The main income and expenses of the family is the family budget. Section II. Family budget. For an average family with one child
Family budget - This is a plan for managing family income and expenses, usually for one month.
There are two types of family budget: joint and separate.
A joint family budget is when all the income of family members is added to one wallet and spent on the needs of the family.
Separate - everyone has their own wallet (bank account), everyone manages money at their own discretion, general expenses (food, accommodation, children) are divided either equally or in proportion to the level of earnings of family members.
The family budget is based on three important components: accounting, control and planning.
Accounting implies the calculation of income and expenses, the daily entry of data on the amounts spent into a specialized computer program.
Control necessary to avoid unplanned expenses and to understand the financial situation of the family at the moment.
Planning helps to correctly distribute the available funds and expected income in all categories - food, accommodation, education, clothing, transport.
Sources of family income
Family income – This is the money that the family receives from other individuals or organizations.
Sources of family income- this is what the family receives money from or from where.
Sources of family income
2. Entrepreneurial activity
3. Ownership of natural resources
4. Property ownership
5. Free cash
6. State and other payments
Benefits for children, unemployment and disability, pensions, scholarships, etc.
Main items of expenditure
The first item in your budget is Savings(or the formation of family capital).
The second item in the family budget is Nutrition
Transport - remember that the cost of transport is the cost of not only your money, but also your time.
It is difficult to recommend anything for this item of family budget expenditures. Only the person himself knows how much and in what quantities he needs subscriptions to fitness centers, going to a restaurant, movie tickets, and so on.
Children's expenses
When the toy boxes are bursting from excess, this is not yet an indicator that the child is satisfied and happy. Much more important for him is time with his parents. A surplus of toys can be used for family charity.
Expenses for utilities, household needs, communications, and so on are more or less constant values. Therefore, they need to be accounted for, but there is no need for their detailing and constant monitoring.
personal disposable income
disposable personal income is the total income available for direct household use (DDI).
Disposable personal income is based on national income:
RLD = ND - corporate profits + dividends on shares of individuals - taxes (direct) + transfer payments (social payments).
Corporate profits, being part of the national income, disintegrate into three parts:
1.taxes on corporate profits that go to state revenue - therefore, this part of corporate profits cannot be included in the RLD;
2. undistributed profit - part of the profits of corporations, remaining at their disposal and intended for the expansion of production, that is, for the growth of investments;
the remaining profit can be paid to the owners of the shares in the form of dividends. Shareholders can be individuals (households) and firms. Disposable personal income includes dividends received only by private individuals.
If we ignore the existence of the state, and also neglect the fact that corporations pay only part of their profits to households in the form of dividends, then between there is no difference between national income and disposable personal income.
Nominal income - the amount of money received by individuals during a certain period, it also characterizes the level of cash income, regardless of taxation.
Disposable income is income that can be used for personal consumption and personal savings. Disposable income is less than nominal income by the amount of taxes and obligatory payments, i.e. These are funds used for consumption and savings.
Real income - represents the amount of goods and services that can be bought with disposable income during a certain period, i.e. adjusted for changes in the price level.
Income is the ultimate goal of the actions of each active participant in the market economy, an objective and powerful incentive for his daily activities.
Income is a monetary assessment of the results of the activities of an individual (or legal) person as a subject of a market economy. In economic theory, “income” refers to a sum of money that regularly and legally comes into the direct disposal of a market entity.
Savings is the part of income that is not used for current consumption.
The savings of the population occupy a special place among economic phenomena, since they are at the intersection of the interests of citizens, the state and organizations specializing in the provision of financial services. On the one hand, savings are the most important indicator standard of living directly related to consumption, income and expenditure of the population. On the other hand, household savings are a valuable resource economic development, a source of investment and lending to the economy. Personal savings of citizens are the subject of activity of a number of financial and non-financial organizations that perform intermediary functions in the movement of capital.
The population makes savings: form a reserve in case of unforeseen expenses; for the purchase of expensive goods; interest income; provide a sense of independence (stinginess); carry out commercial transactions.
The main components of the financial assets of the population are:
— deposits and deposits in banks in rubles and foreign currency, including on plastic cards;
— cash in the hands of the population;
Investments of the population in securities; stocks of funds of the population in cash;
— reserve of insurance premiums of the population.
Insurance- a special type of economic relations, designed to provide insurance protection for people (or organizations) and their interests from various kinds of dangers.
Insurance (insurance business) in a broad sense - includes various types of insurance activities (actual insurance, or primary insurance, reinsurance, co-insurance), which in combination provide insurance protection.
Insurance in the narrow sense is a relationship (between the insured and the insurer) to protect the property interests of individuals and legal entities (insured) upon the occurrence of certain events (insurance events) at the expense of monetary funds (insurance funds) formed from the insurance premiums paid by them (insurance premium ).
The relationship between the insurer and the policyholder, which determines exactly how the insurance fund will be formed and how it will be spent, is a method for creating insurance products. In the process of historical development, three methods of creating insurance products have been developed - self-insurance, mutual insurance, commercial insurance.
IN personal insurance the object of insurance is property interests related to the life, health, work capacity and pension provision of the insured or the insured person. Personal insurance includes:
Accident and illness insurance.
IN property insurance the object of insurance is property interests related to the possession, use and disposal of property. Property insurance includes:
Business risks insurance;
Financial risk insurance.
Property insurance includes:
Insurance of property of enterprises and organizations;
Property insurance of citizens;
Transport insurance (means of transport and cargo);
Insurance of other types of property, except for those listed above.
The division of insurance into industries is based on fundamental differences in the objects of insurance. The division of insurance into industries does not allow identifying those specific insurance interests of individuals and legal entities that make it possible to carry out insurance. To specify these interests, they are distinguished from insurance industries by industries and types of insurance.
The type of insurance is the insurance of specific homogeneous objects in a certain amount of insurance liability at the appropriate tariff rates. Insurance relations between the insurer and the insured are carried out by types of insurance. We give only examples of some of the most common types of insurance.
Table of expenses and incomes of the family budget in Excel
Why control the family budget?
The problem of lack of money is relevant for most modern families. Many literally dream of paying off their debts and starting a new financial life. In a crisis, the burden of low wages, loans and debts affects almost all families without exception. That is why people strive to control their spending. The point of saving costs is not that people are greedy, but to find financial stability and look at your budget soberly and impartially.
The benefit of controlling the financial flow is obvious - it is cost reduction. The more you save, the more confidence in tomorrow. The money saved can be used to form a financial cushion that will allow you to feel comfortable for a while, for example, if you are left without a job.
The main enemy in the way of financial control is laziness. People first light up with the idea of controlling the family budget, and then quickly cool down and lose interest in their finances. To avoid this effect, you need to acquire a new habit - to constantly control your expenses. The most difficult period is the first month. Then the control becomes a habit, and you continue to act automatically. In addition, you will immediately see the fruits of your “labor” - your expenses will be surprisingly reduced. You will personally see that some expenses were superfluous and you can refuse them without harm to the family.
Poll: Excel spreadsheets are enough to control the family budget?
Accounting for family expenses and income in an Excel spreadsheet
If you are new to family budgeting, then before using powerful and paid home bookkeeping tools, try keeping a family budget in a simple Excel spreadsheet. The benefits of such a solution are obvious - you do not spend money on programs, and try your hand at controlling finances. On the other hand, if you bought the program, then this will stimulate you - since you spent the money, then you need to keep records.
It is better to start compiling a family budget in a simple table in which everything is clear to you. Over time, you can complicate and supplement it.
The main principle of drawing up a financial plan is to break down expenses and income into different categories and keep records for each of these categories. As experience shows, you need to start with a small number of categories (10-15 will be enough). Here is a sample list of categories of expenses for preparing a family budget:
- Automobile
- household needs
- Bad habits
- Hygiene and health
- Rent
- Credit/debts
- Clothing and cosmetics
- Trips (transport, taxi)
- Food
- Entertainment and gifts
- Communication (telephone, internet)
Consider the expenses and incomes of the family budget using this table as an example.
Here we see three sections: income, expenses and report. In the "expenses" section, we have entered the above categories. Near each category is a cell containing the total expense for the month (the sum of all days on the right). In the "days of the month" area, daily expenses are entered. In fact, this is a complete monthly report on the expenses of your family budget. This table gives the following information: expenses for each day, for each week, for a month, as well as the total expenses for each category.
As for the formulas that are used in this table, they are very simple. For example, the total expense for the category "car" is calculated by the formula =SUM(F14:AJ14). That is, this is the amount for all days on line number 14. The amount of expenses per day is calculated as follows: =SUM(F14:F25)- all numbers in column F from the 14th to the 25th line are summed up.
The section "income" is arranged in a similar way. This table has categories of budget revenues and the amount that corresponds to it. In the "total" cell, the sum of all categories ( =SUM(E5:E8)) in column E from the 5th to the 8th line. The "report" section is even simpler. Here, information from cells E9 and F28 is duplicated. The balance (income minus expenses) is the difference between these cells.
Now let's complicate our expense table. Let's introduce new columns "expenditure plan" and "deviation" (download the table of expenses and incomes). This is necessary for more accurate planning of the family budget. For example, you know that the cost of a car is usually 5,000 rubles / month, and the rent is 3,000 rubles / month. If we know the costs in advance, then we can make a budget for a month or even a year.
Thus, the columns "expenditure plan" and "variance" are needed for long-term budget planning. If the value in the "deviation" column is negative (highlighted in red), then you deviated from the plan. Deviation is calculated by the formula =F14-E14(i.e. the difference between the plan and the actual costs per category).
Using our data from the expense table, we will build a cost report in the form of a chart.
Similarly, we build a report on the income of the family budget.
The benefits of these reports are clear. Firstly, we get a visual representation of the budget, and secondly, we can track the percentage share of each category. In our case, the most expensive items are “clothes and cosmetics” (19%), “food” (15%) and “credit” (15%).
Excel has ready-made templates that allow you to create the necessary tables in two clicks. If you go to the "File" menu and select "Create", the program will prompt you to create finished project based on existing templates. Our theme includes the following templates: Sample Family Budget, Family Budget (Monthly), Simple Spending Budget, Personal Budget, Half Monthly Home Budget, Monthly Student Budget, Personal Expenses Calculator .
A selection of free Excel budgeting templates
Ready-made Excel spreadsheets can be downloaded for free from these links:
The first two tables are discussed in this article. The third table is described in detail in the article about home accounting. The fourth collection is an archive containing standard templates from an Excel spreadsheet.
Try downloading and working with each table. After reviewing all the templates, you are sure to find a table that is right for your family budget.
Excel Spreadsheets vs. Home Bookkeeping: Which Should You Choose?
Each method of doing home accounting has its own advantages and disadvantages. If you have never done home accounting and have poor computer skills, then it is better to start accounting for finances using a regular notebook. Enter all expenses and incomes into it in any form, and at the end of the month you take a calculator and reduce the debit with the credit.
If the level of your knowledge allows you to use an Excel spreadsheet or a similar program, then feel free to download templates for home budget tables and start accounting electronically.
When the functionality of the tables no longer suits you, you can use specialized programs. Start with the simplest personal accounting software, and only then, when you get real experience, you can purchase a full-fledged program for a PC or smartphone. For more information about financial accounting programs, see the following articles:
The advantages of using Excel spreadsheets are obvious. This is a simple, clear and free solution. It is also possible to gain additional skills in working with a spreadsheet processor. The disadvantages include low performance, poor visibility, as well as limited functionality.
Specialized family budget management programs have only one drawback - almost all normal software is paid. Only one question is relevant here - which program is the highest quality and cheapest? The advantages of the programs are: high speed, visual presentation of data, many reports, technical support from the developer, free updates.
If you want to try your hand at family budget planning, but are not ready to pay money, then download table templates for free and get down to business. If you already have experience in home accounting and want to use more advanced tools, then we recommend installing a simple and inexpensive program called Housekeeper. Consider the basics of personal accounting with the help of "Housekeeper".
Household bookkeeping in the program "Economy"
A detailed description of the program can be found on this page. The functionality of the Housekeeper is simple: there are two main sections: income and expenses.
The section "Incomes" is arranged in a similar way. User accounts are configured in the "Users" section. You can add any number of accounts in different currencies. For example, one account can be in rubles, the second in dollars, the third in Euros, etc. The principle of the program is simple - when you add an expense transaction, the money is debited from the selected account, and when you add a profitable transaction, the money, on the contrary, is credited to the account.
To build a report, you need to select the type of report in the "Reports" section, specify the time interval (if necessary) and click the "Build" button.
As you can see, everything is simple! The program will independently build reports and point you to the most costly items of expenditure. Using reports and a table of expenses, you will be able to manage your family budget more efficiently.
2.4 Mb) Windows XP/7/8/10
Video on the topic of the family budget in Excel
On the Internet, there are many videos on family budgeting. The main thing is that you not only watch, read and listen, but also apply the acquired knowledge in practice. By controlling your budget, you reduce unnecessary expenses and increase savings.
The right family budget
Introduction
Did you know that lack of money today leads to poverty in the future. An increasing number of people are complaining about high prices and tariffs, low wages, and some are completely at a loss as to where the finances go. At the same time, few people can plan their correct family budget without wasting money in vain. And there are few people who competently manage the family budget. Most do not even suspect why this should be done. Why do you need to keep track of finances? First of all, in order to have order in the head.
There is such a belief that there is enough money only when they are received in a large family. But it's not. The more wealth, the higher the costs. Rich is not the one who earns a lot, but the one who spends less.
Money will be found only if both income and expenses are clearly planned. After all, each person has many holes through which money disappears. To get a salary, you need to work for a whole month, and you can spend them in just a few short days or even hours. But if you analyze your spending for at least one month, it turns out that the money is spent inefficiently. In the article Saving the home budget on maternity leave. Personal experience., I have demonstrated from my own experience that you can save money with any budget, it is enough to know where the family's money is spent, and then optimize spending.
The right family budget
What is the correct family budget and what should be spent on in the first place? First you need to determine what it is for, and then work on yourself a little. How to do this, I wrote in the article Why it is so important to keep track of personal finances, my review. For several months, try to write down your expenses and income daily. If you take this seriously, the result will not keep you waiting. Accounting can be kept in a regular notebook, in an Excel spreadsheet (you can get an Excel spreadsheet for a month for free through the subscription form on the sidebar of this blog), or in a special program that can be downloaded in the article Family Budget Program. Download for free. Next, I give the main items of income and expenses for the correct family budget.
Family budget expenditure items:
Family budget income items:
If you take budgeting seriously, it will help to put things in order in your finances and make the family budget correct.
So, you have detailed all the estimated costs. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all the holidays of the month: be it March 8, the birthday of a family member or friend, Easter, and so on. We estimate in advance the amount of money that should be spent on this event. Calculate all the estimated expenses for the month, then plan the estimated income. If the amounts differ not in favor of income, adjustments must be made. Now you need to do such a layout by months for the whole year, for this it is enough to copy the form of the budget for the month I propose for the required number of times.
There is an opinion that planning the right family budget is to limit yourself in everything, that this is torture, because you have to deny yourself a lot. So, this is complete nonsense. Accounting for finances, first of all, of course, helps to put things in order in money. Today, a clear distribution Money in the family - this is the same necessity as washing your face in the morning, brushing your teeth. This will quickly become a habit. Maintaining a family budget is a very curious thing. You can quickly get the result of your work, an example of this is our financial report on accounting for the family budget after 1.5 years.
As I already mentioned, there are different ways to account for your finances. This will require a typical notebook or computer program, such as the housekeeping program Housekeeper. If you had to start a notebook, you need to divide the sheet into three columns: income, expense and total. The first two will reflect the processes with money, and the third is needed to verify the numbers on paper with the number of banknotes in your pocket. They must be the same.
Daily accounting of personal finances will not take very much time. The main thing that is needed in the initial periods is to take into account all your cash receipts and expenses, constantly writing them down in a notebook or entering them into a computer.
Data for accounting for the family budget is best collected over a period of two to three months. The information obtained over a short period will not be able to give the necessary idea of the jointly received wealth and expenses. From this it follows that it is important to train yourself to conduct such an analysis for a long time. If it doesn't work, you can start over at any time. The hardest part will be cost accounting. Money spent on large purchases is easy to remember, but small expenses are quickly forgotten. Therefore, it is necessary to record all financial sources, using all available material for this. It can be a check, a notebook, a phone. No need to be lazy. Very quickly, controlling the family budget can help improve your life. Goals and desires will soon begin to be fulfilled.
Started to budget, what to do next?
We have accumulated information on expenses and income for several months, it is time to proceed to the next stage - cost optimization and savings, the formation of an airbag, the preparation of a personal financial plan (an example can be downloaded from the link) and investments. About this in the following materials.
The proposed method of accounting for the family budget has a number of advantages:
- Examination. It is clear what the money is spent on. Questions about salary fluctuations cease to appear.
- Understandable choice. After a couple of months, it is really noticeable how much the costs are. There is a desire for correction. Thus, unnecessary expenses are eliminated, debts disappear. It is possible to calculate everything in advance.
- Shopping planning becomes much easier. If you want to buy something significant or go on a trip, it will be real, because the budget is constantly under control.
- Very handy when leaving work. It is easier to determine how much more time it will take to start looking for a job.
- Discipline. Both in terms of expenses and in terms of life.
Good luck to you and the right family budget!
The article was written based on the materials of the sites: rub21.ru, maman-lima.com.
This article will focus on the question of why multiple sources of income are needed and how they can be created.
One salary is not enough
If the main sources of income are only salaries, then this is a rather unstable financial situation. This is especially true if another financial crisis is traced outside the window.
This issue becomes important if these sources of income are blocked due to the loss of a job, and the family needs to be fed, and there are other financial obligations (for example, a bank loan). In this case, the option of earning money in another place will help.
Therefore, in the thematic literature, one can find an interpretation of such a concept as multiple sources of income. It is the creation of such that will contribute to the formation of real financial freedom. Especially if such sources of income generation are passive. In other words, this is the profit that a person receives, regardless of whether he works or rests.
Passive sources of income
So, what is it and by what criteria can they be evaluated:
1. Opening your own business. This is a type of activity that does not require special participation in the process of functioning, but will require a lot of attention at the initial stage.
2. Income from rental property. It can be personal property both in Russia and abroad. Such sources of family income are fairly stable. At the first stage, it is advisable to have such real estate abroad.
3. Copyrights are quite interesting sources of income generated by various printed or audio, video materials, as well as inventions created personally. The source of such earnings is the receipt of royalties.
4. Bank deposit, which is the most common source of additional income. It is formed by investing a certain amount of money in a bank at interest, which refers to the passive type of earnings.
What is the best way to generate income
If today there is only one type of income in the family, then experts recommend adding others gradually.
Multiple Streams of Income: Creating Them
For the successful implementation of their achievements and developments in order to receive in the future, it is necessary to draw up a certain algorithm of actions:
The direction of activity in which it is planned to create a source of income is selected;
A specific plan for its formation is drawn up;
This plan is being implemented.
Other sources of income
In addition to passive, there are also such sources of income as:
work award;
Compensation and compensation for damage;
Scholarship;
Alimony.
Income and expenses
Provided that the family receives regular income, it has the opportunity to plan the appropriate level of expenses. Often, however, spreading out spending on future monthly payments, you can find the need for additional payments. Thus, additional financial plans may appear.
It is a completely different matter when it comes to irregular earnings. In this case, it is more difficult to plan the sources of income and expenses, since the size of such an average family budget for the previous year and the moment regarding what is expected to be its minimum amount per month remains uncertain.
An important issue for the budget of any family is its planning in accordance with minimum size source of income. And if there are surpluses, it will be possible to direct them to cover additional needs.
Security of sources of income
In this case, it is necessary to repeat once again about the need for the family to have, in addition to the main source of income, also additional ones. For example, if a family member receives only a social benefit, then there is a possibility of changes in the current legislation that will lead to him losing the status of a citizen who meets the specific criteria for receiving such benefits.
The best option is for all able-bodied family members to work. At the same time, they should have different places of work, so that in the event of any reorganization at the enterprise, the family would not be left without income. Family income depends on a large number factors, but effective planning will enhance the effect of income growth with their distribution between sources.
Additional source of income
Incidental expenses are:
Capital and current repairs;
Purchase of equipment;
Expenses for examination and sickness.
There are also so-called "undesirable" expenses, consisting of:
fines and penalties;
Various compensations (for example, repairing the housing of neighbors flooded with water);
Interest on unpaid obligations.
Summing up the material presented in this article, it should be noted that the preparation of a family budget is an integral part of any "cell of society". Only thanks to effective planning will a family be able to exist at a sufficient financial level.
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To account for all income and expenses, many people make personal budgets. The budgeting process usually includes three phases: setting financial goals, evaluating revenue, and planning expenses. While you probably use most of your income for your daily needs, you need to plan ahead for large purchases. To achieve these goals, you will have to make savings. Perhaps, comparing the expected income and expenses, you will have to exclude some expenses from the plans. In this case, you will encounter an opportunity cost.
A family budget is a family financial plan that compares family income and expenses for a certain period of time (month, year).
The budget is made up when it is necessary to accumulate funds for large purchases, when it is necessary to analyze the income and expenses of the family. When drawing up a budget, you can identify additional reserves, the most reasonable plan for future expenses.
A budget is balanced when a family's income equals its expenses. If a family spends more than the amount of its income, then the budget of this family is in deficit, and if the family's expenses are less than income, then the budget is excess (surplus).
To balance the budget, you can try to increase income, look for additional sources of income, reduce expenses, change the structure of family expenses.
Sources of family income can be: wages and bonuses, business income, income from property and savings, transfers, inheritance, gifts, winnings, etc. Types of income can be grouped into three groups.
Employed income is the income of family members who are employed or engaged in entrepreneurial activities: these are wages, bonuses and entrepreneurial income.
Property income - income from owning property: interest on deposits and bonds, dividends on shares, payments for renting premises, royalties, etc.
Transfers are income for which family members do not have to give anything in return. Transfers can be in cash or in kind (in the form of goods and services). They can be provided by the state or non-governmental organizations, as well as private individuals. These are pensions, allowances, charitable assistance, gifts.
In all countries, the main source of income is the wages of citizens working in public or private enterprises. In Russia, wages account for more than half of all income.
Wealth is the value of all things that a person owns. This is the sum of the value - all property, bank account, money savings, etc. Wealth can generate income for its owner.
Families spend their income on the purchase of goods and services, payment of taxes, payments, medical treatment, education, recreation, satisfaction of cultural, social and intellectual and spiritual needs. Part of the income is set aside as savings. We make the decision to save money based on factors such as our current wealth, our prospects for the future, and the current interest rate on bank deposits.
The structure of family expenses depends on a number of factors: the size of income, the composition of family members, tastes, preferences, the cultural level of family members, and the expected economic situation in the country.
The list of goods needed for consumption - the so-called consumer basket - differs significantly in different countries and even in certain regions. Consumer basket - a minimum set of food products, non-food products and services necessary to maintain human health and ensure its vital activity. The composition of the consumer basket is established by law and reviewed at least once every five years. In Russia, this basket includes:
Food products: bread and cereals, potatoes and gourds, fruits, sugar and confectionery, meat, fish, milk, eggs, butter, etc.;
Non-food items: coats, suits, dresses, underwear, shoes, cultural and household goods, sanitary items and medicines, etc.;
Services: payment for housing, heating, water supply, gas supply, electricity supply; transportation costs, etc.
The level of well-being of the population can be judged by the share of expenditures on food: the smaller the share of expenditures on food in relation to the total amount of expenditures, the higher the level of well-being of citizens of a given country. This dependence is established by Engel's law.
Engel's law. With the growth of family income, the structure of expenditures changes: the share of expenditures on food decreases, the share of expenditures on satisfaction of cultural needs increases.
In this article we will talk about such an important concept as a family budget. Proper management of household finances is an opportunity to become more prosperous and happier. How to manage a family budget? We understand this issue.
It happens that with equal incomes, some families live in prosperity, while others hardly make ends meet. While some are planning their next major purchase and vacation, and also manage to save money, others live paycheck to paycheck and indulge in many things. But why is this happening?
The reason is the different management of family finances. Those who lead the family budget achieve their goals, no matter how grandiose they may be. And those who do not - often, imperceptibly for themselves, find themselves completely without money.
What is a family budget
This is such an obvious thing that many people simply do not pay enough attention to the family budget.
« Well, I don’t know how much I spend and earn? My salary is 40 thousand and my wife has 40. And we spend about 60 a month. And on this, all family budget management ends for most families. 🙂
That's right. talking in simple words, the family budget is all the income and expenses of the family for a certain period of time. That is, how much we earned and how much we spent, for example, in a month.
And what if we offer this information from the head to paper, evaluate it. What if there are extra budget expenses? Or maybe income can be increased?
This is certainly possible if you take the family budget seriously, devoting at least a little time to planning. Let's get on with it right now.
First of all, it is important to decide on the type of family budget that will be relevant to you.
There are three ways to keep a family budget:
In my opinion, it is optimal to maintain a general budget, while laying some additional expenses for each family member. And by the way, from this money you can make surprises if you wish.
How to manage a family budget
As we have already found out, the family budget is a list of all your income and expenses for a fixed period of time. Most often, the family budget is compiled for a month and a year.
Okay, that's settled. How to manage a family budget? Let's move on to practice.
Let's start with income. Family income, most often, can be divided into two parts:
- spouse's salary
- wife's salary.
In addition, income from other family members, one-time income (for example, from income from the sale of something or inheritance) and income from investments can be added to this section.
Whatever your income, it's important to save at least some of it. By accumulating money, you will be able to create and increase an additional source of income in the form of investments. Or, from the money set aside, you can make large purchases, up to new car or even apartments.
How much money to set aside? Ideally, if you can save from 7 to 15% of income every month.
Only, in no case do not keep savings "under the pillow." Be sure to put them in a bank deposit. Let them immediately bring at least a small additional income.
How to save a family budget
Income in the family can be increased, but it is not so easy. But the costs can be very effectively managed. How can you save your family budget?
First of all, let's define what are the expenses of the family budget.
This concept includes:
- utility bills (or rent);
- operating costs: food, clothing, medicines, gasoline and similar costs;
- expenses for family members: money “for yourself” and pocket money for children;
- One-time expenses: planned large expenses, such as vacations.
In addition, if the family has loans, then loan payments may be added to the expenses. And, of course, the first thing I recommend is throwing all the funds to pay off loans. The faster you can close them, the less you will feed the bank with your money.
The only exception is large targeted loans for a car or apartment. It is clear that it is difficult to close a mortgage ahead of schedule, and it is not so easy to buy an apartment without a mortgage.
All other debts, whether it be consumer loans or credit card debt, try to close as early as possible and thereby save on future interest on the loan. As a result, every month you will have additional free money.
Dealt with loans. How else can you save.
Analyze costs
Try to analyze where the most money is spent and optimize these expenses.
I will explain on own example. About five years ago, I did not keep a family budget and assumed that we spent about 30,000 rubles on food per month. When we finally began to consider family finances, I was horrified. It turned out that we spend about 60,000 rubles a month on food. And we eat not very healthy foods.
I won’t say that after that our family completely switched to healthy eating. However, now we buy more healthy and better products and do not spend money on extra food, which then just spoils in the refrigerator. In the end, we killed "two birds with one stone": we sent better food and saved about 25,000 rubles a month.
How did we do it? We began to buy on weekends for the week ahead in large megastores, where there are good discounts. We began to make a list of necessary products before going to the store. And, we began to buy harmful "sweets" much less often. It is not difficult. Try it yourself.
Save on big purchases
You can save a lot on big things. And it's not about not buying them at all. Of course not.
Another thing - you can buy some expensive things a little cheaper. Let me explain with an example:
Let's say we buy a new one washing machine. How does it happen most often? We come to the store and ask the consultant to suggest a washing machine that meets our requirements. And, of course, the seller will advise us on the newest and most expensive. And we think, think, and buy.
Ideally, you can prepare in advance and see what kind of washing machines there are and what reviews there are about a particular model. And then you can simply compare prices and check availability in stores. As a result, we can choose the most reliable and most profitable model. And you can do this, for example, through Yandex.Market.
By the way, you can immediately through the Internet and make a purchase. And then just come to the store and pick up the already paid washing machine. Often, when buying online, stores make additional discounts. Or even .
Surely you have heard the expressions "I'm not rich enough to buy cheap things" or "the miser pays twice"?
Quality items cost a little more, but in the end they will save you money and cheer you up. The fact is that cheap things are usually of dubious quality. This means that they will fail much faster than quality items that cost a little more. In addition, low-quality things can be harmful.
There are many examples of this:
- cheap "Chinese phones" are not very reliable and have much higher radiation than high-quality mobile phones;
- low-quality shoes are enough for a maximum of one season and it can lead to foot deformity;
- cheap cars tend to be less comfortable and break down more often. By the way, even insurers, other things being equal, charge a little more for cheaper brands that are considered unreliable.
In fact, this list is endless. There is only one point - it is better to immediately pay a little more and get a quality thing that will please you.
Save resources
Careful attitude to water, electricity and fuel will save you at least 1-2 thousand rubles a month I understand that this sounds trite, but try not to forget to turn on the light and the water tap. Or, don't forget to turn off the car when waiting for someone in it for a long time.
It would seem that you will not save much on this. But it's not. As they say, "a penny saves a ruble." Moreover, we can talk not about pennies, but about thousands. It is quite possible to save from 20 to 40 thousand rubles a year on such trifles. And at the same time, by doing this you will render a great service in the matter of protection environment. 🙂
Thanks to all these tricks, we can easily save from a third to a half of our expenses. However, this requires careful planning. And, now we turn to the most important issue - how to plan a family budget.
The easiest option is to make a budget in the form of a table. To do this, you can come up with some form for yourself or use one of the ready-made tables for maintaining a family budget.
Alternatively, you can use a table like this:
In the table, we take into account our monthly income and plan expenses. If some item of expenditure looks too large, then we detail this item.
For example, you can divide current expenses into utility bills, food, medicines, clothing, and gasoline. And, further we are already looking specifically what can be optimized from this.
It doesn't take long to complete the table. At the same time, spending 10-20 minutes a month on this will help you understand and significantly improve the situation with the family budget. Planning big projects starts small!
Family budgeting program
An alternative option for maintaining a family budget is to use one of the specialized programs. There are a lot of such programs for both computers and smartphones.
Conveniently analyze your income and expenses using your smartphone The developers of such applications are well aware that budgeting can save a lot of money. Therefore, many programs are paid.
If we talk about free programs, then I can recommend Alzex Personal Finance for Windows or CoinKeeper for tablets and mobile devices on Android / iOS.
I note that the CoinKeeper application is so progressive that it supports the import of transactions from most Russian banks and even recognizes expenses from SMS (if SMSs are received when making debit transactions).
Thus, it is very convenient to use specialized programs for maintaining family records. Part of the information about income and expenses can be loaded automatically. This means that even less time is spent on budget control.
Here, perhaps, is all that is important to know on this topic. At the end of the article, I would like to wish you, dear readers, that your family budget will always please you! And let the income grow steadily!
I would be grateful for your questions or your opinion about the family budget in comments.
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Questions:
Family budget. Sources of family income. Main items of expenditure. Personal disposable income. Real and nominal wages and real and nominal incomes.
Savings of the population. Insurance.
Question 1:
Budget - this is the structure of all income and expenses for a certain period of time.
A budget is balanced if income equals expenses.
The lack of budget is deficit and the excess budget is surplus.
Income - this is material values or money received in the form of wages, remuneration or a gift from the state, enterprise or individual for work, service or other activity.
Sources of family income:
· remuneration for work for hire;
Income from personal subsidiary farm;
personal income labor activity;
cash receipts received in the form of pensions, scholarships and allowances,
income received from the financial and credit system.
Social transfers - this is the income that the family receives from the state; they are not connected with the ownership of property, they are not a payment for the goods or services produced by them.
Expenses - these are the costs for the purchase, manufacture, maintenance, repair or maintenance of any products or services.
Main items of expenditure:
for the purchase of food and non-food products,
payment for housing and services for cultural and community purposes, transport,
payment for vouchers to sanatoriums, rest houses,
Expenses in connection with the maintenance of personal subsidiary plots and individual labor activity,
payment of taxes, mandatory payments, contributions, etc.
The costs are divided into:
1. Fixed - these are expenses that can be implemented or planned.
2. Variables are recurring, one-time expenses (seasonal, unforeseen).
Family budget - the balance of the actual income and expenses of the family for a certain period of time (month, quarter or year).
disposable income is the difference between the nominal salary and tax deductions and mandatory payments to the state.
Nominal income (cash)- this is the amount of money received at the personal disposal of the recipient.
Nominal income can be fixed, it can decrease and grow.
Real income is determined by the amount of goods and services that can be purchased for the amount of nominal income.
Question 2:
Saving is the future demand for future goods and services.
Savings can be divided into three types:
1. "insurance"- savings in case of unforeseen circumstances;
2. "protective"- placing savings in bank accounts, investing in bonds, shares and other securities in order to protect them from inflationary depreciation;
3. "speculative"- savings are used for games of "exchange nature" (an attempt to win on fluctuations in the market value of securities); in this case, the saved part of the income itself becomes a source of new income.
Of course, the mere desire to save is not enough. For this, there must be a real opportunity, which is determined by the amount of income.
"savings" = "total income" - "taxes" - "consumer spending".
One form of savings is insurance.
There are various forms of insurance, the main ones are:
1) term insurance;
2) direct insurance,
3) insurance under the deposit system.
Term insurance does not involve any savings for the future, it provides the maximum possible insurance in case of death or illness.
Direct insurance involves a constant annual premium, which initially exceeds the estimated cost of insurance. The difference is invested in securities, due to income from these securities, the company's reserves increase. Later, when the cost of insurance exceeds the amount of premiums, the gradual use of funds previously accumulated by this group of insured begins. The deposit system provides an element of accumulation. After the expiration of the term, the insured person receives the entire accumulated value of the policy, even if nothing happened to him.
The specific forms of insurance that are most often dealt with are life, health, solvency, and property insurance.
Topic 2.2: Rational consumer.
