Distance to Michelevka. Municipal formations of the Irkutsk region. What UV radiation from the sun is
There are premises in the village.
Connection
In the village there is 1 branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Post of Russia", 1 point of collective access to the Internet, 2 payphones.
Mobile connection:
- OJSC VimpelCom
- JSC "MTS"
- JSC "MegaFon"
Internet:
| Operator | Min. speed | Max speed |
|---|---|---|
| CJSC "Baikalwestcom" | 128 Kbps | 3000 Kb/s |
| OJSC VimpelCom | 64 Kb/s | 240 Kb/s |
| JSC "MTS" | 128 Kbps | 474 Kbps |
| JSC "MegaFon" | 256 Kb/s | 2 Mb/s |
| FSUE Russian Post | 64 Kb/s | 256 Kb/s |
Famous natives and residents of the village of Mishelevka
- - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Rector of the Irkutsk Institute for Advanced Studies of Educators, Head of the Department of Russian History (ISU).
- - Historian, ethnographer.
- - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of Irkutsk State University.
- - Priest of the Russian Orthodox Church, great-grandfather of the musician Denis Matsuev. Served in St. Nicholas Church in the village of Mishelevka.
Khaitinsky plant. Historical outline
The Belaya River is beautiful in the area where the Khaita River flows into it. In summer, the banks of the river are surrounded by greenery. On the right bank, rocks and cliffs stretch for many kilometers, giving way to ravines. Left, opposite bank of the river, low, with birch groves and fields. These fertile places were chosen by the brothers Daniil and Philip Perevalov for the construction of a porcelain and faience factory at the mouth of the Khaita River.
The Perevalov brothers, natives of the village of Uzkiy Lug, from childhood learned peasant labor, having saved up some money and becoming prosperous, they began to mine and sell refractory (kaolin) clay, located near Uzkiy Lug on Mount Golubichnaya. They sold it mainly to local potters.
Having become rich and becoming merchants of the second guild, the Perevalovs built a large flour mill in 1865 on leased land on the left bank of the Khaita River, 200 meters from its confluence with the Belaya River. Two years later, a dam appears nearby, and with it a small pottery workshop. In order to satisfy her need for clay, the brothers, for 400 rubles, acquire from the "community" a monopoly right to develop Golubichnaya Mountain. Soon, Irkutsk breeders, including the founder of the first porcelain factory in Eastern Siberia, P. Syropyatov, were forced to close their production facilities. The Perevalovs shamelessly raised the price of kaolin clay. The brothers, promising him a good salary, lured from the stove-maker, the tradesman Nikolai Andreevich Mishelev, who laid the foundation of the Siberian workers' settlement Mishelevka by building his house in 1866.
The second settler on the banks of the beautiful Belaya was a certain Oleinikov, a native of the Yekaterinoslav province. Until 1867, he served hard labor at the Usolsky salt plant, after which he was sent to a settlement in the village of Urik. Oleinikov began to build on the right bank of the Belaya, thereby founding the village of Khokhlovka (near the market square). The names Khokhlovka and Mishelevka officially existed until 1900, when the whole village began to be called Mishelevka.
Production expanded. A mass-preparation shop, a lathe, a dye-house and a number of others were built. The first miners were exiled settlers V. Gorkin, R. Krasilnikov, N. Orlov, exiled Poles: L. Konopko, A. Zhizhnevsky and others. The mining industry was managed by an exiled Pole, a participant in the Polish uprising of 1863, M.N. Listopadsky. Since 1869, production has become a manufactory. Ros and the village. Five years later, a village of artisans grew up around the manufactory.
In the same year, at an industrial exhibition in the city of Yekaterinburg, Perevalov was awarded the second medal "For Diligence and Art". But on December 26, 1877, Danila Perevalov died. Philip Perevalov and his family moved to the Far East in 1870. Ivan Danilovich Perevalov, a young, educated and strong owner, stood at the head of the factory.
The first machines received rotation from three bulk wheels, set in motion by the water of the Khaita River. The first steam locomobile was brought in 1879 on 15 carts and installed in a turning shop. Thus, for the first time in Siberia, mechanisms powered by a machine appeared. Glaze was put into action. Until 1877, she was together with the furnaces. The first glazer was D.F. Ilkov, a native of Taltsy. The first scribe was V.S. Berezkov. At the end of 1870, the artist Fyodor Ivanovich Nevorotov arrived from the Moscow province, who knew how to paint expensive porcelain with skill.
Specialists from Dulevo, the Novgorod province, Moscow, and St. Petersburg were sent to the factory and came. In 1897, I.D. Perevalov acquired expensive cars which doubled labor productivity. In 1896, the factory employed 250 men, 100 women, 50 children and 70 temporary workers. In 1896, a telephone line Irkutsk-Telma-Mishelevka was installed at the factory.
Together with the factory, the settlement continued to develop. Ya. Zubreev, Barsukovs, Vladimirtsevs settled in Khokhlovka, houses of Barabanov, Dugin, Orlov and many others were built in Mishelevka. In 1890, there were 40 houses in the village and 202 people lived.
On July 9, 1878, the St. Nicholas Innokentievsky School was solemnly opened at the porcelain and faience factory of the Perevalovs trading house. The first teachers were the priest A.A. Kazantsev, M.G. Evdokimov from the chief officer's children. Perevalov, a merchant of the 2nd guild, was elected an honorary guardian of the school and undertook to allocate 530 rubles annually for its maintenance, not counting the payment for heating, lighting and a watchman.
In the city of Irkutsk, the Perevalovs had shopping store, as reported by the newspaper "Irkutsk provincial sheets" for November 29, 1874. The dishes were sold throughout the Irkutsk, Transbaikal and Yakutsk provinces. Siberian porcelain and faience gained particular fame under Ivan Danilovich Perevalov, who began to sell products at all Siberian fairs: Irtysh, Preobrazhenskaya, Balakhtinskaya, Kachugskaya and others. There was trade in Blagoveshchensk and Khabarovsk, Novonikolaevsk and Tomsk. In 1897, I.D. Perevalov decided to create a joint-stock company in order to increase the assets of the enterprise. On July 3, 1897, the charter of the first joint-stock company in Siberia under the name "Siberian partnership for the production of porcelain, faience, crystal and pottery of I.D. Perevalov" was approved by the Highest, (the newspaper "Vostochnoye obozreniye", 1897) All share capital was determined 1.5 million rubles. Interest in production was great, back in 1873 the newspaper Siberia wrote:
"On July 13, Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich, visiting Irkutsk, at the exhibition of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Technical Society paid special attention to ... the dishes of Mr. Perevalov".
In the same year, Perevalov was awarded the silver medal of the Irkutsk All-Russian Exhibition "For Useful" for the production of porcelain and faience dishes.
The cultural life of the village also flourished. The provincial newspapers wrote:
"At the Khaitinsky factory, life is diversified by amateur performances and family dance evenings. A wooden building for these purposes was allocated by Perevalov. Two performances have already been staged, Sunday readings are being held with a display of paintings through a magic lantern. A wooden church is being built by subscription. For Christmas, students Perevalov arranged a Christmas tree".
There were 90 students in the school. Musical, vocal and literary evenings were organized for young people, ending with dancing, a free reading room was opened.
In 1896, Perevalov's products at the Nizhny Novgorod fair were awarded a silver medal "For the good quality of products with a significant size for Siberian products."
And although the masters of the Perevalovskaya factory received high wages - from 40 to 100 rubles, the production of dishes was influenced by external factors decreased. The workers paid off, many houses in the village were boarded up. The newspaper "Siberia" in December 1897 wrote:
"At the Perevalovskaya factory, production has finally stopped. Workers and craftsmen are in an extremely distressed situation."
Ivan Danilovich got into trouble with banks, loans, the approaching railway filled Siberia with cheaper goods. No matter how hard the merchant struggled, in 1902 he had to sell half of the factory to the Shchelkunov, Metelevs and Company partnership. This helped Perevalov pay off his debts and start production again. In 1906, the factory's products received a gold medal at an exhibition in Antwerp.
On August 28, 1907, I.D. Perevalov was also killed, and also under mysterious circumstances. At the head of the factory and trade partnership was his son Vladimir Ivanovich Perevalov. The range of manufactured products has not changed, the sales market has reappeared. The factory has a stable team of skilled workers. The number of employees varied from 600 to 800 people per different years. In addition to Russians, Chinese, Poles, Tatars, Bashkirs, Kalmyks, Ossetians, Circassians from among the exiled settlers worked at the factory, and a working class was formed. The working conditions of the workers were very difficult, wages were low, and the sanitary condition was extremely unsatisfactory. The newspaper "Siberian Bulletin" wrote:
"..There are no barracks for unmarried people at the factory and they must wallow in glaze dust and dirt, or in an old faience lathe, called "almshouses". They said about turners: "The turner gives the cup to the merchant, and the turner's consumption leads to the graveyard." Miners, as a rule, lost their eyesight and were almost all sick with heart disease. There were no places to eat in the factory. The old workers recalled: “The main food was received in the Sorokin factory shop, located opposite the factory across the dam. There was a tea room in the factory yard - one-story wooden house, in which in the middle stood a stove with a boiler and a table".
Children's labor day at the factory lasted 10-12 hours, and children worked from 9-12 years old. Fines were a terrible scourge for the workers.
In 1904-1905, various political circles began to organize at the factory, and revolutionary propaganda was carried out. This was facilitated by the presence a large number exiled settlers and mutilated on Russo-Japanese War peasants and artisans who turned out to be useless to anyone. Here, for example, is what Yegor Afanasiev, a resident of Mishelevka, wrote in his letter to the Governor-General of the Irkutsk province:
"I, your high honor, fought the Japanese not for life, but for death. I was given the Cross of St. George and a medal for these battles. And yet, one zentso (eye) was knocked out by a Jap and chopped off my leg. I became a cripple. I came home, and there are only three small children and my woman, and she is sick with epilepsy.
At first I walked around the world, but now I can’t even walk. What the kids collect, that's what we live. Maybe you will give me some help, otherwise at least the whole family go to the grave. I asked for help from my elder Nizenko, and he put me in a casemate".
In the autumn of 1904, an underground group of the RSDLP was founded at the factory, it consisted of five people, headed by a teacher from a local two-year school, Konstantin Semenovich Vladimirtsev, and a political exile, a former student, and now a factory assistant, Veniamin Stepanov.
Experienced propagandists often came to the factory: Sapozhnikov, Vetoshkin, Tarelkina. They lived for a long time in the village of Sredny Bulai and in Mishelevka. A group of right SRs headed by O. Morozov also worked at the factory.
After the events of "Bloody Sunday", on October 12, 1905, the leaders of the Social Democrats of Mishelevka, V.S. A group of workers was elected, which worked out demands for the manufacturer to improve working conditions and raise wages. A trade union committee has been formed. On October 20, these and a number of other demands were presented to the owner of the factory. Perevalov was forced to agree with them. Perevalov reported everything that had happened to the governor-general, who sent a squadron of Cossacks and an investigator for especially important cases of the gendarme department, Levandovsky, to the factory. Arrests and searches began. On April 24, 1906, the governor-general gave an order to "finish the case of political propaganda at the Khaitinsky porcelain manufactory of the entrepreneur Perevalov." The leaders of the strike were sentenced to various terms of hard labor.
Porcelain and earthenware produced by the factory were popular throughout Siberia and the Far East, thanks to which in 1911 they received another gold medal at an exhibition in Omsk. At this time, in addition to artistic, household and sanitary porcelain and faience, the factory began to produce technical porcelain, in particular, telephone and telegraph insulators.
With the outbreak of the First World War, the factory also accepted military orders. By the end of the war, the partnership broke up, and E.I. Metelev became the sole owner of the factory. In 1917 the factory was on the verge of closing. On March 4, 1917, fireman M.G. Zhmakin gives a long solemn whistle - the tsar is gone!
The Irkutsk region includes 474 municipalities:
32 municipal districts, 10 urban districts, 67 urban settlements, 365 rural settlements.
For 6 years now we have been offering our services to the municipalities of the Irkutsk region to create a standard site. The turnkey solution was developed in accordance with the following regulatory legal acts:
- Federal Law of February 9, 2009 N 8-FZ "On ensuring access to information on the activities of state bodies and local governments"
- Federal Law of July 21, 2005 N 94-FZ "On placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for state and municipal needs"
- Urban planning code Russian Federation December 29, 2004
- Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation"
What does the site consist of?
In 1868, deposits of kaolin clay were discovered for the first time in the Irkutsk province near the Khaitinka River, which flows into the Belaya River. This clay had exceptional properties, and in quality it was comparable to the famous Belgian kaolins. Subsequently, Perevalovsky porcelain was valued for its special transparency and subtlety. From here, two peasant brothers Daniil and Philip Perevalov from the village of Uzky Lug took the clay mined on Golubichny Mountain to the merchant Syropyatov, who produced pots on the outskirts of Irkutsk on the Ushakovka River. But the pots were not successful, and a year later the merchant sold his factory to the Perevalovs as payment for his debts. Entrepreneurial brothers founded the Khaitinsky porcelain and faience factory on the basis of a kaolin deposit, 120 kilometers from Irkutsk. At the plant, the village of Mishelevka arose, which got its name from one of the first skillful stove-makers and furnace masters Nikolai Mishelev at the plant. After the re-equipment of the factory and the installation of steam engines, filter presses, the construction of kilns and the arrival of skilled workers from European Russia, the plant began to produce high-quality tableware. And already in 1873, at the Irkutsk industrial exhibition, products from Khaita were awarded a large silver medal "For Usefulness". Now the quality of the Perevalovs' chinaware freely competed with porcelain imported from the central part of Russia. It was a real breakthrough that stunned the whole of Eastern Siberia with its success. But this special page in the history of the enterprise is already associated with the name of Ivan Danilovich Perevalov, who headed the factory in 1880. The young merchant reorganized not only production, but the entire system for selling goods. He organized the Perevalov Trading House, which produced high-quality products for the widest segments of the population. From that moment, Khaitinsky porcelain completely ousted the products of Western factories from the Siberian market. In 1887, in Yekaterinburg, the Perevalovs' porcelain was awarded a silver medal "For industriousness and art", followed by an award in Nizhny Novgorod "For good quality with significant production in Siberia." Finally, in 1905, at the World Exhibition in Antwerp, Khaitinsky porcelain was awarded the highest award - the Gold Medal. In 1911, at an exhibition in Omsk, porcelain products received another gold medal. In 1920, the factory was nationalized and reconstructed, in particular, by transferring molding machines to electricity. However, now it has switched to the manufacture of household utensils, and since 1938 - technical porcelain and electric porcelain for the needs of the region. The Sibfarfor brand is becoming a hallmark of Eastern Siberia - from Perm to Vladivostok, in Mongolia and China. During the years of the Great Patriotic War the factory produced abrasive wheels for sharpening gun barrels. After 1945, the Khaitins produced table china. But the tradition was interrupted in the post-perestroika years, when the enterprise was closed. The surviving part of the Perevalovsk Porcelain Museum (about four and a half thousand products) is now stored in Irkutsk in the Regional Art Museum. V.P. Sukachev.
Mishelevskoye municipality with the status of an urban settlement was formed as part of the Usolsky district municipality of the Irkutsk region in accordance with the law of the Irkutsk region dated December 16, 2004 No. 84-oz “On the status and boundaries of municipalities of the Usolsky district of the Irkutsk region”. As an urban settlement, it includes the working settlement of Mishelevka, which includes, in addition to the settlement of Mishelevka (the right bank of the Belaya River), also the former village of Nizhny Bulai (the left bank of the Belaya River) and the settlement of Usolye-7. In addition, the Mishelevskoye municipality includes rural settlements - the village of Khaita and the village of Glubokiy Log.
The territory of the Mishelev municipality before the revolution was part of the Irkutsk district (since 1901 - county) of the Irkutsk province, since 1926 - in the Usolsky district of the Irkutsk district of the Siberian Territory (since 1930 - part of the East Siberian Territory, since 1936 . - East Siberian region). With the formation of the Irkutsk region in 1937, it was subordinated to the Usolsky administrative district, which was transformed into municipal area at the end of 2004. In 1967-1992. part of the modern territory of the settlement (Khaitinsky village council) was part of the Cheremkhovsky district. The village of Mishelevka arose in the late 60s of the 19th century, together with the foundation of the Perevalov porcelain factory (later the Khaitinsky porcelain factory) in 1869, it formed an independent village council in the Soviet period, and in 1928 received the status of a workers' settlement as part of the Usolsky district, a council was formed in it. In the 1930s, the village of Nizhny Bulai, located on the left bank of the river, became part of the village of Mishelevka. White. In 1992, the Mishelev settlement administration was formed, which since 2005 has been transformed into an urban settlement.
Khaita village is one of the oldest in the region, its foundation dates back to XVII century. As the center of the village council, a number of small settlements were subordinated to it. By the 1960s they had disappeared. Between the late 1960s and early 1990s, Khaita - the center and the only settlement of the village council of the same name - was subordinate to the Cheremkhovsky administrative district. Since 1992, Khaita, as an independent village administration, was transferred to the Usolsky district. Since 2005, in accordance with the law of December 16, 2004 No. 84-oz "On the status and boundaries of municipalities of the Usolsky district of the Irkutsk region" the village of Khaita became part of the Mishelevskoye municipality.
The village of Deep Log appeared in late XIX century (1875). Until 2000, it was part of the Kholmushinsky village council (village administration) of the Usolsky district, later it was subordinated to the Taitur village administration, and since 2005 it has been included in the Mishelevskoye urban settlement with the status of a rural settlement. Mishelevskoye municipality is located in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Central Siberian province, in the foothills of the Eastern Sayan, on a gently sloping plain, dissected by river valleys, in the valley of the river. White - the left tributary of the river. Hangars. The economic and geographical position of the settlement is quite favorable, it is located near the Trans-Siberian Railway (the nearest railway station to the Mishelevka village is Polovina, the distance is 15 km), 46 km from the regional center - the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye. The settlements of the municipality have two exits to the federal highway M-53 Krasnoyarsk-Irkutsk - in the area of the settlement. Mikhailovka and through the regional center. Distance to the city of Irkutsk by rail from the station. Half is 104 km, according to highway from r.p. Mishelevka through the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye - 130 km.
As the center of the municipality r.p. Mishelevka performs the functions of administrative management and cultural and community services in relation to rural settlements of the settlement. Khaita village is located 4 km from the center of the settlement; the village of Gluboky Log adjoins the village of Usolye-7, which is part of the r.p. Mishelevka. The territory of the Mishelevskoye urban settlement within the boundaries of the municipality established in accordance with the law of the Irkutsk region dated December 16, 2004 No. 84-oz “On the status and boundaries of municipalities of the Usolsky district of the Irkutsk region” is 54,544.6 hectares. 568.4 hectares are occupied by building (excluding the territory of sanitary protection zones), which is 1.0% of all land within the boundaries of the settlement. Landscape and recreational non-residential territories occupy 89.0% of the area, 10.0% of the land of the urban settlement remains for other uses.
The vast majority of the settlement's land is occupied by forests (39,857.6 ha), meadow and floodplain territories (8,064.3 ha), water surfaces of the Belaya and Khaita rivers (615.9 ha); in total, they account for 89% of the territory of the urban settlement.
The residential area (excluding settlement Usolie-7) occupies 438.5 hectares, or 644.8 m 2 . per inhabitant. The vast majority of the residential area - 98.6% falls on low-rise estate buildings, characterized by low density. Only 4.8 hectares are occupied by mid-rise sectional residential buildings. Significant areas of residential development (41.7 hectares, including 0.3 hectares of mid-rise buildings) are located in the zone of sanitary hazard of industrial and agro-industrial enterprises.
The area of plots of public institutions and service enterprises of settlement significance (except for those located in the residential area) is 7.3 hectares, or 10.7 m2 per inhabitant. Streets, roads, driveways, garages and parking lots occupy 80.0 hectares, or about 0.2% of the territory of the urban settlement. Due to the predominance of low-density estate development, the area of streets and roads per inhabitant of the Mishelev urban settlement (excluding Usolye-7 settlement) is 117.6 m2.
Sports facilities are represented by a stadium and a section of the Children's and Youth Sports School with a total area of 2.9 hectares, which is 0.43 hectares per 1000 inhabitants (excluding the village of Usolye-7, which has its sports facilities outside the project area), or 61.4% of the standard level of provision .
Production areas occupy an area of 302.8 hectares or 0.6% of all land. The vast majority of them are zones of sanitary hazard (248.4 ha). The largest sites of enterprises in terms of area fall on the inactive Khaitinsky Porcelain Factory and the facilities of the Belorechenskoye Agricultural Joint-Stock Company.
Recreational facilities (sanatorium "Tayozhny", children's recreation camps "Khvoyny" and "Youth", camp site "Khaita", etc.) are located on the territory of 18.3 hectares. Regime territories of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (settlement Usolye-7) occupy 50.9 hectares. Engineering infrastructure objects account for 6.3 hectares, special territories occupy 5.2 hectares. A significant area (5184.8 ha or 9.5% of the territory of the settlement) is occupied by agricultural land.
| the date | Event |
|---|---|
| 1626 | Khaita is inhabited by Russian settlers. |
| 1869 | The Perevalov brothers launched a porcelain and faience factory. |
| 1898 | The factory of the merchant I. Perevalov received first aid. Ivan Danilovich brought the paramedic Mark Nikolaevich Gayvorin. He began to live in two-story house, which was located on the territory of the factory: on the first floor there was an emergency room, on the second his apartment. |
| 1905 | Gayvorin died and paramedic Daniil Evdokimovich Shalitsky arrived at the factory. After his death, his son becomes a paramedic. The factory was visited by the first political exile, Veniamin Semyonovich Stepanov, a student of the medical faculty of Tomsk University, exiled to Irkutsk for revolutionary activities. He was sent by the Irkutsk Committee of the RSDLP to the Khaitinsky factory. |
| 1906 | The factory receives a gold medal at the Antwerp Product Fair. |
| 1911 | The Perevalov factory was awarded a gold medal for good product quality (Omsk). |
| 1912 | The factory is on fire. A lot of equipment and workshops burned down. |
| 1910-1915 | Political exiles appear at the factory. |
| March 4, 1917 | The stoker Maxim Tikhonovich Zhmakin gives a long solemn whistle - the tsar has been overthrown. |
| 1919 | The production of fine faience was closed. |
| 1920 | Soviet power was finally established in the village. |
| 1923 | A FZU was opened at the porcelain factory (director Ivan Perfilyev). |
| The first subbotnik was held at the plant in the village. | |
| 1924 | The first tunnel kiln in the USSR was built at the plant. Under the guidance of Professor I. Ponomarev, a project for a new factory building is being created and its construction begins. |
| 1926 | Newspaper week was held. Prior to this event, 5 copies of the newspaper "Young Leninist" were subscribed in the village, after the week 57 copies were issued. |
| 2 radio masts were installed, one of them on the club building. | |
| 1927 | The construction of a hospital has begun. |
| 1928 | The settlement was given the status of an urban-type settlement. The very name Mishelevka is given in honor of the Mishelev dynasty, who worked at the plant for more than 100 years and built the first house on the banks of the Khaitinka. The construction of residential buildings (semi-comfortable) and a seven-year school, which burned down in 1954, as well as a secondary school, began. |
| 1929 | The commune "Red Plowman" is being organized. Chairman Sergey Teploradov, the first tractor driver - Nastya Kichigina. The commune did not exist for long (2-3 years), there was no experience in managing the economy. |
| The beginning of the work of the secondary school, built in two years. The first director is Nikolai Ivanovich Evdokimov. | |
| In the village of Khaita, the first organizational meeting of family members who signed up for the collective farm. | |
| 1931 | In the village of Khaita, two collective farms "Steel Way" and "Light" were organized. |
| 1934 | In the village of Khaita, a collective farm was formed. Sergei Lazo. |
| 1937-1938 | 26 people were unreasonably repressed, 15 of them were sentenced to capital punishment. |
| 1939 | The first release of the tenth grade (before that there was a nine-year study). |
| 1940 | Anfisa Petrovna Borodina is appointed director of the school. |
| 1941 | The beginning of the war, in the first days about a hundred people went to the front, and over the entire period of the war, more than a thousand. |
| Autumn 1941 | The equipment of the Ilyich abrasive plant arrives at Sibfarfor. |
| January 1942 | Released the first batch of abrasives. |
| May 1945 | End of the war. More than two hundred Michelians did not return from the front. |
| July 1952 | Severe flooding on the Belaya River. The wooden bridge over the Belaya river was demolished. The construction of a ferry crossing has begun, since all cargo is brought to the plant from the Polovina station. |
| 1954 | The equipment of the abrasive plant was transported to Luga. |
| 1957 | The Ministry of the RSFSR approves a project for the partial reconstruction of the plant. The planned capacity is 15 million items. |
| 1958-1959 | The construction of semi-detached wooden houses begins. |
| March 1, 1961 | Khaitinsky collective farm Sergei Lazo became part of the Maltinsky state farm as the 3rd branch. |
| 1963 | The beginning of television in the village. A television tower was built (factory director Epelman). |
| September 16, 1963 | In Usolye-Sibirskoye-7, a group of 100 people was formed, which began the construction of the CDS. |
| 1963-1964 | The construction of a reinforced concrete bridge across the Belaya River begins. |
| January 21, 1964 | S. Hayta. The 3rd branch of the Maltinsky state farm was transferred to the Belsky state farm in the Cheremkhovsky district. |
| December 12, 1964 | The first kindergarten No. 24 was opened. Currently, the building houses a library, an art school, and a museum. |
| August 1967 | Natural disaster on the river Khaitinka. Broken wooden dam across the pond. |
| 1965-1969 | Two 36-apartment brick houses were built (No. 13, 15 on Lesnaya St.), as well as three wooden eight-apartment houses. In the same period, a road was being built from the village to Usolye-Sibirskoye through the village of Hayta, Sosnovka, Belorechensk. |
| 1969 | The Khaitinsky Porcelain Factory celebrated its 100th anniversary and was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor. |
| April 18, 1970 | Usolie-Sibirskoe-7. The military unit was awarded the Battle Banner. |
| 1970 | A new building of the village council was built and began to function. Chairman - Anatoly Nikolaevich Kuzyakin, secretary Nelya Petrovna Dubinina. |
| 1974 | The building of the bakery was built. |
| 1975 | Design work for the construction of a new school building. |
| Construction of houses No. 17, No. 6. | |
| December 4, 1978 | The school building has been put into operation. The director of the school is Alexandra Yakovlevna Galyan. Construction kindergarten No. 36. In these and subsequent years, houses No. 2,6,8,19, kindergarten No. 25 were built. The work was carried out by the construction site under the guidance of the plant. Senior engineer - V. Zakamennykh, foremen - Afonin, Lokhov, Kinyakin, Krivel. Plant director Azarov, chief engineer L. Agafonov, chief accountant M. Arzhanova. |
| 1981 | The largest street of the village was named in honor of Fenya Obyskalova, who died in the war. |
| 1982 | The Tayozhny sanatorium began to function. |
| 1983 | In the village of Khaita organized subsidiary farm Usolsky plant of mining equipment. |
| November 1, 1983 | Day of formation of military unit 03521 CDS. |
| 1985 | The building of the evening school (the former summer cottage of the manufacturer Perevalov) burned down. |
| 1988 | A children's art school was opened in the building of the boarding school. |
| 1992 | In the former building of kindergarten No. 24, a children's art school was opened with a music department, an art department, a woodworking class and a Vologda lace knitting class. |
| 1993 | Two libraries (village and trade union) were merged into one large library with a book fund of 24,000 copies. |
| 1994 | In the premises of the new library, a museum of the history and culture of the village was opened (headed by Zhelonikina G.S.). |
| 1999 | 130 years of the Khaitinsky Porcelain Factory. Plant stop. |
| 2000 | Opening of an orphanage. |
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| Mishelevskaya secondary school is recognized as the "School of the century" (director Evteeva V.I.). |
| May 2001 | S. Hayta. The “Khaitinsky” branch of the “Uzkolugsky branch of the Agricultural Joint-Stock Company “Belorechenskoye” was formed (director P.M. Gerasimov). |
| July 2001 | Severe flooding. Lots of destruction. |
| May 2002 | The village of Khaita was formed by the Khaitinsky branch of the Belorechenskoye Agricultural Joint-Stock Company (director A.N.Boklashko). |
| 2003 | Khaitinsky hospital celebrated its 75th anniversary. |
| 2004 | The Karl Marx Club celebrated its 85th Anniversary. |
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| 40th anniversary of the tradition of sailors-countrymen to celebrate the Day of the Navy in the village (organized by the Naval and Army Committee, chairman Captain 3rd Rank Barsukov G.I.). |
| Capital repairs bridge over the river Belaya. | |
| 2005 | The construction of a new boiler house has begun. |
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What UV radiation from the sun is
The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
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UV-A. Longwave radiation range
315–400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.
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UVB. Medium wave radiation range
280–315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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UVC. Shortwave radiation range
100–280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. Content carbon dioxide also changes all the time.
At what values of the UV index is there a danger
The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.
- 0–2 Low
- 3–5 Moderate
- 6–7 High
- 8–10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.
What is the benefit of the sun
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.
Why is the sun dangerous?
When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet destroys the DNA strand
How does the sun affect people?
Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is affected the most by the Sun?
people with light
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south
winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun most dangerous
The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places. beach holiday. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect against harmful rays, observe simple rules:
Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
Stay in the shade more on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in terms of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet light.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to apply sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.
How to apply sunscreen while swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight reflecting off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.
Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn
Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream
If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blisters), seek medical attention.
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