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Neurosis. Symptoms, causes, types, treatment and prevention of neurosis. Danger and consequences of neurosis Fixation on a traumatic situation treatment

Neurosis (or neurotic disorder) is a neuropsychiatric disorder manifested by various psycho-emotional, somatic and behavioral symptoms. It occurs quite often, refers to reversible disorders of the nervous system. It develops as a result of prolonged exposure to psycho-traumatic factors, emotional or mental stress, often under the influence of infections and other diseases.

general information
Who suffers from neurosis and how?
How do I know if I have neurosis?
What can neurosis lead to?
How to protect yourself from neurosis?
What should I do if I have a neurosis?

general information

The psychogenic nature of neurosis means that it is due to the action of predominantly psychological factors (experiencing a neurotic conflict) and is associated with the activation of the symptoms of the disorder in psychotraumatic situations.

Psychogenic factors are external or internal conflicts, psychological trauma, or prolonged overstrain of the emotional and / or intellectual spheres of the psyche.

The clinical picture is characterized by a decrease in mental and physical performance, as well as asthenic, obsessive and/or hysterical manifestations.

For the first time, the concept of "neurosis" was proposed back in 1776 by the Scottish physician William Cullen, but to this day in medicine it is difficult to find another concept that is interpreted by various scientific schools so ambiguously and sometimes contradictory.

There is no official classification of neuroses. Traditionally, three groups of the most common forms are distinguished: obsessive-compulsive disorder, hysteria, and neurasthenia.

As a rule, women are more prone to neurosis, they are more emotional, receptive, sensitive than men.

Who suffers from neurosis and how?

Various psychoanalytic theories present neurosis and its symptoms mainly as a consequence of the internal contradictions of a person.

According to the traditional psychotherapeutic point of view, coming from the works of Freud, neuroses are generated by unconscious internal conflicts. These may be conflicts between two opposing desires or between desires and social norms of behavior.

Causes of neuroses:

Constant mental overload, for example, exhausting work that takes all your strength, or chronic stress against the background of problems in your personal life or other emotional experiences.
Great exhaustion of the nervous system due to the inability to complete a task or solve a problem that has arisen.
Workaholism or inability to rest.
Congenital tendency to fatigue quickly, and then overwork.
Alcohol or drug abuse, smoking.
Debilitating illnesses (such as the flu).

Separately, obsessive-compulsive disorder is distinguished. All varieties of obsessive-compulsive disorders are characterized by a recurring feeling of fear, fear, phobia of something and / or someone: certain objects, activities, situations. A conclusion about the presence of a phobia is made when this condition interferes with the social and professional life of a person.

Obsessive states appear when a person forgot to do something important (turn off the gas, close the door, feed a child, etc.) or suffered a state of fear (heights, elevator stops, defenselessness, etc.).

Simple phobias are persistent unmotivated fears and / or the desire to avoid situations that can realize these fears (claustrophobia, agoraphobia, cancerophobia).

Social phobia is the fear of being placed in a difficult or humiliating position in society.

In obsessive-compulsive disorders, obsessive, “climbing” ideas, thoughts, “orders” to perform this or that action are disturbing.

Hysterical neurosis is most often a defensive reaction of the individual to an insoluble situation. Hysterical neurosis often occurs in people who are demonstrative, with great suggestibility, self-suggestibility.

Neurasthenia (or fatigue syndrome) is considered the most common form of neurosis.

Such a mental disorder occurs in response to prolonged exposure to a traumatic situation and is accompanied by high human fatigue, exhaustion. mental activity against the background of excessive excitability and constant grumpiness over trifles.

Moreover, excitability and irritability are protective methods from the final destruction of the nervous system. The reason for this state is in the conflict between the requirements for oneself (usually overestimated), desires, aspirations, needs of the individual and the inability to realize them for moral or other reasons.

This may be due to an underestimation or ignorance of the real conditions and / or requirements of other people. People with a sense of duty and anxiety, as well as those who do not get enough sleep and are burdened with many worries, are especially prone to neurasthenia.

How do I know if I have neurosis?

Anxiety is a common manifestation of neuroses. Many neurotic patients are often haunted by the fear of going insane, or contracting a serious illness, fear of death, fear of people or animals.

It can be emotional anxiety - constant anxious thoughts about a particular event or anxious expectations and fears associated with any events; obsessive anxious reflection on past events. Physical anxiety is manifested by muscle tension, the inability to relax, a feeling of "torsion" behind the sternum. Motor anxiety - impatience, restlessness, the need to constantly move to reduce anxiety; constant twitching of the legs.

The main symptoms of neurosis are divided into mental and somatic. With neurosis, disorders of the emotional sphere come to the fore.

Mental symptoms:

Emotional tension often manifests itself as occurring without visible reasons obsessive thoughts and actions, experiences and anxieties.
Uncertainty or inconsistency of the system of values, life desires and preferences, ideas about oneself, others and about life, cynicism.
Decrease in vital activity, aspirations for any activity.
Unpreparedness for stressful situations and an acute reaction to them.
Perhaps the development of phobias.
Indecision.
Pathological fatigue that is not relieved by rest and is not explained by physical causes.
Sensitivity to sudden changes in temperature, as well as to bright light and very loud sound.
The appearance of complexes about their communication,
Inadequate self-esteem: overestimated or underestimated.
Also, people who suffer from such phenomena as uncertainty or inconsistency, people who completely incorrectly set life priorities, and also determine their preferences, need the treatment of neuroses.
Easily changeable mood, dependent on trifles. Strong irritability.
Tearfulness, resentment, vulnerability
Sleep disorders.
"fixation" on traumatic situation.

Somatic symptoms:

Sharp headaches, in the abdomen, heart.
Trembling in the hands.
Frequent urination.
Quick fatigue with a small amount of work.
A sharp or gradual decrease in performance caused by drowsiness and darkening of the eyes.
The appearance of VVD (vegetative-vascular dystonia): palpitations, fluctuations in blood pressure (often downward).
Vestibular disorders: difficulty keeping balance, dizziness.
The appearance of sweating in acute forms.
Decreased libido and potency, exacerbation of prostatitis.
Any form of appetite disturbance (bulimia or malnutrition, hunger, but fast satiety when eating).
Sleep disorders: from insomnia to rapid drift into deep sleep. Sleep without a deep stage, superficial sleep accompanied by early awakening. Feeling sleepless or having nightmares.
Severe emotional trauma caused by worrying about one's own health.
Psychological experience of physical pain (psychalgia).
Excessive concern for one's health up to hypochondria. At the same time, there is a “desire for illness”. This is manifested by excessive attention to one's health, unreasonable anxiety for him, conviction in the presence of a disease that is actually absent.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is manifested by numerous obsessions, especially often in the form of phobias. Among obsessive-phobic disorders, agoraphobia, claustrophobia, fear of transport, public speaking, and others predominate.

There are also general neurotic symptoms (irritability, frequent startling in surprise, trembling in the hands, frequent urination, increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, autonomic disorders).

Obsessive-compulsive disorder, in comparison with other neuroses, shows a much more pronounced tendency to a protracted course.

The clinical picture of hysterical neurosis can be reduced to several groups of painful manifestations:

Inappropriate behaviour. People with hysterical neurosis are characterized by increased affectivity, impressionability, suggestibility and self-suggestibility, mood instability and forgetfulness. Their interpersonal relationships appear "energetic" on the surface, but in reality they are superficial. They try to give the impression of very busy, significant, influential personalities who are the center of events. Some of them threaten to commit suicide and often try to do it for real.
Autonomic disorders: high / low pressure, shortness of breath, tachycardia, arrhythmia, sweating, etc.
Movement disorders: convulsive seizures (without loss of consciousness and bruises), transient paresis and hysterical neurosis are often accompanied by transient blindness, deafness, loss of smell or taste.
Violations in the sexual sphere (impotence, decreased libido).

Also, neurosis can manifest itself from stamping feet, pulling out hair to rolling on the floor in convulsions. In this way, the patient derives certain benefits and can manipulate both his relatives and strangers.

So capricious children, deprived of attention, try to attract the attention of their parents to themselves, a hysterical wife can achieve the desired thing from her husband in this way, etc. When a person, falling into hysteria, gets what he wants, behavior is fixed and becomes a personal feature. Moreover, women are more prone to such mental disorders.

Manifestations of neurasthenia (asthenic neurosis):

Autonomic disorders: cardiac arrhythmias, high / low blood pressure, gastrointestinal disorders, excessive sweating).
Increased excitability, mental and physical fatigue, exhaustion of the nervous system.
"Irritable weakness": excessive irritability, intemperance, impatience.
Disorders of attention, impaired concentration.
Constant feeling of inner tension.
Instability of mood, often - depression.
Sleep disorders (difficulty falling asleep, early awakening, restless sleep, nightmares).
Violations in the sexual sphere (for example, decreased sexual desire, impotence).

What can neurosis lead to?

Neurosis leads to a pronounced disability - up to the inability to perform any work. In addition, irritability, intolerance of patients causes conflicts with loved ones, which further exacerbates the situation. With neurosis, first of all, the patient's quality of life suffers, he feels unhappy.

With neurosis, hysterical states, depression, and the manifestation of panic attacks or panic disorders and related phobias may also occur.

How to protect yourself from neurosis?

Do not accumulate negative energy, let it out. If something bad happened, you should not “just forget”, but get rid of it, talk it out with someone. The main thing is not to wind yourself up and do not overload your psyche.

To prevent the development of neurasthenia, it is recommended to alternate work with proper rest and walks in the fresh air, observe the daily routine. If it is impossible to eliminate the impact of a traumatic situation, you can do some simple thing that will help distract from negative thoughts.

To avoid obsessive-compulsive disorder will help increase self-esteem, confidence in one's importance, the development of independence and independence from others.

To prevent attacks of hysterical neurosis, temporary isolation of a person from others is useful.

What should I do if I have a neurosis?

Neurosis is successfully treated. Treatment, it includes drugs, a course of restorative therapy, as well as drugs that calm or stimulate (depending on the stage of the disease) the nervous system.

In the treatment of neuroses, the condition is examined first. internal organs person. After diagnosis, the complex of therapeutic measures includes drugs that regulate the functions of body systems. This is especially important in the treatment of systemic neurosis, phobias associated with the activity of the heart.

Vitamins should not be neglected, the nervous system requires an increased amount of vitamins A, B, C, PP. It is useful to consume more vegetable oil, vegetables and fruits. Avoid spicy food and alcohol.

If the cause of neurosis was overwork, it is required to restore the energy abilities of the nervous system. For this, drugs are shown that improve blood circulation and metabolism in the brain. Treating sleep disorders can help restore normal work nervous system.

The treatment of neuroses must also be psychotherapeutic. The doctor seeks to ensure that the patient is aware of his contradictions, built the most accurate picture of his personality.

The most intensive form of psychotherapy is psychoanalysis, and group therapy is also popular. At the same time, patients are combined into small therapeutic groups, in which the psychotherapist plays a leading role.

It is important for a person suffering from neurosis to learn relaxation techniques - as a result, he will be able to regulate his psycho-emotional state.

Try to be rational about what is happening. If this is a serious, vital problem, then it is worth focusing on it and trying to solve it. And if the problem isn't worth a damn, don't get stuck on it. Learn to control your emotions!

It is important to clearly define life goals and tasks, prioritize. It is also important to stimulate the will to live by offering a person tasks that lie outside his professional sphere. You need to set a goal and work hard towards it.

Neurosis is a set of psychogenic, functional reversible disorders that tend to have a long course. The clinical picture of neurosis is characterized by obsessive, asthenic or hysterical manifestations, as well as a temporary weakening of physical and mental performance. Also, neurosis is called psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder.

The cause of neurosis in adults in most cases are conflicts (internal or external), stress, the action of circumstances that cause psychological trauma, long-term overstrain of the emotional or intellectual spheres of the psyche.

IP Pavlov defined neurosis as a protracted, chronic disorder of higher nervous activity, provoked in the cerebral cortex by an overstrain of nervous processes and exposure to external stimuli inadequate in duration and strength. At the beginning of the 20th century, the use of the clinical term "neurosis" in relation not only to humans, but also to animals, led to many disputes among scientists. Basically, psychoanalytic theories present neurosis and its symptoms as a consequence of a psychological, latent conflict.

Causes of neurosis

The occurrence of this condition depends on many physical and psychological factors. Most often, specialists in clinical practice have to deal with such etiopathogenetic effects:

- prolonged emotional experiences or mental overload. For example, a high study load can lead to the development of neurosis in children, and in people of young and mature age, these factors are job loss, divorce, dissatisfaction with their lives;

- inability to solve personal problems. For example, the situation with overdue loans. Psychological long-term pressure from the bank may well lead to neurotic disorders;

- absent-mindedness, which led to a negative consequence. For example, a person left an electrical appliance on, and a fire broke out. In such cases, obsessive-compulsive disorder can develop, in which the person is constantly in doubt about the fact that he forgot to do something significant;

- intoxication and diseases leading to depletion of the body. For example, neuroses can arise as a result of infectious diseases that do not go away for a long time (flu, tuberculosis). Also, neuroses often develop in individuals who are dependent on the use of alcoholic beverages or tobacco;

- pathology of the development of the central nervous system, which is accompanied by an inability to long-term physical and mental work (congenital asthenia);

- disorders of a neurotic nature can develop for no apparent reason, acting as a consequence of the morbidity of the inner world and the patient's self-hypnosis. This form of the disease is often found in women with a hysteroid type of character.

Symptoms of neurosis

The clinical picture of neurosis is conditionally divided into two large groups: somatic and mental symptoms. Both of them are found in all types of neuropathic disorders, but each type of neurosis has its own characteristics that allow for differential diagnosis.

Symptoms of a neurosis of a psychopathic nature include the following manifestations:

- self-doubt, chronic anxiety, indecision, fatigue. The patient, being in this state, does not set himself life goals, does not believe in himself, is sure of the lack of success. Often, patients develop inferiority complexes regarding the lack of ability to communicate and dissatisfaction with their own appearance;

- the patient, experiencing constant fatigue, does not want to take any active steps in his studies and to advance at work, his working capacity is significantly reduced, and frequent sleep disturbances (drowsiness or insomnia) are noted.

In addition to the above, the signs of neurosis include inadequate, which can be both overestimated and underestimated.

Symptoms of neurosis of a somatic nature include the following manifestations:

- episodic pain in the heart that occurs at rest or during exercise;

- signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia, sweating, tremor of the limbs, severe anxiety, which are accompanied by hypotonic syndrome.

At the moments of a critical decrease in blood pressure, the patient may lose consciousness, faint.

Signs of neurosis in adults can manifest themselves in the appearance of psychalgia, which is characterized by the expression of pain without organic pathology.

Pain in such cases act as a panic reaction of the psyche to the expectation of this by the patient. Often a person has such a situation when exactly what happens to him is what he subconsciously does not let go of his thoughts and what he is afraid of.

Signs of neurosis

The following signs may indicate the presence of this disorder in a person:

- emotional distress for no apparent reason;

- problems in communication;

- frequent experience of feeling, anxiety, anxious expectation of something;

- indecision;

- instability of mood, its sharp or frequent variability;

- inconsistency and uncertainty of the system of values, life preferences and desires, cynicism;

- inadequate self-esteem: overestimation or underestimation;

- tearfulness;

- high sensitivity to stress in the form of despair or;

- anxiety, vulnerability, resentment;

- fixation on a traumatic situation;

- attempts to work quickly end in fatigue, decreased attention and mental ability;

- the occurrence of a person is noted hypersensitivity to temperature extremes, bright light, loud sounds;

- sleep disorders: sleep is disturbing, superficial, not bringing relief, drowsiness is noted in the morning;

- heart and headaches;

- increased fatigue, a feeling of fatigue, a general decrease in efficiency;

- darkening in the eyes from pressure drops, dizziness;

- pain in the abdomen;

- difficulty to keep balance, violations of the vestibular apparatus;

- violation of appetite (malnutrition, hunger, overeating, fast satiety when eating);

- sleep disturbances (insomnia), early awakening, poor falling asleep, lack of a full sense of rest after sleep, nocturnal awakenings, nightmares;

- psychological fear of physical pain, increased concern for one's health;

- autonomic disorders: increased sweating, palpitations, disruption of the stomach, jumps in blood pressure, increased urge to urinate, cough, loose stools;

- decreased potency and libido.

Forms of neurosis

Currently, the following forms of neurosis have become widespread:

The term "cognitive therapy" means the reproduction of a situation that caused anxiety and anxiety in a patient in a safe environment. This allows patients to reasonably assess what happened and draw the necessary conclusions. Cognitive therapy is often done during a hypnotic trance.
After the patient is removed from the neurotic state, a conversation is carried out with him regarding the further way of life, the search for his place in the world around him and the normalization of well-being. The patient is advised to get distracted and find ways to relax from the surrounding reality, to find any passion or hobby.

In cases where the methods of psychotherapy in the treatment of neuroses do not bring the expected result, it becomes necessary to carry out drug therapy.

For this, several groups of drugs are used:

- tranquilizers;

- neuroleptics;

- antidepressants;

- Nootropic drugs and psychostimulants.

Tranquilizers in their pharmacological effect are similar to antipsychotics, but they have a different mechanism of action, stimulating the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid. They have a pronounced sedative and relaxing effect. They are prescribed in short courses for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Tranquilizers reduce feelings of fear, anxiety, emotional tension. This makes the patient more accessible to psychotherapy.
Tranquilizers in large doses at first can cause a feeling of lethargy, drowsiness, mild nausea, weakness. In the future, these phenomena pass, and these drugs do not violate the ability to work. In view of the fact that tranquilizers slow down reaction time and reduce the activity of attention, it is necessary to prescribe them to transport drivers with great care.
In medical practice, tranquilizers are often prescribed - benzodiazepine derivatives - chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Elenium), Diazepam (Valium, Seduxen), Tazepam (Oxazepam), Eunoctin (Nitrazepam, Radedorm). They have anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, vegeto-normalizing and mild hypnotic effects.

Tranquilizers such as Andaksin (Meprotan, Meprobamate), and Trioxazin are also widely used. Each of the drugs has its own psychopharmacological characteristics.

When choosing tranquilizers, the psychotherapist takes into account not only the symptoms of the disorder, but also the patient's individual reaction to it. So, for example, some patients tolerate Trioxazin well and Seduxen (Diazepam) poorly, while others do the opposite.
Doses of the drug are selected individually, starting with one tablet of Seduxen (5 mg) or Librium (10 mg). Every day, the dose of the drug is increased by 1-2 tablets and an average of 10-30 mg of Seduxen or 20-60 mg of Librium is given.

Antipsychotics (Aminazine, etc.) have an antipsychotic effect, have a hypnotic and sedative effect, eliminate hallucinations, but with prolonged therapy they can cause depression. They are prescribed for the hysteroid form of neurosis.

Antidepressants (Amitriptyline, etc.) have a pronounced sedative effect. They are used for neurosis, accompanied by fear and anxiety. Can be used parenterally or in tablet form.

Nootropic drugs (Nootropil, etc.) and psychostimulants have an exciting effect, improve the emotional state, increase mental performance, reduce the feeling of fatigue, cause a feeling of a surge of strength and vigor, temporarily, prevent the onset of sleep. They are prescribed for depressive forms of neurosis.

These drugs should be prescribed with caution, as they include the "reserve" capabilities of the body, without eliminating the need for normal sleep and rest. In unstable psychopathic personalities, addiction can occur.

The physiological action of psychostimulants is in many respects somewhat similar to the action of adrenaline and caffeine, which also have stimulating properties.

Of the stimulants, Benzedrine (Phenamine, Amphetamine) is used more often than others, 5-10 mg 1-2 r. per day, Sidnokarb 5-10 mg 1-2 p. in the first half of the day.

In addition to general strengthening agents, in asthenic conditions, experts prescribe the following tonic drugs:

- ginseng root, 0.15 g, 1 t. 3 r. Per day or 25 drops 3 r. per day 1 hour before meals;

- tincture of lemongrass 20 drops 2 r. in a day;

- Eleutherococcus extract, half a teaspoonful 3 r. a day half an hour before meals;

- Leuzea extract 20 drops 2 r. a day before meals;

- tincture of sterculia 20 drops 2-3 r. in a day;

- tincture of lure 30 drops 2-3 r. in a day;

- tincture of Aralia 30 drops 2-3 r. in a day;

- Saparal 0.05 g, 1 t. 3 r. a day after meals;

- Pantocrine 30 drops 2-3 r. a day before meals.

To improve the quality of sleep and reduce effective tension, patients with neurosis are prescribed small doses of sleeping pills.

How to treat neurosis

With neuroses, calming music is very effective in treatment, which affects the psycho-emotional state. Scientists have already proven that properly selected music can influence the most important physiological reactions: heart rate, gas exchange processes, blood pressure, depth of breathing, and activity of the nervous system.
From the point of view, music can change the energy inside the body of an individual, achieving harmony at all levels - emotional, physical, spiritual.

Musical works can oppositely change the mood of a person. In this regard, all musical compositions are divided into activating and soothing. Psychotherapists use music as a method that promotes the production of endorphins and allows the patient to experience the most desirable emotions for him, helping to overcome depressive states.
Music therapy was officially recognized in Europe in the 19th century. Currently, music is used for stuttering, as well as mental, neurotic, psychosomatic diseases. Musical rhythms and sounds selectively affect a person. Classical etudes can relieve anxiety and tension, even out breathing, and relax muscles.

Internal conflicts and stresses make people find peace by turning to specialists, mastering effective methods relaxation, to restore the nervous system. Such techniques are accompanied by special melodies that serve as a background for them and have a relaxing effect.

A new direction "meditative music" appeared in music, including ethno-chants and folk music. The construction of such a melody takes place on repetitive elements, a combination of viscous enveloping rhythms and ethnic patterns.

Prevention of neuroses

As a rule, the prognosis for neuroses is favorable, but in order to cure them completely, a lot of effort, time, and sometimes even financial costs. That's why great importance has the prevention of neuroses.

It is very important in preventing states of neurosis to normalize the regime of work and rest, to have any hobby available, and to take regular walks in the fresh air. To relieve mental stress, you need to find a suitable opportunity, which can be a diary. It is required to accurately monitor the personal state of a person, and if the first symptoms of psychological overload occur, you should contact a specialized specialist.

If the state of neurosis was caused by seasonal depression, then light therapy or walks on sunny days are used to prevent and treat it.

Primary prevention of neurosis includes:

- prevention of psychotraumatic situations at home and at work;

Secondary prevention of the state of neurosis includes:

- prevention of relapses;

- changing the attitude of patients through conversations to traumatic situations (treatment by persuasion), suggestion and; when they are detected, timely treatment;

- Helping to increase the brightness in the room;

- diet therapy (balanced diet, refusal of alcoholic beverages and coffee);

- vitamin therapy, sufficient sleep;

- adequate and timely treatment of other diseases: cardiovascular, endocrine, cerebral atherosclerosis, iron and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia;

- exclusion of substance abuse, alcoholism.

Have a nice day. I ask you to explain to me that I am not going crazy and that there is no schizophrenia in me. After the death of my grandmother on the third day at evening, I stood in front of the mirror and marveled at the new one, but I wondered that I didn’t change anything in me, but to me it appeared like this, I found that day, standing in front of the mirror, asking myself who I was. strong because of the funeral. Lіg sleep vrantsі prokinuvshis alya in me began to zamorochennya in my head. I went to the line to school there, almost having spent my debt (before that, I buried three grandmothers and spent my debt at the funeral), they brought me to the likarni, and they brought me a vice. The next day everything happened again, and so it went on for two weeks, and then there was a confusion in my head, stronger constant vomiting, I feel like I’m dying, or I’m going crazy with a stronger heart attack and a lump in my throat. The doctor made a diagnosis of astheno-neurotic syndrome. After 3 weeks of jubilation, adding a new symptom to come in the evening, I start crying for nothing. They corrected me at the psychiatric clinic until I was diagnosed with neurosis, and they diagnosed F 48.0 and F 50.0-? . After lying there for two weeks, they wrote me down but my head was not getting better. I can see that I’m in the fog and I can see that I’m not alone like it was so full and lost, I marvel at the computer screen, I close my eyes tightly. I have a strong fear of going crazy, otherwise there would be no schizophrenia. Help be-weasel

Hello Vova. It will be superfluous to worry and go in cycles in new diagnoses in your case. You have reactive neurasthenia (F48.0) resulting from exposure to psychotraumatic factors. You need to slowly get out of your state, think about the good, avoid stressful situations, unrest, since the course of neurasthenia can be delayed due to the addition of other neurotic symptoms (separate obsessive doubts, fears, etc.).
- - Vladimir, everything will depend on your speedy desire to recover. A psychologist does not deal with treatment, only a psychotherapist will help you get out of this state. Adaptol will help ease anxiety, anxiety, fear, internal emotional stress. The drug does not reduce mental and motor activity, so it can be used during the working day.
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Hello. I am writing here in the hope of finding help with my condition. Recently, one fine day, my head began to hurt, I took trite Citramon, Fanigan. Then she began to disturb in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart, tobish in the left side of the chest. I started taking Valilol and Corvalol. Noticed that I take these prepatrap very often. I turned to a surgeon I knew, he examined me and decided that my pain was not related to the heart, and sent me to a cardiologist. The cardiologist did an ECG, said that there was no pathology in the heart. Next, the surgeon gave me a back massage and said that maybe there is a pinch in the region of the left shoulder blade and made me a blockade. It all started after the blockade, or rather my condition. I started feeling dizzy when walking, lack of coordination. Inside the body, everything is tense, hand tremor, chills. In the evenings, as the sun sets, there is a fever on the face, while there is no temperature, the face under the eyes becomes red. Anxious state. It seems to me that I am sick with something indistinguishable. I did an MRI of the brain, the result is normal, there are no pathologies. Sluggish state. Being outside is more annoying. Irritability to everything, impatience in everything. I myself am essentially suspicious. But this condition and lack of coordination ruined my usual life. I did the tests, the result is normal. I constantly think about my condition, I can not get distracted. My brain only thinks about my condition. Sudden movements and sounds annoy me so much that I twitch from it. Libido is broken, there is no interest in intimacy at all.
Please tell me what's wrong with me? Thank you very much in advance for your attention.

Hello! My name is Anastasia! 24 years old, two kids! From childhood, she was distinguished by high suspiciousness and empathy, after giving birth, panic attacks began! I learned to fight and perceive them normally, thanks to books and videos!
But anxiety and neurosis remained, and for nothing, for someone to get sick all the time, I get out of the rut, everything ceases to please, complete pessimism! ((((
I visited a psychotherapist, prescribed gidozepam and Simon, there were terrible side effects after which I simply stopped taking it! Please help, in which direction to work, and how exactly?

Hello Anastasia. In any case, medical preparations are necessary (others should be selected) in order to maintain a normal psycho-emotional state. We recommend that you additionally get advice and undergo an examination by an endocrinologist, perhaps hormonal failure is the cause of anxiety.

Hello! I am 38, husband, two children, everything in life is good. Against the background of normal life, in March there was an attack (sympatho-adrenal crisis), since then it has begun ... The attacks themselves were 3 times, in principle, I learned to fight them (either Corvalol, or 1/4 Phenazepam - the doctor prescribed). But the condition that lasts for weeks is absolutely unsettling, it interferes with living and enjoying life, because you don’t know when it will cover: unpleasant sensations in the stomach, as if very frightened, the heart is pounding, the pressure rises a little. She became nervous, the state of a “taut string.” I drink anaprilin, but the symptoms do not go away. The spine was treated, the osteopath and the chiropractor corrected everything. The heart is healthy, the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and hormones are normal ... I visited a neurologist, a cardiologist and a psychoendocrinologist. Pand thinks I'm genetically deficient in neurotransmitters. She suggested taking antidepressants. But I have a great mood without exacerbations, a surge of strength, and summer is now - the sun, walks, long daylight hours. Just depression would have nothing to come from, my only experience is just this incomprehensible state without reasons!
A lot of money has already been spent, but there is no result. Doctors do not see any special problems, but how can I live?? Does it look like a neurosis (I am very emotional, like my mother, but I did not suffer from depression, I will quickly flare up, cry and everything is ok)? It is possible that this deferred stress manifested itself in this way (the youngest had 5-month colic, it was very difficult emotionally for several hours to carry a baby screaming until he was blue in the face; nighttime waking up, nerves all the time “in good shape”)? To whom should I go to a specialist? Hypnosis will help (but I don't have a psychotrauma that causes PA)?
In general, help me get back to normal life! I'm tired…

If a doctor prescribes antidepressants, then this is not just. They treat not only depression but also panic attacks that you have. I'm surprised the doctor didn't tell you this. And if you have panic attacks, you should not quit antidepressants until you drink the time prescribed by the doctor, otherwise panic attacks may return. effect must be fixed. If the drug is not "Valdoxan", before you stop drinking, you need to gradually reduce the dosage to avoid withdrawal syndrome.

Hello. Girl, 25 years old. I had prolonged stress, after which, when falling asleep, tremors in my chest began, as if throwing me out of sleep. After a few such shocks, sleep came and everything was fine, it didn’t bother me much. But then there was a strong nervous breakdown, and I didn’t sleep at all at night (I lay, thoughts swarmed in my head like hallucinations, a terrible state, but I couldn’t fall asleep). After that, I started having trouble sleeping. For the first few days, the feeling was such that I couldn’t sleep at all, I was ready to throw myself out the window, from horror. Then my mother convinced me for a long time, saying that it’s okay, everything will pass. And my friends said the same. Week later. I sleep, I didn’t use sleeping pills and I’m not going to, I drink a sedative collection No. 2, motherwort, magnerot and valoserdin before bedtime. Previously, I spent the whole working day only thinking about my problem, it seemed to me that I would never get out of this and would not be able to sleep normally (I am a terrible hypochondriac, I am afraid of illnesses in general). I tried to turn to a neuropathologist, but he said that he would prescribe blood pressure for me and that's all .... but damn, the problem here is something else, in the head, in anxiety, and I understand that. I go to bed as a result at 21.30, I sleep in earplugs and a bandage, only under a cartoon, in recent times it only makes it worse, it wakes me up. Every morning I analyze my sleep and try to understand how to improve it, and make this terrible state go away once and for all. You see, I'm not afraid that I won't fall asleep at all. I lie and wait, well, when already, when the pancake. I did different methods cold and hot shower etc. Previously, before all this, she lay down and simply fell asleep, at least at three in the morning, at least at one. And today I woke up at one in the morning (I also wake up all the time), and went on to fall asleep and again these stupid hallucinations-thoughts from which only drowsiness. I'm already lying, specifically concentrating on breathing, just to knock them out of my head. This has been going on for almost two weeks. My life seemed to be divided into before and after. I eliminated all external conflicts, I try to react to everything calmly. I rarely think about my sleep problem. But it is extremely difficult for me to fall asleep, the comparison comes as if it is necessary to seep through a concrete wall. Now I have a vacation soon and I will go to my parents. Tell me will it pass? Are these difficulties with falling asleep? And how to make your brain understand that it’s not scary to sleep and stop getting so excited? I beg you, help me!

Hello Anna. Considering that you have a vacation soon, you should use it correctly: stay in the fresh air as much as possible, take sunbaths, swim in ponds. Active rest normalizes sleep.
- Hello again. Me again, Anna. In general, for 2 months I did not feel much better. At first I woke up every 1.5 hours, then it went away. Now I just wake up at night or in the morning at 4-5 o'clock and can't go back to sleep. Sometimes, out of desperation, she began to drink donormil and melaxen. I'm really tired of it, it feels like it will never end. And she drank motherwort, and valerian, and glycine and magnesium and vitamins B - nothing helped. I became calmer, acute stress has passed, now it’s just some kind of despair. I'm afraid to get depressed. Because of this fucking dream, nothing pleases. Help me, or is it just to see a psychotherapist before it's too late?

The meditations of V. Sinelnikov helped me. Can't remember the name, it's on youtube. I listened and fell asleep with headphones on. I woke up at night every 2 hours. I listened for a long time.

In fact, antidepressants treat the head and treat not only depression, but also the nerves that cause sleep problems. A doctor wouldn't just prescribe them. Most likely, the doctor wanted to prescribe antidepressants with a hypnotic effect.

Good evening. At the end of 2017, I got sick. In January 2018, for the first time, I was struck by PA, tachycardia. Then I completely collapsed with a state of "as if I'm dying." I didn't understand what was happening. I was constantly crying, twisting thoughts in my head that something was wrong with my brain. And then a nightmare began, through which I somehow began to go through: doctors, tests, ultrasound, endless conversations that something was wrong, I could not correctly and clearly explain what was happening to me. The doctors didn't understand either. I was constantly shaking, I was losing weight, my hair began to fall out, my heart was constantly beating wildly, even at rest; I couldn't sleep, I couldn't eat. I stopped perceiving and feeling the world correctly. It seemed to me that I had lost the feelings that I had before. Everything around was not the same ... It was my brain that began to perceive everything incorrectly. This state is still. I'm afraid of him, because I invent some kind of illness for myself in the brain. I'm scared. Really scary. I went through agoraphobia without leaving home for almost 3 months. Then I forced myself to go to my parents, I thought it would be easier, but no. Even more covered me. At the moment, nothing has changed, some of my fears, such as agoraphobia, I overcame, but everything else is still beyond my control. Sometimes I am afraid that something is really wrong with me and I am seriously ill, although the test results are good. I'm tired of being in a state of alienation. Tell me, is it a neurosis or something else? Thanks for the answer.

Hello. My name is Katerina. I am 23. I work with children at school. For 7 years I have been trying to get used to the idea that I will never have a chance to work in my profession (Main). Disease of the musculoskeletal system (knees, and then the back). At the age of 16, doctors stated that I shouldn’t be an artist-dancer, but it’s also not desirable to be a choreographer. She left the profession (she studied at that moment at the choreographic school), completely changed her activities. For a year I lay at home in the dark with breaks for unloved studies. Then I realized that this is no longer possible. Looking for hobbies, hobbies. But the choreography haunted me. They were invited to work. Worked. At least a few hours a week in this area. She cried and again agreed to take groups. I decided to change everything, went to another city. Changed profession. 2 educational institutions for a red diploma. It didn't get any easier. I was invited to a dance project, a teacher in a summer camp. I put the numbers, and in the evening, with tears and a cigarette, I try to get together and live another day. During the whole time I tried to close these doors for myself forever. But no way. There is less and less meaning in this existence. Operated the knee. 2 times. Doctors do not console, "If you want to walk at 40, quit." The spine is crumbling. Trying to live with physical pain. It turns out. Almost got used to it. There is no goal. Why I wake up in the morning - I don’t know either. Nightmares. The state that I didn’t sleep and it would be better not to go to bed, because I wake up all in a tear and sometimes from my own cry. Closed from everyone, pretending that everything is fine. A year ago, it got to the point that 3 lay and could not get up. I didn't have the strength to go to the restroom. Slowly she forced herself to move on. I don't talk about it with my friends. Do not understand. Closed. I pretend everything is fine. Any situation is uncomfortable - there are tears in the eyes. Annoyance for everything. And one question, is it always going to be like this? No strength. I go to work and I understand that all this is pointless. This mortgage, work, vacation. And then the children, the family. And all this is for nothing. Joy is long gone. 3 years ago. Didn't ask for help. I don't know to whom. Tell me please. Someone is ashamed to talk about it. I'm young, what problems can I have. (So they once said.) Then the thought arose that maybe I invented everything for myself? Or is it really a problem and already the beginning of some kind of illness?
Thank you.

Karina, don't give up! You are young, you have to live on, I'm not a doctor, my joints also hurt, I drink various supplements, sometimes they exasperate the pain, but I don't give up. Good luck, health, strength, patience.

So this is ... You have a direct road to a psychotherapist, I myself walk around once a year, being a cheerful, kind, smart young man, we communicate 4 hours an hour a week and everything falls into place. Therefore, advice to you is only to a psychologist or psychotherapist, after 2 months you will not recognize yourself. I noticed a lot of people “chasing” either not handsome or sick, or they come up with something else for themselves. but it's in the "sick" head .. Good luck to you

Karina I went through all this. You need a qualified doctor to fix your back and knees. These are all problems for 99% of the back. I had panic attacks all the time. I hid in a corner and waited for my end to come. I can be said to have been put on my feet by a neuropathologist .. who had deep knowledge in the field of acupuncture and manual therapy. Good luck to you.

Hello. 3 weeks ago, I miraculously saved my two-year-old daughter, she almost drowned in cesspool from the husband's parents. Now it seems to me that this is a dream, I’m afraid to wake up, and it turns out that I didn’t save her. A constant feeling of anxiety and fear. I'm going crazy?

Good afternoon, my name is Alina, I suffer from a heart disease, or rather, a year ago, an artificial heart pacemaker was installed. According to the doctors, everything is fine with me, my heart began to work as it should, and after the operation, constant feelings of anxiety began. Sometimes a straight wave passes, trembling in the hands begins, the heart beats furiously, cold sweat passes and states as if now I will faint or die. At the time of such attacks, she was checked by doctors, they said that everything was in order with her heart and recommended that she consult a neurologist. After consulting a neurologist, they put a pinch cervical, underwent a course of massage and various therapies, including medicinal ones, for some time it got better, but the attacks began to recur, there are still very often panic attacks in public transport and all the time it’s like the head is in some kind of dope, slight intoxication, alcohol is not I use. The feeling of joy is also very rare. A husband, a child, I want to enjoy life, and sometimes melancholy devours because of such a state and a constant feeling of fatigue, a mad desire to go into a deep sleep. So I began to think, maybe it’s all the same, the state of neurosis overtakes me

Alina, good afternoon. You wrote everything like mine, word for word. I've been struggling with this for 4 years now and nothing happens. I really don't know what to do anymore. These fears .. and no desire to live.

Hello. The familiar family is dysfunctional: severe poverty, frequent internal conflicts, in which children are actively drawn. The eldest boy, 12 years old, systematically rudely quarrels with his mother, at the time of quarrels with her he often falls into a protracted tantrum, alternately sobbing, then aggressively insulting his mother, almost spreading his arms. At the same time, he may not be embarrassed by the presence of strangers. The mother herself complains that in special cases, the son breaks things or grabs sharp objects, threatens to cut everyone. Literally the other day, for the sixth time, he was taken by ambulance to a psychoneurological dispensary, and on the day of hospitalization, on the contrary, he was unusually calm at first, in another argument he even yielded to his mother, and then suddenly, according to his mother, he himself began to ask to call an ambulance ', saying that he needed the pills they treated him with. Otherwise, he said, he would start “smashing everything” and beating up the family. Currently, he is back in the dispensary for treatment. The mother says that upon leaving the dispensary, she always behaves calmly at first, becomes affectionate and affectionate towards her, and then again her behavior becomes worse until the next hospitalization.
But the most important thing is that with other people, outside the family, he behaves absolutely adequately, there are no special oddities in his behavior. With the exception of occasional slight, although long lasting - until you get really tired, excitement, but even at this moment the behavior does not go beyond the usual mischief, retains complete clarity of judgment and perception. It calms down if you just hug and hold tightly for a couple of minutes. It is also noticeable that when there is a conversation on topics that concern him, his shoulders begin to twitch, but he still behaves in the same balanced way, trying not to show that he is excited or upset. More than once we walked with this boy in nature: he also behaves absolutely normally, obeys, is careful where necessary, only on the way back he begins to delay the return in every possible way under various pretexts. In general, fits of hysterics and aggression happen only at home (sometimes at school) and are directed mainly at the mother. When we talked about this, he claims that his mother is exaggerating, and in general, he says that he holds a grudge against her. However, it is not just that he is systematically placed in a psycho-neurological dispensary. On the day of the last hospitalization, he came to my work, he was calm; I seemed to be somewhat depressed, and I also noticed that he was especially reluctant to go home that day. But he still left when the time came, without much protest.
The mother says that she herself does not know what diagnosis he is given in the dispensary. Either they refer to medical secrecy, or something else. But what secret can be for the legal representative of the child? Due to the fact that he had already been admitted to a psycho-neurological dispensary several times, his mother tries to apply for disability for him, but she is refused, saying that there are no grounds.
Please tell me what kind of neuropsychiatric disorder he may have? There is such a situation in the family that it is not surprising that the child is hysterical and scandalous, but is it because of this that they are placed in a psycho-neurological hospital? In other places, he behaves quite normally. He is registered with the Inspectorate for Juvenile Affairs, but has not been seen in any violations for a long time, except for a late return home. Sorry for the verbosity.

Hello Zakir. Children aged 4-14 admitted to a psychiatric hospital are admitted to children's departments. If there is no adolescent department or ward in the hospital, adolescents are admitted to the adult department.
The room is made only by a psychiatrist. If a person subject to hospitalization has not reached the age of sixteen or is not capable of free will due to his mental state, consent to hospitalization must be obtained from his relatives. Patients who, due to their mental state, represent an immediate danger to themselves or others and who require mandatory treatment, may be hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital without their consent and without prior notification and consent of their relatives. If the applicant has no indications for hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, the doctor on duty refuses admission.
Patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in the order of emergency hospitalization are subject within 48 hours from the moment of admission, excluding general weekends and holidays, to an examination by a commission of psychiatrists, which considers the question of the validity of hospitalization and the need for compulsory treatment.
It is impossible to answer your question about the diagnosis. A clinical diagnosis in the medical history is made by the attending physician when conducting all the necessary studies and obtaining objective medical history data. The formulation of the diagnosis is given in accordance with the current statistical classification of the disease. Without the consent of a citizen, information cannot be transferred to anyone (except in cases specifically established by law). To provide information (including relatives, written permission is required). An exception is only for actually dying patients, and then if the patient has not forbidden it.

Hello. Girl, 17 years old. Frequent mood swings, it happens that I cry several times a day. I've been in this state for about a year. I have very low self-esteem, but at the same time very high. I have neither mental nor physical strength to do something, I get tired very quickly. I have a bad sleep, I can hardly fall asleep, and in the morning it’s as if I didn’t sleep. I don’t feel safe, it happens that for a long time I can’t decide on some kind of action. You can’t get out of this state on your own, all the energy is spent on motivation. Often sweaty palms, rapid heartbeat. The stomach and intestines react especially strongly to all this, + problems with the thyroid gland (GOI). I so assume, what is it can be a neurosis. Please answer and help with advice: how best to proceed and which specialist to contact.

Hello. I'm 28 years old. I occasionally get depressed, but not often. A year ago, gradually, for no apparent reason, I became “sad”. I live alone. There are no friends. Only work colleagues. I don't drink, I don't smoke. Lost interest in work and exercise. He did everything by force. Frequent headaches, aching pain in the region of the heart (he checked the heart - everything is fine). I didn't sleep well, I woke up very early. Guilt, then self-hatred, thoughts of suicide, heated to a red state with a knife, burned his hand. This has happened before, but not for so long. It is very embarrassing to talk about this with someone (they will then know that I am a freak). Now almost normal. How can I help myself the next time it hits me again? Who to contact?

IM 42 years old. Lately I have bad dream, during the day, a feeling of anxiety and concern for one's own physical health. At the slightest indisposition, I fear for my life and fear death. On top of that, I read all sorts of articles on the Internet about cancer and this aggravated the situation. I often weigh myself to make sure I'm not losing weight (losing weight is often a sign of cancer). Weight is normal, there is appetite, working capacity too, but there is a feeling as if the head was transplanted from someone else's shoulder, there are headaches, feelings of compression of the head, at times involuntary muscle movements in different parts of the body, loud sounds are annoying and bright daylight. It's hard to focus your eyes. Plus, the libido has dropped noticeably, although there is a loving wife. Please tell me what is the problem and how to overcome it. Thank you!

- Depressive neurosis is 99% suitable for me. PA is only one of the heads of this "hydra" and it is precisely what should be treated, and I'm afraid psychoanalysis is not enough, and afabazole only relieves seizures, but does not heal, the disease does not go to a milder level. Alcohol used to help me, but now the reaction of the body is reversed, I drank a glass - I had an attack, right away, as soon as the alcohol began to enter the bloodstream. Breathing exercises easily relieve attacks, but again they do not cure. I would like to have a more radical effect on the disease!
  - Ivan, subject to correct treatment, depressive neurosis passes quite quickly and without a trace. The vast majority of patients with panic attacks show signs of depression.
    Psychoanalytic theory interprets the occurrence of a panic attack as a “crushed” internal conflict, which finds a way out in bodily manifestations. Panic attacks can be a manifestation of some kind of disease or the result of a wrong lifestyle. Therefore, in your case, it is necessary to find the cause, and only after the exclusion of all possible somatic pathology, a cure is possible.
    To cope with an attack on your own, you are doing the right thing when you are engaged in breathing regulation, you can also be distracted and take a sedative.
    Effective treatment of depressive neurosis is possible only with an integrated approach using medicines, psychological assistance, physiotherapy exercises and physiotherapy.
    Persuasion treatment is widespread, which consists in the logical study of a traumatic situation in order to change a person's attitude towards it. Psychologists often use the process of self-hypnosis - the patient speaking certain phrases, forming a new look at a particular situation, which changes the mood at the subconscious level. Antidepressants are the mainstay of medical treatment. Physiotherapeutic methods include: electrosleep, general massage, massage of the cervical-collar zone, water procedures, darsonvalization, reflexology. Well reduce the symptoms of neurosis playing sports or just regular exercise.

Functional disorders of higher nervous activity of psychogenic origin. The clinic of neuroses is very diverse and may include somatic neurotic disorders, vegetative disorders, various phobias, dysthymia, obsessions, compulsions, emotional-mnestic problems. It is possible to establish the diagnosis of "neurosis" only after excluding psychiatric, neurological and somatic diseases similar to it in the clinic. Treatment has 2 main components: psychotherapeutic (psychocorrection, trainings, art therapy) and medication (antidepressants, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, restorative drugs).

General information

Neurosis as a term was introduced in 1776 in Scotland by a doctor named Kuplen. This was done in opposition to J. Morgagni's earlier assertion that each disease is based on a morphological substrate. The author of the term "neurosis" meant by it functional disorders health, not having an organic lesion of any organ. Subsequently, the well-known Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov.

In ICD-10, the term "neurotic disorder" is used instead of the term "neurosis". However, today the concept of "neurosis" is widely used in relation to psychogenic disorders of higher nervous activity, i.e., caused by the action of chronic or acute stress. If the same disorders are associated with the influence of other etiological factors (for example, toxic effects, trauma, illness), then they are referred to as so-called neurosis-like syndromes.

In the modern world, neurosis is a fairly common disorder. In developed countries, from 10% to 20% of the population, including children, suffer from various forms of neurotic disorders. In the structure of mental disorders, neuroses account for about 20-25%. Since the symptoms of neurosis are often not only psychological, but also somatic in nature, this issue is relevant both for clinical psychology and neurology, and for a number of other disciplines.

Causes of neurosis

Despite the diverse research in this area, the true cause of neurosis and the pathogenesis of its development are not known for certain. For a long time, neurosis was considered an information disease associated with intellectual overload and a high pace of life. In this regard, the lower incidence of neuroses in rural areas was explained by their more relaxed lifestyle. However, studies conducted among air traffic controllers have refuted these assumptions. It turned out that, despite the hard work that requires constant attention, quick analysis and response, dispatchers suffer from neuroses no more often than people of other specialties. Among the reasons for their morbidity, mainly family troubles and conflicts with superiors were indicated, rather than overwork in the process of work.

Other studies, as well as the results of psychological testing of patients with neurosis, have shown that it is not the quantitative parameters of the traumatic factor (multiplicity, strength) that are of decisive importance, but its subjective significance for a particular individual. Thus, the external trigger situations that provoke a neurosis are very individual and depend on the patient's value system. Under certain conditions, any situation, even everyday, can form the basis for the development of a neurosis. At the same time, many experts come to the conclusion that it is not the stressful situation itself that matters, but the wrong attitude towards it, as destroying the personal prosperous present or threatening the personal future.

A certain role in the development of neurosis belongs to the psychophysiological characteristics of a person. It is noted that people with increased suspiciousness, demonstrativeness, emotionality, rigidity, and subdepression are more likely to fall ill with this disorder. Perhaps the greater emotional lability of women is one of the factors leading to the fact that the development of neurosis in them is observed 2 times more often than in men. Hereditary predisposition to neurosis is realized precisely through the inheritance of certain personality traits. In addition, an increased risk of developing neurosis exists during periods of hormonal changes (puberty, menopause) and in people who had neurotic reactions in childhood (enuresis, logoneurosis, etc.).

Pathogenesis

The modern understanding of the pathogenesis of neurosis assigns the main role in its development to functional disorders of the limbic-reticular complex, primarily the hypothalamic part of the diencephalon. These brain structures are responsible for providing internal connections and interaction between the autonomic, emotional, endocrine and visceral spheres. Under the influence of an acute or chronic stressful situation, a violation of integrative processes in the brain occurs with the development of maladjustment. At the same time, no morphological changes in the brain tissues are noted. Since the processes of disintegration cover the visceral sphere and the autonomic nervous system, in the clinic of neurosis, along with mental manifestations, somatic symptoms and signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia are observed.

Disorders of the limbic-reticular complex in neuroses are combined with neurotransmitter dysfunction. Thus, the study of the mechanism of anxiety revealed the insufficiency of the noradrenergic systems of the brain. There is an assumption that pathological anxiety is associated with an anomaly of benzodiazepine and GABAergic receptors or a decrease in the number of neurotransmitters acting on them. The effectiveness of anxiety therapy with benzodiazepine tranquilizers supports this hypothesis. The positive effect of antidepressants affecting the functioning of the serotonergic system of the brain indicates a pathogenetic relationship between neurosis and disorders of serotonin metabolism in cerebral structures.

Classification

Personal characteristics, the psychophysiological state of the body and the specifics of the dysfunction of various neurotransmitter systems determine the variety of clinical forms of neuroses. In Russian neurology, the main 3 types of neurotic disorders are distinguished: neurasthenia, hysterical neurosis (conversion disorder) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (obsessive-compulsive disorder). All of them are discussed in detail in the corresponding reviews.

Depressive neurosis, hypochondriacal neurosis, phobic neurosis are also distinguished as independent nosological units. The latter is partly included in the structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder, since obsessions (obsessions) rarely have an isolated character and are usually accompanied by obsessive phobias. On the other hand, in the ICD-10, anxiety-phobic neurosis is taken out as a separate item with the name “anxiety disorders”. According to the peculiarities of clinical manifestations, it is classified as panic attacks (paroxysmal autonomic crises), generalized anxiety disorder, social phobias, agoraphobia, nosophobia, claustrophobia, logophobia, aichmophobia, etc.

Neuroses also include somatoform (psychosomatic) and post-stress disorders. With somatoform neurosis, the patient's complaints fully correspond to the clinic of a somatic disease (for example, angina pectoris, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis, colitis), however, upon detailed examination with laboratory tests, ECG, gastroscopy, ultrasound, irrigoscopy, colonoscopy, etc., this pathology is not detected. In the anamnesis there is a presence of a traumatic situation. Post-stress neuroses are observed in people who have experienced natural disasters, man-made accidents, military operations, terrorist attacks, and other mass tragedies. They are divided into acute and chronic. The first are transient and appear during or immediately after the tragic events, as a rule, in the form of a hysterical fit. The latter gradually lead to a change in personality and social maladjustment (for example, an Afghan neurosis).

Stages of neurosis development

In its development, neurotic disorders go through 3 stages. In the first two stages, due to external circumstances, internal causes or under the influence of the ongoing treatment, the neurosis can cease to exist without a trace. In cases of prolonged exposure to a traumatic trigger (chronic stress), in the absence of professional psychotherapeutic and / or medication support for the patient, the 3rd stage occurs - the disease passes into the stage of chronic neurosis. There are persistent changes in the structure of the personality, which remain in it even under the condition of effectively carried out therapy.

The first stage in the dynamics of neurosis is considered to be a neurotic reaction - a short-term neurotic disorder lasting no more than 1 month, resulting from acute psychotrauma. Typical for childhood. As a single case, it can occur in completely mentally healthy people.

A longer course of a neurotic disorder, a change in behavioral reactions, and the appearance of an assessment of one's illness indicate the development of a neurotic state, that is, a neurosis proper. An uncontrolled neurotic state within 6 months - 2 years leads to the formation of a neurotic personality development. Relatives of the patient and he himself speak of a significant change in his character and behavior, often reflecting the situation with the phrase “he/she was changed”.

General symptoms of neuroses

Vegetative disorders are polysystemic in nature, can be both permanent and paroxysmal (panic attacks). Disorders of the function of the nervous system are manifested by tension headache, hyperesthesia, dizziness and a feeling of instability when walking, tremors, shudders, paresthesias, muscle twitches. Sleep disorders are observed in 40% of patients with neuroses. They are usually represented by insomnia and daytime hypersomnia.

neurotic dysfunction of cardio-vascular system includes: discomfort in the cardiac region, arterial hypertension or hypotension, rhythm disturbances (extrasystole, tachycardia), cardialgia, pseudocoronary insufficiency syndrome, Raynaud's syndrome. Respiratory disorders observed in neurosis are characterized by a feeling of lack of air, a lump in the throat or suffocation, neurotic hiccups and yawning, fear of suffocation, an imaginary loss of respiratory automatism.

On the part of the digestive system, dry mouth, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, heartburn, flatulence, unclear abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation may occur. Neurotic disorders of the genitourinary system cause cystalgia, pollakiuria, itching or pain in the genital area, enuresis, frigidity, decreased libido, premature ejaculation in men. Disorder of thermoregulation leads to periodic chills, hyperhidrosis, subfebrile condition. With neurosis, dermatological problems can occur - rashes like urticaria, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis.

A typical symptom of many neuroses is asthenia - increased fatigue both in the mental sphere and in the physical one. Often there is an anxiety syndrome - a constant expectation of upcoming unpleasant events or dangers. Phobias are possible - fears of an obsessive type. In neurosis, they are usually specific, related to a particular subject or event. In some cases, neurosis is accompanied by compulsions - stereotypical obsessive motor acts, which can be rituals corresponding to certain obsessions. Obsessions - painful obsessive memories, thoughts, images, drives. As a rule, they are combined with compulsions and phobias. In some patients, neurosis is accompanied by dysthymia - low mood with a feeling of grief, longing, loss, despondency, sadness.

The mnestic disorders that often accompany neurosis include forgetfulness, memory impairment, greater distractibility, inattention, inability to concentrate, an affective type of thinking, and some narrowing of consciousness.

Diagnostics

The leading role in the diagnosis of neurosis is played by the identification of a traumatic trigger in the anamnesis, the data of the patient's psychological testing, studies of the personality structure and pathopsychological examination.

In the neurological status of patients with neurosis, no focal symptoms are detected. Perhaps a general revival of reflexes, hyperhidrosis of the palms, tremor of the fingertips when stretching the arms forward. The exclusion of cerebral pathology of organic or vascular origin is carried out by a neurologist using EEG, MRI of the brain, REG, ultrasound of the vessels of the head. With severe sleep disorders, it is possible to consult a somnologist and conduct polysomnography.

A differential diagnosis of neurosis is needed with clinically similar psychiatric (schizophrenia, psychopathy, bipolar disorder) and somatic (angina pectoris,

Treatment of neurosis

The basis of the treatment of neurosis is the elimination of the impact of a traumatic trigger. This is possible either with the resolution of a traumatic situation (which is extremely rare), or with such a change in the patient's attitude to the current situation, when it ceases to be a traumatic factor for him. In this regard, leading in the treatment is psychotherapy.

Traditionally, in relation to neurosis, mainly complex treatment is used, combining psychotherapeutic methods and pharmacotherapy. In mild cases, psychotherapeutic treatment alone may be sufficient. It is aimed at revising the attitude to the situation and resolving the internal conflict of the patient with neurosis. Of the methods of psychotherapy, it is possible to use psychocorrection, cognitive training, art therapy, psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Additionally, training in relaxation methods is provided; in some cases, hypnotherapy. Therapy is carried out by a psychotherapist or medical psychologist.

Drug treatment of neurosis is based on the neurotransmitter aspects of its pathogenesis. It has an auxiliary role: it facilitates work on oneself in the course of psychotherapeutic treatment and consolidates its results. With asthenia, depression, phobias, anxiety, panic attacks, the leading antidepressants are: imipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, St. John's wort extract; more modern - sertraline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, paroxetine. Anxiolytic drugs are additionally used in the treatment of anxiety disorders and phobias. With neuroses with mild manifestations, herbal sedative preparations and short courses of mild tranquilizers (mebicar) are indicated. With advanced disorders, preference is given to tranquilizers of the benzodiazepine series (alprazolam, clonazepam). With hysterical and hypochondriacal manifestations, it is possible to prescribe small doses of neuroleptics (tiapride, sulpiride, thioridazine).

As a supportive and restorative therapy for neurosis, multivitamins, adaptogens, glycine, reflexology and physiotherapy (electrosleep, darsonvalization, massage, hydrotherapy) are used.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis of neurosis depends on its type, stage of development and duration of the course, the timeliness and adequacy of the psychological and medical care. In most cases, timely therapy leads, if not to a cure, then to a significant improvement in the patient's condition. The long existence of neurosis is dangerous with irreversible personality changes and the risk of suicide.

A good prevention of neuroses is to prevent the occurrence of traumatic situations, especially in childhood. But the best way it can be cultivating in oneself the right attitude to incoming events and people, developing an adequate system of life priorities, getting rid of delusions. Strengthening the psyche is also facilitated by sufficient sleep, good work and an active lifestyle, healthy nutrition, hardening.

Good day, dear readers!

In today's article, we will consider with you such a pathological condition of a person as neurosis, as well as its causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis, treatment with traditional and folk remedies and prevention of neurosis. We also invite you to participate in the discussion of this state. So…

What is a neurosis?

Neurosis (neurotic disorder, psychoneurosis)- this is a destructive state caused by prolonged stressful situations that cause exhaustion of the nervous system, accompanied by a change in the psycho-emotional state, decreased performance, obsessive thoughts, hysteria and asthenic manifestations.

The term "neurosis" was coined by the Scottish physician William Cullen in the twentieth century. Since that time, this term has undergone various interpretations and has not received an unambiguous interpretation until today.

Neurosis is the most common mental illness in the world. According to WHO, over the past 70 years, the number of people suffering from neurosis has increased 25 times. According to unofficial data, much more, because not all people seek medical help.

Of course, wars, the impoverishment of the population of various countries, the media that deliver bad news to almost anywhere in the world, the increase in the number of various diseases, the increase in the number of natural disasters, and terrorist attacks are not in vain. People from year to year are more and more susceptible, which as a result lead to neuroses.

There are a lot of reasons for neurosis, from an unforeseen tragic situation to daily fatigue and lack of sleep. Let's take a closer look:

- constant mental or physical overload (chronic fatigue, lack of healthy sleep and work-rest regimen);

- emotional experiences (unfavorable family situation, dissatisfaction with life or work that is associated with constant stress);

- indecisiveness (impossibility to solve problems, lack of independence in decision-making and perseverance in overcoming difficulties);

- vulnerability (emotional instability, uncertainty);

- various diseases, injuries;

- bad habits (addiction to alcohol, smoking and drugs).

Symptoms of neurosis

Among the main signs of neurosis are:

causeless emotional stress;
increased fatigue;
or a constant desire to sleep;
isolation and obsession;
lack of appetite or overeating;
weakening of memory;
(long and suddenly appearing);
and fainting;
darkening in the eyes;
disorientation;
pain in the heart, abdomen, muscles and;
hand trembling;
frequent urination;
excessive sweating (due to fear and nervousness);
decrease in potency;
overestimated or underestimated self-esteem;
uncertainty and inconsistency;
wrong prioritization.

With neurosis, a person becomes irritable over trifles, unpredictable and sensitive to himself.

Types of neuroses

The main forms of neurotic disorders:

Obsessional neurosis. This type of neurosis is formed according to the mechanism of a conditioned reflex and is manifested by involuntary fears, doubts, frightening memories, aggravating thoughts, anxiety, fears, repetitive actions that reduce anxiety.

The cause of this type of neurosis is the conflict between the desires (needs or aspirations) of a person and the inability to fulfill them. This type of neurosis can also happen when, for example, a person once forgot to do an important thing (close the door, turn on the water tap, turn off the iron, etc.) or suffered a fright. And after that, he checks 100 times whether the iron is turned off, and, leaving the house all day, worries and doubts ...

hysterical neurosis. Hysteria occurs in people of a certain type, who are characterized by such signs as: selfishness, demonstrative behavior, frequent mood swings, increased emotionality, very high suggestibility and autosuggestibility. Hysterical neurosis can start to manipulate other people, but, in the end, he himself suffers from his own hysteria, which is expressed in the following symptoms: emotional reactions (tears, screams, laughter, etc.), forgetfulness, excessive sweating, convulsions, impotence, loss of sensation, blindness, deafness, loss of consciousness, hallucinations, etc.

Also, people with this form of neurosis may threaten to commit suicide and, not infrequently, actually try to do it.

Neurasthenia. It is the most common form of neurosis. It is also called fatigue syndrome. It occurs as a result of exhaustion of the nervous system during prolonged mental or physical overload (work that constantly keeps you in suspense, lack of sleep, lack of rest, stressful situations, conflicts, tragedies).

Manifested by uncontrolled excessive irritability, increased fatigue, lethargy and depression, impaired concentration, sweating, heart rhythm disturbances, gastrointestinal disorders, sleep disorders, impotence.

There are many other forms of neurosis. Some of them occur under certain conditions and at a certain age, others under the influence of a traumatic situation:

Informational;
School;
Traumatic;
Postpartum;
Social;
hypochondriacal;
Cardiophobic;
Motor;
Fright neurosis;
Expectation neurosis;
Neuroses of internal organs, etc.

Diagnosis of neurosis

To diagnose neurosis, the doctor examines the patient and interviews, analyzes complaints and studies the anamnesis. Further, the presence of organic diseases of the nervous system is excluded.

To diagnose a neurosis, various special questionnaires and techniques can be used (for example, color selection, pictures, etc.).

The tactics of treating neurosis depends on the form of neurosis, severity, age and gender of the patient. For some, it is enough to remove the annoying factor, change their lifestyle, or just go on vacation to recover.

The main method of treatment of neurosis is psychotherapy. But, to strengthen the nervous system, the use of physiotherapeutic methods and spa treatment can be prescribed.

It is very important to normalize the regime of work and rest; if possible, physical and psycho-emotional overstrain should be avoided.

Also for the treatment of neurosis and accelerated recovery from this disease, M.I. Pevzner developed a special diet -. This diet is also prescribed for other disorders of the nervous system.

Remedies for neurosis

Patients with neurosis are often prescribed restorative drugs (complexes with vitamins, and are especially needed).

If neurosis is caused by overwork, then drugs are additionally prescribed that improve metabolism and blood supply in the brain.

With neurasthenia and depressive neurosis, adaptogens are prescribed - preparations based on, Rhodiola rosea,.

Sometimes, I can be assigned:

Antidepressants: tricyclic ("Melipramine", "Saroten", "Triptizol"), vegetable ("Gelarium", "Deprim"), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ("Zoloft", "Prozac", "Seroxat", "Cipramil").

Antidepressants are used for all types of neurosis, but only on the recommendation of a doctor, because. each of them is a narrowly focused remedy, and is also not compatible with other drugs or food.

Tranquilizers:"Adaptol", "Gidazepam", "Phenazepam". They are used for hysterical neurosis, phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Important! Antidepressants and tranquilizers are prescribed only by a doctor. These remedies for neurosis should not be taken by children. They also have many contraindications and side effects.

Important! Before using folk remedies for the treatment of neurosis, be sure to consult your doctor!

Nuts. Mix nuts with and eat this mixture.

Grape juice. With overwork and fatigue, take 2 tbsp every 2 hours. spoons of fresh grape juice. It is both tasty and effective.

Milk with yolk. For 1 glass of hot milk, add 1 yolk (homemade egg) and sugar to taste. Drink hot.

Valerian. 1 st. Pour a spoonful of chopped root into a thermos and pour 1 cup of boiling water. Strain in the morning and drink 1-2 tbsp several times a day. spoons.

Mint. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tbsp. spoon . Let it brew for 40 minutes and strain. Drink a cup of warm tea in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before going to bed.

Mint and Melissa. Take 50 g of leaves and mint. 2 tbsp. spoons of the mixture, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, cover and let it brew for 30 minutes. Strain, add honey (to taste) and drink throughout the day in small portions.

Peony tincture. You can buy at the pharmacy. Take in the morning 30-40 drops (1 teaspoon) 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 30 days, then a break of 10 days is necessary, and can be repeated (if necessary).

Black radish. In the evening, cut out the middle of the radish and fill it with honey. Drink the resulting juice in the morning.

Bath with valerian. Take 60 grams of root and boil for 15 minutes, leave to infuse for 1 hour, strain and pour into a bath of hot water. Take 15 minutes.

Massage. With a relaxing massage, blood circulation improves, the body gets relaxation and rest.

Prevention of neurosis

To prevent neurosis, follow these recommendations:

- observe the regime of work and rest (do not overwork, take a vacation, rest on weekends);

- eat right (eat more vegetables and fruits, dairy products, give preference to boiled or baked dishes, rather than fried ones);

- take vitamins, especially in the winter-spring period;

- give up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs);

Video about neurosis

Neuroses are functional disorders of higher nervous activity of psychogenic origin. The clinic of neuroses is very diverse and may include somatic neurotic disorders, vegetative disorders, various phobias, dysthymia, obsessions, compulsions, emotional-mnestic problems.

Neurosis refers to a group of diseases that have a protracted course of the course. This disease affects people who are characterized by constant overwork, lack of sleep, worries, grief, etc.

What is a neurosis?

Neurosis is a set of psychogenic, functional reversible disorders that tend to have a long course. The clinical picture of neurosis is characterized by obsessive, asthenic or hysterical manifestations, as well as a temporary weakening of physical and mental performance. This disorder is also called psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder.

Neuroses in adults are characterized by reversible and not very severe course which distinguishes them, in particular, from psychoses. According to statistics, up to 20% of the adult population suffers from various neurotic disorders. The percentage may differ in different social groups.

The main mechanism of development is a disorder of brain activity, which normally provides human adaptation. As a result, both somatic and mental disorders occur.

The term neurosis has been introduced into medical terminology since 1776 by a doctor from Scotland, William Cullen.

Causes

Neuroses and neurotic states are considered a multifactorial pathology. Their occurrence is caused by a large number of causes that act together and trigger a large complex of pathogenetic reactions leading to the pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system.

The cause of neurosis is the action of a traumatic factor or a psychotraumatic situation.

In the first case, we are talking about a short-term, but strong negative impact on a person, for example, the death of a loved one.
In the second case, we are talking about long-term, chronic exposure negative factor, for example, a family-domestic conflict situation. Speaking about the causes of neurosis, it is stressful situations and, above all, family conflicts that are of great importance.

To date, there are:

psychological factors in the development of neuroses, which are understood as the features and conditions for the development of the individual, as well as education, the level of claims and relationships with society;
biological factors, which are understood as functional insufficiency of certain neurophysiological, as well as neurotransmitter systems, making the sick susceptible to psychogenic influences

Equally often in all categories of patients, regardless of their place of residence, psychoneurosis occurs due to such tragic events as:

death or loss of a loved one;
serious illness in relatives or in the patient himself;
divorce or separation from a loved one;
dismissal from work, bankruptcy, business collapse and so on.

It is not entirely correct to talk about heredity in this situation. The development of neurosis is influenced by the environment in which a person grew up and was brought up. The child, looking at parents who are prone to hysteria, adopts their behavior and exposes his own nervous system to trauma.

According to the American Psychiatric Association frequency of occurrence of neuroses in men it ranges from 5 to 80 cases per 1000 of the population, while in women - from 4 to 160.

Variety of neuroses

Neuroses is a group of diseases that occur in a person due to the impact of mental trauma. As a rule, they are accompanied by a deterioration in a person's well-being, mood swings and manifestations of somato-vegetative manifestations.

Neurasthenia

(nervous weakness or fatigue syndrome) is the most common form of neuroses. Occurs with prolonged nervous strain, chronic stress and other similar conditions that cause overwork and "breakdown" of the protective mechanisms of the nervous system.

Neurasthenia is characterized by the following symptoms:

increased irritability;
high excitability;
fast fatigue;
loss of the ability to self-control and self-control;
tearfulness and resentment;
distraction, inability to concentrate;
decreased ability to prolonged mental stress;
loss of habitual physical endurance;
severe sleep disturbances;
loss of appetite;
apathy and indifference to what is happening.

Hysterical neurosis

Vegetative manifestations of hysteria are manifested in the form of spasms, persistent nausea, vomiting, fainting. Movement disorders are characteristic - trembling, tremor in the limbs, blepharospasm. Sensory disorders are expressed by sensory disturbances in various parts of the body, pain sensations, hysterical deafness and blindness may develop.

Patients seek attention relatives and doctors to their condition, they have extremely unstable emotions, their mood changes dramatically, they easily move from sobbing to wild laughter.

There is a specific type of patient with a tendency to hysterical neurosis:

impressionable and sensitive;
Self-suggested and suggestible;
With instability of mood;
With a tendency to attract external attention.

Hysterical neurosis must be distinguished from somatic and mental illnesses. Similar symptoms occur with tumors of the central nervous system, endocrinopathy, encephalopathy against the background of injuries.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A disease characterized by the occurrence of obsessive ideas and thoughts. A person is overcome by fears from which he cannot get rid of. In such a state, phobias often appear in the patient (this form is also called phobic neurosis).

The symptoms of neurosis of this form are manifested as follows: a person feels fear, which manifests itself in repeated unpleasant incidents.

For example, if a patient faints on the street, then in the same place next time he will be haunted by obsessive fear. Over time, a person develops a fear of death, incurable diseases, and dangerous infections.

depressive form

Depressive neurosis - develops against the background of prolonged psychogenic or neurotic depression. The disorder is characterized by a deterioration in the quality of sleep, a loss of the ability to rejoice, and a bad chronic mood. The disease is accompanied by:

cardiac arrhythmias,
dizziness,
tearfulness,
hypersensitivity,
stomach problems
intestines
sexual dysfunction.

Symptoms of neurosis in adults

Neurosis is characterized by mood instability, impulsive actions. Changeable mood affects any area of the patient's life. It affects interpersonal relationships, goal setting, self-esteem.

Patients experience memory impairment, low concentration, high fatigue. A person gets tired not only from work, but also from favorite activities. Intellectual activity becomes difficult. Due to absent-mindedness, the patient can make many mistakes, which causes new problems at work and at home.

Among the main signs of neurosis are:

causeless emotional stress;
increased fatigue;
insomnia or a constant desire to sleep;
isolation and obsession;
lack of appetite or overeating;
weakening of memory;
headache (continuous and sudden onset);
dizziness and fainting;
darkening in the eyes;
disorientation;
pain in the heart, abdomen, muscles and joints;
hand trembling;
frequent urination;
excessive sweating (due to fear and nervousness);
decrease in potency;
overestimated or underestimated self-esteem;
uncertainty and inconsistency;
wrong prioritization.

People suffering from neuroses often experience:

mood instability;
a sense of self-doubt and the correctness of the actions taken;
overly expressed emotional reaction to small stresses (aggression, despair, etc.);
increased resentment and vulnerability;
tearfulness and irritability;
suspiciousness and exaggerated self-criticism;
frequent manifestation of unreasonable anxiety and fear;
inconsistency of desires and a change in the value system;
excessive fixation on the problem;
increased mental fatigue;
decreased ability to remember and concentrate;
a high degree of sensitivity to sound and light stimuli, a reaction to minor temperature changes;
sleep disorders.

Signs of neurosis in women and men

Signs of neurosis in the fair sex have their own characteristics, which are worth mentioning. First of all, women are characterized by asthenic neurosis (neurasthenia), which is caused by irritability, loss of mental and physical ability, and also leads to problems in sexual life.

For men, the following types are characteristic:

Depressive - the symptoms of this type of neurosis are more common in men, the reasons for its appearance are the inability to realize oneself at work, the inability to adapt to sudden changes in life, both personal and social.
Male neurasthenia. It usually occurs against the background of overstrain, both physical and nervous, most often workaholics are subject to it.

Signs of climacteric neurosis, which develops in both men and women, are increased emotional sensitivity and irritability, decreased stamina, sleep disturbances, and general problems with the functioning of internal organs, starting in the period from 45 to 55 years.

stages

Neuroses are diseases that are fundamentally reversible, functional, without organic damage to the brain. But they often take a long course. This is connected not so much with the most traumatic situation, but with the characteristics of a person’s character, his attitude to this situation, the level of adaptive capabilities of the body and the system of psychological protection.

Neurosis is divided into 3 stages, each of which has its own symptoms:

The initial stage is characterized by increased excitability and irritability;
The intermediate stage (hypersthenic) is characterized by increased nervous impulses from the peripheral nervous system;
The final stage (hyposthenic) is manifested by a decrease in mood, drowsiness, lethargy and apathy due to the strong severity of inhibition processes in the nervous system.

Diagnostics

So what kind of doctor will help cure neurosis? This is done either by a psychologist or a psychotherapist. Accordingly, the main treatment tool is psychotherapy (and hypnotherapy), most often complex.

The patient needs to learn look at the world objectively around him, to realize his inadequacy in some matters.

Diagnosing neurosis is not an easy task, which only an experienced specialist can do. As already mentioned above, the symptoms of neurosis manifest themselves differently in both women and men. It is also necessary to take into account that each person has his own character, his own personality traits, which can be confused with signs of other disorders. That is why only a doctor should deal with the diagnosis.

The disease is diagnosed using a color technique:

All colors take part in the technique, and a neurosis-like syndrome manifests itself when choosing and repeating purple, gray, black and brown colors.
Hysterical neurosis is characterized by the choice of only two colors: red and purple, which indicates 99% of the patient's low self-esteem.

To identify signs of a psychopathic nature, a special test is carried out - it allows you to identify the presence of chronic fatigue, anxiety, indecision, self-doubt. People with neurosis rarely set themselves long-term goals, do not believe in success, they often have complexes about their own appearance, it is difficult for them to communicate with people.

Treatment of neuroses

There are many theories and methods of treatment of neurosis in adults. Therapy takes place in two main areas - pharmacological and psychotherapeutic. The use of pharmacological therapy is carried out only in extremely severe forms of the disease. In many cases, a qualified psychotherapy is sufficient.

In the absence of somatic pathologies, patients recommended to change lifestyle, normalize the regime of work and rest, sleep at least 7-8 hours a day, eat right, give up bad habits, spend more time outdoors and avoid nervous overload.

Medicines

Unfortunately, very few people suffering from neuroses are ready to work on themselves, to change something. Therefore, drugs are widely used. They do not solve problems, but are intended only to relieve the severity of the emotional reaction to a traumatic situation. After them, it just becomes easier on the soul - for a while. Maybe then it is worth looking at the conflict (within yourself, with others or with life) from a different angle and finally resolve it.

With the help of psychotropic drugs, tension, tremor, are eliminated. Their appointment is permissible only for a short period of time.

In neurosis, as a rule, the following groups of drugs are used:

tranquilizers - alprazolam, phenazepam.
antidepressants - fluoxetine, sertraline.
sleeping pills - zopiclone, zolpidem.

Psychotherapy for neuroses

Currently, the main methods of treating all types of neuroses are psychotherapeutic techniques and hypnotherapy. During psychotherapy sessions, a person gets the opportunity to build a complete picture of his personality, to establish cause-and-effect relationships that gave impetus to the emergence of neurotic reactions.

Treatment methods for neuroses include color therapy. The right color for the brain is useful, like vitamins for the body.

Tips:

To extinguish your anger, irritation - avoid red.
At the time of the onset of a bad mood, exclude black, dark blue tones from the wardrobe, surround yourself with light and warm tones.
To relieve tension, look for blue, greenish tones. Replace the wallpaper at home, choose the appropriate decor.

Folk remedies

Before using any folk remedies for neurosis, we recommend that you consult your doctor.

With restless sleep, general weakness, those with neurasthenia should pour a teaspoon of verbena herb with a glass of boiling water, then leave for an hour, take in small sips during the day.
Tea with lemon balm - mix 10 g of tea leaves and grass leaves, pour 1 liter of boiling water, drink tea in the evening and before bedtime;
Mint. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tbsp. a spoonful of mint. Let it brew for 40 minutes and strain. Drink a cup of warm tea in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before going to bed.
Bath with valerian. Take 60 grams of root and boil for 15 minutes, leave to infuse for 1 hour, strain and pour into a bath of hot water. Take 15 minutes.

Forecast

The prognosis of neurosis depends on its type, stage of development and duration of the course, the timeliness and adequacy of the psychological and medical assistance provided. In most cases, timely therapy leads, if not to a cure, then to a significant improvement in the patient's condition.

The prolonged existence of neurosis is dangerous with irreversible personality changes and the risk of suicide.

Prevention

Despite the fact that neurosis is treatable, it is still better to prevent than to cure.

Prevention methods for adults:

The best prevention in this case will be to normalize your emotional background as much as possible.
Try to eliminate annoying factors or change your attitude towards them.
Avoid overload at work, normalize the mode of work and rest.
It is very important to give yourself proper rest, eat right, sleep at least 7-8 hours a day, take daily walks, play sports.