

Anthem performed by A.A. Vonsyatsky, D.I. Kunle and L.B. Mammadov was recorded on a gramophone record with a speed of 78 revolutions.

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Literature

• / Comp. G. V. Taradanov, with participation. V. V. Kibardin, ed. and with additional K. V. Rodzaevsky. - Harbin: Our way, 1935. - 110 p.
• Grozin N.N. Protective shirts. - Shanghai: Universal Russian Calendar Publishing House, 1939. - 325 p.
• Okorokov A.V. Fascism and Russian emigration (1920-1945). - M .: Russaki, 2002. - 593 p. - ISBN 5-93347063-5.
• Sidorchik A.// Arguments and Facts. - 05/26/2016.
• Rodzaevsky K. V. Testament of a Russian fascist. - M .: FERI-V, 2001. - 512 p. - ISBN 5-94138-010-0.
• John J Stephan. The Russian Fascists: Tragedy and Farce in Exile, 1925-1945. - New York: Harper & Row, 1978. - ISBN 0-06-014099-2.

Links

• E. Oberlander, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 1, no. 1. (1966), pp. 158–173

Notes

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An excerpt characterizing the All-Russian Fascist Organization

Neither father and mother, nor Sonya, nor Prince Andrei himself could foresee how parting with her fiancé would affect Natasha. Red and agitated, with dry eyes, she walked around the house that day, doing the most insignificant things, as if not understanding what awaited her. She did not cry even at the moment when he said goodbye, he kissed her hand for the last time. - Don't leave! she only said to him in a voice that made him wonder if he really needed to stay and which he remembered for a long time after that. When he left, she didn't cry either; but for several days she sat in her room without crying, was not interested in anything, and only occasionally said: “Ah, why did he leave!”
But two weeks after his departure, just as unexpectedly for those around her, she woke up from her moral illness, became the same as before, but only with a changed moral physiognomy, like children with a different face get out of bed after a long illness.

The health and character of Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, in this Last year after the departure of his son, they became very weak. He became even more irritable than before, and all the outbursts of his causeless anger for the most part fell upon Princess Mary. It was as if he diligently sought out all her sore spots in order to torture her morally as cruelly as possible. Princess Marya had two passions and therefore two joys: her nephew Nikolushka and religion, both of which were favorite themes of the prince's attacks and ridicule. Whatever they talked about, he reduced the conversation to the superstitions of old girls or to pampering and spoiling children. - “You want to make him (Nikolenka) the same old girl as you yourself; in vain: Prince Andrei needs a son, not a girl, ”he said. Or, turning to mademoiselle Bourime, he asked her in front of Princess Mary how she liked our priests and images, and joked ...
He incessantly painfully insulted Princess Mary, but the daughter did not even make an effort on herself to forgive him. How could he be guilty before her, and how could her father, who, she still knew it, loved her, be unjust? And what is justice? The princess never thought about this proud word: "justice." All the complex laws of mankind were concentrated for her in one simple and clear law - in the law of love and self-denial, taught to us by Him Who suffered with love for humanity, when He himself is God. What did she care about the justice or injustice of other people? She had to suffer and love herself, and she did it.
In winter, Prince Andrei came to the Bald Mountains, he was cheerful, meek and gentle, as Princess Mary had not seen him for a long time. She foresaw that something had happened to him, but he did not say anything to Princess Mary about his love. Before leaving, Prince Andrei had a long conversation about something with his father, and Princess Marya noticed that before leaving, both were dissatisfied with each other.
Shortly after the departure of Prince Andrei, Princess Mary wrote from Lysy Gory to Petersburg to her friend Julie Karagina, whom Princess Mary dreamed, as girls always dream, of marrying off her brother, and who at that time was in mourning on the occasion of the death of her brother, who was killed in Turkey.
“Sorrow, apparently, is our common destiny, dear and gentle friend Julieie.”
“Your loss is so terrible that I cannot explain it to myself otherwise than as a special favor of God, who wants to experience - loving you - you and your excellent mother. Ah, my friend, religion, and only one religion, can comfort us, not to say, but deliver us from despair; one religion can explain to us what a person cannot understand without its help: why, why are good, exalted beings, able to find happiness in life, not only not harming anyone, but necessary for the happiness of others, are called to God, but remain to live evil, useless, harmful, or those that are a burden to themselves and others. The first death I saw and will never forget, the death of my dear sister-in-law, made such an impression on me. Just as you ask fate, why did your beautiful brother die, in the same way I asked why this angel Lisa died, who not only did not do any harm to a person, but never had other good thoughts in her soul . And well, my friend, five years have passed since then, and I, with my insignificant mind, already begin to clearly understand why she had to die, and how this death was only an expression of the infinite goodness of the Creator, all of whose actions , although we mostly do not understand them, are only manifestations of His infinite love for His creation. Maybe, I often think, she was too angelically innocent to have the strength to bear all the responsibilities of a mother. She was flawless as a young wife; perhaps she could not be such a mother. Now, not only did she leave us, and especially Prince Andrei, the purest regret and remembrance, she will probably get there the place that I do not dare to hope for myself. But, not to mention her alone, this early and terrible death had the most beneficial effect, despite all the sadness, on me and on my brother. Then, in the moment of loss, these thoughts could not come to me; then I would have driven them away with horror, but now it is so clear and undeniable. I am writing all this to you, my friend, only to convince you of the gospel truth, which has become a life rule for me: not a single hair will fall from my head without His will. And His will is guided only by one boundless love for us, and therefore everything that happens to us is all for our good. Are you asking if we will spend next winter in Moscow? Despite all the desire to see you, I do not think and do not want it. And you will be surprised that the reason for this is Buonaparte. And here's why: my father's health is noticeably weakening: he cannot bear contradictions and becomes irritable. This irritability, as you know, is mainly directed towards political affairs. He cannot bear the thought that Buonaparte deals with all the sovereigns of Europe as equals, and especially with our grandson Great Catherine! As you know, I am completely indifferent to political affairs, but from the words of my father and his conversations with Mikhail Ivanovich, I know everything that is happening in the world, and in particular all the honors paid to Buonaparte, who, it seems, is still only in Lysy Mountains throughout the globe are not recognized either as a great man, or even less as a French emperor. And my father can't stand it. It seems to me that my father, mainly because of his view of political affairs and foreseeing the clashes that he will have, because of his manner, not embarrassed to express his opinions with anyone, is reluctant to talk about a trip to Moscow. Whatever he gains from the treatment, he will lose in the inevitable Buonaparte controversy. In any case, this will be resolved very soon. Family life ours goes on as before, with the exception of the presence of brother Andrei. He, as I wrote to you, has changed a lot. recent times. After his grief, only now, this year, he completely morally revived. He became the way I knew him as a child: kind, gentle, with that golden heart, to which I know no equal. He realized, it seems to me, that life is not over for him. But along with this moral change, he became very physically weak. He became thinner than before, more nervous. I fear for him and am glad that he has undertaken this trip abroad, which the doctors have long prescribed for him. I hope this fixes it. You write to me that in Petersburg they talk about him as one of the most active, educated and intelligent young people. Forgive the pride of kinship - I never doubted it. It is impossible to count the good that he did here to everyone, from his peasants to the nobles. Arriving in Petersburg, he took only what he needed. I am surprised how rumors reach Moscow from Petersburg at all, and especially such false ones as the one about which you write to me - a rumor about an imaginary marriage of a brother to little Rostova. I don't think Andrew will ever marry anyone, and especially not her. And here's why: firstly, I know that although he rarely talks about his late wife, the sadness of this loss is too deeply rooted in his heart for him to ever decide to give her a successor and stepmother to our little angel. Secondly, because, as far as I know, this girl is not from the category of women that Prince Andrei might like. I do not think that Prince Andrei would choose her as his wife, and I will frankly say: I do not want this. But I chatted, I'm finishing my second sheet. Farewell, my dear friend; may God keep you under His holy and mighty cover. My dear friend, mademoiselle Bourienne, kisses you.

.
Anastasy Andreevich Vonsyatsky (June 12, 1898, Warsaw - February 5, 1965, St. Petersburg) - one of the founders of Russian fascism, the creator and leader of the Russian fascist movement in the United States. Born in the family of gendarmerie colonel Andrey Nikolaevich Vonsyatsky and Inna Plyushchevskaya. The fifth child in the family. After the Bolshevik coup, A.A. Vonsyatsky fought in the ranks of the White Volunteer Army. For two years Anastasy Andreevich fought in Eastern Ukraine and on the Don. In December 1919, A. A. Vonsiatsky, being a captain, fell ill with typhus and was forced to leave the front. He was evacuated to Novorossiysk, and from there by ship to Yalta. In March 1920 he was evacuated to Constantinople, where he was treated at the British hospital in Gallipoli.

A.A. Vonsyatsky on May 10, 1933, together with a former member of the Volunteer Army D.I. Kunle founded the All-Russian National Revolutionary Labor and Workers' and Peasants' Party of Fascists. For convenience, another name was usually used - the All-Russian Fascist Organization (VFO). A.A. Vonsyatsky became the head of the VFO. The newspaper "Fashist" became the press organ of the VFO. The first issue of Fascist was published in August 1933 with a circulation of 2,000 copies. In the future, "Fascist" was published with a circulation of 10,000 copies, with a frequency of about once a month.

A.A. Vonsiatsky went to Berlin in September 1933 to negotiate with the leaders of such organizations operating in Europe - Alexander Kazem-Bek (Young Russians), Pavel Bermondt-Avalov and A.V. Meller-Zakomelsky (ROND). The trilateral talks took place at the headquarters of the ROND on Bleibtreustraße in Berlin. Despite the similarity of ideologies and common goals, the leaders of the organizations could not come to an agreement on unification.
Participants of the tripartite conference in Berlin (1933): in the center (with a bow tie) - P. R. Bermondt-Avalov, to his left - A. L. Kazem-Bek, to the right - A. A. Vonsyatsky

At the end of 1933 A.A. Vonsyatsky received a letter from K.V. Rodzaevsky, who headed the Russian Fascist Party at that time, with a proposal to visit Harbin and unite the VFO and RFP. A.A. Vonsiatsky accepted the offer of K. V. Rodzaevsky and on March 1, 1934 went to Harbin. On the way to Harbin, he stopped in Tokyo, where he was personally met by K.V. Rodzaevsky. At the Tokyo headquarters of the RFP, A.A. Vonsyatsky and K.V. Rodzaevsky held preliminary talks on the merger of the organizations headed by them. On April 3, 1934, Protocol No. 1 was signed, which proclaimed the merger of the RFP and the VFO and the creation of the All-Russian Fascist Party (VFP)

April 26, 1934 A.A. Vonsyatsky arrived in Harbin. A solemn meeting was organized for him at the station. Numerous RFP blackshirts stood in the guard of honor. Meet A.A. Vonsiatsky was also attended by all members of the local branches of the subsidiaries of the RFP - the Russian Women's Fascist Movement, the Union of Vanguard, the Union of Young Fascists, the Union of Fascist Babies.

Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky (August 11, 1907, Blagoveshchensk - August 30, 1946, Moscow) - the leader of the All-Russian Fascist Party (VFP), created by emigrants in Manchuria, the founder of Russian fascism, one of the leaders of the White emigration in Manchuria. The WFTU, the main and most numerous fascist organization among the Russian emigration, was formed in the Far East, where a large Russian colony lived; the organization arose in the 1920s and officially took shape as the Russian Fascist Party (RFP) in May 1931

He emigrated from the USSR to Manchuria in 1925. In 1928, Rodzaevsky's father and younger brother also fled to Harbin. Nadezhda Vladimirovna and her two daughters, Nadezhda and Nina, were then arrested by the OGPU. In Harbin, Rodzaevsky entered the Faculty of Law. There he met with Georgy Gins and Nikiforov, who taught law, radical nationalists and anti-communists who had a great influence on the development of his political views. Joined the Russian Fascist Organization. On May 26, 1931, he became General Secretary of the newly formed Russian Fascist Party; in 1934 the party merged with VFO Vonsiatsky, and Rodzaevsky became its General Secretary and Deputy Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, and Vonsiatsky Chairman of the Central Executive Committee. He tried to imitate Benito Mussolini; The swastika became the symbol of the movement. After a break with Vonsiatsky, at the 3rd Party Congress he was elected Head of the WFTU.
K. V. Rodzaevsky (sitting second from left), L. F. Vlasevsky (sitting fourth from the right), to his right is Akikusa Xiong, at a banquet in Harbin on the occasion of the establishment of the BREM. December 1934

An international organization of white emigrants was created with headquarters in Harbin, "Far Eastern Moscow", which had connections in 26 countries of the world. Collaborated with many fascists in the world, including Arnold Leese.
Subsidiary organizations were created under the WFTU - the Russian Women's Fascist Movement (RZhFD), the Union of Fascist Youth, the Union of Young Fascists - Vanguard, the Union of Young Fascists - Vanguard, the Union of Fascist Babies.
In August 1945, Rodzaevsky left Harbin, due to the inevitability of occupation, and moved to Shanghai. He negotiated with the NKVD, as a result of which he wrote a letter to Stalin renouncing his views, for which he received promises of immunity. Upon entering the USSR, he was arrested and transported to Moscow. The trial, which began on August 26, 1946, was widely covered in the Soviet press. It was opened by the Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR Vasily Ulrikh. The defendants were charged with anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda, espionage against the USSR, sabotage, and terrorism. All defendants pleaded guilty. Rodzaevsky was sentenced to death and shot on the same day in the cellars of the Lubyanka.
Rodzaevsky after his arrest. Photo of the NKVD. 1945

WFP emblem.

Russian club in Harbin. 1933

WFTU Congress

Christmas 1939

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Abstract on the topic:

All-Russian Fascist Organization

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Party history
• 2 Anthem of the Party
Literature
Notes

Introduction

All-Russian fascist organization(VFO) - existed in 1933-1942 in the USA under the leadership of Anastasy Vonsiatsky. Established May 10, 1933 in Thompson (USA, Connecticut). Later, the VFO was renamed the All-Russian National Revolutionary Party (full name of the All-Russian National Revolutionary Labor and Workers' and Peasants' Party of Fascists). The party, which consisted of white emigrants, was small in number, but financially strong. In 1933-1941. The party published a monthly illustrated newspaper, Fascist. Since 1936, the party published the newspaper "Russian Avant-Garde" in Shanghai.

1. History of the party

Teachers and students of the Russian Fascist Bible School (VFO) in New York (30s). In the background on the right is a portrait of A.A. Vonsyatsky

In 1933, Vonsiatsky visited Berlin, where he took part in a conference of Russian fascists. Together with his party, the RNSD and the Young Russians were represented at the conference.

In 1934, in Yokohama, the Russian Fascist Party (RFP) and the VFO attempted to merge, as a result of which the All-Russian Fascist Party was created (Protocol No. 1 was signed on April 3, 1934, which proclaimed the merger of R.F.P. and V.F. O. and the creation of the All-Russian Fascist Party (V.F.P.)). It was supposed to combine the organizational beginning of the RFP and the financial resources of the VFO. April 26, 1934 in Harbin at the 2nd (unifying) Congress of the Russian Fascists, the official unification of the VFO and RFP took place and the creation of the All-Russian Fascist Party took place.

A full merger was rather problematic because Vonsiatsky was opposed to anti-Semitism and considered the RPF's backbone - the Cossacks and monarchists - an anachronism. In October-December 1934, there was a break in relations between K. V. Rodzaevsky and A. A. Vonsiatsky.

In 1940 - December 1941 there was a renewal of cooperation between K. V. Rodzaevsky and A. A. Vonsiatsky, interrupted by the beginning of the Japanese-American war.

The Party had a printed organ - the newspaper "Fashist".

In June - July 1942, A. A. Vonsiatsky was arrested, and then convicted and sentenced by the Hartford District Court to five years in prison and a fine of $ 5,000 on charges of spying for the Axis. After the arrest of A. A. Vonsiatsky, the VFO actually ceased to exist, and was later closed by the FBI during the campaign to eliminate fascist activities after the US entered World War II. In 1946, after the end of World War II and the death of Roosevelt, A. A. Vonsiatsky was released early after spending 4 years in prison.

2. Anthem of the Party

The party had an anthem sung to the tune of the Song of Horst Wessel, which expressed the call of the WFO for the speedy overthrow of the communist regime of the USSR:

The dawn is near... Banners are higher, brothers!
Death to the executioners of freedom dear!
Ringing sword of the fascist enemies of the curse
Will sweep forever their bloody system.

Companions! Our native land is waiting for us!
All under the banner! Motherland is calling...
Vonsiatsky-Leader, treason, despising cowardice,
It will lead us, the Nazis, to the feat.

Shirts are black, get ready for battle!
We will close the iron front of the fascists
And on the enemy, forward, with an iron wall
Fearlessly, as one, we will all go.

The solemn day of victory will come,
The collective farm and Stalin will fly off the GPU,
And the swastika on the Kremlin will shine brightly,
And the black system will pass through Moscow.

Literature

• John J. Stephan The Russian Fascists: Tragedy and Farce in Exile, 1925-1945. - New York: Harper & Row, 1978. - ISBN 0-06-014099-2
• Rodzaevsky K. V. Testament of a Russian fascist. - M .: FERI-V, 2001. - 512 p. - ISBN 5-94138-010-0
• Okorokov A.V. Fascism and Russian emigration (1920-1945). - M .: Russaki, 2002. - 593 p. - ISBN 5-93347063-5

• Grozin N.N. Protective shirts. - Shanghai: All-Russian Russian Calendar Publishing House, 1939. - 325 p.

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This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed on 07/11/11 11:04:25
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