Sections: Working with preschoolers

activities of health care institutions. These factors in the same proportion affect not only mental but also general health.

Socio-psychological factors

Disharmony of family education (violations in the sphere of parent-child relations). At the same time, the following types of improper upbringing are distinguished: emotional rejection of the child - rejection, the presence of strict regulatory and control measures, the imposition of a certain type of behavior on the child in accordance with parental concepts of "good children". Another pole of rejection is indifference, connivance and lack of control on the part of parents. In such conditions, children grow up timid, downtrodden, indecisive.

Socio-cultural factors

These factors are due to the acceleration of the pace of modern life, lack of time, insufficient conditions for relieving emotional stress and for relaxation. The consequence of this is the excessive workload of parents, their neuroticism, the emergence of many personal problems, combined with insufficient awareness of the ways to resolve intrapersonal conflicts and the possibilities of psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance. Such personal disharmony of parents is reflected in the development of children and has a negative impact on their psyche.

Socio-economic factors

These include unsatisfactory living conditions, the employment of parents, the early exit of the mother to work and the placement of the child in a nursery. I.V. Dubrovina (1995) believes that the placement of children under 3 years old in a nursery or the involvement of a nanny for their upbringing is a strong psychotraumatic event. She recommends placing a child in kindergarten, without risking his mental health, after the age of 3 years.

Characteristics of the main areas of recreational activities

The main areas of recreational activities and preschool educational institutions include:

• organization of the sanitary and epidemiological regime and the creation hygiene conditions the life of children;
• catering;
• ensuring the psychological safety of children during their stay in kindergarten;
• organization of medical and preventive work with children and employees;
• physical education of children.

1. Organization of the sanitary and epidemiological regime and the creation of hygienic conditions for the life of children are regulated by a whole series of legal and regulatory documents that all employees of preschool institutions must know.

It is important to say about the civic responsibility of teachers. And first of all it concerns the organization of child care. The fact is that a child under 7 years of age is programmed to be cared for by adults, and poor care or its absence qualifies as child abuse. Caring for a child is, first of all, ensuring the cleanliness of his body, clothes, and the bed on which he sleeps. A well-groomed child has a nose in order, there is a handkerchief. His hair is combed, his nails trimmed, and so on.
Scientists of the Institute Helmholtz in Germany conducted unique studies and proved that the light flux, penetrating through the pupil of the eye, in a certain way affects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of the brain, which, in turn, "know" the processes of growth and metabolism. Therefore, there should be enough light in group rooms, and areas for children to study and play should be located in the most illuminated places. But the main thing is that children should be in the fresh air as much as possible.

2. Organization of nutrition for children in a preschool institution, which takes a course on the improvement of children and the optimization of physical education, also requires some correction.

The psychological component is associated with comfortable eating conditions. Everything is important here: the quality of the dishes offered to children, their compliance with the needs of a growing organism, the variety of menus and the procedure of eating.
It is important to note that providing psychological comfort during a meal only a team of professionals who live in step with the times and sincerely love their pupils can do it.

3. Ensuring the psychological safety of children during their stay in a preschool institution, it involves the elimination and prevention of various kinds of threats and dangers that contribute to the emergence of psycho-emotional stress in children, reducing their level of natural activity and mood.
Psychological discomfort can be caused by various reasons: the actions of a teacher with insufficient psychological preparation; unpreparedness of children for the proposed physical and educational loads; high expectations on the part of adults regarding children; negative evaluation! the educator, involuntarily expressed by him in an uncontrolled remark or an unconscious look; the state of nervous tension of the teacher is also transmitted to children.
Irrational, poor nutrition, lack of freedom of movement, the body's reaction to the weather, improper organization of sleep and rest, unresolved children's problems can also pose a threat to the psychological well-being of babies.

Signs of a depressed child

1. Bad dream. The child has difficulty falling asleep and sleeps very restlessly.
2. Tiredness of the child after the load, which used to be given to him easily.
3. Unreasonable resentment, tearfulness for an insignificant reason, or, on the contrary, aggressiveness.
4. Absent-mindedness, forgetfulness, lack of confidence in oneself, one's strengths, restless restlessness also speak of an uncomfortable psychological state. A child in this state more often seeks the approval of adults, "clings" to them.
5. The state of psychological stress can manifest itself in previously unobserved antics and stubbornness, fear of contacts, striving for loneliness. The child ceases to participate in the games of peers, at the same time, he has difficulty in maintaining discipline.
6. Sometimes the child constantly chews or sucks something that was not noticed before. Sometimes he has a persistent loss of appetite.
7. Signs of a stressful state of the child are also trembling hands, shaking the head, twitching of the shoulders, playing with the genitals, nocturnal and even daytime urinary incontinence that have not taken place before.
8. Some children in a state of prolonged stress begin to lose weight, look malnourished, or, on the contrary, they have symptoms of obesity.
9. Memory disorders, imagination difficulties, poor concentration of attention, loss of interest in everything that previously caused activity, also indicate a psycho-emotional state of distress.

All of the above signs can tell us that the child is under stress, only if they have not been observed before. It should also be noted that not all of these signs can be explicitly expressed. But you should worry even when only a few of them have appeared.

In an educational institution in a stressful situation, the adaptation process proceeds more often as a reaction of adaptation. And in children, as a way of protective behavior, a social mask very often appears. They can become deceitful, insecure, uncommunicative, fanatically stubborn, often helpless in life. Unfortunately, these effects of stress are rarely noticed in a timely manner by adults. Usually they notice that something is wrong with the child when the multiples are already unfolding! reactions.

The risk of a stressful state is especially high in childhood when the conditions for normal physical development are violated. The feeling of physical health, one's physical abilities and bodily well-being contributes to a sustainable sense of comfort. It is known that the soul and the body respond together to any event. Mental tension causes muscle tone, and, conversely, muscle tension leads to an emotional outburst. Children experience the highest physical load in a physical education class in the game, but what an emotional upsurge we observe at the same time!

Scientists have long proven that you are the best way to relieve nervous tension; exercise stress. The use of movements as a counterweight to negative emotions was recommended, for example, by N.P. Bekhterev. The famous Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov said that any physical activity gives "muscular joy, creating a stable mood."

According to statistics, children, starting from toddler age, lack sleep for 1.5–2 hours a day, approximately 5%. The reason is the underestimation of the importance of sleep for the health of the child, as well as its inept organization.

Child preschool age should sleep 12 to 14 hours a day.

There is an opinion that there is nothing wrong with the fact that the child falls asleep to the sound of the TV, the conversations of adults. It is believed that such a Spartan manner of upbringing allows you to raise a child to be pampered. But this is a serious misconception. Special studies have shown that in such an environment there can be no deep sleep, and therefore, the child's nervous system does not receive proper rest. The child becomes restless, irritable for no reason, often cries, loses appetite. During sleep, metabolic processes in the human body are normalized, and experts in the field of psychology and psychiatry note that proper sleep is the best cure for anxiety.

4. Organization of medical and preventive work in a preschool institution involves the implementation of a set of measures to improve the health of the child, increasing the ability of his body to withstand various kinds of environmental influences (for example, cold, high humidity), as well as the rehabilitation of children after illnesses.

5. Physical education traditionally understood as a pedagogical process aimed at achieving physical perfection.

It is better to do less, but professionally, than a lot, but of poor quality.

The purpose of the health-improving work of the preschool educational institution is to preserve and strengthen the health of children, as well as to form parents, teachers, pupils responsible for maintaining their own health.

In DOE we use the following preventive measures.

1. Organization proper nutrition children

An indispensable prevention of colds is a complete and varied diet of the baby.

Fortifying agents include vitamin C (citrus fruits, cabbage, rose hips), vitamin A (carrots, sweet peppers, any greens), zinc (all green vegetables, eggs, dairy products), magnesium and selenium (any cereals).

2. Active lifestyle and hardening of the child

The system for the prevention of colds and the improvement of children in preschool educational institutions includes breathing exercises, recreational exercises after sleep with elements of self-massage, phyto-vitamin-drug therapy, and oxygen cocktails.

In all age groups, several forms of physical culture and health-improving activities are implemented: morning gymnastics in the gym and outdoors in the summer, various outdoor games throughout the day, physical education classes in the gym and outdoors. Together, these forms of activity make it possible to ensure the motor activity of children throughout the day, rationally distribute the intellectual and physical load of children, which contributes to the improvement of children. Health days, winter and summer sports days are organized annually.

At present, in a kindergarten, such a method of hardening is also used, such as walking along wet salt paths and contrasting dousing of the feet in combination with barefoot walking on massage mats, paths, and a ribbed board located in different places of the group. As a result of the work carried out, children not only harden the skin of the feet to the influence of low temperatures, but also massage the feet. And it stimulates biologically active points, improving adaptation and increasing the stability of the whole organism.

Swimming is a universal hardening for everyone. It not only perfectly tempers and improves immunity, it is practically indispensable for a growing organism, as it develops muscles, promotes growth and normalizes the state of the child's vegetative-vascular system, which withstands high loads during the period of active growth. In addition, for preschoolers, visiting the pool becomes a universal means of relaxing all muscles and calming nerves.

3. Clothing for the season

Children's clothing should be appropriate for the season, not warmer or lighter than necessary. The main requirement: so that there is no hypothermia, the feet are dry and warm. In winter, parents need to bring spare clothes to the kindergarten, as daily morning and evening walks are planned in kindergarten.

4. Timely isolation of patients with acute viral and bacterial infections. When the first signs of the disease are detected, the child must be isolated.

5. Specific disease prevention:

To prevent influenza, an annual vaccination is carried out.

Increasing the body's defenses in the autumn-winter period. Taking antiviral drugs during the season of increased incidence of algirem, anaferon, arbidol, rimantadine, etc., as well as the use of herbs (phytotherapy), homeopathic prophylactic agents and honey (in the absence of allergic reactions to the introduction of these drugs ).

Conditions for maintaining the mental health of children in kindergarten and family

“Health care is the most important work of an educator. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, self-confidence depend on the cheerfulness and vivacity of children. Sukhomlinsky.

Psychology is the science of the soul. So mental health is mental health. It includes normal emotional, behavioral and social well-being. The proverb says that a healthy mind lives in a healthy body. Physical and mental, as well as social health are interconnected.

The very use of the term "mental health" already emphasizes the inseparability of the physical and mental in a person. Therefore, it is mental health that is a prerequisite for physical health.

As a result of Jewett’s study, which studied the mental characteristics of people who lived safely to 80-90 years, it turned out that they all had optimism, emotional calmness, the ability to rejoice, self-sufficiency and the ability to adapt to difficult life circumstances, which fully fits into the “portrait” of a mentally healthy person. person.

A mentally healthy person is, first of all, a spontaneous and creative person, cheerful and cheerful, open and knowing himself and the world around him not only with his mind, but also with feelings, intuition. A mentally healthy person lives in harmony with himself and others.

It is no secret that favorable conditions for the development, education and upbringing of a preschooler can be realized only with the close interaction of two social institutions - kindergarten and family. Joint activities of preschool teachers educational institution and parents to preserve and strengthen the health of the child, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the basics of hygienic and physical culture It has not only pedagogical, but also deep social significance. After all, the health of children is the future of the country, the basis of its national security.

It is generally accepted that the foundation of a child's health is laid in the family. Despite the fact that many parents recognize the importance of physical education, researchers state that parents are clearly insufficiently active in this element of family education. Meanwhile, family physical education contributes both to the full development and strengthening of the health of children, and the establishment of a favorable family microclimate. Therefore, the revival of the traditions of family physical education in modern conditions is important not only for improving the health of the younger generation, but also for strengthening family values.

Risk factors for mental health problems can be roughly divided into two groups:

I. OBJECTIVE OR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.

II. SUBJECTIVE, CAUSED BY INDIVIDUAL-PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS.

1. INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.

Environmental factors are most significant for the mental health of children.

1. Family adverse factors

1). The most significant risk factor is interaction by type "the child is the idol of the family" when the satisfaction of the needs of the child prevails over the satisfaction of the needs of other family members.

2) Absence of one of the parents

3) Conflict relations between parents

Constant quarrels in the family lead to the fact that the child constantly feels defenseless and unhappy. Often the kid thinks that he is to blame for conflicts between parents. All this can cause injury to the still unformed child's psyche. The child becomes withdrawn, suffers from nightmares and obsessive childhood fears. Children growing up in such families do not see an example of a normal model of behavior in front of them, which often prevents them from building interpersonal relationships in the future. Mental trauma often provokes the development of neurotic symptoms in a child: tics, enuresis, impaired attention and speech.

3) Parent programming

Due to the extremely pronounced need for parental love, the child seeks to adapt his behavior to meet their expectations, based on their verbal and non-verbal signals. Such a child does not live his own life, but the one that he was “programmed”. When carefully studied, such a child most often demonstrates increased anxiety, self-doubt, and sometimes expressed fears.

4) parenting styles

Diktat- this is a systematic suppression by some family members (mainly adults or older children imitating them) of the initiative and self-esteem of its other members.

With a child's propensity for leadership, the result is the development of a strong reaction of resistance in the child. If the child's personality is vulnerable and unstable, the result of the educational process is increased anxiety, suspiciousness, a tendency to fear and self-doubt.

Overprotection(indulgent, dominant) is a system of relations in the family, in which parents, ensuring the satisfaction of all the needs of the child, protect him from any worries, efforts and difficulties, taking them upon themselves. This style of relationships in the family involves total control and excessive custody of the child. Parents choose what the baby will do, with whom to be friends, what to think on this or that occasion, leaving no freedom. In this case, the family often prevents the formation of independence and responsibility.

The result is shyness, self-doubt and a complex of the child. An emotionally immature, capricious, self-centered, demanding personality, unadapted to life, is formed. On the other hand, harassed from childhood by excessive care, the child himself begins to feel powerless in any situation that requires him to act or make a decision. He hardly socializes, is afraid to make a mistake or make his own decision. It also happens vice versa that during the transition to adolescence, the child feels the need to get rid of excessive guardianship, which ultimately leads to rebellion, vivid manifestations of emancipation and protest behavior.

Hypoopeka (non-intervention) - involves open or hidden emotional rejection of the baby by his own parents. In this case, the child does not receive the necessary attention, care, support and assistance. With such upbringing, children are given complete freedom, and adults are absolutely not interested in the activities, interests and feelings of the younger members of the family. Another variant of hypoprotection may be emotional coldness, combined with excessive demands on the child. In such a situation in the family, the health of children usually suffers greatly. Toddlers may lag behind in intellectual and physical development, suffer from sleep disorders and stuttering. Many develop neurotic habits - nail biting, thumb sucking, etc. Stomach pain, enuresis and other health problems are sometimes observed.

Parents relying on this type of upbringing believe that it contributes to the development of independence, responsibility, and the accumulation of experience. Making mistakes, the child is forced to analyze and correct them himself. But this method sins with the likelihood of developing emotional alienation in the child, including from parents. Unkind in childhood, not receiving the necessary share of parental care, such a child feels too lonely, distrustful, often too suspicious. It is difficult for him to entrust some business to other people. He tries to do everything himself.

Cooperation- this is a way of building relationships in the family, the main principle of which is the unification of the family by common goals and objectives, joint activities, mutual support in all areas, including emotional. The starting point in education in this case is the word "we". The child has enough independence, but there is always an adult nearby who is ready to come to the rescue in time, support, explain, and reassure. Members of such families are united by common values, family traditions, spontaneous holidays, emotional need for each other, joint activities.

In practice in ordinary families As a rule, different parenting styles collide, creating tension in the family and adversely affecting the development of the child.

5). The problematic nature of the family (anti-pedagogical, immoral, asocial, crisis).

1) Communication with the teacher is not established

It should be noted the meeting of the child in kindergarten with the first foreign significant adult - the educator, which will largely determine his subsequent interaction with significant adults. Studies have shown that the educator usually does not notice about 50% of the appeals of children directed to her. And this can lead to an increase in the independence of the child, a decrease in his egocentrism, and maybe to dissatisfaction with his need for security, the development of anxiety, psychosomatization.

2) Conflict relations with peers

In addition, in kindergarten, a child may have a serious internal conflict in case of conflict relations with peers. The internal conflict is caused by contradictions between the requirements of other people and the capabilities of the child, violates emotional comfort, and inhibits the formation of personality.

3) Types of education in a preschool educational institution

Authoritarian- the educator performs guiding, organizational functions, and the children are only performers. He does not notice that the lack of independence of children, their lack of initiative is a consequence of his authoritarian tendencies towards overprotection.

The educator lacks respect and trust in the personality of the growing person. Such an educator is focused on dominance, conducting, commanding in all situations of pedagogical communication, expects unquestioning obedience and obedience. The desires of children mean little to him. He has a formal approach to the upbringing and education of children.

When organizing work in a group, he does not take into account and does not study the relationship between children. For him, the relationship of sympathy-antipathy between children does not matter. As a result, he often involuntarily intensifies the relationship of tension, hostility between individual children.

Such a teacher does not like and does not know how to admit his mistakes. Disciplining influences prevail over organizing ones.

The educator of this type of upbringing underestimates the possibilities and abilities of children. His evaluative statements are dominated by remarks and censures. He has no inclination to use indirect means of influencing children. He considers it more correct to direct and publicly point out to the child his mistakes, miscalculations, shortcomings in behavior.

Democratic- optimal division of functions between the teacher and children of older preschool age. At the same time, the teacher takes into account the age-related psychological characteristics of children. With a maximum of requirements for children, he also shows maximum respect for them. The educator has a clear need to receive information back from the children about how they perceive this or that material in joint activities.

When organizing such activities, he takes into account and studies interpersonal relationships between children. His use of knowledge about likes and dislikes that take place when children interact with each other is an important condition for the success of his work.

A teacher who adheres to a democratic type of education is able to admit mistakes made, despite the fact that it is difficult. The number of educational influences he uses when interacting with children is less, but they are more diverse. Its organizing influences on the child's personality prevail over disciplining ones, and positive assessments of the child's activity prevail over negative ones. He treats the child as a valuable person.

Moreover, a tendency to indirect means of influencing the child is clearly expressed. This educator believes that his conversation with the child alone is more fruitful. An example of the indirect influence of the educator on the child can be his remarks with a look.

Liberal- the teacher leaves the leadership of the children's team. It is characterized by lack of initiative, insufficiently developed responsibility in the performance of its functions. In this regard, he lets things take their course and overestimates the capabilities of children.

Does not check the fulfillment of their requirements by children. But if the educator finds out that they have not fulfilled his requirements, then he no longer insists on fulfillment.

With a liberal type of upbringing, the teacher is completely at the mercy of the desires of the children, constantly trying to take them into account, which is also not always possible. In this regard, the behavior of such a teacher is often situational. He is inconsistent in his decisions and actions, not decisive enough in difficult situations.

However, in the presence of many shortcomings and gaps in the work, it takes into account the relationship in the group. The teacher also participates in the discussion of problems that arise in a group of children, but often avoids solving them. It is also worth noting that he is not afraid to admit his mistakes, as he does not attach much importance to this. His authority in the eyes of children and colleagues is rapidly declining.

The number of educational influences on the personality of the child, applied by him, is situational. It does not attach any importance to the variety of educational and organizing influences on the personality of the child, the number of disciplinary influences and evaluative statements addressed to children depends on the mood.

Also, the teacher does not pay attention to the need to use indirect remarks and censures.

He is inconsistent in his attitudes. Children most often do not appreciate the opinion of such a teacher.

It can be concluded that the most favorable effect on improving the mental health of preschool children is provided by the cooperative type of education used in the family and the democratic type of education in a preschool educational institution.

II. SUBJECTIVE, CAUSED BY INDIVIDUAL-PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS.

1. temperament type.

Stress resistance of children depends on the type of nervous system. The data of psychological studies allow us to conclude that individual properties of temperament are a significant risk factor that cannot be ignored.

1. The presence of a positive mood background.

A positive mood background depends on the mood of significant adults (parents and teachers).

How to create a child-friendly atmosphere in the family

Communicate more often with the child.

Children always want to know what their parents are interested in, how they behave outside the home, with whom they communicate, how they solve difficulties that have arisen. Let your child ask you about work, friends, hobbies. Answer frankly even to unusual questions and do not hesitate to talk about the most sensitive topics. These conversations will help build trust. During the conversation, you, in turn, can find out what worries the baby, what are his ideas about the world around him. Do not forget to ask the child about his health and well-being, especially if he refuses to go to school or kindergarten.

Pay attention to the child.

What matters to a child is not the amount of time spent with his mother or other family members, but the quality of communication. For example, one 10-minute conversation at the end of the day can mean more than a whole weekend that you spent together. It is important not only to be present in the nursery during games or to accompany the baby for a walk, but to make him feel needed by his parents. As often as possible, tell your child that you love him, show attention to his hobbies and interests.

Praise the child for all achievements.

To maintain the mental and physical health of the baby, be sure to praise him for any achievements: correctly done homework, beautiful drawing, washed dishes. Approval from adults instills self-confidence in the child and motivates him to achieve new successes. Do not hesitate to praise the baby in advance. For example, the phrase “You will succeed today!” help your child get through a difficult and eventful day.

Do not abuse punishment.

Regardless of the severity of the offense, punishment should not harm both physical and mental health. If you are not sure whether to scold a child, refrain from blaming. Punishment is permissible only for an action already committed and cannot be used as a “prevention”. It should not go to the detriment of relationships within the family: even if the baby is guilty, do not deprive him of your attention and care. After punishment, do not remind the child of the misconduct. If the baby constantly feels guilty, it will damage his mental health.

"Corner of solitude" in the group- this is a place where the child feels completely safe, here he can be alone with himself, calm down and relax, play with his favorite object or toy, look at an interesting book or just dream.

A corner of privacy in a kindergarten is necessary, because it provides the possibility of privacy for a child during a long stay among a large number of peers. This is an important point to prevent excessive excitement of the child, leading to fatigue of his nervous system. The effectiveness of the transformation of the group space and interaction with it is greatly enhanced if the children themselves take part in this process.

The purpose of using the "corner of privacy"- create conditions for rest, seclusion of children, relaxation and independent games during the day, necessary for expressing stressful situations experienced by children (morning separation from parents, getting used to a new routine moment, etc.).

In a corner of privacy, you can use:

- Soft sofa, comfortable chairs, translucent screen;

- Mobile "House-transformer"- makes it possible for the child to retire, if necessary, from the "noisy" environment of peers, to restore mental and emotional balance;

- Album with family photos of pupils- at any moment the child can open it and mentally be close to his loved ones, feel their love, giving a sense of confidence and security in the world around him;

- Mom's favorite thing- a child can find his mother's favorite among different things and mentally be next to her, snuggle up, calm down;

- island of joy- children lay out various flowers, a river, a house and much more on the fabric according to their taste and discretion. This entertaining exercise will help the child get rid of a bad mood;

- Didactic games "Collect the beads" and "Collect the bouquet" take on the function of appeasement. Creating beautiful things for mom will help the child to be in harmony with himself.

This area can also be used as "Mood Corner"

The purpose of creating the "Mood Corner"- to contribute to the enrichment of the emotional sphere, to give an idea of ​​the separation of positive and negative emotions, to teach to recognize their own emotions and feelings, helping them to adequately respond to the mood of a peer or an adult.

In this case, various didactic games are used to study emotional states:

- "Feelings and emotions";

- "How friends act";

- "Guess the emotion";

- "Find friends";

- "Events and emotions";

- "My feelings";

- Emotions in fairy tales.

Each game is selected depending on the situation. If the child feels uncomfortable, first you need to gently find out the cause of his condition, and then invite the child to play this or that game.

Depending on the condition of the children, the corner can be used as "Corner of Anger"

The purpose of creating the "Corner of Anger" - to give children the opportunity in an acceptable form to get rid of the anger, irritation and tension that overwhelms them.

In the corner of anger are used:

- "Rug of Anger"- a homemade rug on which children can trample;

- Box of anger and irritation "Hide everything bad"- a dark-colored box where children throw out all their "anger and resentment" (having previously clenched their fists and collected everything that has accumulated "bad" in them);

- Box "Try to tear"- children crumple or tear sheets of paper of various textures;

- "Pillow-beater";

- cups "For shouting";

- "Mood ball";

- "Magic bottles";

- plasticine, which children crumple and can fashion anything.

All this, with skillful use by teachers, will help children normalize their emotional sphere and be successful in a team.

All this material, attributes, games cannot be in a corner of solitude at the same time. It is necessary to periodically change the paraphernalia, supplementing it with the appropriate games, with all the necessary material.

A child can independently show a desire to be in a corner of solitude, as well as with the help of an adult. If the child feels uncomfortable, you can offer him to sit in silence. An irritated, aggressive child should be brought to a corner of solitude gradually, after removing the state of tension.

This is easy to do with the following exercises: "Name-calling vegetables" and "Hide everything bad."

Thus, a privacy corner helps a child and an adult to cope with a number of problems.

In conclusion, I would like to wish all children emotional well-being in the family and within the walls of the kindergarten, and colleagues - creative success in our common cause!

List of used literature:

1. Dubrovina IV Psychological health of children and adolescents. - M.: Academy, 2000.

Seminar

"Mental health of children in preschool"

Target: systematize knowledgeeducators about mental health, create conditions in the institution for the protection of the mental health of children.

Theoretical part

Let's remember what is health? (answer options)

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”

ABOUT physical health we have already talked a lot and are doing a lot to preserve it in our pupils, now let's talk about mental health.

What science studies it? (Psychology)

Psychology is the science of the soul. Means,mental health is mental health.It includes normal emotional, behavioral and social well-being.

There are two main signs by which one can judge a person's mental health.

The first sign is the positive (good) mood in which the person is.This mood is based on at least the following independent states:

a) complete peace of mind (for example, when a person is not particularly engaged in anything, but, as it were, rests with his soul and body);

b) self-confidence(this is typical for a person who has a clear and specific work goal);

c) inspiration (this state, as a rule, a person experiences in creative work).

The second sign is a high level of mental capabilities, thanks to which a person is able (without serious health consequences) to get out of various situations associated with the experience of anxiety, fear, failure and other similar conditions.

The level of mental abilities, On the one side, associated with hereditary factors - with the characteristics of the human nervous system. So, some people are very excitable by nature and therefore are highly prone to nervous breakdowns, while others, on the contrary, are a little worried and quickly get out of a negative mental state.

On the other side,mental abilities depend on the ability to manage one's states and behavior, despite various negative influences. The ability to control one's psyche is a leading indicator of mental health. Such a skill, as a rule, is developed in the process of special psychological preparation, special psycho-training.

The proverb saysthat a healthy mind lives in a healthy body..We see that physical and mental, as well as social health are interconnected.

The period of preschool childhood is important in the mental development of the child, at this time systems of mental functions are actively formed: speech, thinking, memory.

The goal of practical work with children is the mental health of the child, and personal development is a condition for achieving this health. Mental health disorders are associated both with somatic diseases or defects in physical development, and with adverse factors and stresses that affect the child's psyche and are associated with social conditions.

Signs of mental health: (Appendix #1)

The psychological aspect of mental health involves attention to:

To the inner world of the child: his confidence or insecurity in himself, in his abilities, his attitude towards people, the world around him;

Providing psychological comfort for the health of a developing personality.

A preschool child comes to kindergarten, and we continue his development using preschool education programs. The principles underlying the programs contribute to the strengthening and preservation of the physical, mental and social health of children.

Name these principles. (Appendix No. 2)

These principles form the basis of the Rainbow program. Why do you think the last principle is needed?

(Only a free and creative person can bring up a free and creative person.)

Practical part.

Using the program "Rainbow", please fill in the table:

Psychological features of preschool children.

(Appendix No. 3)

Let's focus on the older group now.

Using this table and your knowledge of the Rainbow program, answer questions about mental health theory. (Appendix No. 4)

Today we said that the ability to control one's psyche is the leading indicator of mental health. You have on the table number 1 cards with exercises that help influence your own mood: “Up the rainbow”, “Anchor” and cards number 2 with exercises that help relieve psycho-emotional stress, master self-regulation techniques: “Fly”,

"Lemon", "Ice cream", Balloon". Let's try these exercises. (Appendices No. 5)

Final part

Discussion of personal strategies for overcoming bad mood, psycho-emotional stress in children.

Continue saying:

In order to cope with my bad mood, I usually……..

To relieve psycho-emotional stress in children, I use ... ..

To create a positive background, I use...

Exercise "Fly" Goal: relieve emotional stress Sit comfortably: put your hands freely on your knees, shoulders and head lowered, eyes closed. Imagine that a fly is trying to land on your face. She sits on the nose, then on the mouth, then on the forehead, then on the eyes. Your task: without opening your eyes, drive away the annoying insect.	Exercise "Lemon" Purpose: to control the state of muscle tension and relaxation. Sit comfortably: put your hands freely on your knees, shoulders and head lowered, eyes closed. Mentally imagine that you have a lemon in your right hand. Start squeezing it slowly until you feel that you have “squeezed out” all the juice. Relax. Remember your feelings. Repeat with the left hand, then with both.
Exercise "Icicle" Stand up, close your eyes, put your hands up. Imagine that you are an icicle. Tighten the muscles of your body, remember the sensations. Freeze in this position for 1 to 2 minutes. Then imagine that under the influence of the sun's heat you begin to slowly melt. Relax gradually the hands, then the muscles of the shoulders, neck, body, legs, etc. This exercise can be done lying on the floor.	Exercise "Balloon" Stand up, close your eyes, raise your hands up, take a breath. Imagine that you are a big balloon filled with air. Stay in this position for 1-2 minutes, strain all the muscles of the body. Then imagine that a small hole has appeared in the ball. Slowly begin to release air while relaxing the muscles of the body: hands, then the muscles of the shoulders, neck, body, legs, etc.
Exercises "Up the Rainbow" Purpose: regulation of one's own emotional mood. Children are asked to stand up, close their eyes, take a deep breath and imagine that with this breath they are climbing up the rainbow, and exhaling, they are moving down from it like a slide. Repeats 3 times. How did you feel when you climbed the hill and when you went down? After that, the children share their impressions. Then the exercise is repeated with open eyes. Now do you feel anything?	Exercise "In the mirror store" Goal: creating a positive emotional background. There were many mirrors in the store. These mirrors will be you guys. A man entered the store, he had a monkey on his shoulder (a child is selected in advance). She saw herself in the mirrors and thought that these were other monkeys, she began to make faces. The monkeys answered her in the same way. She shook her fist, and she shook her fist, she stamped her foot, and all the monkeys stamped their foot. Whatever the monkey did, everyone else exactly repeated its movements.

Municipal state preschool educational institution

"Kabakovskiy Kindergarten"

Aleisky district of the Altai Territory

Seminar

"Mental health of children of preschool educational institution"

Kern I.G., head of preschool

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution "Kindergarten of the village of Sosnovka, Krasnoarmeysky district of the Saratov region"

"HEALTH OF CHILDREN IN DOE"

Prepared by Gritsai Natalya Vasilievna

2016

“I’m not afraid to repeat again and again:

health care is the most important

the work of an educator. from cheerfulness,

the vigor of children depends on their spiritual life,

outlook, mental development,

strength of knowledge, faith in one's own strength.

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Preschool age is reasonably considered the most important period in the process of forming a person's personality. At this age, various abilities develop more intensively, moral qualities are formed, character traits are developed. It is in this age period the foundation of health and the development of physical qualities is laid and strengthened, which are necessary for the effective participation of the child in various forms of physical activity, which, in turn, creates conditions for the active and directed formation and development of mental functions and intellectual abilities of a preschooler.

What is health? Let us turn to the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegova: "Correct, normal activity of the body." The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) states that health is not only the absence of disease or infirmity, but also complete physical, mental and social well-being. That is why the problem of health should be considered in a broad social aspect.

An analysis of the health status of preschool children shows that over the past decade the number of absolutely healthy children has decreased from 23 to 15% and the number of children with chronic diseases has increased from 16 to 17.3%. On average, in Russia, each preschooler has at least two diseases per year. Approximately 20-27% of children belong to the category of often and long-term ill. Almost 90% of preschool children have standard deviations in the structure of the musculoskeletal system - postural disorders, flat feet, unbalanced muscle tone, weakness of the abdominal muscles, non-optimal ratio of static and dynamic movements. Neurotic manifestations are observed in 20-30% of children of senior preschool age. According to forecasts, 85% of these children are potential patients with cardiovascular diseases. About 50% of children need psychocorrection and are characterized by serious psychological distress. The vast majority of children, starting from preschool age, suffer from a lack of movement and reduced immunity. Their muscle load decreases due to objective reasons: children practically do not have the opportunity to play outdoor games while walking, and some parents are overly keen on the intellectual development of their children ( computer games, attending various circles).

The above results clearly indicate the socio-pedagogical level of problems that arise before the employees of preschool institutions, designed to raise a healthy child with optimal physical and mental development, which corresponds to the social demand of society.

It is undeniable that the main task of the kindergarten is to prepare the child for an independent life, giving him the necessary skills and habits for this, cultivating certain habits. But can every professionally trained teacher, just an adult responsible person dispassionately relate to the unfavorable state of health of his pupils, his progressive deterioration? One of the answers to this question was the demand for health-saving educational technologies by teachers of an educational institution.

Health-saving technologies: concept, purpose and objectives

Before we start talking about health-saving technologies, let's define the concept of "technology". Technology is a tool for the professional activity of a teacher, respectively, characterized by a qualitative adjective - pedagogical. The essence of pedagogical technology lies in the fact that it has a pronounced phasing (step by step), includes a set of certain professional actions at each stage, allowing the teacher to foresee the intermediate and final results of his own professional and pedagogical activity even in the design process. Pedagogical technology distinguish: specificity and clarity of goals and objectives, the presence of stages: primary diagnosis; selection of content, forms, methods and techniques of its implementation; using a set of means in a certain logic with the organization of intermediate diagnostics to achieve the designated goal; final diagnosis of achieving the goal, criteria-based assessment of the results. (This definition is proposed by Derkunskaya V.A. - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences)

What is health-saving technologies?

Health-saving technologies in preschool education are technologies aimed at solving the priority task of modern preschool education - the task of preserving, maintaining and enriching the health of the subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten: children, teachers and parents.

The purpose of health-saving technologies in preschool education in relation to a child is to ensure a high level of real health for a kindergarten pupil and the upbringing of a valueological culture as a combination of a child’s conscious attitude to a person’s health and life, knowledge about health and the ability to protect, maintain and preserve it, valuelogical competence, which allows a preschooler to independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of elementary medical, psychological self-help and assistance. With regard to adults - promoting the formation of a health culture, including a culture of professional health for preschool educators and valeological education of parents.

In the preschool educational institution, a “health saving technology” can be developed, the tasks of which are:

1. Preservation and strengthening of children's health based on the integrated and systematic use of physical education tools available for kindergarten, optimization of outdoor motor activity.

2. Ensuring the active position of children in the process of obtaining knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.

3. Constructive partnership of the family, the teaching staff and the children themselves in strengthening their health, developing their creative potential.

Types of health-saving technologies used in preschool educational institutions

Types of health-saving technologies in preschool education - classification of health-saving technologies according to the dominance of goals and tasks to be solved, as well as the leading means of health saving and health enrichment of the subjects of the pedagogical process in kindergarten.

Health-saving activities in our kindergarten are carried out in the following forms:

Medical and preventive technologies

Medical and preventive activities ensure the preservation and enhancement of the health of children under the guidance of the medical staff of the preschool educational institution in accordance with medical requirements and standards using medical means.

The objectives of this activity:

Organization of monitoring of children's health and development of recommendations for optimizing children's health;

Organization and control of children's nutrition, physical development, hardening;

Organization preventive measures, contributing to the resistance of the child's body (for example, immunization, gargling with anti-inflammatory herbs, a sparing regimen during the adaptation period, etc.).

Organization of control and assistance in ensuring the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological standards - San PiNov

Organization of a health-saving environment in a preschool educational institution.

Monitoring of the state of health and physical development of children is carried out by medical workers of the kindergarten. All work on the physical education of children in the preschool educational institution is based on their physical fitness and existing deviations in the state of health. To do this, on the basis of individual medical records, the doctor preschool draws up a summary chart for each age group, which helps educators and medical workers to have a clear picture of the health status of the children of the entire group and each child individually. This analysis scheme and specific recommendations are entered in the group "Health Journal" - "Individual route of the child" - so that each teacher plans physical education and health work in accordance with the characteristics of children's health.

Physical culture and health technology

Physical culture and health-improving activities are aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child's health.

The objectives of this activity:

Development of physical qualities;

Control of physical activity and formation of physical culture of preschoolers,

Formation correct posture, prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system;

Cultivate the habit of daily physical activity;

Recovery by means of hardening. Physical culture and health-improving activities are carried out by a physical education instructor in physical education classes, as well as by teachers - in the form of various gymnastics, physical education minutes, dynamic pauses, etc.;

Technologies for ensuring the socio-psychological well-being of the child;

The task of this activity is to ensure emotional comfort and positive psychological well-being of the child in the process of communicating with peers and adults in kindergarten, family; ensuring the socio-emotional well-being of a preschooler, tk. emotional mood, mental well-being, cheerful mood of children is important for their health. In its activities, the “escort service” is guided by the Regulations on the Medical, Psychological and Pedagogical Service and aims to create an integrated system in a preschool institution that provides optimal conditions for the development of children, taking into account age and individual characteristics, the state of somatic and mental health. In this system, diagnostic, advisory, correctional-developing, treatment-and-prophylactic and social directions interact.

Technologies of health saving and health enrichment of teachers

The whole way of life of the child in kindergarten, the caring and attentive attitude of adults to him, the high sense of responsibility of the whole team for each pupil influence the improvement of the health of children, their favorable physical development. Therefore, much attention in our preschool educational institution is paid to the selection and placement of personnel into groups, taking into account their business qualities, experience and psychological compatibility. Bearing in mind that the results of physical development depend primarily on the professional training of teachers, their pedagogical knowledge, a system of comprehensive methodological work to improve skills has been thought out.

A teacher who guards the health of the child, educating the culture of the health of the child and parents, first of all, must be healthy himself, have valeological knowledge, not overworked, must be able to objectively assess his own merits and demerits associated with professional activity, draw up a plan for the necessary self-correction and proceed to its implementation.

Technologies of valeological education of parents .

The main educators of the child are the parents. From how the child’s day regimen is properly organized, what attention the parents pay to the child’s health, his mood, the state of physical comfort depend. A healthy lifestyle of a child, to which he is taught in an educational institution, can either find daily support at home, and then be fixed, or not found, and then the information received will be superfluous and painful for the child.

Information and educational activities are expressed in the formation of a healthy lifestyle in parents as a value, as well as in acquainting parents with various forms of work on physical education in a preschool institution, informing them about the state of health and physical development, about the level of motor fitness of their child; attracting parents to participate in various joint physical culture leisure activities and holidays.

In order to cooperate with parents on the formation of a healthy lifestyle in children, we have developed a system of activities, which include:

parent meeting,

consultations,

conferences,

contests,

sports holidays,

health holidays,

family club

slide folders,

conversations,

teacher's personal example

non-traditional forms of work with parents,

practical demonstrations (workshops)

Health-saving educational technologies.

This type of activity involves the education of a valeological culture, or a culture of health, for preschoolers. Its purpose is to form in children a conscious attitude of the child to health and life, the accumulation of knowledge about health and the development of skills to protect it.

Health-saving educational technologies are the most significant among all known technologies in terms of the degree of impact on children's health. Their main feature is the use of psychological and pedagogical techniques, methods, approaches to solving emerging problems.

Educational activity involves conducting classes and conversations with preschoolers about the need to observe the daily routine, the importance of hygiene and motor culture, health and means of strengthening it, the functioning of the body and the rules for caring for it, children acquire cultural skills and a healthy lifestyle, knowledge of the rules of safe behavior and reasonable actions in unforeseen situations.

Preparation for a healthy lifestyle of a child based on health-saving technologies should become a priority in the activities of each educational institution for preschool children.

Forms of recreational work in a preschool institution

In a pre-school institution, several forms of physical education of children are provided daily in all age groups, which contributes to the strengthening of health and allows for the necessary physical activity of children throughout the day.

Particular attention in the daily routine is given to holdinghardening procedures , promoting health and reducing disease. Tempering activities, as an important part of physical culture, contribute to the creation of mandatory conditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. The hardening system we use provides for a variety of forms and methods, as well as changes due to the seasons, age and individual characteristics of the health status of children.

When working with children, the basic principles of hardening must be observed:

Implementation of hardening provided that the child is healthy;

The inadmissibility of hardening procedures if the child has negative emotional reactions (fear, crying, anxiety);

Careful consideration of the individual characteristics of the child, his age, capabilities hypersensitivity to hardening activities;

The intensity of hardening procedures increases gradually and consistently, with the expansion of the zones of influence and the increase in the time of hardening;

The systematic and constancy of hardening (and not from case to case.

For the greatest efficiency of hardening, we provide:

A clear organization of the thermal and air conditions in the room (“thermal” hygiene);

Rational, non-overheating clothing for children;

Compliance with the regime of walks in all seasons;

Sleep with open transoms;

Hygiene procedures (washing and pouring hands up to the elbow with cool water, rinsing the mouth with boiled water room temperature);

Walking barefoot in a group and in the summer for a walk, barefoot doing morning exercises and physical education. The main meaning of walking barefoot is to harden the skin of the feet to the influence of low temperatures, which is carried out mainly by the action of low temperatures of the floor and earth. It is this action that is decisive, if not the only one, in hardening, since there is no convincing evidence in the scientific literature regarding the influence of other components.

The method of contrast air hardening, which is carried out at the end of daytime sleep alternately in cold and warm rooms. Air temperature in warm room it is maintained with the help of heaters, in the cold it decreases due to intensive ventilation, in summer up to drafts.

One of the most effective hardening procedures in Everyday life iswalk. In order for the walk to have an effect, we change the sequence of activities for children, depending on the nature of the previous lesson and weather conditions. So, in the cold season and after the lesson in which the children were sitting, the walk begins with a run, an outdoor game; in the warm season or after physical education and music classes - from observation, calm games.

A walk is one of the most important regime moments during which children can sufficiently realize their motor needs. The best form for this isoutdoor games and exercise on the street.

mobile game occupies a special place in the development of the preschool child. It helps to consolidate and improve motor skills and abilities, provides an opportunity to develop cognitive interest, forms the ability to navigate in the surrounding reality, which is so important for a child to gain life experience.

A variety of game activities develop dexterity, speed, coordination of movements and have a positive effect on the emotional state of children.

The need for movements in preschool children is great, but a fragile organism is extremely sensitive not only to a lack, but also to an excess of movements. That is why, when choosing outdoor games and game exercises, we try to observe the optimal mode of physical activity, regulate permissible load, changing the game situation, increasing or decreasing the number of repetitions.

In addition to outdoor games, in our kindergarten we widely use a variety ofexercises in the main types of movements:

Running and walking

jumping

Throwing, throwing and catching the ball

Obstacle Course Exercises

Physical exercises carried out in the fresh air contribute to the functional improvement of the child's body, increase its efficiency, development of protective forces in relation to adverse environmental factors. For every two weeks there are 3-4 complexes exercise on air:

For good weather (according to the season);

In case of wet weather;

For gusty winds.

Of course, in raising a healthy child in our preschool institution, special importance is attached to the development of movements and physical culture onphysical education classes . Moreover, in each age period, physical education classes have a different focus:

They give pleasure to small children, teach them to navigate in space, to use elementary insurance techniques;

In middle age, they develop physical qualities, first of all, endurance and strength;

In older groups, they form the need for movement, develop motor abilities and independence.

That is why our kindergarten uses variety of options conducting physical education classes:

Classes according to the traditional scheme;

Classes consisting of a set of outdoor games of high, medium and low intensity;

Classes-competitions, where children in the course of various relay races of two teams identify the winners;

Classes of the "Health" series, which can also be included in the schedule of classes as cognitive development. In the course of such classes, children are given ideas about the structure of their own body, the purpose of organs, about what is useful and harmful for human body as well as basic self-care and first aid skills. These classes are of great importance in educating the child's need for a healthy lifestyle.

Great health and educational value for our children isswimming , which is one of important species cyclic loads, which has a powerful health-improving general developmental effect. Swimming differs from all other sports exercises in its unlimited age range of application and has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems: it improves thermoregulation, gas exchange, sleep, and increases efficiency. Swimming is also effective tool prevention and even treatment of violations of posture and stoop. During swimming, the child's spine straightens, the muscles of the arms and legs perform rhythmic movements that affect the flexibility of the spine.

Conducting classes in the pool, we take into account the age and individual characteristics of children, ensure compliance with the rules of instructions for ensuring the safety of children on the water, systematic medical and pedagogical control over the implementation of the regime and the organization of swimming classes, planning and methods of conducting.

One of the most important components of strengthening and improving the child's body, as well as the organization of the child's motor regime, aimed at raising the emotional and muscle tone of children, ismorning exercises .

Daily exercise under the guidance of an adult contributes to the manifestation of certain volitional efforts, develops in children a useful habit to start the day with morning exercises. Morning gymnastics gradually involves the entire body of the child in an active state, strengthens breathing, increases blood circulation, promotes metabolism, causes a need for oxygen, and helps develop correct posture. To prevent the occurrence of flat feet, exercises are offered to strengthen the arch of the foot - lifting on toes, on heels.

The music that accompanies the movements creates a cheerful mood, has a positive effect on the nervous system of the child.

Morning exercises are carried out daily before breakfast, for 10–12 minutes outdoors or indoors (depending on weather conditions). During the entire morning gymnastics held indoors, the windows remain open, the children are engaged in physical education and barefoot.

The content of morning exercises is made up of exercises recommended by the program for this age group, previously learned in a physical education class and well known to children.

In between classes, especially in the older groups of the kindergarten,motor workout. Her goal is prevent the development of fatigue in children, relieve emotional stress in the process of training with mental stress, which contributes to a faster perception of program material. Motor warm-up allows you to actively relax after mental stress and forced static posture, helps to increase the motor activity of children. The game exercises used in the warm-up are well known to children, simple in content, with a small number of rules, not long in time (no more than 10-12 minutes), accessible to children with different levels motor activity.

In order to prevent fatigue in classes associated with prolonged sitting in a monotonous position, requiring focused attention and maintaining the mental performance of children at a good level,physical education minutes .

Physical education minutes increase the general tone, motor skills, contribute to the training of the mobility of nervous processes, develop attention and memory, create a positive emotional mood and relieve psycho-emotional stress.

Physical education sessions are held by the educator as necessary during classes for the development of speech, the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, etc. The duration is 3-5 minutes.

Physical education sessions are held in numerous forms: in the form of exercises of a general developmental impact (movements of the head, arms, torso, legs), outdoor games, didactic game with different movements, dance moves and game exercises. A physical minute may be accompanied by a text related or not related to the content of the lesson.

Along with various recreational activities in a preschool institution,gymnastics after a daytime sleep, which helps to improve the mood of children, raise muscle tone, and also helps prevent postural and foot disorders. Gymnastics is carried out with open windows for 7-15 minutes. Throughout the year, various variations of gymnastics are used.

Warm up in bed . Children gradually wake up to the sounds of pleasant music and, lying in bed on their backs over a blanket, perform 5-6 exercises of a general developmental impact. Exercises are performed from different positions: lying on your side, on your stomach, sitting. After completing the exercises, the children get up and perform several movements at a different pace (walking in place, walking on massage mats, gradually turning into a run). Then everyone moves from the bedroom to a well-ventilated group room and performs arbitrary dance, musical-rhythmic or other movements to the music.

Gymnastics of a game character . Consists of 3-6 simulation exercises. Children imitate the movements of birds, animals, plants, create various images (“skier”, “skater”, “parsley”, “flower”).

Jogging along the massage paths . Combine with contrasting air baths and are held 2 times a week for 5-7 minutes. The massage track consists of aids and items that promote foot massage. Children work out barefoot, walk at a fast pace along the path and smoothly switch to running (1-1.5 min.) And again switch to calm walking with breathing exercises. This contributes to the development of endurance, coordination of movements, the formation of the foot and the strengthening of the body of children.

Breathing exercises . The health of a person, his physical and mental activity largely depends on proper breathing. Respiratory exercises increase ventilation, lymph and blood circulation in the lungs, reduce spasm of the bronchi and bronchioles, improve their patency, promote sputum production, train the ability to voluntarily control breathing, form the correct biomechanics of breathing, and prevent diseases and complications of the respiratory system.

In preschool children, the respiratory muscles are still weak, so a special system of exercises is needed in natural rhythmic breathing, as well as in the correct use of inhalation and exhalation with simple and more complex movements, and the rhythm of breathing and movement form one rhythmic whole. Gymnastic exercises that form proper breathing include exercises for setting up proper breathing through the nose, developing the muscles of the chest to increase its elasticity, and actively stretching the spine. All exercises are carried out in their own respiratory rhythm, slowly, following the inhalation and exhalation and a compensatory pause after exhalation.

The method of using breathing exercises:

Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth into closed lips, combine breathing exercises with general developmental exercises, form a mixed type of breathing.

Acupressure - an elementary method of self-help to your body. Acupressure exercises teach children to consciously take care of their health, instill in them the confidence that they themselves can help themselves improve their well-being. Along with the acupressure is the prevention of colds.

During the finger massage, irritation of the receptors of the skin, muscles, tendons, fingers occurs, the impulses from which pass simultaneously to the brain and spinal cord, and from there the command is already received to engage in the work of various organs and structures. Massage increases the protective properties of the membranes of the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and other organs. Under the influence of massage, the body begins to produce its own drugs (for example, interferon), which are often much more effective and safer than pills.

Our kindergarten operatesphytobar where pupils receiveoxygen cocktail . An oxygen cocktail is a juice, herbal solution or any other drink saturated with oxygen to the state of a gentle airy foam. An oxygen cocktail is very useful product. It helps to concentrate and improves memory, improves eyesight. It is a natural way to get rid of headaches, increases stamina, is a non-pharmacological way to reduce weight, calms and stabilizes the nervous system, serves as a guarantee of a good mood.

It is used to eliminate hypoxia, increase efficiency, eliminate chronic fatigue, normalize sleep, and increase immunity.

To increase the body's resistance to colds in our garden, children are recommended to irrigate the throat with decoctions of calendula, eucalyptus, sage, chamomile, St. John's wort, plantain, coltsfoot, oak bark. Children throughout the year receive vitamin teas, herbal infusions of chamomile, nettle, St. John's wort, mint, plantain. Children constantly rinse their mouths with decoctions of sage, eucalyptus, and calendula herbs. With great pleasure, our pupils participate in the tasting of herbal teas:

Soothing tea (mint, motherwort);

Anti-inflammatory tea (St. John's wort, chamomile, plantain);

Vitamin tea (currant, nettle, rosehip);

Metabolism-regulating tea (rosehip, strawberry).

It has been proven that various aromas in a certain way affect the development of the child, his health and mood (B.V. Shevrygin). Even a baby is able to distinguish smells. Different smells affect children in different ways: pleasant aromas can act as good medicines, can cause appetite, normalize the activity of the nervous system, improve vision at dusk and color perception; and, conversely, unpleasant odors can depress and irritate the child.

Our preschool usesaromatherapy. The practical application of aromatherapy and aromaprophylaxis pursues the following goals:

Prevention and reduction of the incidence of acute respiratory and viral infections;

Correction of the psychophysiological state, increased mental and physical performance, improved coordination of movements and functions of analyzers, expanded short-term memory, increased resistance to stress, improved sleep;

Prevention of vegetative-vascular dystonia, functional disorders of the cardiovascular system;

Stimulation of the general immunological reactivity of the body in order to increase resistance to infectious diseases, expanding adaptive capabilities;

Expansion of the complex of rehabilitation measures in patients with chronic and nonspecific lung diseases.

The use of aromatherapy in kindergarten takes place according to the "Individual route of the child" in order to avoid various allergic diseases, taking into account the principle "Unsure - do not prescribe."

Improving work in our garden is also intensively carried out in the summer and is a set of measures aimed at restoring the functional state of the child's body.

The central place in this complex is occupied by the regime of the day, which provides for the maximum stay of children in the open air, the duration of sleep and other types of recreation appropriate for their age. All activities related to physical activity (outdoor games, work, physical education) are carried out during the hours of the least insolation.

When carrying out summer recreational work in kindergarten, our team adheres to the following principles:

integrated use of preventive, hardening and health-improving technologies;

continuous implementation of preventive, hardening and recreational activities;

predominant use of non-drug means of recovery;

use of simple and accessible technologies;

formation of positive motivation in children to carry out preventive, hardening and recreational activities;

integration of the hardening prevention program into the family;

increasing the efficiency of the system of preventive, hardening and recreational activities through compliance with the preschool educational institution sanitary norms and rules, the optimal motor regime and physical activity, the sanitary condition of the institution, catering, air-thermal regime and the use of various forms of recreational work.

preschool and family

Family and kindergarten is the microclimate in which a preschool child lives. This is the environment in which he draws the necessary information and adapts to life in society. At any time, teachers worked with the family of their pupil, seeking support and understanding of the child's problems for the comprehensive development of a harmoniously developed and healthy personality. However, parents, not having sufficient knowledge of the age and individual characteristics of the child's development, sometimes carry out education blindly, intuitively. All this, as a rule, does not bring positive results. Family and kindergarten are two public institutions that stand at the origins of our future, but often they do not always have enough mutual understanding, tact, patience to hear and understand each other. To form a position of cooperation between teachers and children and their parents, it is necessary to create a single space for the development of the child, which should be supported by both the kindergarten and the family.

In order to build effective communication between teachers and parents, it is important to have communication skills, navigate the problems of upbringing and the needs of the family, and be aware of the latest scientific achievements.Communication will be successful if it is meaningful, based on common and significant topics for both parties, if each of them enriches its information baggage in the process of communication. An important condition .....is the creation of models "educator - parent", educator - psychologist - parent". A special form of communication in these models is trust-business contact.

At the stage of initial acquaintance, parents get acquainted with the principles of work of the preschool educational institution and the family: openness, cooperation, creation of an active developing environment, the principle of an individual approach to each family.

Knowing how important the atmosphere of friendly relations between the teacher and parents is, we hold the first parent meeting “Let's Get Acquainted” in an unconventional form. It should be prepared very carefully, because their further cooperation depends on the initial perception of the teacher and the family.In the process of organizing a single health-saving space for preschool educational institutions and families, we use a variety of forms of work: open classes with children for parents; pedagogical conversations with parents - general and group parent meetings; consultations; classes with the participation of parents; exhibitions of children's works made together with their parents; Open days; participation of parents in the preparation and holding of holidays, leisure activities; joint creation of a subject-developing environment; work with the parent committee of the group; trainings;parent living rooms; Confidence mail, questioning. Colorful visual stands in the reception rooms introduce parents to the life of the group, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the age characteristics of children. In the corners of specialists, information of a practical orientation is placed, Interesting Facts, recommendations are given by a speech therapist teacher, psychologist teacher, head of the art studio, sports and music workers.

As a result, the level of educational educational activities parents, which contributed to the development of their creative initiative. The organization of interaction with the family is a difficult job, which does not have ready-made technologies and recipes. Its success is determined by the intuition, initiative and patience of the teacher, his ability to become a professional assistant in the family.As a result of the work done, the use of various forms and methods of communication with parents, the psychological and pedagogical literacy of parents has increased; the culture of interpersonal interaction of children in the group has increased. Thus, working closely with parents has brought encouraging results.The conditions of life, the moral and emotional atmosphere in which a child lives, is entirely dependent on adults, and they, undoubtedly, are responsible for the happiness and health of children.

Cooperation between kindergarten and family: caring for the health of a preschooler

The socio-economic transformations that took place in our country at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century led to a change in the usual way of life and moral and value orientations and could not but affect the upbringing of children in the family.

Children's health depends not only on physical characteristics, but also on the level of health development, health literacy and environmental situation in the country. The health of the child should be evaluated in unity with environment and adaptive capacity of the organism. Therefore, work on the full physical development and strengthening of the health of children, no doubt, should be carried out by the family and the preschool institution.

The first school of education is the family. Parents are the first teachers of their child. In the conditions of the family, emotional and moral experience is formed, the level of content of the emotional and social development child It has been proven that the state of health of parents is one of the leading factors that have a direct impact on the health of the child. This impact is not only purely biological (hereditary), but also manifests itself indirectly through a system of conditions that characterize the way of life of the mother and father, their attitude towards health, and the degree of medical activity.

The preventive activity of people, determined by the awareness of health as a value and the presence of targeted actions to maintain and strengthen it, is currently becoming an important factor affecting the health of the population, especially children. The need to find a job, overload at work, reduced free time for parents lead to a deterioration in their physical and mental condition, increased irritability, fatigue, and stress. Parents habitually throw out their emotions on their children, while both external problems and domestic troubles are blamed on them. The child finds himself in a situation of complete dependence on the mood, emotions and reactions of his parents, which affects his mental health.

Therefore, it is so important to help parents understand that many factors influence the development of a child's personality, and education should not go spontaneously.

To date, the problem of interaction between the preschool educational institution and the family on children's health is one of the most urgent. The family needs support and guidance.

Numerous studies have established bad influence on the health of a child of early artificial feeding, irrational daily routine, irregular and insufficient exposure to fresh air, low physical activity and bad habits of parents. Elementary adherence to the principles of a healthy lifestyle can neutralize all these negative effects, and, therefore, measures aimed at increasing the medical activity of parents are a task of paramount importance.

The greatest effect of health-improving measures is noted in cases where parents not only strictly follow the doctor's recommendations, but also become supporters of a healthy lifestyle. Only the active position of family members, their cooperation with the preschool institution can achieve the desired results.

Target the work of the kindergarten in this direction is to assist the family in creating conditions for raising children of preschool age, protecting and strengthening their health. It implies the followingtasks:

increase the resistance and protective properties of the child's body through the provision of a healthy lifestyle, optimal motor mode, psychological safety of the individual, the introduction of health-saving technologies;

create optimal conditions to ensure the protection and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children;

carry out the necessary correction of deviations in the development of the child;

to expand cooperation with the family in the formation of the spiritual and moral image of the younger generation, the study and activation of the pedagogical potential of the family;

carry out prevention of antisocial behavior by means of physical culture and sports.

For successful work with parents, we annually conduct a study of the families of pupils, using such methods as questionnaires, conversations with parents and children, observation of children, testing, home visits, etc.

For the conscious participation of parents and teachers of preschool educational institutions in the improvement of the child, special knowledge is needed. The causes of frequent diseases in children, disease prevention, caring for a sick child, first aid and prevention of complications - we consider all these issues at parent meetings, round tables. Medical workers of the kindergarten and children's polyclinic (pediatricians, narrow specialists) are invited to such events. In addition, parents get acquainted with the results of diagnosing the state of children's health, their psychomotor development, the content of physical culture and health work in kindergarten, share their positive experience in family education, talk about family traditions that help improve family health. The concept of "family traditions" includes the concept of "way of life". Many diseases and problems are rooted in it. For example, an acute problem of our time is alcoholism and drug addiction.

Along with collective forms of organization, we widely use individual and subgroup conversations, oral journals. Parents are trained in health-improving work in a family setting by specialists from the preschool educational institution: a head nurse, a nurse in a physiotherapy room, a physical education instructor, and a teacher-psychologist. are given practical advice recommended medical and pedagogical literature.

One of the effective methods in this direction is the use of visual agitation. Each group has a health corner, where information for parents about the treatment and preventive measures carried out in a preschool institution will get in the way. There are so-called "health piggy banks" in which material is collected on non-traditional methods of healing, material that promotes a healthy lifestyle. This information is collected not only by doctors and teachers, but also by the parents themselves.

Disease prevention methods are also documented as sanitary bulletins. The medical staff of the kindergarten made up a whole file of them.

Consultations, lectures, seminars are held, practical classes are organized. The topics are very diverse: “If a child is afraid of the dentist”, “Alcohol and offspring”, “Prophylactic vaccinations - protection against infectious diseases”, “Health seriously”, “Prevention of childhood injuries”, “We form the need for a healthy lifestyle”, etc.

Open days are regularly organized for parents. In our opinion, this is an effective form of involving family members in the pedagogical process. During the day, fathers, mothers, grandparents have the opportunity to attend morning exercises, physical education classes, walks, tempering procedures and other regime moments. Visitors leave their impressions in the book of reviews and suggestions. Then we analyze all the activities, draw conclusions, sum up. As a rule, parents are very happy. But sometimes they have questions, every statement is important to us. After all, if they didn’t understand something, didn’t perceive it in the right way, it is necessary to take note of this and explain it.

Parents are invited to health days and weeks, which have become traditional in our kindergarten. Moms and dads not only watch, but also become active participants in entertainment, various games, sports holidays: “Together with mom we will overcome all obstacles”, “Dads can do everything in the world”, “Dad, mom, I am a sports family”, “ Interplanetary Olympic Family Games”, “Friendly Family”.

Educators, together with their parents, draw up wall newspapers and exhibitions of drawings on the topics: “The sun, air and water are our best friends”, “A healthy mind in a healthy body”, “In the country of health”, “Active rest for our family”, etc. Parents take part in the essay contest “Our family is for a healthy lifestyle”, in which they talk about how they relax , celebrate holidays, weekends, what games they play with children, what sports events they attend, what parent-child relationships are present in the family. Then we make exhibitions of these compositions, because each family shows creativity in the design of their works, they attach codes of family health to them. In addition, kindergarten employees arrange thematic exhibitions: “How to raise a healthy child”, “So that there is no “Tempering from an early age”, etc. Moms and dads are happy to get acquainted with the exhibits of the exhibition, share their impressions. Of course, not all families are active, but many are able to borrow, some parents are reconsidering their views on the nutrition of children.

The results of the diagnostics show that educational, educational and health-improving work organized in this way has a positive effect on the development of children.

We believe that the criteria for interaction between kindergartens on health issues are: a value attitude towards a friend, tolerance, awareness of the parties about the features of the development of health improvement systems in kindergarten and family, inclusion in joint activities with predictable results.

The staff of our institution is mobilized to implement activities that help achieve certain goals in reducing the incidence. Extensive preventive work with children, parents, employees, of course, has certain positive results.

Outlook:

search and implementation of new models of interaction with the families of pupils on the formation of a healthy lifestyle;

active involvement of parents in the pedagogical activities of the kindergarten in order to strengthen the sense of their personal responsibility for the development of the child, his health;

strengthening and development of close communication and interaction with various social institutions for the introduction of cultural and recreational technologies;

development of the material and technical base of preschool educational institutions.

The transition to a new quality of interaction with the family is possible if the efforts of each participant in the educational process are aimed at preserving and strengthening the physical, mental, social health of children, and at achieving the goals set.

Thus:

One of the aspects of strengthening the health of participants in the pedagogical process of preschool educational institutions is the creation of a health-saving environment. The development of the conceptual directions of a health-saving environment is based on the following tasks:

formation of children's health on the basis of complex and systematic use of physical education means available for a particular preschool institution, optimization of motor activity in the fresh air;

use in educational activities of the preschool educational institution spiritual, moral and cultural potential of the city, microdistrict, immediate environment, raising children on the traditions of Russian culture;

constructive partnership of the family, the teaching staff and the children themselves in strengthening their health, developing their creative potential;

ensuring the active position of children in the process of obtaining knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.

The means to solve these problems can be:

direct training of children in elementary methods of a healthy lifestyle (health, finger, corrective, breathing exercises, self-massage) and the simplest first aid skills for cuts, abrasions, burns, bites; as well as instilling elementary cultural and hygienic skills in children;

rehabilitation measures (herbal medicine, vitamin therapy, aromatherapy, inhalation, functional music, physiotherapy exercises, massage, psycho-gymnastics, trainings);

specially organized physical activity of the child (physical education minutes, recreational physical education, outdoor games, sports and recreational holidays, thematic health holidays, going out into nature, excursions).

Preparation for a healthy lifestyle of a child based on health-saving technologies should become a priority in the activities of each educational institution for preschool children.