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How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse all year round: care features to increase yields. Greenhouse business on cucumbers In a greenhouse with 1

What gardener does not want to get a good harvest from his plot. In order to increase the number of cucumbers grown indoors, not only good plant care is needed, but also right choice culture varieties. AT recent times a lot of seeds are sold in stores, and it is very difficult for a beginner vegetable grower to decide. Consider the main high-yielding cucumber hybrids, time-tested.

Often, when buying seeds, gardeners are guided by the yield that the manufacturer stated on the package. But it is worth understanding that the figure on the bag is conditional. The fact is that the agrofirm actually creates optimally favorable conditions for the growth and fruiting of crops, which is not always possible to do on suburban area. Let's compare the yield of the most popular varieties:

Name	Productivity from 1 m 2 kg	Productivity per hundred kg	Yield per hectare
Bochkova	10,5	1050	1050
Alligator	9,4	940	940
Timi	11	1100	1100
friendly family	10,3	1030	1030
Amur	30-50	3000-5000	3000-5000
Prestige	28	2800	2800
Courage	16	1600	1600
Hermann	25	2500	2500
Northern lights	29,3	2930	2930

As can be seen from the table above, the yield of different varieties is very different. This indicator directly depends on genetics, which determines the length of the main stem and additional lashes, the number of female inflorescences in each node. The work of breeders in our time is aimed at breeding hybrids of the beam type of flowering, therefore the yield of such hybrids is much higher than simple varieties.

High-yielding greenhouse varieties of cucumbers resistant to diseases

To get a good harvest, it is not enough to plant high-yielding hybrids, since often common diseases and infections can reduce all attempts to get a lot of fruit to a minimum. Therefore, when choosing seed material, you need to pay attention to the resistance of the variety to common diseases. Consider the most popular:

Goosebump F1

An early ripening variety that will delight you with cucumbers on the 45th day after sowing the seeds in the greenhouse. This is a parthenocarpic hybrid that does not need insects for pollination. The flowering of the variety is bunched, and as a result, high yields. The hybrid is resistant to many types of diseases. Good tasting fruit is versatile.

Tom Thumb

An early maturing variety, the fruiting period begins on the 38th day, with a female type of flowering. Fruits are small, weighing no more than 60 g, this variety is ideal for greenhouses of any type and gives a friendly and good harvest. Resistant to diseases and viruses.

Benefit F1

An early maturing, self-pollinating hybrid capable of giving a friendly harvest for 45 days. The taste of these versatile cucumbers is very good without natural bitterness. The advantage is that the plant practically does not suffer from diseases common to this crop.

Alekseich F1

Early ripe culture with an average height of a bush. Parthenocarpic hybrid, self-pollinated. Resistant to diseases, not susceptible to viral infections. Differs in high productivity at cultivation in the closed ground.

Emelya F1

Universal hybrid, early ripening, self-pollinating, heat-loving. It is worth noting that this variety has unlimited growth of the main stem, so you need to form a bush to increase productivity. Disease resistant. The hybrid gives a harvest together; during the active growing season, harvesting is carried out daily.

How to increase the yield of cucumbers in the greenhouse

So, how to get a big crop of cucumbers in a greenhouse? To harvest a good crop of cucumbers from the greenhouse, you need to follow certain rules for caring for the plant - stepchild, water and fertilize in time.

The bush is formed as follows:

Parthenocarpic varieties form in one lash, removing not only shoots, but also flowers on the fourth real leaf. Then, in the four sinuses, layering is formed up to the first ovary, and pinching is performed. In the next 4 internodes, layers are formed up to the second ovary. And then the layers are pinched after the third ovary.
bee pollinated species cucumbers are formed in several layers, since the main crop can only be harvested from additional lashes. To do this, after the sixth true leaf, the top of the plant is cut off. After that, they begin to form a bush from the side lashes, avoiding thickening.

What kind of cucumber do you prefer?

Parthenocarpicbee pollinated

Top dressing is another important factor that greatly affects crop yields in greenhouses. Usually, three top dressings are carried out over the summer, but when growing hybrids with a long growing season, they will need at least 4:

14 days after planting in the greenhouse;
as soon as the lashes begin to gain color;
at the time of formation of greens;
during the main fruiting period.

It is worth noting that mulching the soil will help increase the yield of cucumbers in the greenhouse. Mulch helps retain moisture, inhibits weed growth, and provides additional plant nutrition.

The plant itself will tell you what kind of fertilizer it lacks at the moment. If the following symptoms appear:

small formation of lashes, the plant grows very slowly;

on the main stem lower leaves turn yellow and fall;

there are few flowers and ovaries, and the formed cucumbers are small and not juicy.

Your culture is signaling a nitrogen deficiency. Also, you should pay attention to:

The leaves turn red or take on a bluish tint, this indicates that it is time to apply phosphorus-containing dressings.
The leaves have become very dark, a yellow border has appeared. At the same time, the fruits are watery and bitter, and the side shoots are strongly drawn out without forming ovaries, it is time to add potassium to the soil.
Calcium deficiency can be identified by the ugly and sometimes ugly shape of the fruit.

If you carefully observe the crop planted in the greenhouse, you can immediately understand how to feed the cucumbers at the moment.

If you do not have the opportunity to constantly be on the site and take care of the plants, then arrange in a greenhouse simple system drip irrigation. For this, it is taken plastic bottle, the bottom is cut off from it, and several holes are made in the lid. Then the bottle is added dropwise to the cucumber bush. Pour water into a bottle, and you can safely not appear on the site for several days.

To increase productivity, many gardeners water cucumbers under the root with milk. To do this, add 2 liters of milk to 10 liters of heated water. Such watering promotes good flowering and fruit formation.

Video

You can also watch a video where an agronomist will tell you how to determine the number of cucumber fruits from one bush.

As you can see, not only good care depends on the yield of cucumbers. But if you are just starting to grow vegetables, it is useful to understand that you need to buy good seeds, properly prepare them for planting. Sow planting material in fertile soil and monitor the growth and development of the plant.

It is worth noting that if you ate during abundant fruiting, you will not be on the site and collect greens daily, then you will not see a high yield.

- 1. Seedling
- 2. Vegetables
- 3. Flowers
- 4. Strawberries
- 5. Greens
How much can you earn
Taxation system
Permissions to open

What What What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse? This question is asked by many novice farmers and owners of personal subsidiary farms who wish to succeed in the difficult greenhouse business. However, before talking about the profitability of this or that greenhouse plant, it is worth mentioning the reverse side of the issue - costs. Depending on climatic conditions, the profitability of growing individual crops, and in general greenhouse business, can differ dramatically. At some forums, you can meet people who are eager to start a greenhouse business in Siberia and the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Some enthusiasts even plan to carry out year-round production. In view of their inexperience, they still have no idea how much resources can be spent on maintaining a greenhouse.

The main disadvantage of the greenhouse business

The very first thing that can bring any greenhouse project to a disadvantage is the heating of the greenhouse. to heat brick house and a polycarbonate greenhouse are not the same thing. For example, heating a house of 50 sq. m. costs winter time at 2500 rubles / month, then a thin greenhouse of the same area will take 5 to 10 times more. Even in the southern regions, farmers do not keep greenhouses all year round, and open the season only in February - March. A similar alignment goes with the illumination of the greenhouse. The dim light, like in an apartment, definitely “will not work”. Plants in the cold season need the same light day as they get in the warm season. The light must be bright, and this is a very high cost of electricity. What can I say, even for growing tomatoes on the windowsill needs additional light. Someone may object - "so after all, we will sell the product at a high price, look how much a tomato costs in February." Prices that can be observed in grocery chains should not be a guideline. Wholesale vegetables and herbs are sold almost two times cheaper than the prices indicated on the window. This is because retail has its own costs associated with logistics, markdowns, taxes, salespeople salaries and so on. Do you want to trade without intermediaries, and with a variety of goods? Now this is not a problem at all, you can place your ad on Avito. Find out, how to get a steady income from ads what is better to sell on the Internet and what is the best way to earn money.

How much money do you need to start a successful business for growing vegetables and plants in a greenhouse

Worth considering! If the farmer does not have any experience in growing a particular crop, he will not be able to get the required amount of production and the losses will be enormous.

Of course, this does not mean that year-round cultivation in greenhouses in a temperate climate is impossible. It is quite possible that there are many such farms. But, all such projects cost a lot of money and a small farmer, of course, cannot afford it. Before starting any business, it is advisable to learn how to manage money. Think about your future today. go down money management marathon and learn about the secrets of rich people and where to invest money to get a stable passive income.

When is the best time to start a greenhouse business?

What can be concluded - profitable cultivation in a greenhouse should be started with small volumes and before the opening of the season. The main task of the greenhouse is to harvest a few weeks days before a similar product appears on the market from summer cottages. Prices will still be very attractive, and demand will be high, so you can sell the product without any problems. A small greenhouse, firstly, will not ruin the farmer in case of bad luck. And secondly, it will allow you to evaluate the market and make it clear whether it is worth doing this business or not.

Technology of growing greenhouse plants

So, let's go directly to the disclosure of the main question of our topic - which plants are most profitable to grow in a greenhouse? And here is our TOP 5 best greenhouse ideas.

1. Seedling

Oddly enough, but it is the cultivation of seedlings that is one of the most profitable ideas for a greenhouse. In spring, seedlings are in demand everywhere - they are bought by both owners of summer cottages and adjacent territories, as well as other farms specializing in crop production. There can be a lot of options here. Take, for example, strawberry seedlings. Even in the fall, you can make preparations of frigo seedlings (read more about frigo seedlings in the article " Strawberry business - 4 ways to grow strawberries profitably”), and in the spring, plant these seedlings in a greenhouse and sell them for several months. On one square meter, you can safely place up to several hundred roots. The retail price of one bush, depending on the variety, ranges from 50 to 100 rubles. Sold 10,000 roots - earned from 500 thousand rubles. To be convinced of the real demand for strawberry seedlings, just look at the statistics of Yandex search queries. So, according to the Wordstat data, the phrase “buy strawberry seedlings” is tried to be found about 18,000 times in the month of April alone. Of these, Moscow accounts for just over 4,000 requests. This suggests that the sale of seedlings can be carried out not only through markets and nurseries, but also through the Internet.

The same can be said about seedlings of flowers (petunias), tomatoes, cabbage. Demand is colossal.

2. Vegetables

Cucumbers and tomatoes are the most proven greenhouse crops. Vegetables are bought always and everywhere, regardless of the crisis. A big plus of the same cucumbers is that they are stored for a long time. The harvested crop can be stored for weeks, although a fresh cucumber is sold out very quickly. Especially if it is grown in the same region where it is sold. The yield of greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes, with proper technology, is 30 - 45 kg per square meter. m. Greenhouse for 300 sq. m. can bring up to 12 tons of vegetables per season. In May 2016, cucumbers in our stores (Ulyanovsk) cost an average of 80 rubles / kg. If for some reason it is not possible to negotiate with vegetable stalls and grocery stores, then you can sell the goods without any problems on your own. If the farm has a roomy car, then you can simply stand on the road with good car traffic, hang a sign “vegetables from household plots”, indicate a price tag slightly lower than store prices, and there will be no end to customers. You can distribute business cards to each buyer and soon you will be selling products directly from your greenhouse area.

3. Flowers

A slightly more complex and rather southern version of the greenhouse business is the idea of growing a flower cut. The primary task in this case is to get the main harvest by the March and then May holidays. How much can you earn here. So, modern technologies growing roses allow you to get up to 250 cuts per year from one bush. Up to 4 bushes can freely grow on one square meter. That is, from 1 sq. m. 1000 sections are collected per year. Greenhouse 100 sq. m. will grow up to 100 thousand sections! The average wholesale price for one cut of a rose is 40 rubles. By not a cunning calculation, we get a yearly revenue of 4 million rubles. This is a lot of money, and even with the high costs of maintaining a greenhouse, the profit remains high. There are, however, several serious "pitfalls" that hinder the widespread development of this business. Firstly, flowers, and even more so roses, are very capricious and require special care. Small deviations from the norm - the flowers are frail and not marketable. Secondly, the cost of creating greenhouse conditions for growing flowers is somewhat higher than in the case of vegetables. Finally, thirdly - sales! Flowers today are grown by more and more farmers, in addition, the lion's share of the goods comes from abroad. The competition is extremely high and not everyone manages to survive in it.

4. Strawberries

In more southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Kuban), growing strawberries in a greenhouse is quite common. Today there are several effective technologies for growing strawberries in greenhouses: Dutch and Israeli technology, vertical beds(trukara), growing seedlings "frigo", hydroponics. For some of them, it is possible to achieve a yield of 30 tons per hectare. In the south, fresh strawberries can be seen on the shelves as early as May. But in the central and Volga regions, finding early strawberries of local production is not an easy task. This happens due to the fact that the berry has an extremely short shelf life (only 2 days) - it simply does not reach the solvent buyers of the northern regions. And the one that arrives, as a rule, is prohibitively expensive and does not really look like a berry. On May 25, I decided to “monitor” the prices for strawberries in our city (Volga region) and somehow found a berry for sale, which, surprisingly, was delivered from Uzbekistan. Price - 350 rubles / kg! And surprisingly, people took it. What can be concluded - at such prices, growing strawberries in a greenhouse, even in a temperate climate, looks like a very promising idea. You can start small - with a greenhouse of 50-100 square meters. m. Even using primitive technology with the use of drip irrigation and agrofibre, you can get a good harvest 10-12 days earlier than a country berry. And that will be enough to sell strawberries at a high price. Even 200 r. per kilogram will allow you to get a plus. When will people see an imported berry for 350 r. and local for 200 rubles. their choice will be obvious.

5. Greens

It could be a profitable business greenery cultivation in a greenhouse. First of all, these are: onions on a feather, salads, parsley, dill, cilantro, basil and sage. A big plus of greenery is that, unlike other greenhouse crops, the period from sowing to harvest is the shortest. So, onions for feathers, spinach and parsley can be obtained within 30 - 35 days after sowing. The yield with hydroponics technology can be up to 6 kg per 1 sq. m. And the price per kilogram, as you know, comes in the spring to 200 rubles. per kg. In just three to four months, you can harvest up to three crops. Another plus of growing greens is the cost of planting material. They are, in fact, "penny", in contrast to the same strawberries or flowers. The only difficulty that will certainly await any entrepreneur is the sale of products. It will not be possible to get into retail chains, the volumes are not the same, and the entry price may not be profitable. Many farmers find a way out by selling greenery to catering establishments: cafes, restaurants and canteens. Such organizations are always happy to cooperate, because in their activities they are constantly faced with the problem of supplying ingredients.

How much can you earn

In this type of business, it is difficult to calculate income, since some individual entrepreneurs already have greenhouses, while others will invest in their construction, and income also depends on the size of the greenhouse. An example business plan would look like this: To grow seedlings you need:

Greenhouse (film or made of polycarbonate), with an area of 18 sq.m. If you grow seedlings in two level boxes, then the usable area is doubled and is 36 sq.m. On such an area, 7,500 cups of seedlings are obtained. The cost of one cup of seedlings leaves from 8 to 15 rubles, depending on the region. Thus, 7,500 glasses of at least 8 rubles each will bring an income of 60,000 rubles.
Purchase of varietal seeds, bulbs, with a germination rate of up to 80%. The cost of one seed is approximately 12 kopecks per piece. For growing 7 500 pcs. seedlings need to be purchased 9,000 pcs. seeds, 1,080 rubles will be spent on this.
Acquisition of soil, for cups, approximately 10 cubic meters. will be 8,000 rubles.
The cost of 1 cup is 1.8 rubles, in total you will need 13,500 rubles.
The arrangement of heating the greenhouse during the period of seedling growth will cost 2,000 rubles.

Total expenses will be: 1,080 + 8,000 + 13,500 + 2,000 = 24,580 rubles. Net profit will amount to 35,420 rubles. (Read more in the article " Greenhouse business plan”) Which OKVED to indicate in order to register OKVED 2 Section A: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and fish farming. OKVED 2 01 Crop and livestock breeding, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas. OKVED 2 01.3 Growing seedlings OKVED 2 01.30 Growing seedlings

What documents are needed to open

This business will require a package of documents related to agricultural activities and retail. It is necessary to register a business entity: it can be an individual entrepreneur or a collective farm. Prepared documents must be submitted to public authorities or to multifunctional public service centers (MFCs).

Taxation system

This business relates to the production of agricultural products, therefore, a taxation system is applied for agricultural producers, the so-called single agricultural tax. (ESHN). The main condition of this tax is that the proceeds from the sale of these products is at least 70% of the total proceeds, and also that the enterprise must be engaged in the production of agricultural products, and not its sale. ESHN is calculated as follows: CxB, where St is the tax rate, B is the tax base. The tax rate is 6%, and the tax base is calculated from the income received in the reporting period, minus expenses.

Professional business plans on the topic:

Farm business plan (14 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Plant nursery business plan (25 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Business plan for growing potatoes (15 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

Permissions to open

For this type of activity, the seller of seedlings must issue a sanitary phyto-certification. You can get it from the health department. It is also necessary to register an enterprise with state authorities, register with the tax office as an agricultural producer, purchase land or conclude a lease agreement. In fact, there are many more ways to get rich. The author of this blog writes in great detail about these methods in article about ways to invest and start a business.

Growing strawberries in greenhouse conditions requires the creation of special conditions and certain monetary costs. How justified the latter is of interest to every gardener. The issue of self-sufficiency and profit is especially important when the crop is grown for further sale.

To calculate the possible income, draw up an appropriate business plan. Its main point is the yield of harvested strawberries in a greenhouse from 1 m2, which is multiplied by the total usable area. The revenue received, minus expenses, is profit.

What criteria affect yield?

The fundamental factors on which the fruiting of a crop depends include the following:

Planting density. What matters is the size of the landing tanks involved, the layout.
Conditions of detention. Properly organized care directly affects the fruiting of the crop.
Sort. It is necessary to choose only the best and high-yielding varieties.
Technology. Year-round cultivation of strawberries involves a choice between the Dutch and Russian methods.

Each nuance is reflected in the final volume of products received.

It's interesting to know! Sweet and juicy strawberries contain virtually no sugar. There are even whole weight loss systems for those who want to gain harmony.

The best greenhouse varieties

When cultivating strawberries for themselves, gardeners choose varieties according to their taste and preferences. Farmers interested in the success and profitability of the event should focus on the following features:

number of blooms per year;
regularity of release of ovaries;
resistance to diseases and pests;
berry quality.

The fruits should be large in size, bright red in color and excellent in taste. Fragrant berries are the most popular among buyers.

Time-tested varieties

They have been successfully grown for many years in a greenhouse and consistently bring a rich quality crop. Each has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account before landing.

Evie 2

Remontant high-yielding variety with large sweet berries. The variety is intended for protected ground. The main advantage is that the culture perfectly tolerates transportation. If agrotechnical standards are observed, about 2 kg of crop is harvested from each Evie bush.

Honey

Can be grown in open ground. The variety is highly resistant to one of the biggest scourges for all indoor varieties - gray rot. The culture is not afraid of a temporary increase in humidity and a decrease in temperature, and does not deteriorate during transportation. Fruiting variety is not the highest. About 500 g of sweet and sour berries are obtained from a bush.

Alba

Early ripe variety with tasty conical berries. Like most varieties grown in protected ground, it tolerates transportation well. For a long time it can be kept in unfavorable conditions, but it gives 1.2 kg from each bush only if all cultivation rules are observed.

Elsanta

On average, it gives about 1.5 kg of medium berries from each bush. Differs in fine tastes, but is exacting in leaving. It is possible to keep this strawberry only in a heated greenhouse, since during the period of frost it can die. With the exception of low temperatures, the variety almost never gets sick and is not affected by pests.

Octave

Excellent fruiting in closed ground conditions. Berries have a wonderful aroma, have excellent taste characteristics. The early ripe variety tolerates low temperatures well, so a short absence of heating will not lead to the death of the bush, and it is also resistant to many pests.

Sonata

Dutch variety with large fragrant dessert berries. Excellent resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold. Worked well in greenhouse conditions.

Darenka

How to improve productivity?
We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year, a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.
Read...

A non-repairable early maturing variety bred by Russian breeders for planting in protected ground. The culture is resistant to almost all diseases. Sweet, characteristic strawberry-flavored berries ripen on the bushes.

High Yielding Varieties

If strawberries are grown in a greenhouse for commercial purposes for large deliveries, farmers give their preference to the following varieties:

Baron Solemacher. The variety bred by Dutch breeders allows you to collect up to 4 kg of sweet small berries.
Albion. It does not belong to remontant varieties, but has a good yield. With proper cultivation, yields from 2 to 4 kg. Small berries ripen on a bush, each of which on average weighs about 12 g.
Picture 7
Brighton. Repair variety. Particularly attractive for commercial cultivation, as one berry weighs approximately 80 g. In addition, the variety is characterized by excellent resistance to the process of transportation and a long shelf life.
Primadonna F1. Perfectly suitable for cultivation in our country remontant Dutch variety. The hybrid tolerates transportation well and has sweet fruits.
Elizabeth II. Juicy and sweet strawberries ripen on the bushes. From one plant you can get up to 4 kg of fruit. Does not tolerate transportation well.

The choice is determined not only by the yield, but also by the characteristics of the variety.

How much yield per year can be obtained from one bush?

The fruiting of each variety has its own limitations. Maximum amount berries can be obtained only with the ideal observance of all conditions of detention. The largest yield from one plant does not exceed 4 kg. You can take care of the hybrid as much as you like, but it will not allow you to get more fruits.

If we talk about early breeding varieties, they give up to 400-500 g per fruiting. A similar result can be achieved without any special effort, but if yield is a priority, care and maintenance are of paramount importance.

How to grow strawberries in greenhouse conditions?

Landing is carried out from the end of February to the first half of March. The land in which cereals grew as green manure is considered ideal. It is imported from the fields, which is not always possible. You can not take the soil in which potatoes or cabbage were grown. Sod land can become an alternative to imported substrate. It is pre-loosened by adding sawdust.

Culture is quite demanding on the duration of daylight hours. During the flowering period, strawberries in the greenhouse should be illuminated from 14 to 17 hours a day. This is one of the main conditions for obtaining a rich year-round harvest. It is also important to monitor the humidity of the air. The first 3 weeks after planting seedlings, it should be 80, before the flowering period - 75, and during the growing season - 70%.

The maximum size of the berries on the bushes grow under the condition of properly selected dressings. Experienced farmers advise the use of complex fertilizers, which include superphosphate, magnesia, potassium, urea. Obtaining organic fruits involves the use of compost or manure, but from such top dressing, fruiting will be more scarce.

Temperature regime

The most difficult moment of keeping strawberries. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to achieve a gradual decrease in temperature. Otherwise, fruiting will be rather poor or will not occur. Mustaches and fruits do not form on bushes if the air temperature drops below +12. Most varieties do not tolerate temperature fluctuations from the beginning of the flowering period, even within 5 degrees.

The optimal content regime is considered:

from planting to rooting +25;
when flowering from +22 to +15 degrees.

The decrease in temperature should be gradual. Any sharp jumps during the flowering period or a drop in the thermometer below +15 threatens with the absence of full pollination, which negatively affects fruiting. Hybrid varieties are normally drafty, but it is allowed to ventilate the greenhouse only at a temperature of 7 degrees above zero.

How is pollination carried out in a greenhouse?

If the choice is not made in favor of a self-pollinating hybrid, plants will have to be pollinated artificially. In greenhouse conditions there is no wind, insects, rain. The exception is structures with an opening roof. If this was not provided, you have to resort to other methods.

Creating artificial wind

It is carried out by installing fans that drive air flows directed in different directions. One device is required for an area of 30 square meters. Fans are turned on once a day for several hours. Do this during the period of active flowering.

Remontant hybrids bloom almost constantly. They require regular pollination by "artificial wind" turned on for at least 3 hours. On large greenhouse areas, it is better to mount several installations, and on small ones, you can use a conventional portable device.

bees

Most effective method pollination, but also the most laborious. The hive requires additional space in the greenhouse. Another disadvantage is that the bees must be released, and, therefore, it is impossible to be indoors without a protective suit. Otherwise, there is a risk of being stung.

Shower

It is created by means of powerful sprayers. Flowering bushes are watered from plants. The expediency of this method is doubtful, since the efficiency of pollination is no more than 45%. More than half of the pollen is washed away by artificially created rain.

Draft

It is formed by opening opposite windows. Such pollination brings especially high efficiency in warm weather at an average wind speed. The technique is suitable for greenhouses that have a strong frame that can withstand the load from gusts of air masses.

What technology to choose?

Two systems for cultivating strawberries in a greenhouse have become widespread - Russian and Dutch. Each has its own characteristics. Profitability and fruiting directly depend on the choice of a specific technology, strict adherence to agrotechnical standards.

Russian

Strawberries are planted directly in ground beds, and not in containers. Each is one meter wide. Be sure to provide for the presence of passages. From above, 5 cm of fine gravel or expanded clay, 10 cm of sand and 8 cm of fertile soil are poured onto the beds.

For every sq. m. contribute 10 g of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate. Sockets are planted in a checkerboard pattern or in increments of 30 cm. The holes are made 8-10 cm deep. To increase humidity and prevent the growth of weeds, cover the plantings with a film or agrofiber.

Watering organize drip. The first 3-4 weeks it should be daily, and after rooting - once a week. Top dressing is made with nitrogen with the transition to saltpeter, potassium, superphosphate after 2 months. The development of bushes contributes to carbon dioxide.

The advantage of the technology is that there is no need to replace the bushes after each flowering, but this leads to lower yields.

Dutch

It has a lot of advantages and is most widely used far outside the Netherlands. Landings are placed in several tiers, which allows you to "plant" on 1 square. m. at least 50 bushes, and with proper location and more.

Fruit is much easier to pick from pots, pipes or bags than from garden beds. The increase in yield is achieved due to the compact layout of outlets, better access to light and oxygen. Cold air stays down, and savings on irrigation can reach 50%.

The only negative is the renewal of plantings after the end of the fruiting period. The gardener needs to constantly purchase new seedlings or prepare his own.

What yield of strawberries in a greenhouse can really be obtained from each square meter?

It all depends on the technology, variety, compliance with agricultural standards. Russian technology is less labor intensive, but gives a smaller yield, which can vary from 5 to 15 kg. The Dutch method is much more efficient. On average, if all the conditions for proper maintenance are fully met, from 1 sq. m. you can collect 25 kg of berries. Considering that 3-4 crops are obtained per year, 75-100 kg of strawberries are obtained, and the total volume depends on the size of the greenhouse itself.

Crazy strawberry harvest

And a little about the secrets of the Author

Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain? And you know firsthand what it is:

inability to move easily and comfortably;
discomfort when going up and down stairs;

Around the perimeter thermal insulation must be provided from expanded clay to protect plants during periods of severe prolonged cold weather. Frame jumpers must be placed longitudinally at a distance of 75–90 cm from each other. This design will help to avoid damage to the walls during heavy snowfalls.

A greenhouse for growing tomatoes all year round should not just stand on the ground! Its recommended set on a wooden platform from thick bars. In addition, you need to do concrete base on top of which lay the foam. Otherwise, the plants may freeze when the soil cools down.

The greenhouse must be equipped with good lighting and heating. For illumination, usually sodium and fluorescent lamps . How to site, read on our website.

In autumn, the room must be prepared:

Clean the greenhouse from dirt and debris.
Check all electrical appliances, plumbing system, troubleshoot and restore to good condition.
All disinfect surfaces potassium permanganate solution. You can fumigate the room with sulfur bombs.

Suitable varieties

When choosing varieties, preference should be given to those that meet certain requirements:

indeterminacy. Bushes can be allowed to grow up, making the most of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room;
high yield;
early and very early fruit ripening;
excellent taste properties;
high resistance to various diseases and attack by harmful insects;
long-term keeping.

These varieties include: tomato tree Octopus, Malyshok, Annabelle, Dobrun, Flamenco, Pink Flamingo, Junior, Samara, Amber, Hurricane.

Hurricane- high-yielding, early ripe variety. Versatile in use, has excellent taste properties and a high content of vitamin C.

Amber- ultra-early, high-yielding variety, very resistant to late blight and macrosporosis (see photo below).

Samara- indeterminate early ripe hybrid variety. Universal use, high resistance to most diseases (see photo below).

Junior- ultra-early, superdeterminant hybrid. Differs in strong resistance to many diseases and excellent taste of fruits.

Pink flamingo- early ripe, indeterminate variety. Gives very tasty and lezhkoe tomatoes. The shelf life is about 60-70 days (see photo below).

Flamenco- early ripe, semi-determinant hybrid. The use of fruits is universal, the taste properties are excellent, the yield is high. In addition, the variety is resistant to most diseases.

Dobrun- a hybrid indeterminate variety with high disease resistance and excellent keeping quality.

Octopus- a unique variety of tomatoes that are grown on a tree. It has a phenomenal yield (see photo below).

Annabelle- indeterminate high-yielding hybrid. Very resistant to a whole range of diseases and root-knot nematodes.

baby- an early maturing superdeterminant variety intended for greenhouse cultivation only. The hybrid is genetically disease resistant.

Soil preparation

Before planting seedlings, the earth can be replaced with a new one or the old one can be disinfected. For this potassium permanganate solution is used average concentration. They carefully spill the entire soil.

After the earth dries out, it is recommended to dig it up. At the same time, compost is introduced in the amount 1.5–2 buckets per square meter area. It can be replaced by the California worm family. Their activities will improve the porosity of the soil and will regularly enrich it with vermicompost.

It is also desirable to improve the soil with mineral fertilizers. For this, the following complex is being prepared:

copper sulfate (5g);
potassium magnesia (50g);
ferrous sulfate (5g);
potassium chloride (30g);
double superphosphate (50g).

Features of care

How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter? Young sprouts are moved to the greenhouse only after they have reached a height of 18–21 cm. Before that, they fed several times a mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. In greenhouses, it is most convenient to use a tape planting method.

The distance between the ribbons should be at least 80 cm, between plants about 55–65 cm. It is recommended to tie a rope or wire along the ribbon of planted bushes so that the seedlings grow vertically. As they grow, they form the correct bushes by conducting timely stepsoning.

Indeterminate varieties are made in one shoot, the rest - in two. The tops of all extra stems are pinched off. In addition, it is recommended to remove all lower foliage.

The optimum soil temperature is about 19ºC, air - 23ºC–26ºC. Watering is better before lunch, moistening the earth as it dries. With a constant deficit of moisture, the development of bushes stops, the ovaries and inflorescences begin to fall off. Loosening the soil between the tapes and under the bushes is carried out regularly, the entire period of plant life.

When growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, it is necessary to carry out top dressing. No permanent input mineral complexes in the ground, plants will cease to bear fruit and fully develop.

feed bushes desirable every 13-15 days. To do this, use a mixture of ammonium nitrate (15g), superphosphate (40g) and potassium salts (20g).

Before the formation of inflorescences, a 0.6% concentration of the working solution is used, and then it is increased to 1%. Consumption rate - bucket of mortar per square meter r soil. To ensure normal photosynthesis under artificial conditions, open containers filled with a mixture of mullein and water are required in the greenhouse. It will enrich the air carbon dioxide required for the process of photosynthesis.

When grown outdoors, the inflorescences are pollinated by bees. They are not in the greenhouse, so pollination have to produce independently. To do this, each brush with flowers is slightly shaken, and then gently watered from above from a watering can.

yield

The yield of tomatoes in a greenhouse with 1 square meter per year, can average 50 ... 55 kg.

With the right maintenance and creation of the most suitable conditions for plants from one bush you can collect from 11 to 24-26 kg of fruit. This figure varies depending on the variety.

The process of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter is more difficult than just in open soil. it requires financial investments and high physical costs. But the results can be amazing!

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The climatic conditions of some regions and the unfavorable environmental background negatively affect the development of cucumbers. As a result of the impact external factors there is a low germination of seeds, a reduction in the period of fruiting, a decrease in the taste of fruits. For these reasons, and to get an early harvest, gardeners grow crops in greenhouse conditions. You can increase the yield of cucumbers from one square meter by planting plants in a greenhouse.

Greenhouse conditions for the plant are the most acceptable: the desired temperature regime and a high degree of air humidity are created. Cucumbers react very positively to both factors, as a result of which it is easy to harvest a good harvest. In addition, there are many advantages of this cultivation method:

opportunity to enrich the soil composition nutrients or completely replace it;
limit the access of precipitation to the garden;
reduce the risk of plant infection;
getting an early harvest and prolonging the fruiting period;
irrigation control (amount of liquid and its temperature);
competent introduction of dressings.

When using greenhouse technology, it is important to choose suitable varieties. Among the existing ones, there are many that are not suitable for greenhouses.

It is necessary to prepare the greenhouse for planting in the fall. The surfaces of the structure are washed out and treated with lime mortar for the purpose of disinfection. The soil is fertilized and covered with a thick layer of mulch. In the spring, after cleaning the soil and walls, the soil is enriched with organic matter (manure, humus).

Landing is carried out in rows, so that it is more convenient to tie the lashes to the trellises. 3 bushes are planted per square meter. The interval between rows is at least 50 cm, so that it is convenient to move along the beds.

Yields largely depend on the variety chosen and the type of greenhouse. Among the most prolific varieties, the following varieties stand out:

Tumi - up to 11 kg per bush;
Amur F1 - from 30 to 50 kg per m2;
German F1 - up to 25 kg per m2;
Prestige F1 - up to 28 kg per m2;
Ecole F1 - up to 9 kg per bush.

Proper Ways to Store Fresh Cucumbers

Growing a good crop is half the battle. It is important to keep it for fresh consumption and preservation. There are many proven and new technologies that can be adopted. How long cucumbers can be stored depends on storage conditions.

In order for cucumbers to retain their presentation and taste longer, it is recommended to use a refrigerator. Knowing some rules and techniques will allow you to enjoy the aroma and freshness of greens from 3 days to a month and increase the shelf life.

Tray for vegetables

For about 3 days, the fruits do not change their qualities if they are placed in a vegetable tray. In this case, special training is not required.

In a plastic bag

Up to 10 days, the fruits remain usable if they are placed in a plastic bag and covered with damp gauze. The packaging should be left open for air circulation.

In paper towels

If each Zelenets is wrapped with a paper towel and placed in a plastic bag without closing it from above, the shelf life increases to 2 weeks.

In a water tray

Cucumbers will stay firm and fresh for up to 3-4 weeks when stored in a tray of water. To do this, liquid is drawn into the container by 1-2 cm. All fruits are placed in it vertically with their tails down. The tray itself is placed in the vegetable compartment. Water should be changed every 2-3 days.

In egg white

You can extend the shelf life of cucumbers up to 1 month with the help of egg white. To do this, you need to prepare the fruits - wash and dry with a paper towel. While the vegetables are dried in a natural way, you need to separate the protein from the yolk and beat it a little with a whisk. Then each cucumber must be soaked and dried on a wire rack. The resulting protein film prevents the evaporation of moisture, as a result of which greens are stored for a long time (at least a month) in the vegetable tray of the refrigerator.

How to save cucumber at home

There are enough methods for storing cucumbers indoors.

In a cardboard box

The shortest time (2-3 days) is provided by a cardboard box or a wooden box. The harvested crop is laid out neatly in a container and placed in a room with a temperature regime of at least 10-15 °.

in wet tissue

For about a week, greens remain fresh if they are wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in a cool room with a temperature of 6-7 °. Where it is important to prevent the fabric from drying out so as not to disturb the humidity regime.

Regardless of the method used, it is necessary to inspect vegetables every 3 days and remove damaged specimens.

The main mistakes in storing the crop

The home method of storing cucumbers has its own nuances. What ways did they not come up with to increase the shelf life of cucumbers, while allowing gross mistakes. Among the most incorrect advice, the following stand out.

Packing fruits in cellophane where there is no air access to cucumbers. With such storage, a microenvironment is quickly formed, which leads to the spread of rot.
Filling a vegetable tray or container with cucumbers and other fresh fruit, vegetables that release ethylene. The substance provokes biochemical processes that accelerate the ripening of greens.
It is impossible to leave a container with cucumbers in a lighted room. Under the influence of ultraviolet light, the skin changes color, yellowness appears.
It is necessary to lay fruits in boxes or boxes only dry. If the harvest took place in the rain, then you need to give time to dry. Wet cucumbers quickly wither and rot.
Before preparing the fruits for storage, they are kept for several days at room temperature. This is a mistake, plucked fruits should be prepared as soon as possible and sent to the refrigerator or cellar.

It is not difficult to build a greenhouse, since the choice of materials allows you to choose best option designs. For residents of regions with a harsh climate, growing any crop is quite problematic, and greenhouse conditions allow replenishing the diet for 4-6 months. fresh vegetables. Proper storage will extend the period of replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals that cucumber is rich in.