What Mtsyri learned during his wanderings. Essay on the topic: What Mtsyri saw and learned during three days of free life in the poem by Mtsyri, Lermontov. Why Lermontov chose the form of confession

1. Mtsyri’s life in the monastery. The character and dreams of a young novice; 2. What Mtsyri saw and learned during his wanderings. 3. Mtsyri’s personality traits, revealed in three blissful days. 4. Why didn’t Mtsyri reach his homeland? 5. What do you think M.Yu. contributed personally? Lermontov in his poem?

What does Mtsyri say about the place where he grew up? (quotes from the text) “I grew up in gloomy walls”; “The prison left its mark on me...”; Mtsyri flees from “a foreign land,” “from stuffy cells.” What should Mtsyri strive for? (quotes from the text) “I had one goal in my soul - to go to my native country”; Mtsyri flees “to that wonderful world of worries and battles, where people are free as eagles.”

1. Introduction. "Mtsyri" is a romantic poem. 2. Main part. Mtsyri lives in a “foreign land” and longs to return to his homeland; the hero feels locked in prison, but dreams of freedom; he is lonely, but strives for people with whom he would like to overcome dangers. 3. Conclusion. Mtsyri is doomed to loneliness among strangers. The hero's fate is tragic. Mtsyri explains the tragedy of his path by the senselessness of arguing with fate (But I argued in vain with fate, She laughed at me), and by the fact that, being brought up in a monastery, he became a stranger to his beautiful, native world (The prison left its mark on me...)

Romanticism (French romantisme) is a phenomenon of European culture in the 18th century. It is characterized by an affirmation of the intrinsic value of the spiritual and creative life of the individual, the depiction of strong (often rebellious) passions and characters, spiritualized and healing nature.Fr.XVIIIXX

Fiery passion, dark walls, blissful days, a flaming chest, in cold eternal silence, a stormy heart, a mighty spirit, terribly pale, living friendship between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm threatening the abyss, an angry shaft, a desperate hand, a mad leap, a terrible death, mortal battle, and I was terrible, a terrible cry, a terrible dream, a wild will, a powerless and empty heat, a merciless day, the light noise of footsteps; voice, sweetly free; sweet melancholy, a flower raised in prison - convey the spiritual mood, depth of feelings, their strength and passion, inner impulse

Snows burning like diamonds; a scattered village in the shadows, sleepy flowers, magical, strange voices; two saklas as a friendly couple, “greedy embraces” of clouds, a silent world; light, mad horses; wonderful battles, life-giving rays, fresh islands, whispering bushes, the gaze of a fish “sadly tender and deep”, its silvery voice, wonderful dreams, a free stream, the air is so fragrant, a leaf playing in the sun - convey the hero’s poetic perception of the world.

“The summer heat covered her golden face and chest with a shadow, and the heat breathed from her lips and cheeks. And the darkness of the eyes was so deep...” “It seemed as if two saklas had grown to the rock as a friendly couple.” “And sparks flashed from two fires... It was the eternal guest of the desert...”, “My heart suddenly lit up with a thirst for fight and blood... yes, the hand of fate led me in a different path...” “The battle began to boil.” “But the damp cover of the earth will refresh them and death will heal forever.” “Fate... was laughing at me!” “The day woke up, and the round dance of parting luminaries disappeared in its rays. The misty forest has spoken."

“A vague rumble ran through the valley with the wind...”, “I caressed a secret plan...”. “...to take to the grave the longing for the holy homeland, the reproach of deceived hopes...” “It seemed that the ringing was coming from the heart.” “...the fire of a merciless day burned me,” “its withered leaf curled like a crown of thorns over my brow, and the earth itself breathed fire into my face. Sparks swirled quickly in the heights... The world of God slept in a numb, dull despair, a heavy sleep.” “...mine is on fire...(hand) Know, this flame has lived in my chest since my youth; But now there is no food for him, And he has burned through his prison..."

“Where, merging, the streams of Aragva and Kura make noise, hugging like two sisters.” “The stream, intensified by the thunderstorm, roared, and its noise was like a dull angry voice of a hundred voices. Although without words I could understand that conversation, the silent murmur, the eternal argument with the stubborn pile of stones. Then it suddenly died down, then it rang out louder in the silence...” “The iridescent attire of the plants bore traces of heavenly tears, and the curls of the vines curled, flaunting the transparent greenery of leaves among the trees; and the grapes full of them, like expensive earrings, hung magnificently... And again he began to listen attentively to the magical, strange voices; they whispered through the bushes, as if they were talking about the secrets of heaven and earth; and all nature’s voices merged here...”

“The moon was already shining above, and only one cloud was creeping after her, as if after her prey, opening her greedy arms.” “And the darkness watched the night with a million black eyes through the branches of every bush.” With the help of expanded personifications, an understanding of nature is conveyed, Mtsyri’s complete merging with it. In the nature of the Caucasus, the romantic poet finds the greatness and beauty that human society lacks.

“Like a chamois of the mountains, timid and wild and weak and flexible, like a reed,” “he was terribly pale and thin and weak, as if he had experienced long labor, illness or hunger.” “I saw mountain ranges, whimsical as dreams, when at the hour of dawn they smoked like altars, their heights in the blue sky, and cloud after cloud, leaving their secret lodging for the night, ran towards the east - as if a white caravan of migratory birds from distant countries!”, “in the snow, burning like a diamond,” “like a pattern, on it are the teeth of distant mountains.” “trees growing all around, rustling in a motley crowd, like brothers in a circle dance” “a prolonged howl, plaintive, like a groan”, “he groaned like a man.”

“Intertwined like a pair of snakes” “I myself, like an animal, was alien to people and crawled and hid like a snake”, “I was a stranger to them forever, like a steppe animal” - the jackal “screamed and cried like a child”, “he groaned like a man." “Like a deserted leopard, angry and wild, I flamed, squealed like him, As if I myself had been born In a family of leopards and wolves...” “That terrible cry was born in my chest, As if from childhood my tongue had been to a different sound I’m not used to it!” “He met death face to face, As a fighter should in battle!”

These comparisons express the power of passion, energy, and the mighty spirit of Mtsyri. The fight with the leopard turns into consciousness high value struggle, courage. With the help of comparisons, it is shown as a battle of wild natural forces. And in nature, fair laws are naturally established.

For Christians: confession of one’s sins to a priest who absolves sins on behalf of the church and God, church repentance. A frank admission of something, a story about your innermost thoughts and views. ( Dictionary Russian language S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova).

On this topic:

The poem "Mtsyri" as a romantic work. The originality of the poem. The image of the main character.

Lesson objectives:

1) characterize Mtsyri, penetrate into the author’s plan, identify ways to reveal the image of the main character

2) draw conclusions about the features of the poem “Mtsyri” as a romantic work

DURING THE CLASSES

IStudent survey.

·How did Mtsyri live in the monastery?

·The character and dreams of a young novice.

Teacher's comment.

Lermontov does not give detailed description monastic life of Mtsyri. Monastic life meant, first of all, withdrawal from people, from the world, complete renunciation of one’s own personality, “service to God,” expressed in monotonously alternating fasts and prayers. The main condition of life in a monastery is obedience. Anyone who has taken the monastic vow finds himself forever cut off from human society; the monk's return to life was prohibited.

For the hero, the monastery is a symbol of bondage, a prison with gloomy walls, “stuffy cells.” To remain in the monastery meant for him to forever renounce his homeland and freedom, to be doomed to eternal slavery and loneliness (“to be a slave and an orphan”). The author does not reveal the character of the boy who ended up in the monastery: he only depicts his physical weakness and timidity, then gives a few touches of his behavior, and the personality of the captive highlander emerges clearly. He is hardy (“He languished without complaint - not even a faint moan escaped from his children’s lips”), proud, distrustful, because he sees his enemies in the monks around him; from a very early age he is familiar with the unchildish feelings of loneliness and melancholy. There is also a direct author’s assessment of the boy’s behavior, which enhances the impression - Lermontov speaks of his powerful spirit, inherited from his fathers.

·What is the purpose of the escape? What does it mean for Mtsyri to be free? Find the answers in the text.

A) I had a plan a long time ago B) I lived little, and lived in captivity,

Look at the distant fields, Such are two lives in one,

To find out if the earth is beautiful, but only full of worries,

Find out, for freedom or prison, I would trade it if I could.

We were born into this world.

B) My flaming chest D) ...I have one goal

Hold another one to your chest with longing, Go to your native country
Although not familiar, but dear. Had it in my soul.

We conclude:

Mtsyri’s idea of ​​freedom is connected with the dream of returning to his homeland. To be free means for him to escape from monastic captivity and return to his native village, to escape from a “stranger’s family.” While living in the monastery, the young man did not stop seeing “living dreams”:

About dear loved ones and relatives,

About the wild will of the steppes,

About light, mad horses,

About alien battles between the rocks...

The image of an unknown but desired “wonderful world of anxiety and battle” constantly lived in his soul.

IIWork on the image of Mtsyri.

1 The teacher's word.

The poem is romantic. His hero is not like the people around him, he denies them life values, strives for something different. Prove this idea with lines from Mtsyri’s confession.

I knew only the power of thoughts,

One, but fiery passion:

She lived inside me like a worm,

She tore her soul and burned it.

She called my dreams

From stuffy cells and prayers

In that wonderful world of anxiety of battles.

The main passion of the hero is the desire to live fully, in a world of struggle and freedom, outside the walls of the monastery, in his distant beloved homeland.

2 Working with text.

What did Mtsyri see and learn about life during his wanderings?

The answer is in chapter 6, half 9, 10, 11.

We conclude:

Mtsyri's personality and character are reflected in what pictures attract him and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness and diversity of nature, contrasting with the monotonous monastery setting. And in the close attention with which the hero looks at the world, one can feel his love for life, for everything beautiful in it, sympathy for all living things.

In romantic fiction, an exceptional hero acts in exceptional circumstances. Re-read the passage from chapter 6. Prove that the poet painted a romantic landscape.

(From the words “I saw piles of dark rocks” to the words “In the snow, burning like diamond, the gray, unshakable Caucasus.”)

This landscape, of course, can be called romantic, because every detail of it is unusual, exotic - “mountain ranges, as bizarre as dreams,” smoke at dawn; along the banks of a mountain stream there are “piles of dark rocks”, snowy mountain peaks are hidden in the clouds.

At the beginning of the lesson we talked about Mtsyri, a prisoner who lived in a monastery. Even then he was a strong, proud young man, obsessed with a “fiery passion” - love for his homeland and freedom. But it is important to note that then, in the monastery, he himself did not know much about himself, because only real life tests a person and shows what he is.

What did Mtsyri learn about himself when he found himself free?

In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. If in the monastery the hero only languished with the desire for freedom, then in freedom he learned the “bliss of freedom” and became stronger in his thirst for earthly happiness. After being free for three days, Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless. Fearlessness, contempt for death and passionate love of life, thirst for fight and readiness for it are revealed in the battle with the leopard. Mtsyri’s “fiery passion” - love for his homeland - makes him purposeful and firm. He refuses possible happiness and love, overcomes the suffering of hunger, and in a desperate impulse tries through the forest for the purpose of “getting to his native country.” The death of this dream gives rise to despair in him, but in a desperate impulse Mtsyri appears not weak and defenseless, but a proud and brave man who rejected pity and compassion. Mtsyri is hardy. Tormented by the leopard, he forgets about his wounds and, gathering the rest of his strength, again tries to leave the forest.

Which artistic media does the poet use when drawing his hero? Give examples.

Hyperboles : Oh, I'm like a brother,

I would be glad to embrace the storm!

I watched with the eyes of a cloud,

I caught lightning with my hand...

Metaphors : I am this passion in the darkness of the night

Nourished with tears and melancholy,

I gnawed at the damp breast of the earth...

Comparisons: I myself, like an animal, was alien to people,

Crawled and hid like a snake.

Detailed comparisons of Mtsyri with a horse and a greenhouse flower.

Epithets: But free youth is strong

And death seemed not scary.

IIIFeatures of Mtsyri as a romantic poem.

Where does the poem take place?

In the Caucasus, among the free and powerful Caucasian nature, kindred to the hero’s soul. But the hero languishes in the monastery.

Landscape paintings, mentions of wind, storm, birds, and animals are very important in the poem. What is the role of nature paintings in works?

They are related to the hero, and the call of freedom turns out to be irresistible, like the call of nature - a fish sings a love song to him, “like a brother” he is ready to embrace the storm, “like a beast” he is alien to people. And, on the contrary, nature is alien and hostile to the monks of the monastery: Mtsyri runs away “... at the hour of the night, a terrible hour, when the thunderstorm frightened you, when, crowded at the altar, you lay prostrate on the ground.”

The plot of the poem seems to be the usual romanticism - the hero, a seeker of freedom, escapes from the world of bondage. We will encounter such a situation in “Prisoner of the Caucasus” and “Gypsies”. But there is a twist in Lermontov’s poem that radically changes the traditional situation. The prisoner and Aleko break ties with their usual surroundings and go into a foreign, exotic world of freedom (to the Caucasus, to the gypsies), while Mtsyri flees from the foreign world forcibly imposed on him into the native, natural world.

Why do you think the poet changes the traditional situation?

Lermontov embodied in Mtsyri the passionate dream of a hero, a proud, free and strong man opposing his “shamefully indifferent” contemporaries, for whom “freedom” and “homeland” mean the same thing. A person must choose his own path - this is the poet’s credo.

Why did Lermontov choose the form of confession?

It helps the poet psychologically plausibly reveal Mtsyri’s inner world in a system of images and experiences. To understand Mtsyri’s character, you need to experience everything with him: monastic captivity, the joy of freedom, the rapture of fighting a leopard, the despair of not getting to his native country; hopelessness when he returns to his prison. Mtsyri's confession occupies almost the entire text space of the poem (it is only interrupted by a brief author's note) and is addressed to a specific character - an old monk, whom Mtsyri first calls in an aloof and hostile manner "old man", then in a Christian way - "father". The author's point of view on what is happening is not presented; it disappears after a brief exposition. The old monk does not utter a word in response to Mtsyri’s confession. Thus, the reader sees everything that happens to the hero only through his eyes, which contributes to the subjectivity characteristic of a romantic narrative. Confession is an important plot-forming element.

Conclusions:

1. Lermontov’s romanticism was not a departure from the modernity surrounding him, but, on the contrary, meant a thirst for its change and was an expression of the advanced ideals of the time.

2. The pathos of the romantic poem “Mtsyri” was the affirmation of the need for freedom for humans and the denial of slavery and humility.

3. At the center of the poem “Mtsyri” is not a complete individualist, but strong man yearning for happiness and life.

4. The poet praises not so much the hero himself as his ideals.

5. Both the character of the hero and the setting of the action were exceptional and at the same time artistically truthful.

IVTest.

1 The epigraph to the poem “Mtsyri” is taken from:

A) epics B) ancient Russian chronicles

B) Bible D) poems by Horace

2 What is the meaning of the epigraph?

A) rebellion against fate, against God

B) repentance, endless humility

C) protection of human rights to freedom

3 Determine the genre of the work.

D) the location of the action corresponds to the romantic orientation of the poem

13 What is the main idea of ​​the work?

A) denial of the religious morality of asceticism and humility

B) longing for will

C) affirmation of the idea of ​​fidelity to ideals in the face of death

D) a call to fight against any manifestation of despotism

VLesson summary, homework.

Prepare for a review essay on the poem “Mtsyri”.

What did Mtsyri see and learn during his three days of freedom?

Wow, I never thought that anyone would remember Mtsyri!

Do you want to know what I did when I was free?

Lived And my life without these three blissful days,

Your old age would be sadder and gloomier!

This is what Mtsyri said to the old monk who came to him

to find out what Mtsyri was doing all these three days when he ran away.

Do you want to know what I saw when I was free? – Lush fields,

hills covered with a crown of trees growing all around...

I saw piles of dark rocks as the stream separated them.

And I guessed their thoughts... I saw mountain ranges,

bizarre, like dreams... In the distance I saw through the fog,

In the snow, burning like a diamond,

The gray, unshakable Caucasus;

Lord, what a poem! What words!

He saw mountains, the sky, a stormy mountain river, a Georgian girl.

He fought with a leopard. He wanted freedom

wanted to return to my relatives, from whom

it was torn off as a child. For three days he wandered around

mountains, and then found himself back where he had fled from.

They found him unconscious in the steppe and returned to the monastery

brought.

We are talking about Lermontov's poem. The main character Mtsyri, in three days of life in freedom, feels all the beauty of freedom and lives his whole life. While in captivity, he always wanted to know:

As a result, he became convinced that the world was very beautiful and interesting. I saw nature, felt myself, remembered my childhood and parents, love and freedom.

During three days of freedom, Mtsyri learned, in fact, what freedom is. What is life without shackles and responsibilities? He saw the world outside the monastery in which he lived. These were mainly the beauties of nature, since it took place in the mountains and steppes of the Caucasus.

He also saw a very beautiful girl, and experienced feelings for her that a normal young man should experience when he sees a beautiful girl.

As a foolish child, Mtsyri was left in a monastery, where he grew up, turning into a young man who had not seen the big world. However, when he was being prepared to become a monk, the young man decided to escape to freedom.

The amazing world of nature opened up before him. He learns a lot more in 3 days than some people learn in their entire lives.

The first thing Mtsyri feels is admiration for the beautiful nature of the Caucasus, she seems incredibly beautiful. Against the backdrop of the luxurious landscapes of the Caucasus, the young man remembered his native village, pictures of his childhood, and close people.

His sensitive nature speaks of Mtsyri’s belonging to people who communicate with wildlife prefer to a society spoiled by falsehood.

One feels that Lermontov contrasts the hero of the poem with his surroundings, which, for the most part, were empty; young people often complained of boredom, wasting their lives every day at balls and salons.

Against the backdrop of mountain landscapes, Mtsyri will experience the breath of first love in the image of a young slender Georgian woman. However, passionately dreaming of seeing his homeland, he will not succumb to the temptation of love, continuing on his way.

And here, hitherto so beautiful nature, turns to him with a different face, overtaking him in a cold and impenetrable night. The young man again feels the loneliness that tormented him in the monastery, and nature, instead of a friend, suddenly becomes an enemy. In the guise of a leopard, she stood in the way of Mtsyri, inviting him to win the right to continue the path he had begun. Battle with a leopard took away his last strength, during his stay in the monastery he lost contact with nature, that special instinct that helps him find the way to his native village, therefore, having made a circle, he involuntarily returns to the places from which he fled, and here he loses consciousness.

As a result, Mtsyri again finds himself in the monastery, among the people who left him, but they represent a completely different culture. Now he himself is approaching his death, he is only saddened by the thought that he will die as a slave, without ever seeing his homeland and loved ones.

During three days of freedom, Mtsyri learned and felt much more for himself than during his entire sluggish life within the walls of the monastery. His escape and these three days in freedom became real happiness. During these three days he breathed in freedom deeply. He saw the whole world from a different side, which was previously completely unknown to him. He simply enjoyed the splendor of the surrounding nature, the Caucasian mountains, the splendor of mountain air, a rushing river, and waterfalls. This wandering through the mountains was something incredibly beautiful for him. He also had the opportunity to meet with a dangerous opponent, the leopard, where he showed all his best qualities - he was brave and courageous.

And even though his fate was to die, it was no longer so hard for him to die after three days of real dizzying happiness.

The desire to get to his homeland, to gain freedom, pushed Mtsyri to escape from the monastery. Not for long, just for three short days he found the long-awaited freedom and how eventful these days turned out to be. Mtsyri learned the splendor of free nature, he enjoyed the view of wild waterfalls and mountains, he breathed free air and I think he was infinitely happy these days. This is the main thing that he learned during his escape - what happiness is. With such knowledge, it probably wouldn’t have hurt him so much to die. He felt the taste of life, he could have known love, because he was fascinated by the singing of a young Georgian woman, but the craving for home was stronger and he continued on his way. He had a chance to feel a sense of danger, an adrenaline rush from a fight with a leopard, in which he managed to win and become a Knight, that is, a warrior, a free man. Mtsyri's life flared up for three days like a bright torch and he burned in its fire.

The poem "Mtsyri" is one of the main works M. Yu. Lermontova. The problems of the poem are connected primarily with the theme of freedom and will, the conflict of dreams and reality, loneliness and exile. Many of the traits depicted in the main character were inherent in the author himself. Young novice Mtsyri was proud, freedom-loving, desperate and fearless. The only thing that interested him was the nature of the Caucasus and his native land.

Due to the fact that he was born in a mountain village, his heart remained there forever, next to his family and friends. While still a child, the boy was excommunicated from his parents and, by the will of fate, ended up in a monastery, the walls of which became a real prison for him. All the time he spent there, he dreamed of a free life, like his soul. One day, Mtsyri was still able to escape from the walls of the monastery and spend three days in the lap of nature.

This time became the happiest period in his life. Even if he knew in advance that he was destined to die in freedom, he would still have decided to take this desperate step. In three days of free life, he managed to fully reveal himself and his personal qualities. He matured, grew stronger and became even bolder.

He met a young Georgian woman on his way, whose voice remained forever in his heart. He met a mighty leopard, with whom he entered into an unequal battle. He was able to overcome dense forests without fear, high mountains and fast rivers. However, he never reached one edge, as he was severely wounded by the beast. Yet these three days opened his eyes to many things. Mtsyri remembered the faces of his parents, Father's house in the gorge of a mountain village.

Returning to the monastery, he confessed to the old monk who had once saved him from death. Now he was dying again, but this time from his wounds. He did not regret one bit about those three days spent in freedom. The only thing that bothered him was the fact that he was never able to hug his family for the last time. The novice’s last request was to bury him in the garden facing towards his native village.