Vladimir Vysotsky: short biography. Vysotsky Vladimir - biography, facts from life, photographs, background information Biography and creativity of Vysotsky in brief
Childhood and family
Vladimir Vysotsky was born in Moscow on January 25, 1938 in the family of Nina Maksimovna Vysotskaya, nee Seregina, and Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky. The popularly beloved artist received his name in honor of his paternal grandfather, Vladimir (Wolf) Vysotsky, a native of Belarus, the son of a glass blower, who managed to graduate from three faculties of the Kiev Institute of National Economy. D.S. Korotchenko: legal, economic and chemical.In 1915, Wolf Shlemovich Vysotsky married Deborah Ovseevna Bronstein, who gave him two sons, Alexei and Semyon. In 1926, the poet’s grandparents moved to Moscow. Wolf changed his name, becoming Vladimir, and Deborah began to call herself Irina. After school, Semyon Vysotsky entered the Polytechnic College of Communications and shortly before graduation he met Nina Seregina, who worked as a translator at the Intourist Hotel.
Vladimir Vysotsky’s maternal grandfather, Maxim Ivanovich Seregin, came to Moscow from the Tula region and worked as a doorman for most of his life. Grandmother, Evdokia Andreevna, devoted herself to caring for her husband and children: two sons and three daughters, one of whom, Nina, was destined to become the mother of the Russian poet.
Semyon Vladimirovich and Nina Maksimovna got married in 1937. After marriage, the newlyweds settled in a room in a communal apartment on First Meshchanskaya Street. According to Nina Maksimovna’s memoirs, she gave birth to a son at 9:40 a.m. on January 25, 1938, at which time her husband was on a business trip and was unable to meet her from the maternity hospital.
The first three years of his life, the future poet lived in a communal apartment with his parents. In 1941, Semyon Vladimirovich was called up to the front, and Nina Maksimovna and little Volodya were evacuated to the Urals, from where they returned two years later, in 1943.
At the front, the poet’s father met Evgenia Stepanovna Likhalatova, who served in the Main Highway Administration of the NKVD, and fell in love with her, which became the reason for the divorce. Semyon Vysotsky never returned to the communal apartment on First Meshchanskaya Street; his new home was the apartment of Evgenia Likhalatova, located in Bolshoi Karetny Lane.
Nina Maksimovna arranged her life by marrying an English teacher. His stepfather, Georgy Mikhailovich Bartosh, did not even try to become Volodya’s friend, and he also abused alcohol. The situation in which his son was forced to live worried Semyon Vladimirovich, but he failed to persuade Nina Maksimovna to give up her son. The situation was resolved in 1946; by court decision, Volodya moved to his father and his wife, Evgenia Stepanovna, whom he called “Mama Zhenya,” and a year later he went with them to his father’s destination, to Germany.
At the school in the town of Eberswald, where children of Soviet military personnel studied, Volodya was accepted into the pioneers. He began taking piano lessons, and his father and Evgenia Stepanovna gave him an accordion.
In 1949, Semyon Vladimirovich received a new appointment, to Kyiv, but at the family council it was decided that Evgenia Stepanovna and Volodya would not go with him to their place of service, but would return to Moscow. This difficult decision was made so that Volodya could properly prepare for entering the university.
In 1955, Vladimir Vysotsky graduated from the 186th Men's Secondary School, receiving a certificate in which he received “excellent” marks in five subjects and “good” in nine subjects.
Student years
In 1955, following his father’s advice, Vladimir entered the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering. It took Vladimir only six months to understand that he could not waste time mastering a profession that he did not intend to connect his life with. Having collected his documents from MISS, Vladimir began preparing to enter the theater institute, resuming his studies in the theater club. 
It is believed that the environment of young Vysotsky greatly contributed to this decision. Young film director Levon Kocharyan, a good friend of Vladimir, who settled in a house on Bolshoi Karetny Lane, created a kind of closed club in which poets, writers and artists gathered; among them were Vasily Shukshin, Andrei Tarkovsky, Edmond Keosayan and Yuri Gladkov. 16-year-old Vladimir was one of the youngest in this company and bore the nickname “Schwanz” (“tail” in German), as he followed his older comrades with his tail, who were not at all burdened by his company, but treated him as an equal.
One of the group of friends, Anatoly Utevsky, later got a job at the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department and invited Vysotsky to work as an understandable person. It was then that Vladimir became interested in “criminal” characters. An analysis of the psychology of criminals brought him to the conclusion that not all “clients” of the criminal investigation department are scum at heart; many law-abiding citizens are pushed to commit a crime by circumstances. This theme will later become a leitmotif through Vysotsky’s “thieves’” lyrics.
In 1956, Vladimir became a student at the famous theater university, the Moscow Art Theater School. The teachers were quite concerned about the peculiarities of his voice, as evidenced by the surviving minutes of the department meeting, dated November 5, 1965. In the document, Professor Saricheva characterized Vladimir’s vocal abilities. According to an experienced stage speech teacher, student Vysotsky had a “bad and very small voice.” Two years later, Professor Saricheva suggested that Vysotsky’s hoarseness was a consequence of an organic defect. A year later, singing teacher Vishnevskaya suggested that strain and hoarseness were caused by a defect in the nasopharynx or excessive smoking. In the last year of study, one of Vladimir’s mentors, Pavel Vladimirovich Massalsky, also noted that his student had no voice, but he brilliantly compensated for this deficiency with his ability to feel the role and artistry. Many years later, many researchers will analyze Vysotsky’s vocal characteristics. Mark Zakharov said that it was his voice that largely influenced the development of Vysotsky both as an artist and as a poet. According to the director, if Vladimir Vysotsky’s voice had been different, then his roles would have been different, his poems and songs would have been different, and he himself would have been different.
Vladimir Vysotsky – Morning exercises
In 1960, Vladimir graduated from the famous university with a diploma in drama and film acting and was assigned a place at the Moscow Drama Theater named after A. S. Pushkin.
Theater
Vladimir Semyonovich served at the Pushkin Theater for only four years. At the beginning of 1964, he came to the director of the Moscow Taganka Theater Yuri Lyubimov and soon appeared on the stage of this theater for the first time, replacing the ill actor Vladimir Klimentyev in the role of the Second God in the production of “The Good Man from Szechwan”. In the theater archive, Vysotsky’s name was first mentioned in 1964 as the name of the artist approved for the role of captain in the play “A Hero of Our Time” based on the work of Mikhail Lermontov. 
At the beginning of 1965, the premiere of the play “Anti-Worlds” took place, staged by Yuri Lyubimov based on the works of the poet Andrei Voznesensky. Viewers noted that Vysotsky read poetic texts in one breath, in his own special manner, unexpectedly highlighting dull consonants and making semantic pauses that made their hearts skip a beat in anticipation of the moment when the artist would speak again.
In the production of Antimirs, Vladimir appeared at least five times and participated in all general musical numbers. Especially for Vysotsky, Andrei Voznesensky wrote the poem “Akyn’s Song,” which was first performed as a song from the stage of the Taganka Theater. Subsequently, the artist will perform “Akyn’s Song” at each of his concerts.
Vladimir Vysotsky – Akyn's Song
An instant classic, the grotesque play, based on John Reed's book of the same name, 10 Days That Shook the World, was first performed in 1965. In it, Vysotsky played in several interludes, playing the roles of Alexander Kerensky, a soldier, a sailor sentry, a young daring anarchist and others. It was thanks to this production that Vysotsky gained fame as an original singer; many people came to the performance only to hear his extraordinary voice, which was once rejected by the teachers of the Moscow Art Theater School.
In this performance, Vysotsky performed his song, which he specially wrote for the role of a white officer, and began with the lines “The crown is scattered into pieces, there is no power, there is no throne.” His hysterical, hoarse voice desperately thirsted for truth, not retribution, and expressed doom: both social and human. The lyrics of the song, like most of the actor’s poems, remain topical today.
Fragment of the play “10 Days That Shook the World”
Both the role of Galileo and the role of the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky, which Vysotsky played for many years on the stage of the Taganka Theater, are considered significant. Many researchers recognize the role of Hamlet as the best of all his theatrical roles, and some critics call his Hamlet the best of all Hamlets ever played.
When asked why he entrusted the role of Hamlet to Vysotsky, Yuri Lyubimov often answered that he was sure that Vysotsky, like no one else, would be able to express the complex set of personal spiritual, philosophical and universal problems that Shakespeare generously endowed with his hero. The director said these words after Vysotsky’s death, but another interview with Lyubimov is also known, in which he said that the artist literally begged for this role, and at the first rehearsals Yuri got the impression that Vladimir did not understand the concept of the role of Hamlet and did not realize what he was doing on the stage.
Hamlet's monologue performed by Vysotsky
The explanation for such different statements by Lyubimov is very simple: only in the course of working on the role did Vysotsky, who had previously been far from religion and faith, begin to deeply understand the questions that tormented Hamlet’s soul. In addition, the director initially had a difficult relationship with Vysotsky: Lyubimov knew from the very beginning about the artist’s unhealthy addictions, but was never able to influence him.
Vladimir Semyonovich himself called the production “Fallen and Living,” dedicated to the memory of poets and writers who participated in the Great Patriotic War, his favorite performance. Patriotic War. Listening to Vysotsky furiously reading from the stage the poems of Mikhail Kulchitsky and Semyon Gudzenko, whose roles he played, the audience could not contain their emotions; It seemed to them that the poets who died in the war were speaking to them in the artist’s voice from the stage. It is believed that it was his participation in the play “Fallen and Living” that prompted Vysotsky to write a cycle of poems and songs about the Great Patriotic War.
Over the fifteen years of work at the Taganka Theater, Vladimir Semyonovich played in fourteen productions, enlivening each role with the breath of his soul. It is impossible to imagine Vysotsky in another theater or outside the theater; according to Yuri Lyubimov, once he came to the Taganka theater, he stayed in it forever and became part of it.
Film roles
Vysotsky’s personal contribution to the development of cinema cannot be overestimated; he was and remains a cultural phenomenon that has not lost its relevance. He first appeared on screen as a student at the Moscow Art Theater School. The young artist played a small role in the 1959 film “Peers,” in which Lydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina, Vladimir Kostin and Lyudmila Krylova played. Over the next few years, he played in the films “The Career of Dima Gorin”, “Shore Leave”, “Penalty Kick” and “The Cook”. 
The first wave of fame in the role of a film artist gave Vysotsky the film “Vertical” by two young directors Stanislav Govorukhin and Boris Durov. In the story about a group of climbers preparing to conquer another height, Vysotsky played the role of a signalman who hid a warning from his comrades about the approaching thunderstorm cyclone.
In this poignant film, Vladimir played in the company of Larisa Luzhina, Margarita Kosheleva and Alexander Fadeev, in which his songs “This is not a plain for you”, “Farewell to the Mountains” and “Song about a Friend”, which immediately became popularly loved, were performed for the first time, which can be compared with "Chanson pour l'Auvergnat", the legendary composition of Georges Brassens.
Vladimir Vysotsky – Song about a friend (from the film “Vertical”)
In Kira Muratova’s debut film “Brief Encounters” (1967), Vladimir Vysotsky played the romantic, but at the same time courageous geologist Maxim, and the artist’s next significant role was the role of the leader of the underground Bolshevik group Andrei Zharkov in the film “Intervention”, in which he collaborated with Valery Zolotukhin , Efim Kopelyan, Valentin Gaft and Olga Aroseva.
Bright and daring, the film is revolutionary not only for its time, but also for the present; it is an extraordinary phenomenon in Russian cinema. Director Gennady Poloka did not exploit buff aesthetics to influence the audience, but used it to create the desired tragic atmosphere, radically different from the patriotic-poster atmosphere to which Soviet citizens were accustomed. It was precisely because of its revolutionary audacity that the film was released on screen only many years later, during the perestroika years. Vysotsky’s performance and the death of his character came as a shock to the audience and added a tragic note to the film.
Released earlier than the film “Intervention,” the musical drama “Dangerous Tours” (1969) also became a striking event in the cultural space. The artist wrote several songs especially for this film, including “Bengalsky’s Couplet”, “Ballad of Flowers, Trees and Millionaires” and “Romance”. The image of chansonnier Georges Bengalsky has many similarities with the role of Andrei Zharkov, which he played in the film “Intervention”. Vysotsky’s performance amazes the audience with its naturalism, which is explained not only by his unique dramatic gift, but also by his deep understanding of the tragic fate of his characters. Together with Vladimir Semyonovich, Lionella Pyryeva, Georgy Yumatov, Bronislav Brundukov played in this film.
Vysotsky – Bengalsky’s Couplets (“Dangerous Tours”)
The artist brilliantly embodied the image of a White Guard officer in the film “Two Comrades Served” (1968) by director Evgeny Karelov. Vysotsky’s hero is not at all tormented by a feeling of nostalgia; he is decisive and ready to consciously lose everything that is important to him. The artist’s partner in this film was Iya Savvina; Oleg Yankovsky, Anatoly Papanov and Rolan Bykov also starred in the film.
In the film “Master of the Taiga” (1969), based on the detective work of Boris Mozhaev, Vysotsky plays the role of an artel foreman involved in a robbery. The role of the policeman who unraveled this case was played by Vysotsky’s best friend, Valery Zolotukhin.
Vysotsky’s hero also faces a difficult moral choice in the film “The Fourth” (1973), based on the play by Konstantin Simonov. The artist was able to brilliantly embody the image of a weak person, in which only a spark of decency glimmers. The role of a journalist who accidentally learns dangerous information and is not ready to act according to his conscience is considered one of the most difficult in Vysotsky’s filmography. Other roles in this film were played by Juozas Budraitis, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan and Margarita Terekhova.
The images embodied by Vysotsky on the screen forever remained in the memory of millions of people; during his cinematic career he managed to play many roles, but Vysotsky’s most beloved movie character for millions of people was, of course, Gleb Zheglov in the 1979 serial film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed” directed by Stanislav Govorukhin, based on the work of the Weiner brothers “The Era of Mercy”.
Despite the fact that Zheglov literary work A very young, twenty-five-year-old man, Govorukhin did not see anyone other than Vysotsky in this role, and rewrote the script, taking into account the age of the artist, who was already forty at the time of filming.
Meeting place can not be Changed. Fragment
The image of Volodya Sharapov on the screen was embodied by Vladimir Konkin, Sergei Yursky, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Leonid Kuravlev, Larisa Udovichenko and Viktor Pavlov also played in the film. The role of Captain Zheglov is the last in Vysotsky’s filmography; the actor died two years after the release of the film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed.”
Poems, songs and prose
Vladimir wrote his first poem in the year of Joseph Stalin's death, in 1953. The poem “My Oath” was preserved thanks to his mother, who published it in the wall newspaper of the government institution where she served.Vladimir learned to play the guitar, received as a gift from his parents for his seventeenth birthday. At first, his repertoire consisted of yard songs and so-called thieves, in which researchers of the poet’s work do not see anything strange. The generation of Moscow intellectuals, brought up in the post-war years, passed prison creativity through their cultural baggage, romanticizing it.
Poems and monologues by Vladimir Vysotsky
Some researchers claim that Vysotsky began writing songs under the influence of the work of Bulat Okudzhava. As a poet, Vladimir Semyonovich did not receive the recognition that overtook him after his death, but now his works are published in huge editions, some of them are included in the school curriculum.
Poems, as well as Vysotsky’s songs, are among those extremely rare phenomena that come from the soul of the Russian people and penetrate the consciousness of every person, becoming family to them. But during his lifetime, Vysotsky was upset that his poems were refused to be published, and he did not agree on principle to the edits proposed by the editors.
In 1975, the poem “The Wait Lasted...” was published in the collection “Poetry Day,” which became the only lifetime publication of a poem by Vysotsky in the Soviet Union, and in France, in the late 70s, about two hundred poems by Vladimir Vysotsky were published by the YMCA publishing house -Press", they were included in the collection "Songs of Russian Bards".
Vladimir Vysotsky - I don't like...
The literary heritage of Vladimir Vysotsky includes more than 200 poems and approximately 600 songs. Vladimir Semyonovich also wrote several stories and scripts and the work “A Novel about Girls,” which was discovered in the poet’s personal documents after his death.
Personal life of Vladimir Vysotsky
Vysotsky met Isolda Zhukova, who was destined to become his first wife, while studying at the Moscow Art Theater School. They played together in a student play, but even after rehearsals ended, Vladimir was always nearby. Isolde was in her last year of study, Volodya was in her third year. She was already married, but the status of her lover did not bother Vysotsky. He moved Isolde to a communal apartment on First Meshchanskaya Street. When she graduated from university and entered the theater. Lesya Ukrainka in Kyiv, then met Vladimir’s grandmother and charmed her.Life with Volodya was easy and sunny, despite the fact that we lived unsettled, “behind a screen,” without money.
A year later, Isolde returned to Moscow, and Vysotsky received his diploma. They immediately take the applications to the registry office. On April 25, 1960, a simple but cheerful and friendly wedding took place. Soon Iza realized that she was expecting a child. Unexpectedly, Vysotsky’s mother took the news with hostility. Due to stress amid a scandal with her mother-in-law, the girl had a miscarriage. 
The relationship has deteriorated. At this time, Isolde received an offer from the theater in Rostov-on-Don and accepted it. Vladimir went to see his wife, but the feelings were no longer the same. When Iza heard rumors that actress Lyudmila Abramova was expecting Vysotsky’s child, she decided everything for herself. In 1965, the couple divorced. Isolde kept her husband's surname. Her son Gleb, born from another man, bears this surname. Isolda Vysotskaya died in 2018
Close people remember Vladimir Vysotsky
Vladimir Vysotsky and VGIK student Lyudmila Abramova starred together in the drama “The 713th Requests Landing.” The first impression of her future husband was unpleasant: at the entrance to the hotel where Lyudmila, who had recently experienced the tragic death of a young man in love with her, for which she blamed only herself, was staying, the actress saw an unshaven and clearly drunk man in a bloody shirt. From the very first sentence, the stranger began asking to borrow money - he broke dishes in a hotel restaurant, and there was nothing to pay with.
Lyudmila gave the man a ring with an amethyst, a family heirloom. And an hour later, the stranger was already banging on the door of her hotel room and, without waiting for it to be opened, he knocked it down, entered the room with champagne in his hands and proposed marriage to Lyudmila. And she agreed, because on the grave of the boy who was in love with her, she vowed to marry the first one who proposed. “If I had told him yes, he would be alive...” Abramova reproached herself.
Well, it soon became clear that he and the unkempt stranger were playing together in the same film. Lyudmila was delighted with the young man’s talent and the depth of his voice. A romance began between the actors, which was not prevented by the fact that Vysotsky had an official wife. But they got married only in 1965, when Lyudmila and Vladimir’s youngest son, Nikita, turned one year old. The eldest Arkady is already two and a half.
The marriage turned out to be short. In 1968, Vladimir and Lyudmila filed for divorce. Even at the beginning of the relationship, Lyudmila was warned that Vysotsky was not distinguished by fidelity. But she couldn’t believe it for a long time, because even after the birth of children he showed himself to be loving husband, caring father.
In 1967, Vysotsky met Marina Vladi. Lyudmila saw that her husband was moving away every day, and soon filed for divorce. However, the bard’s next wife (albeit a civilian one) was not Vladi, but actress Tatyana Ivanenko, a fragile woman similar to Brigitte Bardot, with whom fate brought him together at the Taganka Theater. The poet's friends note that of all the relationships, these were the most painful and confusing for him. Vladimir could not make a choice and rushed between Tatyana and Marina Vladi, causing pain to both himself and his women.
The love story of Vladimir Vysotsky and Lyudmila Abramova
On the last day of 1971, Tatyana Ivanenko gave birth to his daughter Anastasia. It is known that the poet did not experience joy when he learned that Tatyana was expecting a child; he was already married to Marina Vladi. Ivanenko wanted Vysotsky to recognize her daughter, but he did not. According to the recollections of the poet’s friends, the situation weighed heavily on him, and he often reproached himself for lack of character.
Anastasia received her father's patronymic and mother's surname. Growing up, she was never able to find a little compassion in her heart for her father and did not forgive him. She gave birth to a daughter, Arina Sakharova. The girl lives a modest life, without advertising that she is the granddaughter of Vladimir Vysotsky.
The poet dreamed of marrying a charming Frenchwoman with Russian roots even before his personal acquaintance, which occurred in the summer of 1967 during her visit to Moscow. Marina first saw Vysotsky on stage, where he played the role of Khlopushi in the production of “Pugachev”. After the performance, Vysotsky and Marina Vladi met in a restaurant, which was the beginning of their relationship. According to the actress’s recollections, Vysotsky gave the impression of a rustic and very ordinary guy, but when he picked up the guitar, she could no longer take her admiring eyes off him.
Soon after meeting the actress, Vysotsky wrote his very first and probably most beautiful poem about love, “The Crystal House,” which became a beautiful lyrical ballad, which he dedicated to his new lover. The relationship between Vysotsky and Vladi lasted 12 years
In total, the Russian poet and French actress were together for 12 years, but, as Marina said bitterly, the hours of happiness won from the distance that separated them were overshadowed by Vysotsky’s illness, the battle with which she lost. In addition, for the last two years of his life, the bard was in love with Oksana Afanasyeva, a student at the textile institute (later the wife of Leonid Yarmolnik).
Shortly before his death, Vysotsky spent three summer weeks in Paris, and, as the actress recalls, he once again tried to convince her that he could quit his addiction - morphine.
Last years of life and death
It is known that in recent days the poet felt extremely bad; doctors were next to him. It cannot be said with 100% certainty whether he suffered from drug addiction, but the fact that Vysotsky had problems with alcohol is not disputed by any of his friends and relatives. And the lines “I’m driving poison down my throat, into my veins” hint that drugs were still present in Vysotsky’s life.According to a common version, the bard became addicted to morphine in the mid-70s, when he suffered from severe pain in the kidneys. According to other sources, he was being taken out of a severe binge. Vladimir saw injections as a way to get rid of alcohol addiction, not suspecting that his new method of oblivion was much more dangerous than alcohol.
On July 25, 1979, Vysotsky experienced clinical death during filming in Bukhara. This was not the first time he “died”; ten years earlier, he had already experienced clinical death due to a vessel bursting in his throat. This time he unsuccessfully injected a painkiller into a vein, the name of which we do not give for ethical reasons. He did not know that the ampoule did not contain morphine.
Vladimir survived. He realized that he needed treatment, but it was too late. Nothing helped: neither painful blood purification, nor an escape from civilization into a French bear corner with Marina Vladi. There was no way to overcome the addiction.
In the USSR, due to the approaching Olympics, morphine was not available, so the poet used an available analogue - vodka, sometimes diluting it with cocaine. On July 14, 1980, Vladimir Semyonovich gave his last concert, and on July 18, he appeared on the stage of the Taganka Theater for the last time to play Hamlet.
Vladimir Semyonovich’s heart stopped on the night of July 24-25, 1980, at approximately three o’clock in the morning.
The poet died in his apartment on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street in Moscow. According to the official version, Vladimir Semyonovich died from acute heart failure, which could indeed have been the result of many years of alcoholism, as well as overwork and stress.At the insistence of Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky, an autopsy of his son’s body was not performed, which, in fact, became the reason for the emergence of several versions, among which the most common are heart failure and alcohol intake in combination with sedatives.
The death of the poet became a personal grief for citizens of the entire Soviet Union, but even decades later, the circumstances of the death of Vladimir Vysotsky remain unclear, which gives rise to various assumptions, including murder.
Yuri Lyubimov said that Vysotsky felt so keenly and lived so quickly that he actually burned out from the emotional fire that he tried to throw out in his poems and songs.
Like many poets, Vysotsky had a presentiment of his imminent death; in one of his last poems he wrote the lines:
I am less than half a century old - forty-something,
I am alive, for twelve years you and the Lord will protect you.
I have something to sing when I appear before the Almighty,
I have something to justify to him...
Vladimir Semyonovich meant the number of years in total he was with Marina Vladi.Vladimir's funeral took place on July 28, 1980; those who came to say goodbye to the poet filled the streets of the capital, where the Summer Olympic Games were taking place on those days. Later, Marina Vladi will say that she, who saw the funerals of the kings, did not expect so many people who considered it their duty to come to say goodbye to Vladimir Vysotsky.
Nikita Vladimirovich says that he will never be able to forget the day of his father’s funeral, there were so many people in whose eyes the grief of loss was visible. As the poet’s son notes, despite the fact that there were an incredibly huge number of people who came to say goodbye, there was no crush or scandals. In most flower shops in Moscow there were no flowers left on that day, people bought them all, and the line to the coffin with the poet’s body stretched for 9 kilometers.
The poet was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery, his grave is located at the entrance on the right and all year round buried in flowers. The monument, opened in the fall of 1985, was created by sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov. On the monument, the poet is depicted trying to escape from the shackles that entangled his body. According to Mikhail Shemyakin, which, of course, is shared by all Vysotsky’s friends, the monument cannot convey all the inner strength of the poet, but reflects his desire for freedom and symbolizes a flight interrupted too early.
Seven years after Vysotsky’s death, the actress published the book “Vladimir, or Interrupted Flight,” the presentation of which took place in Paris, at the Globe bookstore. Vladi built her story on the contrast that supposedly existed between her and Vysotsky, focusing not only on his alcoholism, but also on drug addiction, from which, in her opinion, he died.
Friends and close acquaintances of Vysotsky greeted Vladi’s revelations negatively, many of them called the book a fiction and even an attempt to denigrate the poet’s memory. Among those who openly spoke out against the book of the famous Frenchwoman were Mikhail Shemyakin, Rolan Bykov and the poet’s mother Nina Vysotskaya.
The Vysotsky phenomenon
The phenomenon of Vladimir Vysotsky is studied by many researchers, and the reasons for his popularity are the unusual voice that penetrates the hearts of listeners, the depth of his poems, the uniqueness of his rhymes, and, of course, the energy that literally subjugated the people who came to his performances. However, the feeling that possesses everyone who was lucky enough to once touch Vysotsky’s work cannot be called popularity, because it is not popularity, it is unconditional acceptance and unconditional love, and, as we know, no one has yet been able to unravel the secret of love. It is precisely the love for the work of the poet and artist that constitutes the sociocultural phenomenon that, for several decades now, has united people of different ages, different origins, incomes and education.The poet's friends are sure that he showed admiration for the mentioned historical figures not because he was a product of the Soviet system, but because he was, first of all, a patriot. If Vladimir Vysotsky lived today, those who had the good fortune to know him personally are sure, he would say the same thing now, that is, he would act as his heart told him. When assessing the influence that the work of Vladimir Vysotsky had, one cannot limit ourselves only to the cultural aspect; this phenomenon is much broader, it lives in the heart of every Russian and unites us, being part of the genetic code.
Vysotsky Vladimir Semenovich was born in Moscow in 1938, on January 25. He died here on July 25, 1980. This talented person is an outstanding poet of the USSR, as well as an actor and singer, author of several works in prose, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (posthumously, since 1986). He also received the USSR State Prize (also posthumously, in 1987). Vysotsky’s work and biography will be presented in this article.
As an actor, he participated in 30 films, including “Little Tragedies,” “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed,” “Vertical,” “Master of the Taiga,” “Brief Encounters.” Vladimir Semenovich was a member of the troupe, constantly performing at the Moscow Drama and Comedy Theater, located on Taganka.Vysotsky's work will be discussed in more detail below.
Family of Vladimir Semenovich
His father is Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky (years of life - 1916-1997). He is a native of Kyiv, a WWII veteran, a military signalman, a colonel. Nina Maksimovna (years of life - 1912-2003) - the mother of the poet, by profession she is a translator into Russian from German. Uncle of Vladimir Semenovich - Alexey Vladimirovich (years of life - 1919-1977). This man is a writer, participated in the Second World War, and was awarded three Orders of the Red Banner.
Where does the Vysotsky family come from?
Researchers currently agree that the place where the Vysotsky family originated can be considered the Grodno province, Pruzhany district, the town of Selets (now it is Belarus, Brest region). Probably, the surname was associated with the name of one of the settlements in the Brest region, the Kamenets district (the city of Vysokoye).
Childhood of the future artist
Vladimir spent his early childhood in a communal apartment in Moscow, located on 1st Meshchanskaya Street. In 1975, he wrote about this period of his life that families had only one latrine for 38 rooms. In 1941-1943, he lived in the village of Vorontsovka in evacuation with his mother. This settlement was located 20 kilometers from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, located in the Chkalov region (now Orenburg region). In 1943, the future poet returned to 1st Meshchanskaya Street (renamed “Prospekt Mira” in 1957). In 1945, he went to first grade in one of the Moscow schools.
In 1947, some time after his parents divorced, Vladimir and whose work is presented in this article, moved in with his father and his second wife (Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova). They lived in 1947-1949 in Germany, in the city of Eberswalde, where their father served. Here Vysotsky learned to play the piano. His life and work, however, took place mainly in Moscow.
He returned to the capital in 1949, in October, and went to boys’ school No. 186 here, in fifth grade. The Vysotsky family at that time lived in Bolshoi Karetny Lane, in house number 15 (now you can see a memorial plaque on this building).
The beginning of an artistic career
Since 1953, Vysotsky attended a drama club in the Teacher’s House, led by V. Bogomolov, an artist of the Moscow Art Theater. Vladimir graduated from school No. 186 in 1955 and, at the insistence of his relatives, entered the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering, mechanical engineering department. He left there after the first semester.
This decision was made on New Year's Eve (from 12/31/1955 to 01/01/1956). Together with Igor Kokhanovsky, a school friend, Vysotsky made drawings, without which they would not have been allowed to attend the session. The task was completed around two o'clock in the morning. But suddenly Vladimir stood up and began pouring ink (remains of brewed coffee - according to another version) over his drawing. He decided to prepare to enter the theater school, because he decided that the mechanical faculty was not for him.
Study at the Moscow Art Theater
From 1956 to 1960, Vladimir Semenovich was a student at the Moscow Art Theater, acting department. He studied with Vershilov, after which with Komissarov and Massalsky. Vysotsky met Iza Zhukova in his first year. He married this girl in the spring of 1960.
First work in the theater
His first work in the theater was in 1959 (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in a play called “Crime and Punishment”). At the same time, Vysotsky received his first episodic film role (student Petya in the film "Peers"). The first mention of him in print took place in 1960. It was an article “Nineteen from the Moscow Art Theater” by L. Sergeev.
Vladimir Semenovich worked in 1960-1964 at the Moscow Drama Theater. Pushkin (with breaks). He played the role of Leshy in the play (based on Aksakov’s work), in addition, about 10 more roles, most of which were episodic.
On the set of a film called “The 713th Requests Landing” in 1961, Vladimir Semenovich met Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife. The marriage was officially registered in 1965.
First musical works
Vysotsky's musical creativity dates back to the 60s. The earliest song is considered to be “Tattoo”, written in Leningrad in 1961. Vladimir Semenovich himself repeatedly called her such.
But there is another one, called "49 days", which dates back to 1960. The author's attitude towards this song was very critical. It was given a caption in the autograph, in which it was called a manual for hacks, “beginners and completes.” At the end it was explained that poems on any topical topic could be made in the same way. Despite the fact that the author himself excluded this song from his work, considering “Tattoo” to be the first, the soundtracks of the performances of “49 Days” are known, and they date back to 1964-1967.
Mature creativity
Vysotsky’s songwriting, together with acting, later became Vladimir Semenovich’s work of life. After working at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures for less than two months, he made unsuccessful attempts to enter Sovremennik. In 1964, Vysotsky created the first songs for films, and also entered the Taganka Theater, where he worked until the end of his life.
Vladimir Semenovich met in 1967, in July, Marina Vladi, a French actress (Polyakova Marina Vladimirovna), who became his third wife in 1970, in December.
Clinical death
Vysotsky sent a letter in 1968 to Russia regarding the harsh criticism of his early songs in national newspapers. At the same time, his first gramophone record, entitled “Songs from the film “Vertical””, was released. The actor had a life in the summer of 1969. He survived then only thanks to Marina Vladi. At this time she was in Moscow. The girl heard groans as she passed the bathroom and saw that Vladimir Semenovich was bleeding from his throat.
The doctors, fortunately, brought him to the Sklifosovsky Institute on time. He wouldn't have survived if there had been a few more minutes of delay. Doctors fought for 18 hours for the life of this actor. Rumors have already spread throughout Moscow about his death.
In 1972, on June 15, a program called “The Guy from Taganka” was shown on Estonian television. This is how Vysotsky first appeared on Soviet television, not counting the films in which he participated.
He settled in 1975 on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, in a cooperative apartment. The exhibition hall of the committee of graphic artists was located in the basement of this building. Exhibitions of various nonconformists have been held here since 1977. The actor visited them regularly.
For the first and last time in the same year, a poem was published during his lifetime, which marked the work of Vladimir Vysotsky, in a literary and artistic collection called “Poetry Day”. It was called "From a travel diary."
Vysotsky’s creativity flourished in the 1970s. In 1978, on February 13, by order of the Ministry of Culture, this artist was awarded the highest category of pop soloist-vocalist. After this, he earned official recognition as a professional singer. The work of Vladimir Vysotsky was finally appreciated.
Usually his songs are classified as bard compositions, but a reservation should be made. Their manner of performance and theme were very different from many other so-called intelligent bards. Vladimir Semenovich, in addition, had a rather negative attitude towards amateur song clubs. Unlike many bards of the USSR, he was also a professional actor, so his work cannot for this reason be attributed to amateur performances. The compositions touched on many topics. Among his songs are love lyrics, ballads, and criminal songs, as well as songs written on political themes, humorous ones, and fairy tale songs. Many subsequently began to be called monologues, since they were written in the first person. This is Vysotsky’s song creativity, briefly described.
Vladimir Semenovich recorded on television in 1978, and participated the following year in the publication of an almanac called "Metropol".
In Paris in the 1970s, Vladimir Semenovich meets Alyosha Dmitrievich, a gypsy artist and musician. They repeatedly performed romances and songs together, and even planned to release a record, but in 1980 Vysotsky died, so this project did not materialize.
Touring abroad
Vladimir Semenovich, together with the troupe of the Taganka Theater, went abroad on tour - to Poland, Germany, France, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria. He also managed to visit the USA several times, received permission to go on a private visit to France to his wife, and visited Tahiti and Canada. He gave more than a thousand concerts abroad and in the USSR.
On central television in 1980, January 22, Vysotsky was recorded in the Kinopanorama program. Its fragments will be shown for the first time in January 1981, and only in 1987 will it be released in its entirety.
Last days, death of Vysotsky
The performance at the Lyubertsy Palace of Culture (not far from Moscow) took place in 1980, on July 3. According to eyewitnesses, the musician looked unhealthy. He himself admitted that he was not feeling well, but he remained cheerful, playing a two-hour concert instead of the planned hour and a half. This love for the stage is all about Vladimir Vysotsky. His creativity and fate were still approaching the inevitable finale.
One of the last performances took place in the same year, on June 22, in the city of Kaliningrad. During it, Vysotsky again felt ill. Speaking at NIIEM (Moscow) on July 14, he performed one of his last songs entitled “My sadness, my longing...”. In Kaliningrad (now Korolev) near Moscow, he held his last concert on July 16.
Vysotsky appeared for the last time at the Taganka Theater on July 18, in the role of Hamlet, the most famous of all his roles. These are the latest events that marked Vysotsky’s work.
Briefly about his death the following can be said. Vladimir Semenovich died on July 25 in his sleep, in a Moscow apartment. The exact cause of his death cannot be determined as no autopsy was performed. Several versions exist about this. Leonid Sulpovar and Stanislav Shcherbakov say that the artist died from suffocation, asphyxia as a result of excessive use of sedatives (alcohol and morphine). However, Igor Elkis refutes this version.
Artist's funeral
Vysotsky was buried on July 28. The actor died during the Olympic Games in Moscow. In anticipation of this event, the city was completely closed to the entry of non-residents. It was flooded with police. There were practically no reports of death in the Soviet media at this time. Despite all this, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater after Vysotsky’s death. She stayed there for several days. On the day of the funeral, the roofs of the buildings located around Taganskaya Square were filled with people. It seemed that all of Moscow was burying such a great man as Vladimir Vysotsky, whose biography and work continue to arouse great interest today.
Vysotsky's House of Creativity in Krasnodar
The house of creativity of this legendary artist in Krasnodar is located in the city center. Several rooms display personal belongings that belonged to the artist, as well as photographs taken during his studies at the Moscow Art Theater, and materials relating to various periods of his life. This artist is also located here. Entry is free. There is a bust of the artist in front of the building's façade. The life and work of Vladimir Vysotsky attracts many people here today. In the House of Creativity there is also the opportunity to watch films about it and take a tour, also completely free.
Vladimir Vysotsky became a legend of Soviet music, theater and cinema. Vysotsky's songs have become classics and undeniable eternal hits. His work is very difficult to classify, as he goes beyond and expands them. Vysotsky is usually referred to as bard music, but at the same time, his manner of performance and the themes of the texts were completely different from those accepted in the bard environment. The musician himself also disavowed this movement.
First channelChildhood and youth
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow in a huge communal apartment. The poet’s father is a bard and actor, a native of Kyiv, a veteran of the Second World War, and his mother is a translator-referent. When the war began, Vladimir Semenovich was only four years old, so his mother decided to leave with her son for the Orenburg region. Vysotsky lived there for about two years, and after the evacuation the family returned back to Moscow.
Two years after the end of the war, the parents separated. At the age of nine, Vladimir Vysotsky ended up in occupied post-war Germany, so his childhood cannot be called rosy, unlike his peers in the capital of the USSR. While in Germany, Volodya attended piano lessons. His mother remarried, and Vysotsky had a difficult relationship with his stepfather. His own father also married a second time, but the musician had a better relationship with his stepmother.
Kulichki.com The young poet returned to Moscow in 1949, settling with his father and his wife. It was there that Vysotsky met music, or rather, the cheerful youth of the 50s, who pushed him to sing. The first chords of Vladimir Semenovich are the motives of thieves’ romance, a popular trend for those whose childhood passed during the war. In the evenings, groups gathered to play songs about Kolyma, Vorkuta and Murka on the guitar. Then Vladimir Vysotsky began a serious affair with the guitar.
At the age of 10, Vladimir Semenovich began attending a drama club. Then he still did not quite understand that his future belonged to the theater. After graduating from school, Vysotsky entered a Moscow construction school, but six months later he realized that he was in the “wrong place” and left the educational institution.
Humus.livejournal.com According to legend, Vladimir did this suddenly and quite eccentrically. The future actor and a classmate spent the entire New Year's Eve preparing for the session, making drawings, without which it was impossible to obtain admission to the exams. After several hours of painstaking work, the drawings were ready - and then Vysotsky grabbed a can of ink from the table and poured it onto his sheet. Vladimir realized that he could no longer be in this educational institution, and decided to spend the remaining six months preparing for the new admission.
After this, the young charismatic guy entered the Moscow Art Theater and three years later he made his debut on the theater stage in the educational play “Crime and Punishment.” Then Vladimir Semenovich played his first small role in the film “Peers”.
Theater
After graduating from the Moscow Art Theater School, Vysotsky went to work at the theater. Pushkin. Soon the actor went to the Theater of Miniatures, playing there in small episodes and extras, which did not cause much enthusiasm. There were also unsuccessful attempts to get into the Sovremennik Theater.
RIA News As a result, Vladimir Semenovich liked the Taganka Theater, where he worked until his death. Here Vysotsky tried on the images of Hamlet, Pugachev, Svidrigailov and Galileo. Together with the Taganka Theater, the actor toured a lot, he practically traveled all over the world, performed in France, Poland, Germany, Hungary and Bulgaria, was able to travel to the USA several times, visited Mexico, Canada and Tahiti.
Music
Vladimir Vysotsky wrote the lyrics to the songs himself. Vysotsky wrote his first poems while still at school. The young poet dedicated the poem “My Oath” to Stalin and in a lyrical manner mourned the death of the leader. Vysotsky himself calls the first song “Tattoo,” which was performed in Leningrad in 1961. This song began a cycle of yard, “thieves” works in the poet’s work.
Despite the artist's statements, there is another song of his, dated a year earlier. This song is called "49 days". It is written about the feat of Russian soldiers who drifted across the Pacific Ocean. The poems were dedicated to a noble theme, but this did not make Vysotsky fall in love with his creation. He called this song a manual for hacks and spoke very negatively about it. According to the author, you can compose many such poems by simply opening the current events section in any newspaper and rewriting the names. It was important for the poet to let creativity flow through himself, so he did not recognize the “hacky” song “49 Days.”
Vladimir Vysotsky drew his authorial inspiration from, whom he considered his mentor until the last day of his life. “Song of Truth and Lies” was dedicated specifically to him. The actor began writing music and lyrics in the 60s. The first listeners did not appreciate the musician’s “yard” motives, and Vysotsky himself did not particularly like them. As a musician, Vladimir Semenovich matured a little later. In 1965, the song “Submarine” became a sign that the early poet’s youthful work was over. Later, the actor wrote songs for films in which he starred and took an active part in their creation.
Rock Cult In 1968, the first gramophone record with Vysotsky’s original songs was released. It was a collection of his songs for the film “Vertical,” including “Song about a Friend,” which was first performed in this film and later became one of the musician’s calling cards.
In 1975, for the first time, and, as it turned out, for the last time, a poem by Vysotsky was published in an official Soviet collection. The verse “From Traffic” was lucky. In the same year, the musician recorded a new album “V. Vysotsky. Self-portrait." It was a large collection, with author's digressions before each song and accompaniment on three guitars. But the recording was only partially released and only after the death of the author.
In 1978, Vladimir Vysotsky received the highest category of pop vocalist. This showed that the Ministry of Culture recognizes Vysotsky’s work and is ready to recognize him as a professional performer.
TV Center In 1979, the musician toured a lot, he performed in New York and Toronto. Vysotsky’s songs impressed listeners so much that in law-abiding America in the same year, without the permission of the singer himself, a pirated recording of the concert was released with the order of the compositions mixed up.
In the same year, Vladimir Vysotsky took part in the creation of the famous samizdat almanac “Metropol”. It was an uncensored publication, a collection of texts by those authors who could not be published officially. A total of 12 copies were published, but someone was able to illegally take one of them to the USA, where the almanac was officially published.
Vysotsky continued to tour. In France, he met a gypsy musician, with whom he performed many songs and romances in a duet. The singers planned to record a record, but Vladimir did not have time to do this.
In the last years of his life, the artist did not stop giving concerts. He performed in Leningrad, Kaliningrad and Moscow, and continued to play Hamlet at the Taganka Theater.
The musician and poet's repertoire includes more than 600 songs, as well as about 200 poems. His concerts were attended by crowds of fans. The work of Vladimir Vysotsky remains relevant to this day. The musician gave more than one and a half thousand concerts around the world. During his lifetime, Vysotsky released 7 of his own albums and 11 collections of songs by other musicians performed by him.
It is almost impossible to create an accurate discography of all the albums and collections in which Vysotsky participated, since they were published in different countries, withdrawn from sale, and rewritten. After Vysotsky's death, his songs continued to be released on records.
Movies
In the biography of Vladimir Vysotsky, theater, cinema and music were equally intertwined. Vysotsky played his first episodic role in the film “Peers” while still studying at the Moscow Art Theater. But cinema truly discovered Vladimir Semenovich as an actor in 1961, after filming the film “Dima Gorin’s Career.” Then came “713 Requests Landing” and other films. But there were no main roles, Vysotsky began to abuse alcohol. This turned a lot of things around for the worse.
Serious success came only in 1967 with the release of the film “Vertical,” for which he wrote all the songs. The whole country immediately learned about Vysotsky, both as an actor and as a musician.
Vysotsky's songs were criticized by the CPSU Central Committee and the subordinate press. Vysotsky could not ignore this, and after caustic articles on the topic that Vysotsky sings about, he sent a letter to the Central Committee, where he called this criticism harsh and unsubstantiated.
The idol of millions, Vladimir Vysotsky, became despised by the Soviet regime. He was often denied roles and his songs were not aired, so throughout the 70s the actor did little filming. At the Taganka Theater he was either fired for drunkenness, then again approved for the main roles. Vysotsky almost died several times due to a weak heart, overwork and prolonged binges. But at the same time, it was during this period that Vysotsky played his Hamlet, which was remembered by millions. Vladimir embodied the most complex and attractive role in his own special manner and with infinite talent.
An Estonian program dedicated to Vysotsky, “The Guy from Taganka,” was released on television. This was the artist's first appearance on television other than in a feature film. A lot has been written and filmed about the actor. An article about him was published in the Theater magazine, and later Vysotsky was invited to perform on a French television channel, where he performed his biographical “Ballad of Love.” But not a single interview or concert of Vladimir Vysotsky was shown on Central Television during his lifetime. Sometimes there were attempts to record interviews for Central Television. For example, Vysotsky talked with Valery Perevozchikov, but subsequently the film with the transfer was washed away, leaving nothing except a small final fragment for a few minutes.
A landmark role for Vladimir Vysotsky was his work in the multi-part film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed,” where the actor played “his” favorite hero, Gleb Zheglov, and also acted as a director. In this film, Vladimir Semenovich’s songs are not heard, although he initially expressed such a desire. Then the director was against such creativity, since, in his opinion, the charismatic Vysotsky could overshadow the image of his hero.
Vladimir Vysotsky really wanted to star in the American film “Reds”. He recorded a video message to Warren Beatty, who was to direct the film. But the recording never reached the United States.
Personal life
When Vladimir Semenovich was a first-year student at the Moscow Art Theater, he met a fellow student who eventually became his first wife in 1960. The marriage did not last long, the couple often quarreled and, without living together for a year, they divorced.
She became the actor's second wife. They met a year after Vladimir Semenovich’s divorce from his first wife. In this marriage, Abramova gave the musician two children, which could not save the family, and already in 1968 the couple also separated. Both of Vysotsky’s sons subsequently also became artists and connected their lives with cinema. The youngest son, manages the State Cultural Center-Museum of V.S. Vysotsky.
Woman.ru For the third time, Vysotsky married, whom he first saw in the film “The Witch” and immediately fell in love with the actress. For many years, the musician dreamed of a beautiful woman, reviewing the film with her participation. Their acquaintance finally happened. Once, after watching the play, Vysotsky visited the restaurant where Vladi was relaxing. Then the man went straight to her, took her hand and did not take his eyes off Marina for a long time. In 1970, Vladi and Vysotsky got married.
Vladimir Vysotsky’s personal life was then turned upside down, and his old dream came true. This went on for 10 years, until the musician’s death. During this period, Marina Vladi remained for the actor not only his beloved woman, support, but also his main muse.
Bright Side But in this family everything was not so smooth. Vysotsky had a scandalous reputation; there were many rumors about him and his women. Already in our time in the biography “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive” tells about the artist’s romance with a certain Tatyana Ivleva in the last years of his life. A girl with that name never existed, but this does not mean that the famous musician was slandered and attributed married man non-existent love on the side.
Vysotsky’s last love was student Oksana Afanasyeva. He fell in love by chance and at first sight. As Oksana later said, he became her first and, probably, only true love. The difference between the lovers was more than 20 years. Oksana was the daughter of a famous writer, so she did not feel any awe of famous personalities; she was much more afraid that for a popular musician with a reputation as an alcoholic and a womanizer, she would become only entertainment. But these were real feelings with tender courtship and admiration.
Woman.ru Vysotsky’s wife at that time lived her life in Paris, but knew about her husband’s mistress. Oksana even moved into Vladimir’s apartment; she knew that he was married, but she perceived it as something distant and unimportant. The musician cheated on her too. Vladimir Vysotsky did not hide his relationship and openly introduced the girl to his friends and colleagues.
Death
Vladimir Vysotsky, despite his confident appearance and tall stature, was not in good health. It is difficult to say whether there were innate prerequisites for this or whether the artist’s penchant for alcohol played a role. Vysotsky smoked a pack of cigarettes a day and was dependent on alcohol for many years. He was creative personality, but his works were constantly criticized, suppressed and postponed. With all this, he helped many of his famous friends quit or at least get coded. He caught them around the city during periods of exacerbation, persuaded them, and gave them pills that Marina had brought from France. So he pulled out at least Dahl and Livanov. Many acquaintances of the musician claim that in the last years of his life, Vysotsky himself stopped drinking alcohol.
HitGid However, for a long time Vysotsky had problems with his heart and breathing.
The first serious attack occurred in 1969. Vysotsky’s throat began to bleed; his frightened wife called an ambulance. At first, doctors even refused to hospitalize the musician, considering his case fatal, but Vladi blocked the door for them and threatened them with a diplomatic scandal. Vysotsky was saved by his wife’s persistence and the fact that doctors recognized the famous singer and actor. The operation lasted 18 hours.
Alcohol addiction had its consequences, causing kidney and heart disease. Doctors tried to fight particularly severe conditions with narcotic substances. It is unknown whether this became the cause of the addiction or whether the musician himself decided that drugs would help him give up alcohol and cope with his illness, but the fact remains: by the mid-70s, Vysotsky had developed a drug addiction. He constantly increased the doses of morphine and amphetamine; by 1977, Vysotsky could no longer live without daily drug use. At that time, the musician was already doomed, attempts at treatment had no effect, and Vysotsky was predicted to die within several years either from an overdose or from withdrawal.
ThePlaCe.ru In 1979 in Bukhara, Vysotsky may have experienced clinical death. Biographers are still arguing about this fact.
On July 25, 1980, Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky died suddenly. Death occurred in a dream in the apartment where the musician lived. The artist rushed around the room and told his mother that he knew that he would die that day. He fell asleep only after a sedative injection and died in his sleep.
At the request of his relatives, an autopsy was not performed, so the exact cause of Vysotsky’s death has not been established. According to several sources, it can be assumed that the poet, musician and talented actor died of myocardial infarction or asphyxia due to an overdose of sedatives.
Friends and his wife admitted that Vysotsky was killed by drugs, but indirectly, an overdose is never mentioned as the probable cause of death.
Russian Courier The death of Vladimir Vysotsky was practically not advertised in newspapers and on television. This happened not so much because he was a poet disliked by the authorities, but because of the very date of his death. Vysotsky died during the Summer Olympics in Moscow. No one wanted to spoil such a major international event with an obituary. The message about the actor’s death was posted in the box office window of the Taganka Theater, and almost instantly a huge crowd gathered around the theater. None of those who bought tickets for Vysotsky’s failed performances returned them.
Information about the funeral was actively hushed up, but it seemed that the whole city came to say goodbye to the musician. As Marina Vladi later described it, even kings were not buried this way. To get to the Vagankovskoye cemetery, the coffin with Vysotsky had to pass by the Kremlin. The official authorities tried to wash away the flowers and knock down the portrait so that it would not be visible who was being carried through the center of Moscow, but before that a quietly mourning crowd rose to defend the procession. People covered flowers with umbrellas and shouted at the police. Photos of this mess went around the world.
Russian Courier In order for the great musician to be buried near the entrance, the director of the cemetery had to sacrifice his position. Vysotsky’s grave was simply littered with flowers. Fans of the genius have not forgotten about him for many years. Until now, many admirers of Vysotsky visit his final resting place and leave flowers. In 1985, the standard tombstone was replaced by a monument to the musician. The statue echoes his song “monument” and depicts a man trying to escape from the stone shell and from the chains of creative canons.
Filmography
- Peers
- Career of Dima Gorin
- Living and dead
- War under the roofs
- Two comrades served
- Fourth
- Mr. McKinley's Escape
- Zodiac signs
- There are two of them
- Meeting place can not be Changed
Vladimir Vysotsky was realized as a poet in the genre of art song. Vladimir's early works date back to the 60s of the last century. At first they were performed by Vysotsky in a circle of close comrades, and later spread through tape recordings. Vysotsky’s songs were on various topics: street, courtyard, military, camp, etc.
Childhood, youth, training.
Vladimir was born in 1938 in Moscow into a military family. The early years of little Vysotsky’s childhood were spent in a cramped communal apartment. In 1941, his father was called up for military service, and with the advent of war, mother and son were evacuated to the Orenburg region, from where they came back to Moscow 2 years later. At that time, the marriage of Vysotsky’s father and mother was a big question. Parents' separation affected creative activity Vladimir. His feelings were reflected in the work “The Ballad of Childhood.”
In 1945, the boy Volodya went to school. The following year he began to live with his father and new wife Semyon Vysotsky.
A year later, Vladimir moved to Germany with his father’s new family, where he began to study music. One of his teachers believed that the boy had perfect pitch.
In 1949, the poet comes to Moscow.
In 1953, Vladimir met the actor Sabinin, thanks to whom he became a member of the theater group. Soon he wrote his first poetic work, “My Oath.”
After graduating from school in 1955, Vysotsky began his studies at the Institute of Civil Engineering. However, after some time he quits studying there in the hope of getting into the theater. The following year, the poet becomes a student at the Moscow Art Theater School-Studio.
Actor and musician.
After studying at the acting school, Vladimir begins creative work at the theater. Pushkin. A little later he writes the song “Tattoo”. In 1964 he became an actor at the Taganka Theater. Here Vysotsky plays in many performances, for example “The Life of Galileo” and “Pugachev”.
In addition, he becomes a film actor and writes songs for films.
Last years.
In 1978, Vladimir Vysotsky received the highest category of pop soloist. However, during this period, the poet becomes involved in drugs and begins to drink a lot. In 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky dies. The cause of death was heart failure.
While Vladimir Vysotsky was alive, his song works did not receive official recognition. On the contrary, they were persecuted by harsh criticism. Until 1981, no publication published a book of the poet’s texts. The censorship was lifted only after his death, and then only partially. The legalization of his work began only in 1986. Since then, the publication of Vysotsky's works began. Some researchers of his work assess Vysotsky as an important figure in shaping the views of Russian society.
Option 2
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow. His father was a military man, and his mother worked as a translator and assistant. During the war, Vladimir and his mother were forced to move to the Urals for two years, and then after evacuation they returned to the capital. But Vysotsky spent little time in Moscow. After being married for five years, the parents divorced. The father married again and moved with his son to occupied Germany, where Vysotsky began learning to play the piano, and his mother soon got married. Vladimir continued to communicate with both parents, but the future musician’s relationship with his stepfather did not work out, therefore, after leaving Germany in 1949, the young man settled in Moscow with his father’s family. In the capital, he became close to groups who sang songs with a guitar in the courtyards, and became interested in playing this instrument.
Already during his school years, Vysotsky began to show interest in the theater. He attended a drama club for some time, but did not yet know that acting would become a part of his life. After graduating from school, Vladimir Semenovich entered the Institute of Civil Engineering, but then realized that his destiny was to become an actor, and decided to apply to the Moscow Art Theater School-Studio. At the end of it, Vysotsky changed several Moscow theaters and even tried to get into the Sovremennik Theater. The heyday of his acting career occurred during his work at the Taganka Theater. Vysotsky dedicated 16 years to him: from 1964 until the last days of his life. At the Taganka Theater his talent was embodied in the images of Hamlet, Pugachev, Galileo, Svidrigailov.
Vladimir Semenovich wrote poetry from an early age, and in 1961, inspired by the example of Bulat Okudzhava, whom he considered his teacher, he set them to music. This is how Vysotsky’s first song appeared. The musician's legacy amounts to about 1000 songs. Among them are those that Vysotsky wrote for films. Vladimir Semyonovich received roles in thirty feature films. Despite his talent, people’s love and active creative activity, Vysotsky did not receive official recognition. His songs were distributed only on tapes, his poems were not published, and his concerts were banned. The poet’s wife, Marina Vladi, supported him in organizing a concert tour in the United States, and also introduced Vladimir Semenovich to famous actors and musicians in Europe.
Throughout his life, Vysotsky was passionate about cars. Marina Vladi often gave him cars, including the actor’s first foreign car, a Mercedes. Vysotsky loved to drive at high speed and often crashed his cars.
For many years, Vysotsky suffered from alcohol addiction and smoked at least a pack of cigarettes a day. This caused the musician to have heart and kidney problems. The situation was aggravated by the fact that doctors used narcotic substances to treat Vysotsky, which he later began to use regularly.
On July 25, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky was found dead in his apartment. The cause of his death is not known, since the poet’s relatives did not consent to the autopsy. According to one version, Vysotsky died due to asphyxia, according to another - from myocardial infarction.
Detailed biography
In winter, on January 25, 1939, the future great - poet, actor and performer of songs written by himself - Vladimir Vysotsky was born in Moscow. Takes 2nd place in the list of “Russian idols of the 20th century”, making a concession to Yuri Gagarin.
Childhood
Little Vova lived in a communal apartment with his father and mother: Semyon Vladimirovich and Nina Maksimovna. At the beginning of World War II, the boy was only 4 years old; during this period, his parents decided to divorce. Five years later, despite all the difficulties in life, Volodya is interested in and regularly practices music. A year later, he unexpectedly becomes interested in theater, as a result of which he begins to attend a theater club.
After school, the young man entered the Moscow Institute of Construction, but dropped out of school after some time, since there was no attraction to this activity. The craving for the theater takes over, and Vysotsky enters the Moscow Art Theater. After his first appearance on stage, the rest of his life was connected with the theater.
Vysotsky's creativity
Vladimir was interested in poetry even at school age, but began to create thoroughly in this area in the 60s. However, despite attracting people, he did not take his songs seriously. Every day, Vladimir Vysotsky gained popularity, performed at various concerts, received many awards, all the while managing to arrange his personal life. But he was in conflict with the USSR government. The authorities did everything to prevent the artist’s songs from being distributed.
As a result of great moral stress, Vysotsky began to drink, which caused another set of problems. But Vladimir coped well with all the difficulties, without ceasing to pursue his favorite hobbies. He wrote almost 600 songs and about 200 poems. In 1978, he was awarded the highest category of vocalist and pop soloist. Despite health problems, in the last years of his life, Vysotsky did not stop giving concerts in front of the public, while simultaneously performing in the theater.
Death of Vladimir Vysotsky
Vysotsky’s health was not all right. The use of drugs and alcoholic beverages did not go without a trace. In 1969, the first attack in his life occurred with serious consequences. A year later, he was diagnosed with a persistent drug addiction. And later it turned out that he couldn’t live without it even for a day.
On July 25, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky died, he was 42 years old. He had a presentiment of this, telling his family. The cause of his death is not clear, since they decided not to perform an autopsy, but his mother was sure that Vladimir was killed by narcotic substances.
Vladimir Semenovich died many years ago, but his memory still remains in our hearts.
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Vladimir Vysotsky
short biography
Origin
Researchers agree that the Vysotsky family comes from the town of Selets, Pruzhany district, Grodno province, now Brest region, Belarus. The surname is probably associated with the name of the city of Vysokoye, Kamenets district, Brest region.
Father- Semyon Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Vysotsky(1915-1997) - native of Kyiv, military signalman, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, holder of more than 20 orders and medals, honorary citizen of the cities of Kladno and Prague, colonel. Uncle - Alexey Vladimirovich Vysotsky (1919-1977) - writer, participant in the Great Patriotic War, artilleryman, holder of three Orders of the Red Banner, colonel. The poet's paternal grandfather, also Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (at birth Wolf Shliomovich) was born in 1889 in Brest (at that time Brest-Litovsk) in the family of a Russian language teacher. Later he moved to Kyiv. He had three higher educations: legal, economic and chemical. Died in 1962. Grandmother Daria Alekseevna (at birth Debora Evseevna Bronstein; 1891-1970) - nurse, cosmetologist. She loved her first grandson Volodya very much and in the last years of her life she was a passionate fan of his songs.
Mother- Nina Maksimovna(nee Seregina; 1912-2003). Graduated from Moscow Institute foreign languages, worked as a translator-referent of the German language in the foreign department of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, then as a guide at Intourist. In the first years of the war, she served in the transcription bureau at the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. She finished her career as the head of the technical documentation bureau at NIIkhimmash. Vysotsky's maternal grandfather, Maxim Ivanovich Seregin, came to Moscow at the age of 14 from the village of Ogareva, Tula province. He worked as a doorman in various Moscow hotels. He and his wife Evdokia Andreevna Sinotova there were five children, including Nina Maksimovna. She was born in 1912. After the early death of her parents, she began to live independently, raising her younger brother. She worked as a translator from German.
Childhood
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938, at 9:40 a.m. in Moscow in maternity hospital No. 8 of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow on 3rd Meshchanskaya street (now Shchepkina street, building 61/2; the building belongs to the M.F. Vladimirsky MONIKI, on There is a plaque attached to the building with the poet’s date of birth). He spent his early childhood in a Moscow communal apartment on 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126(the house was demolished in 1955, in its place a new one was built in 1956, whose address since 1957 is Mira Avenue, 76): “...There is only one restroom for 38 rooms...”- Vysotsky wrote in 1975 about his early childhood (“Ballad of Childhood”). During the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1943, he lived with his mother in evacuation in the village of Vorontsovka, 25 km from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, Chkalov (now Orenburg) region. In 1943 he returned to Moscow, to 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126. In 1945, Vysotsky went to the first grade of school 273 in the Rostokinsky district of Moscow. The former school building is located at Mira Avenue, 68 bldg.
After his parents' divorce in 1947, Vladimir moved to live with his father and his second Armenian wife Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova(nee Martirosova) (1918-1988), whom Vysotsky himself called “Mama Zhenya” and later was even baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church to emphasize his special attitude towards her. In 1947-1949, they lived in Eberswalde (Germany), at their father’s place of service, where young Volodya learned to play the piano (and also ride a bicycle).
In October 1949, he returned to Moscow and went to the 5th grade of men's secondary school No. 186 (currently there, according to Bolshoi Karetny Lane, 10a, the main building of the Russian Legal Academy of the Ministry of Justice is located). At this time, the Vysotsky family lived at Bolshoi Karetny Lane, 15, apt. 4. (A memorial plaque was installed on the house, made by Moscow architect Robert Rubenovich Gasparyan - the first, back in Soviet times, memorial plaque of a national idol). This lane is immortalized in his song « Bolshoy Karetny » .
In April 1952 he was admitted to the Komsomol.
The beginning of an acting career
Since 1953, Vysotsky attended the drama club in the Teacher's House, led by the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov. In 1955, he graduated from high school No. 186, and, at the insistence of his relatives, entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering. Kuibyshev, from which he left after the first semester.
From 1955 to 1963 Vysotsky lived with his mother, first at 1st Meshchanskaya 126, and then in the building built in 1956. in this place in a new building, on Mira Avenue 76, in apartment 62 on the fourth floor. Vladimir also spent a lot of time on Bolshoy Karetny in the company of friends. He dedicated epigrams to them. According to the memories of this time, in 1964. he wrote a song with the words “ After all, in Karetny Row the first house from the corner - / For friends, for friends"("Second Bolshoi Karetny").
One of the legends about Vladimir Vysotsky tells that the decision to leave MISS was made on New Year's Eve from 1955 to 1956. Together with Vysotsky’s school friend, Igor Kokhanovsky, it was decided to spend New Year’s Eve in a very unique manner - by completing the drawings, without which they would not have been allowed to attend the session. Somewhere around two o'clock in the morning the drawings were ready. But then, allegedly, Vysotsky stood up and, taking a jar of ink from the table (according to another version, with the remains of strong brewed coffee), began pouring its contents over his drawing. "All. I’ll prepare, I still have six months, I’ll try to enter the theater school. And this is not mine...” Vysotsky’s application for expulsion from the institute at his own request was signed on December 23, 1955.
From 1956 to 1960, Vysotsky was a student in the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. He studied with B.I. Vershilov, then with P.V. Massalsky and A.M. Komissarov. The year 1959 was marked by the first theatrical work (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the educational play “Crime and Punishment”) and the first film role (the film “Peers”, the episodic role of student Petit). In 1960, the first mention of Vysotsky occurred in the central press, in the article by L. Sergeev “19 from the Moscow Art Theater” (“Soviet Culture”, 1960, June 28).
While studying in his first year, V. Vysotsky met Iza Zhukova, whom he married in the spring of 1960.
In 1960-1964, Vysotsky worked (with interruptions) at the Moscow Drama Theater named after A. S. Pushkin. He played the role of Leshy in the play “The Scarlet Flower” based on the fairy tale by S.T. Aksakov, as well as about 10 other roles, mostly episodic.
In 1961, on the set of the film “The 713th Requests Landing,” he met Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife (the marriage was officially registered in 1965).
At the end of 1963, Vysotsky and his mother received an apartment on Shvernika street, building 11, building 4, apartment 41, where Vladimir and Lyudmila had their second son Nikita (the house was demolished during the reconstruction of microdistricts from five-story buildings in 1998). When the couple separated in 1968, the whole country already knew Vladimir Vysotsky from the songs from the movie “Vertical”, in which he starred.
The beginning of poetic activity
His first poem " My oath"Vysotsky wrote on March 8, 1953, as an 8th grade student. It was dedicated to the memory of Stalin. In it, the poet expressed a feeling of grief for the recently deceased leader.
In the early 1960s, Vysotsky’s first songs appeared. The song “Tattoo”, written in the summer of 1961 in Leningrad, is considered by many to be the first. Vysotsky himself repeatedly called her such. The song was first performed on July 27 of the same year, at the farewell to Vysotsky’s youth friend, Levon Kocharyan, in Sevastopol. This song marked the beginning of a cycle of “thieves” themes in the poet’s work.
However, there is a song " 49 days", dating from 1960, about the feat of four Soviet soldiers who drifted and survived in Pacific Ocean. The author’s own attitude towards the song was very critical: in the autograph it was given the subtitle “ A guide for beginners and complete hacks", with an explanation at the end that " can be written in the same way» poems on any topical topics. " You just need to take the names and sometimes read the newspapers" But, despite the fact that Vysotsky seemed to exclude this song from his work (calling “Tattoo” the first), phonograms of its performances in 1964-1969 are known.
Mature years
After working for less than two months at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures, Vladimir unsuccessfully tried to enter the Sovremennik Theater. In 1964, Vysotsky created his first songs for films and went to work at the Moscow Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater. Poetic and song creativity, along with work in theater and cinema, became the main work of his life. V.S. Vysotsky worked at the Taganka Theater until the end of his life, although his relationship with the theater director Yu.P. Lyubimov throughout this period was very difficult.
In July 1967, Vladimir Vysotsky met the French actress of Russian origin Marina Vladi (Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova), who became his third wife (December 1970).
In June 1968, Vysotsky sent a letter to the CPSU Central Committee in connection with harsh and unsubstantiated criticism of his early songs in central newspapers. In the same year, his first author’s gramophone record (flexible) “ Songs from the movie “Vertical”».
In the summer of 1969, Vysotsky had a severe attack, and then he survived only thanks to Marina Vladi, who was in Moscow at that time. Walking past the bathroom, she heard groans and saw that Vysotsky was bleeding from his throat. In her book “Vladimir, or Interrupted Flight,” Marina Vladi recalls:
You don't speak anymore, half-open eyes asking for help. I beg you to call an ambulance, your pulse has almost disappeared, I’m panicking. The reaction of the two arriving doctors and a nurse is simple and cruel: it’s too late, there’s too much risk, you’re not transportable. They don't want to have a dead person in the car, it's bad for the plan. From the confused faces of my friends, I understand that the doctors’ decision is irrevocable. Then I block their exit, shouting that if they don’t take you to the hospital right away, I will start an international scandal... They finally understand that the dying man is Vysotsky, and the disheveled and screaming woman is a French actress. After a short consultation, cursing, they carry you away on a blanket...
Marina Vladi
The doctors brought Vysotsky to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine on time; a few more minutes of delay and he would not have survived. Doctors fought for his life for 18 hours. It turned out that the cause of the bleeding was a burst vessel in his throat, but for some time there were rumors in theater circles about another serious illness.
From the spring of 1971 to 1975, Vysotsky lived in a three-room rented apartment in the Matveevskoye district of Moscow at st. Matveevskaya, 6, apt. 27. This apartment is associated with the recording of “Alice in Wonderland” and the singer’s creation of his own collection of recordings under the technical guidance of Konstantin Mustafidi. In the vicinity of Matveevsky, Vysotsky drove his first foreign car, a BMW.
On November 29, 1971, the premiere of the play “Hamlet” based on Shakespeare’s tragedy of the same name took place at the Taganka Theater (directed by Yu. P. Lyubimov), in which Vysotsky played the main role.
On June 15, 1972 at 22:50, a 56-minute black and white program was broadcast on Estonian television. Noormees Tagankalt"("The Guy from Taganka") - Vysotsky's first appearance on the Soviet television screen, not counting the films with his participation.
In 1975, Vysotsky settled in a three-room cooperative apartment with an area of 115 m², on the 8th floor of a newly built 14-story brick building at Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, 28, apartment 30.
In the same year, for the first and last time during his lifetime, Vysotsky’s poem was published in the Soviet literary and artistic collection (“Poetry Day 1975.” M., 1975) - “From a Road Diary.”
In September 1975, Vysotsky recorded a large record at the Balkanton company in Bulgaria. V. Vysotsky. Self-portrait" The recording was made at night, in Studio I of Radio Sofia. He was accompanied on the 2nd and 3rd guitars by Taganka Theater actors Dmitry Mezhevich and Vitaly Shapovalov. The performance of each song was accompanied by a short introduction by the author. The recording was partially released on a record by this company only in 1981, after the death of the poet.
On March 21, 1977, Vladimir Vysotsky took part in the program Restez donc avec nous le lundi on the French TV channel TF1. In the color recording of this performance (about 14 minutes long), he speaks a little French and performs two songs (“The Ballad of Love” and “Wolf Hunt”); and at the end he plays the guitar to the applause of those present in the studio.
On February 13, 1978, by order No. 103 of the Minister of Culture of the USSR, according to the entry in the artist’s certification certificate No. 17114, Vladimir Vysotsky was awarded the highest category pop vocalist, which was the official recognition of Vysotsky as a “professional singer.”
On October 4, 1978, during a tour in Grozny, Vysotsky signed up for the television of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (for the program “Theater Living Room”). In this black and white recording (lasting about 27 minutes) he talks about himself and his work; and performs 4 songs: “We rotate the Earth”, “Song about the transmigration of souls”, “I don’t love”, “Mass graves”. The video recording was not shown during the poet’s lifetime.
On January 17, 1979, Vladimir Vysotsky gave a big concert at Brooklyn College in New York. A shortened version of the recording of the performance with the order of songs performed in a broken order and without the permission of the author was published in the same year in the USA on 2 long-playing records (under the title “New York Concert of Vladimir Vysotsky”).
On April 12, 1979, the poet performed in Toronto (Canada). An abbreviated recording of this concert was published in the USA after Vysotsky’s death, in 1981, on the disc "Vladimir Vysotsky. Concert in Toronto"(English: Vladimir Vysotsky. Concert in Toronto).
In 1979, Vysotsky participated in the publication of the uncensored almanac Metropol.
In the 1970s, he met the gypsy musician and artist Alyosha Dmitrievich in Paris. They repeatedly performed songs and romances together and even planned to record a joint record, but did not have time to implement this project.
Together with the actors of the Taganka Theater, he went on tour abroad: to Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia (BITEF festival), France, Germany, Poland. Having received permission to go to his wife in France for a private visit, he also managed to visit the USA several times (including concerts in 1979), Canada, Mexico, Tahiti, and so on.
In the USSR, during Vysotsky’s lifetime, Central Television did not show a single concert performance or interview of his.
On May 17, 1979, in the educational television studio of the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, Vladimir Vysotsky recorded a color video message (lasting approximately 30.5 minutes) for the American actor and director Warren Beatty. Vysotsky hoped to meet him and was looking for an opportunity to star in the film “Reds,” which Beatty was going to direct. During the recording, Vysotsky makes several attempts to speak English, trying to overcome the language barrier.
For Vysotsky, this was a rare opportunity to speak in front of a video camera. At that time, he did not yet have the opportunity to do this on Central Television.
The video message never reached its recipient. Fragments of this video were first shown in Olga Darfi's documentary " Death of poet" in 2005. Also, this video recording was shown along with materials from television companies in Italy, Mexico, Poland, the USA and from private archives, in the 2013 documentary “ Vladimir Vysotsky. Letter to Warren Beatty».
On September 14, 1979, he recorded a long interview at the Pyatigorsk television studio with Valery Perevozchikov. But the video recording was washed away, only a small (7-minute) fragment of the end was preserved (the soundtrack of the program remained).
In total, Vysotsky gave approximately one and a half thousand concerts in the USSR and abroad.
Last year and death
Vladimir Vysotsky smoked at least one pack of cigarettes a day and suffered from alcohol addiction for many years. From severe conditions, when kidneys failed and heart problems arose, doctors brought the actor out with the help of narcotic substances. And if it was not the doctors themselves who “turned” Vysotsky on to drugs in this way, then, in any case, they accidentally suggested to him a method of such “treatment” for alcoholism: at the end of 1975, morphine and amphetamine replaced alcohol. At the same time, the doses were constantly increasing; from one-time injections in 1975, Vysotsky switched to regular use of narcotic drugs at the end of 1977.
According to Marina Vladi, treatment attempts did not produce results; and, according to V. Perevozchikov, at the beginning of 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky was already doomed: he was predicted to die soon either from a drug overdose or from “withdrawal” (withdrawal). Exactly a year before his death, on July 25, 1979, Vladimir Vysotsky had already experienced clinical death during a tour in Bukhara. In July 1980, in connection with the Olympic Games in Moscow, the actor (according to the same Perevozchikov) again had problems purchasing drugs.
Other sources refute Vysotsky’s use of alcohol in the last years of his life. Director Igor Maslennikov recalled in an interview:
And Livanov was “wired up” at that time. We had to do it. Before the start of filming, we asked Marina Vladi through Vysotsky to send a drug from Paris that was not produced here. And Volodya, together with Oleg Dahl, caught Livanov all over Moscow to “sew up.” - Why them? - Because they were his friends and “colleagues” in this area, and therefore authorities.
This happened during the filming of “The Hound of the Baskervilles” by Maslennikov in 1980, when, according to the film “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive,” Vysotsky was a dying alcoholic and drug addict. Earlier, in 1973, Vysotsky helped O. Dahl in the same way: Marina Vladi brought the drug Esperal from Paris, and as a result Dahl stopped drinking. At the beginning of 1976, Dahl started drinking again, but called Vysotsky, who demanded that he come and gave him Esperal again.
On January 22, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky signed up for CT in the Kinopanorama program, fragments of which were first shown in January 1981, and the entire program (running time 1 hour 3 minutes) was released only on January 23, 1987. In its first part, Vysotsky performed “ small medley» songs from the film “Vertical”, songs « We rotate the Earth"; “Why the Aborigines Ate Cook, or One Scientific Mystery” (from the film “The Wind of Hope.” The name of the song is given from the transcript of the soundtrack of Vysotsky’s video recording); " I do not like", "Fires", "Morning exercises", "Sail", and in the second: "A song about nothing, or What happened in Africa"; “Letter to the editor of the television program “Obvious-Incredible” from a madhouse - from Kanatchikova Dacha”; "Song of the Earth" from the film "Sons Go to Battle" and " Ballad of Love».
On April 16, 1980, the last video filming of his concert in the poet’s life took place on the stage of the small hall of the Leningrad Bolshoi Drama Theater, lasting about 16.5 minutes. He performed the songs “Finicky Horses”, “Domes”, “Wolf Hunt”, a small medley of “war” songs and talked about his work. The director of this recording, Vladislav Vinogradov, after Vysotsky’s death, used it in the documentary film “ V. Vysotsky. Monologue songs" and partly in the program " I'm returning your portrait" On the reverse side of Vysotsky’s double album “Sons Going to Battle” there are photographs by V. Mekler from this concert.
On June 2, 1980, one of Vysotsky’s last concerts took place (in Kaliningrad), at which he became ill.
On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky performed at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow region, where, according to eyewitnesses, he looked unhealthy, said that he was not feeling well, but he was cheerful on stage and played a two-hour concert instead of 1.5 hours planned.
On July 14, 1980, during a performance at NIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky performed one of his last songs, “My Sadness, My Longing... Variation on Gypsy Themes” (there is a low-quality phonogram of her recording from the auditorium).
On July 18, 1980, V. Vysotsky made his last public appearance in his most famous role at the Taganka Theater, as Hamlet.
On the night of July 25, 1980, at the 43rd year of his life, Vladimir Vysotsky died in his sleep in his Moscow apartment from acute heart failure.
The immediate cause of death remains controversial, since an autopsy (at the insistence of the poet's father) was not performed. According to some (in particular, Stanislav Shcherbakov and Leonid Sulpovar), the cause of death was asphyxia, according to others, acute myocardial infarction. Thus, Anatoly Fedotov, whom different people characterize in different ways, both as Vysotsky’s personal physician, the man who saved him in July 1979 in Bukhara, from clinical death (the fact of which, however, is disputed), and as a doctor who “overslept” Vysotsky on the night of July 25, 1980; testifies:
On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came to see me. They wanted to put him on artificial respiration to stop dipsomania. There was a plan to bring this device to his dacha. The guys were probably in the apartment for about an hour; they decided to pick it up the next day, when a separate box was freed up. I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me. On July 24 I was working... At about eight in the evening I dropped into Malaya Gruzinskaya. He felt very bad, he rushed around the rooms. He groaned and clutched at his heart. That’s when, in front of me, he said to Nina Maksimovna: “Mom, I’m going to die today...”
...He rushed around the apartment. Moaned. This night was very difficult for him. I took a sleeping pill injection. He kept toiling. Then he fell silent. He fell asleep on a small ottoman, which then stood in the large room. ... Between three and half past five, cardiac arrest occurred due to a heart attack. Judging by the clinic, there was an acute myocardial infarction.
According to Marina Vladi and V. Perevozchikov, the fact that Vladimir Vysotsky was killed by drugs remains indisputable, although no one wrote about death from an overdose.
I have something to sing when I appear before the Almighty,
I have something to justify myself before Him.
Proza.ru
The poet’s draft autograph contains a version of the last line of this poem:
« I will have something to answer to Him».
Funeral
Vladimir Vysotsky died during the XXII Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. Reports about the death of Vladimir Vysotsky, except for two messages in “Evening Moscow” (about death and the date of the civil memorial service) and an obituary in the newspaper “Soviet Culture” (and after the funeral - article Alla Demidova in memory of Vysotsky in the newspaper “Soviet Russia”) was practically not published in the Soviet media. A simple announcement was posted above the box office window: “Actor Vladimir Vysotsky died”. And yet, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater, where he worked, and stayed there for several days (and on the day of the funeral, the roofs of the buildings around Taganskaya Square were also filled with people). At the same time, none of those who bought tickets to the theater returned them.
On July 28, 1980, a civil memorial service was held in the building of the Taganka Theater, a farewell ceremony and a funeral at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow (site No. 1, to the right of the entrance).
It seemed that all of Moscow was burying Vysotsky. Marina Vladi, already on the bus heading towards Vagankov, said to one of her husband’s friends, Vadim Tumanov: “Vadim, I saw how princes and kings were buried, but I didn’t see anything like that!...”
In general, we buried him, and in this I have some kind of dominant role. They [the authorities] wanted to bury him quietly and quickly. The city was closed then, the Olympics, and it turned out to be a rather unpleasant picture for them. When they lied, they said that they would bring a coffin to say goodbye to him, and the line came from the Kremlin itself... Apparently, their thinking was how to smuggle this type past the Kremlin to the Vagankovskoye cemetery... So they just ducked into the tunnel. They began to break out his portrait, which we had placed in the window of the second floor of the theater... Watering machines began to sweep away the flowers that people were protecting with umbrellas, because there was terrible heat... And this huge crowd, which behaved just perfectly, began shouting throughout the entire square: “ Fascists! Fascists! This shot went around the whole world...
From the memoirs of Yu. Lyubimov
Family
- First wife Isolda Konstantinovna Vysotskaya (née Meshkova, by first marriage- Zhukova). Born January 22, 1937. Married since April 25, 1960. The date of the divorce is unknown. According to some sources, the couple lived together for less than 4 years; according to others, the divorce was filed in 1965, but it is known that they actually separated long before the official divorce. Therefore, Isolda Konstantinovna’s son Gleb, born in 1965, bears the surname Vysotsky, being in fact the son of another person. Iza Vysotskaya lives in Nizhny Tagil, works at the local drama theater.
- Second wife Lyudmila Vladimirovna Abramova. Born August 16, 1939. Married from July 25, 1965 to February 10, 1970, divorced; two sons:
- Arkady Vladimirovich Vysotsky (November 29, 1962, Moscow) is a Russian actor and screenwriter.
- Nikita Vladimirovich Vysotsky (August 8, 1964, Moscow) - Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, director, director of the V. Vysotsky State Cultural Center.
- Illegitimate daughter Anastasia Vladimirovna Ivanenko (born in 1972), her mother is Taganka theater actress Tatyana Ivanenko.
- Third wife Marina Vladi (French: Catherine Marina de Poliakoff-Baïdaroff), famous French film, theater, television actress, writer. Born May 10, 1938. Married from December 1, 1970 to July 25, 1980.
Friends
In his interviews, Vysotsky often talked about his friends, primarily about famous people; but noting that there were “ several people not related to... public professions».
So, the first friends who later became famous were Vladimir’s classmates: the future poet Igor Kokhanovsky and the future screenwriter Vladimir Akimov. Then this group grew: “ We lived in the same apartment in Bolshoi Karetny... we lived like a commune..." This apartment belonged to the poet's older friend, the director. Levon Kocharyan; and lived there or often visited:
- actor and writer Vasily Shukshin,
- famous director Andrei Tarkovsky,
- writer Arthur Makarov,
- screenwriter Vladimir Akimov,
- lawyer Anatoly Utevsky.
Vladimir Semyonovich later recalled about these people: “ It was possible to say only half a sentence, and we understood each other by gesture, by movements».
One of Vysotsky’s closest friends was the famous clown-mime Leonid Engibarov.
Over time, more colleagues from the Taganka Theater were added:
- Vsevolod Abdulov,
- Ivan Bortnik,
- Ivan Dykhovichny,
- Boris Khmelnitsky,
- Valery Zolotukhin,
- Valery Yanklovich.
In addition to them, at different stages of his life, Vysotsky also made new friends:
- translator David Karapetyan,
- actor Daniel Olbrychski,
- gold miner Vadim Tumanov,
- director Viktor Turov,
- Babek Serush is a businessman of Iranian origin,
- dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov,
- director Sergei Parajanov
- and others.
In Paris, Vysotsky met the famous artist Mikhail Shemyakin, who in the future would create many illustrations for Vysotsky’s songs and erect a monument to the poet in Samara. However, perhaps the most important thing that Mikhail Mikhailovich did to perpetuate the memory of his friend was Vysotsky’s recordings (105 songs with a playing duration of 5 hours and 15.5 minutes), made in Paris in 1975-1980 in the studio of Mikhail Shemyakin. On the second guitar, Vysotsky was accompanied by Konstantin Kazansky. These recordings are unique not only in the quality and purity of sound, but also in the fact that Vysotsky sang not just for records, but for a close friend, whose opinion he highly valued. They were published in the USA in December 1987. on 7 records, in a case and with an appendix - a booklet and an album of illustrations by M. Shemyakin.
Also during these years in Paris, together with the same Kazansky, who acted as an arranger and leader of the ensemble, Vysotsky managed to record three of his records.
A close friend was Pavel Leonidov, Vysotsky’s impresario, and his cousin.
Creation
Singer's song at the microphone
I am all in the light, accessible to all eyes,
I started the usual procedure:
I stood up to the microphone, as if to the images!…
No, no, today for sure - to the embrasure!
(...)
Die, don't move, don't move - don't you dare!
I saw the sting: you are a snake, I know it!
And today I am a snake charmer:
I don’t sing, but I conjure the cobra!
He is gluttonous, and with the greed of a chick
He snatches sounds from his mouth.
He will smack 9 grams of lead into my forehead!
You can’t raise your hands - the guitar binds your hands!
1971 (song excerpts)
Poetry and songs
Vysotsky wrote more than 200 poems, about 600 songs and a poem for children (in two parts); In total, he wrote more than 850 poetic works.
Quite a lot of songs were written specifically for films, but most of them, sometimes for technical reasons, but more often due to bureaucratic prohibitions, were not included in the final versions of the films (for example, in the films “Sannikov’s Land”, “The Second Attempt of Viktor Krokhin”, "The Escape of Mr. McKinley", "Arrows of Robin Hood" and others).
Style and theme of songs
Vladimir Vysotsky:
I didn’t get a guitar right away. First I played the piano, then the accordion. At that time I had not yet heard that you can sing poetry with a guitar, and I simply banged the rhythm of the song on the guitar and sang my own and other people’s poems to the rhythms.
- “I’ve been writing for a very long time...”
As a rule, Vysotsky is classified among bard music, but a reservation must be made here. The themes of the songs and Vysotsky’s manner of performance were noticeably different from most other, “intelligent” bards; in addition, Vladimir Semyonovich himself did not consider himself a member of the “bard” movement:
So, “How do you feel about the current menstruation and what, in your opinion, is a bard’s song?” Firstly, this is the first time I’ve heard these two words - the word “minstrelism” and “bardic”. You know what the matter is - I don’t relate to it at all. I never had anything to do with this, I never considered myself any kind of “bard” or “minstrel.” Here, and here, you understand... I never took part in any of these “evenings” that were organized. Now there is such a wild number of these so-called “bards” and “minstrels” that I don’t want to have anything to do with them.
In addition, unlike most Soviet “bards,” Vysotsky was a professional actor and, for this reason alone, cannot be classified as an amateur performance.
It is difficult to find aspects of life that he would not touch upon in his work. These include stylizations of “thieves” songs, ballads, love lyrics, as well as songs on political topics: often satirical or even containing sharp criticism (direct or, more often, written in Aesopian language) of the social system, songs about the attitude to life of ordinary people , humorous songs, fairy tale songs and even songs from the perspective of inanimate “characters” (for example, “Microphone Song”; “Ballad of an Abandoned Ship”, “Ship Love”). Many songs are written in the first person and were later called " monologue songs" In others there could be several characters, the “roles” of which Vysotsky played, changing his voice and intonation (for example, “Dialogue at the TV”). These are original “songs-performances” written for performance by one “actor”.
Vysotsky sang about people’s self-esteem both in everyday life and in extreme situations, about the strength of character and the hardships of human destiny, which brought him enormous popularity.
He presents military themes in songs about the Great Patriotic War in an unusual and vivid way. The accuracy and figurativeness of the language, the performance of the songs “in the first person,” the sincerity of the author, and the expressiveness of the performance gave listeners the impression that Vysotsky was singing about experience own life(even about participation in the Great Patriotic War, at the end of which he was only 7 years old) - although the overwhelming majority of the stories told in the songs were either entirely invented by the author or based on the stories of other people. Childhood impressions grew into mature poetic feelings.
In his songs, he primarily pays attention to the text and content, rather than form (thus contrasting himself with the stage).
V. Vysotsky received great fame for “ songs on the edge"- such as:
- "Horses are picky"
- "About Paradise Apples"
- "Save our souls!",
- "Darkness ahead..."
- "Wolf Hunt"
- "Sauna in white"
- “I’m not in a funk yet...”
- "Black eyes",
- "Pacer's Run"
- "Death of a Fighter in 13 Goals"
- "Two Fates";
- "Ballad of Struggle"
- and many others.
As a performer of his songs, Vysotsky was distinguished by an unconventional style of singing - he intoned not only vowels, but also consonants.
An interesting case shows his attitude towards his own musical accompaniment. The professional musician Zinovy Shersher (Tumanov), who met him shortly before his death, recalled:
I tuned his guitar. He tried very hard, but he took the instrument in his hands and lowered all the strings a little. “I like it to hum...”
Translations into other languages
- The Vladimir Vysotsky Museum in Koszalin (Poland) has carried out an international project - translating Vysotsky’s poems into 157 languages of the world.
- Some Belarusian translations belong to Mikhas Bulavatsky.
Prose and drama
- "Life without sleep." Tale. Written in February 1968, in the sanatorium department of the Moscow psychiatric hospital No. 8 named after. Z. P. Solovyova. The presence of the author's title is unknown.
The first publication (posthumous) was in the Parisian magazine “Echo” in 1980. (No. 2). According to the editor's commentary, “the manuscript of the story was handed over to us in rough form, without a title, the title was given by us”.
The first book publication (reprint from “Echo”) took place a year later, in 1981, in Volume I of the American edition (Publishing house “Literary Abroad”).
In Soviet samizdat the work was distributed under the headings “ Dolphins and psychos », « About dolphins and psychos " In particular, the “publication” of a story called “Life without sleep or psychotic dolphins”, in the Krasnodar samizdat magazine (fanzine) “Gaia” (1988, No. 4) - under the heading “Literary Archive”.
In the USSR, the story was first published in the newspaper “Top Secret” (1989, No. 3).
- “Somehow it all turned out this way...” (script; 1969 or 1970)
- "Where is the center?" (screenplay; 1975)
- “A Novel about Girls” (1977). According to some estimates, the work is not finished. There is no title in the author's manuscript; the exact origin of the name is unknown. Presumably the name was given by the first publishers.
According to high-society scholar Viktor Bakin, “The Novel...” was first published after the death of the author, in December 1981, in four issues of the weekly New York "Novaya Gazeta"(USA).
The first book publication took place 1.5 years later - in 1983, in volume II of the American edition "Vladimir Vysotsky. Songs and poems"(Publishing house “Literary Abroad”). According to the editorial commentary therein, “ V. Vysotsky managed to write only the first 2 chapters of the novel».
In the USSR, the work was first published only in 1988, in the magazine “Neva” (No. 1). - "Vienna Holidays". Kinopovest (together with E. Volodarsky; 1979).
- “Black Candle” (Part I of the novel). Together with Leonid Monchinsky. Vladimir Semyonovich did not live to see the end of the joint work, and Part II was written only by Monchinsky.
Theater works
Basically, Vysotsky’s name as a theater actor is associated with the Taganka Theater. In this theater he participated in 15 performances (including “ Life of Galileo», « The Cherry Orchard», « Hamlet"). His songs were performed in more than 10 performances (not only at the Taganka Theater).
Works on radio
Vysotsky took part in the creation of 11 radio plays, including:
- "Martin Eden"
- "The Stone Guest"
- "Stranger"
- "Behind the Bystryansky Forest."
- 1976 - Alice in Wonderland (radio play) - the roles of the Pirate Parrot and Ed the Eaglet (words and melodies of songs - Vladimir Vysotsky).
Film roles
Vysotsky starred in almost 30 films, many of which featured his songs. But he was not approved for many roles, and not always for creative reasons.
Vysotsky also participated in the dubbing of the cartoon “The Wizard of the Emerald City” - the role Wolf(servants of the evil sorceress Bastinda).
In addition, originally Volka in the cartoon “Well, wait a minute!” It was supposed to be voiced by Vysotsky, but censorship did not allow it, and he was replaced by Anatoly Papanov. About Vladimir Semyonovich, however, the authors of the cartoon managed to leave a memory in the first issue - an excerpt from the soundtrack of Vysotsky’s “Song about a Friend” from the film “ Vertical"(the Wolf's artistic whistle) is used in the scene when the Wolf, having thrown a rope over the antenna, climbs up it to the balcony to the Hare. The same excerpt from the phonogram of Vysotsky’s song is heard in issue 10 of the animated series - in the scene of the Wolf’s “horrible dream” (where the Wolf and the Hare “switched places”).
Cartoon dubbing
- 1974- The Wizard of the Emerald City- Wolf
Lifetime discs published in the USSR
Personal editions
During Vysotsky's lifetime, only 7 minions were released (released from 1968 to 1975). Each record contained no more than 4 songs.
In 1978, together with Bulgaria, a giant export disc was also released, which included songs recorded in different years by the Melodiya company, but never released.
With the participation of Vysotsky
Since 1974, four disco performances with Vysotsky’s participation have been released, including in 1976 the double album “Alice in Wonderland” was released (the EP “Alice in Wonderland” was also published separately). Alice in Wonderland. Songs from a musical fairy tale»).
In addition, 15 records are known, which included one or more songs by Vysotsky, mainly songs from films and collections of military songs (for example, “Friends and Fellow Soldiers”, “Victory Day”).
Also, Vysotsky’s songs were heard on 11 records in music magazines (mainly “Krugozor”), and in 1965, the same “Krugozor” (No. 6) published excerpts from the play “ 10 days that shocked the world"with the participation of Vysotsky and other Tagan actors.
In the USSR and Russia after death
- The largest publication is the series of gramophone records " "on 21 discs (1987-1992). Also notable are 4 records released in 1993-94. by Aprelevka Sound Inc., with rare and previously unreleased songs.
- In the first half of the 2000s, the New Sound company released 22 CDs with remastered songs by Vladimir Semenovich. The tracks were presented with modern remakes, which were based on Vysotsky’s vocals, cleared of the author’s soundtrack and superimposed on modern musical arrangements. Such a bold experiment caused conflicting opinions from the audience: on the one hand, the music acquired a fairly good sound quality, and on the other, a certain “pop” quality was added.
- For the 30th anniversary of the death of V. Vysotsky, the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper prepared a special issue with the film on DVD: “Vladimir Vysotsky. Unknown newsreel footage. „ Road story“” with footage that has never been shown in Russia: material from Polish newsreels, as well as unique footage from various private archives (screen tests for a failed role, amateur filming, interview fragments).
Tributes
Vysotsky is one of the most performed musicians. Among all the cover versions, we can note the full-fledged tribute albums:
- 1996- “Strange Jumps”, a tribute recorded by rock musicians;
- 2004- “Sail” - a tribute to Vladimir Vysotsky performed by Grigory Leps;
- 2007- “Second” - the second tribute to Vladimir Vysotsky performed by Grigory Leps;
- 2010- “Tribute to Vladimir Vysotsky: Tightrope 33 years later”, tribute performed by pop singers and actors;
- 2014- “My Vysotsky”, a tribute to Vladimir Vysotsky performed by Garik Sukachev. Sergey Galanin, Alexander F. Sklyar, Pavel Kuzin and others took part in the recording.
Abroad
- In France, 14 records were released from 1977 to 1988.
- In the USA, from 1972 to 1987, 19 records were released (including a series of 7 records “ Vladimir Vysotsky in the notes of Mikhail Shemyakin»).
- One album was released in Finland in 1979.
- In Germany, 4 records were released from 1980 to 1989.
- In Bulgaria, from 1979 to 1987, 6 records were released (4 originals and 2 collections).
- In Japan, from 1976 to 1985, 4 records were released (2 originals and 2 collections).
- In Korea, 2 records were released in 1992.
- Also in Israel in 1975, the album “ Unreleased songs of Russian bards", which contains 2 songs by Vladimir Vysotsky - “Cold” and “Stars”.
Guitars by Vladimir Vysotsky
Vysotsky always played seven-string guitars.
He got his first guitar that stood out from the crowd in 1966. Vladimir Semyonovich bought it from the widow of Alexei Dikiy. He later said that this guitar “was made by some Austrian master 150 years ago. It was bought by the princes Gagarins, and the artist Blumenthal-Tamarin bought it from them and gave it to Dikiy...” Probably, it was this guitar that took part in the photo shoot of Vysotsky and Vladi in 1975 (photographer V.F. Plotnikov).
Photographs dating back to 1975 show Vladimir Semyonovich with the first guitar made for him by Alexander Shulyakovsky (with a lyre-shaped headstock). This master made four or five guitars for Vysotsky.
Vysotsky also had a guitar with two necks, which he liked because of its original shape, but Vladimir Semyonovich never used the second neck. Vladimir Semyonovich is depicted with this guitar on the back of the sleeve of the ninth disc of the series “ At the concerts of Vladimir Vysotsky».
In the play “Crime and Punishment” (based on the novel by F. Dostoevsky), which was released in 1979, Vysotsky played a guitar that belonged to film director Vladimir Alenikov. The latter gave him his guitar for this role (Svidrigailova), since Vysotsky liked the guitar for its outdated appearance, coloring, and sound. This guitar was once made by the St. Petersburg master Yagodkin. After the poet’s death, Alenikov asked the Taganka Theater to find the guitar; and in the end she was returned to him, but in an extremely deplorable, broken state; she was missing pieces; and no one undertook to fix it. In 1991, Alenikov took the broken guitar to the USA, where it was eventually restored to full order by the guitar master, Indian Rick Turner. A photograph of the guitar appeared on the cover of the Acoustic Guitar magazine. under the name "Vysotsky".
One of V. Vysotsky's guitars, which he played at a concert in Casablanca in April 1976, is kept in the V. Vysotsky Museum in Koszalin (Poland). It was provided for the museum exhibition by a Moroccan journalist Hassan El Sayed, to whom Vladimir Semyonovich presented it with an autographed paraphrase from “Song about a Giraffe” directly on the guitar:
In yellow hot Africa,
Forgetting the Moscow frost,
Somehow suddenly out of schedule
Vysotsky spoke.
Cars of Vladimir Vysotsky
According to the recollections of friends, Vladimir Vysotsky loved driving fast at a speed of about 200 km/h and often crashed his cars.
Vysotsky’s first car was a gray Volga GAZ-21, purchased by him in 1967, and then destroyed by him.
In 1971, he was one of the first in the USSR to buy a VAZ-2101 (“penny”) with license plate 16-55 MKL, but crashed the car after several trips behind the wheel.
Marina Vladi brought him a Renault 16 from Paris, which she received for filming in an advertisement. Vysotsky crashed the Renault on the first day, driving into a bus at a bus stop. The car was restored, but it had Parisian license plates, and according to the rules of those years, the traffic police did not let it go further than 100 km from Moscow. In 1973, the actor’s friends helped him get a certificate to cross the border, and in this beat-up car, Vladimir and Marina traveled from Moscow to Paris. There, in France, they sold this car.
A year later, Vladimir Vysotsky went to Germany for concerts and brought two BMWs from there - one gray, the other beige. But the beige one was among the stolen ones, so the capital’s traffic police registered only one car. The second one was in the garage, although Vysotsky drove both; he simply rearranged the numbers from one car to another. Later, Interpol caught the beige BMW, and it was sent back to Germany, and Vysotsky drove to Paris in the gray one, where he sold it.
In 1976, Vladimir Vysotsky got his first Mercedes, produced in 1975, in metallic blue (model 450SEL 6.9 on the W 116 platform) - a four-door sedan. Marina Vladi brought about 10 cars in a row from France for her husband, but they had to be taken out of the USSR a year after import - those were the rules. Mercedes became Vysotsky’s first foreign car officially registered in Moscow. All copies were lost, but for the filming of the film “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive,” a new one was created based on archival photographs and drawings.
At the end of 1979, while on tour in Germany, Vladimir bought a yellow-brown sports two-seater Mercedes 350 coupe.
Babek Serush (to V. Perevozchikov): “The next time he came to see me in Germany, he said: “You have to sell me your car!...” And I had a sports Mercedes, it’s not so easy to buy, you have to wait a while... This second one is small.” He bought a brown Mercedes from me... Volodya then had permission to import the car duty-free, this permission was signed by Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade Zhuravlev.”
Posthumous recognition and cultural impact
Vysotsky touched on a number of taboo topics, but, despite the existing restrictions, Vysotsky's popularity was (and remains) phenomenal. This is due to “multilateral talent” (according to Alla Demidova), human charm and large-scale personality, poetic gift, unique voice and performing skills, utmost sincerity, love of freedom, energy in performing songs and roles, accuracy in revealing song themes and embodiment of images. It is no coincidence that according to the results of a VTsIOM survey conducted in 2009-2010. on the topic “Who do you consider to be the Russian idols of the 20th century,” Vysotsky took second place (31% of respondents), second only to Yuri Gagarin (35% of respondents) and significantly ahead of such famous writers as L. N. Tolstoy (17%) and A. .I.Solzhenitsyn (14%).
Official recognition came to V.S. Vysotsky only after his death. At first these were separate steps: in 1981, through the efforts of R. Rozhdestvensky, the first major collection of works by V. Vysotsky, “Nerve,” was published, and the first full-fledged (“giant disc”) Soviet record was released, as befits a great poet. In 1987 year he was posthumously awarded the USSR State Prize for his performance as Captain Zheglov in the films “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed” and “ original performance of songs"(the prize was received by his father - S.V. Vysotsky).
Onomastics
- Streets, boulevards, alleys, squares, embankments, alleys in populated areas of Russia (177 in 2013) and other countries, including Moscow, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk, Samara, Tomsk, Odessa (Ukraine) are named after Vysotsky , Astana (Kazakhstan), Eberswalde (Germany).
- Almost 20 rocks and peaks, passes and river rapids, canyons and glaciers are named after Vysotsky. His name is given to a mountain plateau in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.
- The asteroid “Vladvysotsky” (2374 Vladvysotskij) was named in honor of Vysotsky.
- Theaters, ships, an airplane, cafes, varieties of phlox, carnations and gladioli are named after Vysotsky.
- Several sports tournaments are dedicated to his memory.
- In 2011, construction of the Vysotsky skyscraper in Yekaterinburg was completed.
Museums, center, clubs
There are at least 6 Vysotsky museums.
- State Cultural Center-Museum of V. S. Vysotsky (“ Vysotsky's house on Taganka") is the most famous Vysotsky museum, giving a fairly complete picture of his life and work.
- In the city of Norilsk, Talnakh district, the Cultural and Leisure Center named after. V.S. Vysotsky.
- Created in the city of Oryol Club of lovers of Vladimir Vysotsky's creativity"Vertical".
- Created in the city of Novosil "Novosilsky Club of Vysotsky's creativity lovers".
- The Vysotsky Memorial Museum was created in the city of Yekaterinburg, in the Vysotsky skyscraper.
Monuments and memorial plaques
On the territory of the former USSR, more than 20 monuments (and the same number of memorial plaques) to the poet were erected.
- In Russia:
- February 1976 - in Rostov-on-Don (Proletarsky district "Nakhichevan", Shkolnaya St.) a lifetime memorial plaque was unveiled at the artistic ceramics workshop of the applied arts plant, with the text: “….. our workshop was visited by Vladimir Vysotsky in 1975”.
- 10/12/1985 - at the grave of Vladimir Vysotsky (Vagankovskoye Cemetery in Moscow) a monument by sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov was erected and unveiled.
- 25.1.1988 - on the day of the poet’s 50th anniversary, a memorial plaque was unveiled at house No. 28 on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street in Moscow, where Vysotsky lived in 1975-1980 (sculptors A. Rukavishnikov, I. Voskresensky).
A monument to V. Vysotsky was unveiled in the courtyard of the Taganka Theater (Moscow; Zemlyanoy Val St. 76/21). Author Gennady Raspopov.
- 1989 - in Odessa, on the building of the Odessa Film Studio (French Boulevard, building 33), a memorial plaque was installed. Author Stanislav Golovanov.
- 25.7.1990 - on the day of the 10th anniversary of his death, a memorial plaque was unveiled in Moscow at house No. 15 on Bolshoi Karetny Lane. Author Robert Gasparyan.
- 25.7.1995 - on the day of the 15th anniversary of his death, in Moscow on Strastnoy Boulevard near Petrovsky Gate Square, a monument to Vladimir Vysotsky was erected by sculptor Gennady Raspopov (architect A.V. Klimochkin) - as if in refutation of the poet’s ironic lines: “They won’t erect a monument to me in the park | Somewhere at Petrovsky Gate".
- 25.7.1999 - on the day of memory of the poet, in the Talnakh district of Norilsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory), on the building of the Cultural and Leisure Center named after. V. Vysotsky (Stroiteley St., 17) a memorial plaque was unveiled.
- 24.9.2000 - monument in the city of Melitopol, Zaporozhye region; sculptor K. Chekanev.
- 2000 - in Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on Mira Avenue, building No. 68, building 3, in which school No. 273 was located. The text on the plaque ends with the words: “In 1945-1946, the poet and artist V. S. Vysotsky studied at this school”.
- 25.1.2008 - in Samara, on the poet’s birthday, a memorial was opened at the Sports Palace of the CSK Air Force (Molodogvardeyskaya St., 222). Author M. Shemyakin.
On May 15, 2017, in connection with the demolition of the old Sports Palace and the planned construction of a new one, the memorial was temporarily dismantled and transported to storage.
- 09/25/2010 - in the village Moryakovsky Zaton Tomsk region (sculptor Vs. Mayorov).
- 20.11.2011 - on Sochi City Day in the park area of the Festivalny concert hall (author P. Khrisanov).
- 01/28/2012 - in Novosilye.
- 07/28/2012 - a memorial plaque was installed in the city of Divnogorsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory), on house No. 6 on the street. Komsomolskaya (with text: “August 23-25, 1968 Vladimir Vysotsky sang here"). Author Const. Kuzyarin.
- 16.2.2013 - a monument was unveiled at the Aquarius hotel complex (Gorokhovets, Vladimir region). Sculptor A. Apollonov.
- 07/25/2013 - in Vladivostok and Yeisk.
- 01/25/2014 - a memorial plaque was installed in the city of Miass ( Chelyabinsk region), at the address: Predzavodskaya Square, 1 (a gift to residents from the local LDPR branch).
- 07/16/2014 - in Magadan (sculptor Yu.S. Rudenko) on the observation deck “Stone Crown” of the embankment A.I. Nagaev bay(the song “My friend went to Magadan” was dedicated to the poet’s friend Igor Kokhanovsky). The words from another song of the poet are engraved on the pedestal - “ I'll tell you about Magadan...».
- 07/25/2014 - in Rostov-on-Don, on the street. Pushkinskaya, a bronze monument by Anatoly Sknarin was unveiled.
- 11/14/2014 - in the city of Volzhsky (Volgograd region). The monument was installed on Lenin Square, in Hyde Park named after V. Vysotsky. Sculptors Yu. Tyutyukin, S. Galkin.
- 01/25/2015 - on the poet’s birthday, in Moscow, a memorial plaque was unveiled at the maternity hospital where Vysotsky was born. (Today this building belongs to the MONICA hospital).
- 10/05/2015 - a monument to the two main characters of the television series “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed” - Gleb Zheglov and Volodya Sharapov (sculptor V. Uteshev) was unveiled in Volgograd. To the right of it is an inclined slab with the inscription: “ Sculptural composition to the legendary UGRO detectives Gleb Zheglov and Volodya Sharapov from the film “The meeting place cannot be changed” (dir. S. Govorukhin). Established on the day of the criminal investigation. 5.10.2015" The image of Captain Zheglov, the chief of " Anti-Banditry Department", in the film created by V. Vysotsky.
- 01/24/2016 - in St. Petersburg, a commemorative plaque was unveiled in the salon of the writing club (at the address: Naberezhnaya Makarova, 10). Sculptor Larisa Petrova. The text on the board reads: “In 1967, the first concert in Russia by Vladimir Vysotsky took place in our city.”.
- 04/18/2016 - a monument by sculptor A.A. Apollonov was installed in the park of Nizhneudinsk with the inscription: “(...) In June 1976 Vladimir Vysotsky came to Nizhneudinsk with Vadim Tumanov to the base of the Lena Prospector Artel. Where he performed his songs for the mine workers of the artel. (...) The bust was presented as a gift. Project “Walk of Russian Glory”. People's Artist of the USSR V.S. Lanovoy. The author of the project is M.L. Serdyukov. (...) With the support of the Russian Military Historical Society.”
- 09/03/2016 - a monument (sculpture) was opened in the park area of the Yubileiny Palace of Culture in the city of Votkinsk, Udmurtia. Authors A. Suvorov and Dm. Postnikov.
- 10/22/2016 - a monument was unveiled in the White Nights park (city of Novy Urengoy, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Sculptor Galina Astakhova.
- 11/08/2016 - a monument to Gleb Zheglov and V. Sharapov was unveiled in Moscow at the entrance to the main police building (Ministry of Internal Affairs on Petrovka St., 38). Sculptor A. Rukavishnikov.
- 12/11/2016 - in honor of the poet, a synergetic bas-relief medallion was opened on the building of the Kostino leisure and cultural center in the city of Korolev (Moscow region). Author: Janis Stroupulis.
- 12/25/2016 - in the city of Evpatoria (Crimea) a memorial plaque was unveiled at house No. 45 on the street. Karaite. Authors: architect Al. Komov, sculptor K. Tsikhaev. The text on the board reads: “On the streets of old Yevpatoria in 1972, singer, poet, actor Vladimir Vysotsky starred in the film “Bad Good Man” directed by I.E. Kheifits”.
- 22.1.2018 - in Tula, on the building of the Tulamashzavod Palace of Culture (52 Demidovskaya St.), a memorial plaque to the poet was unveiled with the text: “On the stage of this Palace of Culture in April 1966, the poet and actor Vladimir Vysotsky performed with the Taganka Theater team”. There is also a memorial plaque with a quote from the song “Life Flew” on the premises of the Palace of Culture: “I live everywhere - now, for example, in Tula...”. Sculptor Vitaly Ivanovich Kazansky.
- 23.1.2018 - in Kentau (Kazakhstan) a memorial plaque was installed on the facade of the former Lecture Hall building, with the text: “In August 1970, the outstanding bard and actor Vladimir Vysotsky performed on the stage of the Lecture Hall. “You have a wonderful city. Vysotsky"".
- 25.1.2018 - on the day of the poet’s 80th birthday, in Kazan, at the entrance to the concert hall of the Ak Bars youth center (Dekabristov St. 1), an information board was installed (on a music stand) with text (in Russian, Tatar and English) about the performances of Vladimir Vysotsky on October 12-18, 1977 in Kazan and Zelenodolsk.
A memorial plaque was unveiled in the Simferopol village of State District Power Plant (on the territory of the Baumix enterprise), with the text: “In this building in 1972, the poet, actor and songwriter, Laureate of the USSR State Prize Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky performed”. In the village of Vorontsovka, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the right at the entrance to rural club named after Vladimir Vysotsky, with text: “Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky lived in the village. Vorontsovka, Buzuluk district, Orenburg region during the evacuation in 1941 - 1943.”
