Ladder with your own hands. calculation and types. The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different fillings. Basic requirements for the material of the stairs

Everyone knows that metal is a material that allows you to ensure both the reliability and durability of the staircase design. Combined stairs sheathed with wood, consisting of a metal frame and wooden elements (steps, railings) combine excellent strength characteristics and aesthetic properties. There is no more harmonious combination of materials for creating combined staircase structures than metal and wood. Each of them brings the best to this combination. Stairs made of wood and metal are the epitome of functional appeal. Metal gives the design of the stairs rigor and reliability, and the sheathing of the metal base with wood gives warmth, inimitable beauty and naturalness.

For the metal frame, durable metals are used that are resistant to corrosion. The metal base, which is subsequently sheathed with wood, is made of profile pipe ferrous metal or stainless steel. It is painted and subjected to anti-corrosion treatment to protect it from the negative effects of the external environment. Sometimes cast iron frames are used.

There are two options for metal frames: closed and open.

We produce combined stairs from metal and wood, using two types of support beams, depending on the wishes of the customer:

• bowstrings serve as a support,
• using stringers.

A ladder on a metal frame, lined with wood is a great choice for those who want to order an excellent interior staircase. When sheathing steps, we use wood of various tree species. The parts sheathing the metal frame are made of oak, beech, ash, pine. Each of these materials has properties that affect the choice. To sheathe a metal frame, we use only high-quality wood.

Ladders made of wood and metal or stairs on a metal frame with wooden steps are rightly considered one of the most popular among customers in Moscow, the Moscow region and other regions. Plywood sheathed inner part of the metal frame, wooden steps and risers - the ability to combine materials to create a successful interior solution.

If you already have a metal frame installed in your house or concrete base, then it's time to decide how best to sheathe it. It is preferable if the staircase is sheathed in wood, but sometimes it is sheathed with veneered plywood. A ladder on a metal frame, sheathed with plywood is a democratic version of a sheathed structure.

Before starting all work on sheathing the frame of the stairs, the following is necessary:

• clarify all the parameters of the metal frame: the distance between the spans, dimensions steps, planar ratio of platforms. This will allow to correct existing negative moments (difference in step sizes, inaccurate welds, etc.) before or during the stage of sheathing the structure;
• decide on the material of the base sheathing, decor elements.

We sheathe metal and concrete frames with various types of wood, including valuable tree species. Having extensive experience in Moscow and other regions of Central Russia, the specialists of the Vladimir Stairs company are ready to offer you the manufacture and wood paneling of a metal frame.

1. Types of stairs. Their features and materials used for manufacturing. (Fig. 1)

Their features and materials used for manufacturing

Features of the choice of materials for the manufacture of stairs * Metal stairs * Wooden frame stairs * Concrete stairs * Other decorative steps for stairs 5. Photos of stairs 1. Types of stairs. Their features and materials used for manufacturing. Michail Rybakov

The staircase in the house has always been a special place. With the right design, the staircase, like a fireplace, becomes the main decoration of the room and even the entire room. Since ancient times, stairs have been decorated with carvings, mosaics and flowers, painted in different colors and covered with silver and gilding. . (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5)

Modern staircase models do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing.

Michail Rybakov

Modern staircase models do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing.

The staircase in the house has always been a special place. With the right design, the staircase, like a fireplace, becomes the main decoration of the room and even the entire room. Since ancient times, stairs have been decorated with carvings, mosaics and flowers, painted in different colors and covered with silver and gilding. Modern models of stairs do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing. Michail Rybakov

Modern staircase models do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing.

The staircase in the house has always been a special place. With the right design, the staircase, like a fireplace, becomes the main decoration of the room and even the entire room. Since ancient times, stairs have been decorated with carvings, mosaics and flowers, painted in different colors and covered with silver and gilding. Modern models of stairs do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing. Michail Rybakov

Modern staircase models do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing.

The staircase in the house has always been a special place. With the right design, the staircase, like a fireplace, becomes the main decoration of the room and even the entire room. Since ancient times, stairs have been decorated with carvings, mosaics and flowers, painted in different colors and covered with silver and gilding. Modern models of stairs do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing. Michail Rybakov

There are three main types of stairs and a lot of unique derivatives and combinations. According to the design of the stairs can be divided into:

* Screw.

* Marching (one-march, two-march and multi-march).

* Stairs on the rails.

(Fig. 6, 7, 8)

Michail Rybakov

By design, stairs can be divided into: * Screw * Marching (one-flight, two-flight and multi-flight) * Stairs on the rail

Since ancient times, stairs have been decorated with carvings, mosaics and flowers, painted in different colors and covered with silver and gilding. Modern models of stairs do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing. There are three main types of stairs and a lot of unique derivatives and combinations. According to the design, the stairs can be divided into: * Screw * Marching (one-flight, two-flight and multi-flight) * Stairs on the rails. Michail Rybakov

By design, stairs can be divided into: * Screw * Marching (one-flight, two-flight and multi-flight) * Stairs on the rail

Since ancient times, stairs have been decorated with carvings, mosaics and flowers, painted in different colors and covered with silver and gilding. Modern models of stairs do not lag behind their predecessors, and thanks to new building and finishing materials, truly fantastic staircase designs made of glass, metal and plastic with lighting and additional functions are increasingly appearing. There are three main types of stairs and a lot of unique derivatives and combinations. According to the design, the stairs can be divided into: * Screw * Marching (one-flight, two-flight and multi-flight) * Stairs on the rails. Michail Rybakov

Stairs also differ in rotary and straight models, but no matter how intricate their design is, they consist of steps, handrails and support beams (racks, and sometimes they are attached directly to the wall).

For the manufacture of stairs, almost all materials available for this are applicable. Without diving into particularly extravagant ideas, we note that most often stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, or combined with glass and plastic. (Fig. 9)

Without diving into particularly extravagant ideas, we note that most often stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, or combined with glass and plastic

There are three main types of stairs and a lot of unique derivatives and combinations. According to the design, the stairs can be divided into: * Screw * Marching (one-flight, two-flight and multi-flight) * Stairs on the rails. Stairs also differ in rotary models and straight lines, but no matter how intricate their design is, they consist of steps, handrails and support beams (racks, and sometimes attached directly to the wall). Almost all materials available for this are applicable for the manufacture of stairs. Without diving into particularly extravagant ideas, we note that most often stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, or combined with glass and plastic. Michail Rybakov

2. Choice of location and stairs for installation.

Minimum area installation will require the simplest vertical ladder with rungs instead of steps. Of course, it is difficult to use such a staircase for the daily transition from one floor to another, so for now we will not consider this option and move on to considering the construction of a full-fledged staircase for the most comfortable use. But not always the choice of staircase design depends only on our wishes. Most often, the "decisive word" remains with the placement of the stairs.

So the most convenient, and, probably, the most convenient for building with your own hands are mid-flight stairs. Mid-flight stairs are the most convenient and best adapted to the mechanics of human movement. But such stairs have a very significant drawback. They require a large area. And the higher the ceilings, the longer the stairs and the more space is required to accommodate them. And even the device of a rotary mid-flight staircase does not fundamentally change the situation, if you count on installation in an average private house.

Wooden stairs for home photo. (Fig. 10, 11)

Michail Rybakov

And even the device of a rotary mid-flight staircase does not fundamentally change the situation, if you rely on installation in an average private house. Wooden stairs for a house photo

But such stairs have a very significant drawback. They require a large area. And the higher the ceilings, the longer the stairs and the more space is required to accommodate them. And even the device of a rotary mid-flight staircase does not fundamentally change the situation, if you count on installation in an average private house. Michail Rybakov

Not much less space is required to install the ladder on the rails. The ladder on the bolts actually consists of a metal base fixed to the wall on which the steps are laid. For such a ladder, it is extremely important that there is a strong wall or base for fastenings. . (Fig. 12, 13, 14)

On the one hand, by installing a staircase of this design, you can save the space that would be needed for supporting elements and railings, but on the other hand, the staircase on the rails, as well as the mid-flight staircase, consists of parallel steps, which requires a certain amount of space.

Michail Rybakov

On the one hand, by installing a staircase of this design, you can save the space that would be needed for supporting elements and railings, but on the other hand, the staircase on the rails, as well as the mid-flight staircase, consists of parallel steps, which requires a certain amount of space.

Not much less space is required to install the ladder on the rails. The ladder on the bolts actually consists of a metal base fixed to the wall on which the steps are laid. For such a ladder, it is extremely important that there is a strong wall or base for fastenings. On the one hand, by installing a ladder of this design, you can save the space that would be needed for supporting elements and railings, but on the other hand, the ladder on the rails, as well as the mid-flight, consists of parallel steps, which requires a certain amount of space. Michail Rybakov

On the one hand, by installing a staircase of this design, you can save the space that would be needed for supporting elements and railings, but on the other hand, the staircase on the rails, as well as the mid-flight staircase, consists of parallel steps, which requires a certain amount of space.

Not much less space is required to install the ladder on the rails. The ladder on the bolts actually consists of a metal base fixed to the wall on which the steps are laid. For such a ladder, it is extremely important that there is a strong wall or base for fastenings. On the one hand, by installing a ladder of this design, you can save the space that would be needed for supporting elements and railings, but on the other hand, the ladder on the rails, as well as the mid-flight, consists of parallel steps, which requires a certain amount of space. Michail Rybakov

The most compact staircase was and remains a spiral design. The spiral staircase has the form of a twisting spiral, due to which its ascending steps are not parallel, but at an acute angle to each other. Thus, the stairs require relatively little space, and the steep vertical ascent is mitigated by the circular placement of frequent steps. Spiral staircases are also convenient because they can be installed in a narrow corridor - a well and a spacious room. Such stairs can be very modest and compact, attached to a bearing pillar in the center and side supports - handrails along the outer edge. . (Fig. 15, 16)

And they can also have a chic look, being not only luxuriously decorated, but also taking up more space, already fixed in a circle to several internal and external bearing supports

Michail Rybakov

And they can also have a chic look, being not only luxuriously decorated, but also taking up more space, already fixed in a circle to several internal and external bearing supports

Thus, the stairs require relatively little space, and the steep vertical ascent is mitigated by the circular placement of frequent steps. Spiral staircases are also convenient because they can be installed in a narrow corridor - a well and a spacious room. Such stairs can be very modest and compact, attached to a bearing pillar in the center and side supports - handrails along the outer edge. And they can also have a chic look, being not only luxuriously decorated, but also taking up more space, already fixed in a circle to several internal and external bearing supports. Michail Rybakov

3. Calculation of the required space for placing stairs.

As noted in the previous paragraph of the article, the space required to place the stairs directly depends on its height and design, but there are also a number of related factors that inevitably affect the installation of the stairs and the dimensions of the stairs.

* The angle of the stairs.

According to the accepted GOST, the angle of inclination (ascent) of the stairs should be in the range from 27 to 45 degrees. It is this slope that makes it as comfortable as possible to go up and down the stairs. The correctness of this norm has been tested and proven by many years of experience. When moving in one direction or another from the norm of inclination, the use of the stairs will be complicated. If it is impossible to install a ladder in compliance with this standard, you can resort, for example, to creating a swivel ladder structure and thereby increasing its length to reduce the angle of inclination. If, however, the construction of a steep staircase was adopted, then it must be remembered that with an increase in the angle of inclination, it will be necessary to increase both the width of the step (in other words, the tread) and the height between the steps, and, conversely, if the ascent angle decreases. This rule is associated with the structural features of the foot. (Fig. 17)

This rule is associated with the structural features of the foot

When moving in one direction or another from the norm of inclination, the use of the stairs will be complicated. If it is impossible to install a ladder in compliance with this standard, you can resort, for example, to creating a swivel ladder structure and thereby increasing its length to reduce the angle of inclination. If, however, the construction of a steep staircase was adopted, then it must be remembered that with an increase in the angle of inclination, it will be necessary to increase both the width of the step (in other words, the tread) and the height between the steps, and, conversely, if the ascent angle decreases. This rule is associated with the structural features of the foot. Michail Rybakov

* Calculation of the width of the steps (between the handrails).

When calculating the width and number of steps of the stairs, we again turn to proven standards that save the situation more than once. But, as in any rules, there are also exceptions here, only they, as in the past, lead to a deterioration in the conditions of use. So, for example, it is generally accepted that for a spiral staircase the minimum width of the steps should be one meter. No one will forbid making a ladder 90 cm or even 80 wide, but in this case, both climbing and descending the stairs will be too difficult.

There are generally accepted standards for calculating the steps of mid-flight stairs and on the bolts. For stairs of such structures, the width of the steps from 1.2 m to 1.5 m is considered the optimal size. That is, such that two people of average build can walk along it at once.

In the process of calculating the width of the steps of the stairs, one should not forget that the thickness of the handrails on one or both sides of the stairs can (and most often happens) be added to this width.

* Calculation of the required number of steps. How to reduce or increase the length of the stairs.

Now let's move on to calculating the length of the stairs. The length of the stairs consists of the sum of the width of all steps (on the narrow part). Thus, it is necessary to calculate the number of steps of our stairs.

To calculate the number of steps, some additional data will be required. For example, the optimal width of the step - tread (already indicated earlier) should be 20 - 32 cm (the average long foot of an adult). There is also a more than once proven statement that the best step height (approach) is 15 cm. Based on these data, we can now calculate the length of the stairs.

The calculation can be made using the following formula:

staircase length = staircase height / tread height (for example, the height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor is 300 cm, we substitute the data into the formula and get the following: 300 / 15 = 20) * by the width of the tread (let it be 25 cm). The result is the following: 20 * 25 = 500, from which it follows that the optimal length of a ladder three meters high will be equal to five meters.

Now, with regard to reducing or increasing the resulting height. If it suddenly becomes necessary to make the stairs longer, then everything is simple here, this can be achieved by reducing the size of the approach and thereby adding the number of steps (300 cm of the height of the stairs / by 10 cm of the height of the approach = 30 steps instead of 20, and multiplying 30 by the width tread 25 cm = we get the length of the stairs is no longer 5 m, but 7.5 m).

The situation is a little more complicated with the reduction in the length of the stairs. In this case, you will have to either increase the height of the tread, or reduce the width of the tread. Both the first and second options are not the most in the best way affect the quality of operation of the stairs. (Fig. 18)

Both the first and second options are not the best way to affect the quality of operation of the stairs

Now, with regard to reducing or increasing the resulting height. If it suddenly becomes necessary to make the stairs longer, then everything is simple here, this can be achieved by reducing the size of the approach and thereby adding the number of steps (300 cm of the height of the stairs / by 10 cm of the height of the approach = 30 steps instead of 20, and multiplying 30 by the width tread 25 cm = we get the length of the stairs is no longer 5 m, but 7.5 m) The situation with reducing the length of the stairs is a little more complicated. In this case, you will have to either increase the height of the tread, or reduce the width of the tread. Both the first and second options are not the best way to affect the quality of operation of the stairs. Michail Rybakov

A more comfortable staircase will turn out if you make it turnable or build steps with an overhang. But it is important to remember that overhanging steps is not recommended for more than 5 cm.

In order to see all of the above calculations more clearly, use a pencil, ruler, eraser and graph paper (well, or just a sheet of paper in a cage). . (Fig. 19, 20)

By drawing a scale drawing on paper, you can easily see all the possible flaws of the future staircase and experiment with the size of the steps and the angle of inclination

Michail Rybakov

By drawing a scale drawing on paper, you can easily see all the possible flaws of the future staircase and experiment with the size of the steps and the angle of inclination

Both the first and second options are not the best way to affect the quality of operation of the stairs. A more comfortable staircase will turn out if you make it turnable or build steps with an overhang. But it is important to remember that overhanging steps is not recommended for more than 5 cm. In order to see all of the above calculations more clearly, use a pencil, ruler, eraser and graph paper (well, or just a sheet of paper in a cage). By drawing a scale drawing on paper, you can easily see all the possible flaws in the future staircase and experiment with the size of the steps and the angle of inclination. Michail Rybakov

Having carried away the calculations, it is important to remember that in the pure dimensions of the stairs they also consist of the thickness of the materials. When calculating the details of the stairs, it is important to take into account the thickness of the board and beams.

4. Features of the choice of materials for the manufacture of stairs. (Fig. 21)

Features of the choice of materials for the manufacture of stairs

By drawing a scale drawing on paper, you can easily see all the possible flaws in the future staircase and experiment with the size of the steps and the angle of inclination. Having carried away the calculations, it is important to remember that in the pure dimensions of the stairs they also consist of the thickness of the materials. When calculating the details of the stairs, it is important to take into account the thickness of the boards and beams 4. Features of the choice of materials for the manufacture of stairs. Michail Rybakov

The quality of the stairs depends not only on the correct calculations and a scrupulous approach to the preparation of all the necessary parts and their reliable assembly. One of the most important steps in the construction of stairs is the choice of material for the future stairs. ("Wood in the decoration of the floor and walls. parquet and fantasy made of wood", "Building a house using frame-frame technology.", "Methods of sheathing and insulating the walls of a frame house.").

When building a staircase with your own hands, it would be logical to recognize the fact that most of the supporting frame is made of metal or wood.

* Stairs made of metal. (Fig. 22, 23)

Michail Rybakov

When building a ladder with your own hands, it would be logical to recognize the fact that most of the supporting frame is made of metal or wood * Metal ladder

Features of the choice of materials for the manufacture of stairs. The quality of the stairs depends not only on the correct calculations and a scrupulous approach to the preparation of all the necessary parts and their reliable assembly. One of the most important stages in the construction of a staircase is the choice of material for the future staircase (Wood in the floor and wall decoration, parquet and fantasy wood, Building a house using frame-frame technology, Ways of sheathing and wall insulation frame house). When building a ladder with your own hands, it would be logical to recognize the fact that most of the supporting frame is made of metal or wood * Metal ladder. Michail Rybakov

Frame metal stairs, without exaggeration, can be called the most reliable of the possible, to create with your own hands. Metal frames can be either hidden (sheathed with other materials) or open (decorated with forging or welded patterns from a metal bar or square). ("French balcony", "Stylish do-it-yourself wrought iron balconies", "Sliding bars on the windows"). (Fig. 24, 25, 26)

Michail Rybakov

Metal frames can be either hidden (sheathed with other materials) or open (decorated with forging or welded patterns from a metal bar or square) (French balcony, Stylish do-it-yourself forged balconies, Sliding window bars)

One of the most important stages in the construction of a staircase is the choice of material for the future staircase (Wood in the floor and wall decoration, parquet and fantasy wood, Building a house using frame-frame technology, Ways of sheathing and insulating the walls of a frame house). When building a ladder with your own hands, it would be logical to recognize the fact that most of the supporting frame is made of metal or wood * Metal ladder. Frame metal stairs, without exaggeration, can be called the most reliable of the possible, to create with your own hands. Metal frames can be either hidden (sheathed with other materials) or open (decorated with forging or welded patterns from a metal bar or square) (French balcony, Stylish do-it-yourself forged balconies, Sliding window bars). Michail Rybakov

Metal frames can be either hidden (sheathed with other materials) or open (decorated with forging or welded patterns from a metal bar or square) (French balcony, Stylish do-it-yourself forged balconies, Sliding window bars)

One of the most important stages in the construction of a staircase is the choice of material for the future staircase (Wood in the floor and wall decoration, parquet and fantasy wood, Building a house using frame-frame technology, Ways of sheathing and insulating the walls of a frame house). When building a ladder with your own hands, it would be logical to recognize the fact that most of the supporting frame is made of metal or wood * Metal ladder. Frame metal stairs, without exaggeration, can be called the most reliable of the possible, to create with your own hands. Metal frames can be either hidden (sheathed with other materials) or open (decorated with forging or welded patterns from a metal bar or square) (French balcony, Stylish do-it-yourself forged balconies, Sliding window bars). Michail Rybakov

For the manufacture of a metal frame, both a channel and a pipe are suitable. The difference between them is that it is more convenient to attach the skin to the channel in the future, but the pipe has greater rigidity and therefore will help to avoid vibration when walking. Additionally, you will also need a metal corner or square for making frames for fastening the steps.

As already mentioned, the frame can be open or closed, and can also be decorated with different elements. . (Fig. 27, 28)

In the latter case, you will have to take care of the advance purchase or manufacture of such elements.

Michail Rybakov

In the latter case, you will have to take care of the advance purchase or manufacture of such elements.

The difference between them is that it is more convenient to attach the skin to the channel in the future, but the pipe has greater rigidity and therefore will help to avoid vibration when walking. Additionally, you will also need a metal corner or square for making frames for fastening the steps. As already mentioned, the frame can be open or closed, and can also be decorated with different elements. In the latter case, you will have to take care of the advance purchase or manufacture of such elements. Michail Rybakov

Particular attention should be paid to the pipe required in the manufacture of a spiral staircase. For the manufacture of a spiral staircase pillar, you will need two types of pipe, one long, but of different diameters. A smaller diameter pipe will need to be used as the bearing element of the stairs, a larger diameter pipe will be required for the manufacture of steps. To do this, it is cut at a strictly right angle. This moment is especially important in order to put on the pipe later on - the base of the step does not create a skew.

* Wooden frame stairs. (Fig. 29)

This point is especially important so that later put on the pipe - the base of the step does not create a warp * The wooden frame of the stairs

For the manufacture of a spiral staircase pillar, you will need two types of pipe, one long, but of different diameters. A smaller diameter pipe will need to be used as the bearing element of the stairs, a larger diameter pipe will be required for the manufacture of steps. To do this, it is cut at a strictly right angle. This moment is especially important in order to put on the pipe in the future - the base of the steps do not create a warp * Wooden frame of the stairs. Michail Rybakov

It is, of course, easier to make a ladder out of wood for people who do not have the skills to work with metal. But in the construction of a wooden staircase, it is the quality of the material that determines its service life and external attractiveness.

For the construction of a wooden staircase, boards and beams of various sizes will be required. For stringers, boards 25 - 30 cm wide and 5 - 7 cm thick are used. (Fig. 30, 31)

Stringers are load-bearing structural elements, so it is very important to choose a quality dried material without an increased number of knots.

Michail Rybakov

Stringers are load-bearing structural elements, so it is very important to choose a quality dried material without an increased number of knots.

But in the construction of a wooden staircase, it is the quality of the material that determines its service life and external attractiveness. For the construction of a wooden staircase, boards and beams of various sizes will be required. For kosour, boards 25–30 cm wide and 5–7 cm thick are used. Stringers are load-bearing structural elements, so it is very important to choose a quality-dried material without an increased number of knots. Michail Rybakov

Separately, I propose to consider the moment of choosing wood for steps. Each tree has its own characteristics and reliability characteristics. (Fig. 32)

Each tree has its own characteristics and reliability characteristics.

For kosour, boards 25–30 cm wide and 5–7 cm thick are used. Stringers are load-bearing structural elements, so it is very important to choose a quality-dried material without an increased number of knots. Separately, I propose to consider the moment of choosing wood for steps. Each tree has its own characteristics and reliability characteristics. Michail Rybakov

* Concrete staircase. (Fig. 33, 34)

* Concrete stairs

Michail Rybakov

* Concrete stairs

Stringers are load-bearing structural elements, so it is very important to choose a quality-dried material without an increased number of knots. Separately, I propose to consider the moment of choosing wood for steps. Each tree has its own characteristics and reliability characteristics. * Concrete staircase. Michail Rybakov

Concrete stairs, as a rule, are made on the streets of private houses. For the manufacture will require reinforced reinforcement and concrete mortar. The fittings are placed in the constructed formwork (the shape of the future staircase) with pre-laid waterproofing and poured with concrete mortar. ("Some features of brick walls", "Methods for leveling the floor", "Spatulas and additional tools for painting work", "Power tools. Perforator, jackhammer", "How to make a concrete floor on the ground in a private house"). After pouring, the solution must be given time to harden and can be lined with any finishing material. ("Ceramic tiles for kitchen and bathroom", "Floor tiles", "porcelain stoneware for floors", "Design of porcelain stoneware steps for stairs"). (Fig. 35, 36, 37)

Michail Rybakov

After pouring, the mortar must be given time to harden and can be faced with any finishing material (Ceramic tiles for kitchen and bathroom, Tiles for the floor, porcelain stoneware for the floor, Construction of porcelain stoneware steps for stairs)

Concrete stairs, as a rule, are made on the streets of private houses. For the manufacture will require reinforced reinforcement and concrete mortar. The reinforcement is placed in the built formwork (the shape of the future staircase) with pre-laid waterproofing and poured with concrete mortar (Some features brick walls, Methods for leveling the floor, Spatulas and additional tools for painting, Power tools perforator, jackhammer, How to make a concrete floor on the ground in a private house). After pouring, the solution must be given time to harden and can be lined with any finishing material ( Ceramic tile for kitchen and bathroom, floor tiles, porcelain stoneware for floors, construction of porcelain stoneware steps for stairs). Michail Rybakov

After pouring, the mortar must be given time to harden and can be faced with any finishing material (Ceramic tiles for kitchen and bathroom, Tiles for the floor, porcelain stoneware for the floor, Construction of porcelain stoneware steps for stairs)

Concrete stairs, as a rule, are made on the streets of private houses. For the manufacture will require reinforced reinforcement and concrete mortar. The reinforcement is placed in the built formwork (the shape of the future staircase) with pre-laid waterproofing and poured with concrete mortar (Some features of brick walls, Methods for leveling the floor, Spatula and additional tools for painting work, Power tools perforator, jackhammer, How to make a concrete floor on the ground in a private house). After pouring, the mortar must be given time to harden and can be faced with any finishing material (Ceramic tiles for kitchen and bathroom, Tiles for the floor, porcelain stoneware for the floor, Construction of porcelain stoneware steps for stairs). Michail Rybakov

Concrete can also be poured into individual parts of the stairs. For example steps. To do this, it is enough to make a form for filling.

* Other decorative steps for stairs. (Fig. 38)

To do this, it is enough to make a mold for pouring * Other decorative steps for stairs

After pouring, the mortar must be given time to harden and can be faced with any finishing material (Ceramic tiles for kitchen and bathroom, Tiles for the floor, porcelain stoneware for the floor, Construction of porcelain stoneware steps for stairs). Concrete can also be poured into individual parts of the stairs. For example steps. To do this, it is enough to make a mold for pouring * Other decorative steps for stairs. Michail Rybakov

Stairs with plexiglass steps look incredibly beautiful. Acrylic glass (plexiglass) has dozens and even hundreds of designs. It can be both completely transparent and colored, or only with a hint of a particular shade. (Fig. 39)

It can be both completely transparent and colored, or only with a hint of a particular shade.

To do this, it is enough to make a mold for pouring * Other decorative steps for stairs. Stairs with plexiglass steps look incredibly beautiful. Acrylic glass (plexiglass) has dozens and even hundreds of designs. It can be both completely transparent and colored, or only with a hint of a particular shade. Michail Rybakov

Plexiglas is easy to work with. It can be cut, glued. Since it is plastic, acrylic glass can be bent by heating it in ordinary boiling water. ("Triplex doors. features and processing"

A feature of such steps is that when pouring, they can be decorated with all kinds of objects placed in the solution. (Types of self-leveling floor, Do-it-yourself self-leveling floors) 40, 41)

Steps in the future will need to be trimmed with an edge. This will give them a beautiful finished look (Laying laminate with your own hands, Chipboard in the interior, types and methods of processing, Drill and screwdriver, Grinding power tools, Jigsaws, reciprocating saws, planers, milling machines). Separately, epoxy steps can be distinguished. They are made like a self-leveling floor. A feature of such steps is that when pouring, they can be decorated with all kinds of objects placed in the solution. (Types of self-leveling floor, Do-it-yourself self-leveling floors) 40, 41) Michail Rybakov

They are made like a self-leveling floor

Steps in the future will need to be trimmed with an edge. This will give them a beautiful finished look (Laying laminate with your own hands, Chipboard in the interior, types and methods of processing, Drill and screwdriver, Grinding power tools, Jigsaws, reciprocating saws, planers, milling machines). Separately, epoxy steps can be distinguished. They are made like a self-leveling floor. Michail Rybakov

5. Photo of stairs.

In this article, a lot of interesting points related to the purpose and functionality of stairs remained uncovered. Therefore, in the next article of this cycle, we will try to take a closer look at how to build stairs made of metal and wood with our own hands, equip them with built-in lighting and installation decorative panels- handrail. ("Library in modern apartment interiors. photo", "Two do-it-yourself wooden hunting houses."). Glass railings for stairs. . (Fig. 42, 43, 44, 45)

The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different content

In this article, a lot of interesting points related to the purpose and functionality of stairs remained uncovered. Therefore, in the next article of this series, we will try to take a closer look at how to build stairs made of metal and wood with our own hands, equip them with built-in lighting and install decorative panels - handrails (Library in modern apartment interiors photo, Two do-it-yourself wooden hunting houses). Glass railings for stairs. The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different fillings. 42, 43, 44, 45) Michail Rybakov

The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different content

Michail Rybakov

The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different content

In this article, a lot of interesting points related to the purpose and functionality of stairs remained uncovered. Therefore, in the next article of this series, we will try to take a closer look at how to build stairs made of metal and wood with our own hands, equip them with built-in lighting and install decorative panels - handrails (Library in modern apartment interiors photo, Two do-it-yourself wooden hunting houses). Glass railings for stairs. The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different fillings. Michail Rybakov

The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different content

In this article, a lot of interesting points related to the purpose and functionality of stairs remained uncovered. Therefore, in the next article of this series, we will try to take a closer look at how to build stairs made of metal and wood with our own hands, equip them with built-in lighting and install decorative panels - handrails (Library in modern apartment interiors photo, Two do-it-yourself wooden hunting houses). Glass railings for stairs. The construction of stairs in the form of cabinets with different fillings.

The basis of any staircase design is its functionality and aesthetics. The practical component is paramount. But also appearance plays a significant role.

What material the structure is made of affects both its technical parameters and design. Consider the questions of which staircase is better: metal or wood, what is affected by the use of each of these materials, and where it is better to use such a design.

Types of stairs

By appointment, all stairs can be divided into:

• Input;
• Interfloor;
• Checkpoints;
• Workers.

By location, they can be external or internal, according to functionality:

• Stationary;
• Portable;
• Transformable.

According to the material of manufacture, stairs differ:

• Concrete;
• From natural stone;
• brick;
• Wooden;
• metal;
• Glass;
• Combined.

Type:

• Screw;
• Marching;
• Combined.

Marching stairs are the most common in use.

They are easy to manufacture, can be:

• Single-march;
• two-march;
• Multi-march.

Screw ones are more suitable if you need to save space in the room.

Combined options are often chosen for individual projects.

Stair structures

Structurally, the staircase consists of:

• carrier system;
• steps;
• Fencing.

As a bearing element can be:

• Kosoura;
• Bowstrings;
• Boltsy;
• Racks.

Stringers are solid support beams, the steps are attached to them from above. On kosour, mid-flight wooden stairs are most often made.

The bowstrings have special grooves on the inside where the steps are inserted.

The bolts can serve as fastening steps to the wall, and also fasten them together.

Central support posts usually have spiral staircases.

Metal supports are most suitable for the construction of spiral and curved stairs.

Stair railings consist of:

• Railings or handrails;
• Support and intermediate pillars or balusters;
• decorative elements.

Each of the elements of the stairs has its own requirements. In addition, the entire design of the stairs must also meet a number of conditions.

Basic requirements for the material of the stairs

The main requirements that the material of the ladder structure must meet:

• Strength;
• moisture resistance;
• Durability;
• Chemical resistance;
• Weather resistance;
• fire safety;
• Ease of installation;
• Ecological cleanliness;
• Ease of use;
• Ease of care;
• aesthetic appeal.

Additionally, steps must be highly resistant to abrasion and have a non-slip surface.

Besides, great importance has the cost of stair construction.

The strength of the ladder structure

In terms of strength characteristics, wood is significantly inferior to metal. However, valuable wood species have sufficient strength necessary for the normal operation of the staircase structure.

The hardest rocks are:

• Maple.

Of the remaining options, it is better to choose larch, which is stronger than pine and other soft woods.

According to the strength of the connection of individual elements, wooden structures also lose to metal. Over time, the tree dries out, the joints loosen.

A metal ladder does not have this problem. The design of the metal staircase has:

• Reliability;
• Resilience;
• Rigidity.

The exception is aluminum. It is quite soft material, can be easily deformed.

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Exposure to moisture is equally detrimental to untreated wood and ordinary steel. All wooden elements must be protected from water using special means:

• Moisture resistant impregnation;
• Colors;
• Lakov.

For outdoor use of wooden stairs, such protection is necessary. It will constantly need to be updated. For example, beech is unstable to moisture, can be deformed, and larch does not rot.

Modern production technologies make it possible to produce wood-based materials that are reliably protected from the harmful effects of water. For example, wood-polymer composite.

Ordinary steel is absolutely unstable to corrosion, and requires mandatory processing. To prevent rust from reducing the strength characteristics of the metal structure, it is necessary to paint the metal with special compounds. In addition, the metal will need constant care to maintain the appearance of the staircase and increase its service life.

Corrosion resistant:

• Stainless steel;
• Aluminum;
• Chrome plated steel.

If the staircase structure is not assembled on welded joints, then systems made of these types of metal can be used outdoors for a very long time.

But if welding is used, then the junctions of the elements require special attention. They must be carefully cleaned and covered with protective compounds.

Durability

Wooden stairs can last quite a long time. Good examples are the magnificent staircase complexes in many historic buildings.

But this requires the use of precious woods, which are perfectly prepared, well dried, treated with special compounds from:

• Rotting;
• mold;
• Gribkov;
• insects;
• Rodents.

In addition, appropriate conditions for temperature and humidity conditions are required. In the future, the finished structure must be constantly maintained in an aesthetically attractive form.

Outdoor wooden stairs that have not been properly treated on time quickly lose their normal appearance.

Restoring it is sometimes no longer possible. Of the metals, stainless steel has the longest lifespan.

Ordinary profiled steel will last longer than wood.

But it also requires special processing and subsequent care.

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

If we compare the resistance of wood and metal in relation to aggressive and atmospheric influences, then metal structures have higher technical performance.

The tree is very susceptible to most acids, alkalis and other adverse factors.

Fire safety of the ladder system

If we consider the issue of fire safety of wood and metal, then it is unequivocally decided not in favor of wooden structures.

Wooden staircase structures in the building should be located away from any possible sources of ignition. Even processing them with special flame retardants does not give a full guarantee of fire safety.

Metal structures resist impact high temperatures much longer. Of course they lose theirs too specifications as a result of prolonged exposure to open fire. But in the process of fire, the metal does not emit combustion products, smoke does not occur from it.

In order to reliably protect the metal structures of the stairs, they are coated with special flame retardants and paints.

Ease of material processing and installation of the structure

Wood is much easier to process than metal. For this reason, it is possible to independently perform a greater number of shapes, sizes, and decorative elements from it.

With metal, everything is more complicated. In the factory, it is very plastic and can be performed:

• profile products;
• Casting;
• Forging.

But all these will be ready-made parts, or separate modules, from which you can assemble not so many staircase options with your own hands. As a rule, the manufacturer's instructions are attached to them.

The production of individual designs to order immediately leads to an increase in the cost of the product. Independently perform a forged staircase, or use welding machine, few people can.

Ecological purity of the material

The naturalness of wood, its valuable properties for creating a favorable indoor microclimate are well-known facts. No other material can compete with this.

Often the choice in favor of a wooden staircase in the house is made precisely for this reason. The tree creates a unique coziness and warmth in any room.

From an environmental point of view, there are no questions about raw wood materials. However, when different wood preservative chemicals are used, very careful selection is required.

Environmentally friendly material - wood

Important! It is strictly forbidden to use materials intended only for outdoor use for processing wood inside the house. They, as a rule, very reliably protect the wooden surface from various adverse effects, but emit substances hazardous to human health.

It is necessary to select impregnations, paints and varnishes with natural ingredients. More trustworthy products with certificates - well-known brands.

The metal itself is an absolutely clean ecological material. A problem with metal stairs can be created by its treatment with unsafe compounds.

Therefore, their choice should also be approached with caution.

Ease of use of stairs

Wooden stairs are more convenient to use than metal ones. The safety of descent and ascent on non-slippery steps that isolate sounds, the pleasant naturalness of steps and railings are an indisputable advantage of wood. They do not create inconvenience when walking.

The only serious drawback is the presence of creaking steps. It often occurs during operation, due to drying out of the tree or improper assembly of the structure.

The disadvantages of metal stairs during their operation include:

• Slippery steps;
• Low sound insulation;
• Heating of the structure in the sun and strong cooling at low temperatures.

Slippery metal steps can be a serious hazard and require more caution when walking on them. If there are children in the house, then using a metal staircase becomes even more dangerous.

The noise that is generated during the operation of a metal staircase can be reduced by applying special step coatings.

The metal tends to react strongly to temperature, which makes it unsafe to use. If the handrails are heated for a long time in the sun, they can cause burns. When the temperature environment goes into the range below zero, then the unprotected skin of the hands may also suffer from direct contact with the metal.

One option to avoid this is to finish the railing with wood.

The aesthetic appeal of the stairs as a decorative element

The question of the design of stairs made of wood and metal is purely individual. Someone prefers naturalness, the natural beauty of wooden structures.

Others will opt for metal products.

Purely metal structures of stairs cannot boast such a wide variety of design options as wooden models.

Stair construction cost

From wood, the most budget option is a pine staircase.

For a metal staircase, the simplest design of conventional steel profiles.

But this is very little costly and, accordingly, cleanly practical options. There is no need to talk about any aesthetics here. If you choose more design solutions, then basically a metal staircase will cost more than a wooden one.

Yes, when using exotic woods with the use of artistic decoration of elements, the price of an exclusive option can reach huge sums.

Which ladder is cheaper: wooden or metal - depends on the type of material, the complexity of the design. But this choice is purely individual.

Combined staircase designs

In order to use all the advantages of materials and reduce or even eliminate their shortcomings, you can use the combined version of the stairs.

The combination of metal and wood in constructions is a very common phenomenon, they perfectly complement each other.

Stairs made of metal and wood can be used both inside and outside the building.

Stairs on a metal frame

Mainly metal-wood stairs are used, which consist of:

• Metal supporting frame;
• wooden steps;
• Combined fencing.

That is, the metal acts as a more durable and reliable version of the support. The tree gives the structure an attractive appearance, ease of use. Wooden stairs with a metal base can be made in any shape and size.

Their main advantages are:

• Durability;
• High strength;
• Rigidity;
• sustainability;
• Easy assembly.

The cost of a combined design, most often, is much cheaper than a completely wooden version of the stairs.

Modern metal production technologies make it possible to create lightweight structures. They can be sheathed not only with natural wood, but also various materials based on it.

In order to reduce the cost of stairs, you can combine expensive types of wood - for elements with a high operational load, and cheap species - for products that are less subject to wear.

For example, solid wood is made of:

• steps;
• supports;
• Handrails.

From pine or birch you can build:

• End parts of steps;
• frame sheathing;
• plinth;
• Other vertical details.

Wooden steps, which are attached to a metal frame, get rid of creakiness, they can be easily replaced if necessary.

In addition, wooden steps have the greatest safety when moving up the stairs. Less chance of slipping - injuries when falling will not be significant.

Give the stairs on metal frame a completely new look is quite simple if you completely change all the wooden elements.

Combined staircase - photo

The metal frame can be completely covered with wood.

The strength of the structure will be high, and aesthetically it will look like wood.

Stairs with a combined frame

You can combine different options for supports and fences. For example, wooden steps rest on one side on a wooden stringer, and the other side is attached to metal bolts. Metal fencing adds extra strength to the structure.

There are a lot of options for combining ladder structures made of wood and metal.

Combined stair railing

Another option is to combine stair railings.

Cold metal railings and handrails are sheathed with wood or completely made of it. Support poles can be made from both materials.

Filling the internal space between them is possible from decorative metal elements.

• For outdoor use, it is better to choose the option of a metal staircase - it is less susceptible to external atmospheric influences;
• Indoors, a combined option is perfect - the combination of strength and stability with an aesthetic component will give the user much more convenience than mono-material stairs;
• For the device of attic transformer stairs, it is better to choose lightweight metal structures;
• Any working stairs should be made of aluminum;
• Completely wooden structures will definitely fit perfectly into the design of a wooden house.

Which is better: metal or wooden staircase? Everyone approaches this issue individually. There is no single answer here, and everyone has their own choice. You can learn more about wood and metal staircase designs by watching the video in this article.

Metal is perfect for assembling a variety of stair structures. Against the background of other existing materials, it has good indicators of service life, reliability and load-bearing capacity.

From the material under consideration, it is possible to produce both small-sized stair structures with low weight, and solid stairs of any level of complexity and configuration. A properly assembled metal staircase can organically fit into almost any interior. This design will be appropriate both inside the room and outside it.

An additional advantage is that you can assemble an ordinary metal staircase with your own hands. To do this, just study the recommendations below and do everything in accordance with the instructions.

In terms of structural properties, internal and external metal stairs do not differ significantly from their wooden and concrete counterparts. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare a staircase project and choose the most rational form of the product.

In accordance with the manufacturing method, metal stairs are divided into welded and forged options. The skill of forging, of course, cannot be quickly mastered, but for the manufacture of a simple welded staircase, a good theoretical base and a couple of practical lessons are enough. However, first you need to choose best option future design.

Types of stairs

Among the most popular homemade stairs are:

Regardless of the type of stairs, it can only be supported on the ceiling. To further increase the overall reliability of the structure, additional support elements can be placed under the landings of the ladder structure.

You can also fix the platforms with consoles, and place the racks discreetly in the wall space.

Often, a separate load-bearing partition made of brick or concrete is erected to accommodate the stairs.

At this point, you have to figure it out on your own, focusing on personal preferences and the recommendations received above.

Combination options

Metal can be combined with almost any finishing materials. It is in perfect harmony with glass, a variety of stone, concrete, as well as wood and brick.

A homemade metal staircase can be equipped with any type of fencing: both ordinary vertical posts, and unusual screens made of perforated steel and glass, carved items, hand forged elements, prokida, etc.

Fencing elements can be fastened using bolts or welding to the end of the steps, they can also be installed directly on the steps.

In accordance with the personal preferences of the owner, operational specifics and stylistic features, the supporting part of the metal structure can be supplemented with steps made of corrugated metal, reinforcing steel, concrete, porcelain stoneware and many other materials.

In private houses, metal stairs with wooden steps look the most organic. Outside the house, the staircase may consist entirely of metal. Inside, it is desirable to sheathe the frame with another, more pleasant and familiar material.

Facing ceramics, durable laminate, carpet and other wear-resistant materials can be laid on the steps of the stairs.

Guide for assembling a homemade mid-flight ladder

There is nothing super complicated in self-assembly of a metal staircase. You only need to follow the instructions in everything and thoroughly think through each of your further actions.

Training

Before starting work, prepare all the necessary tools for this. First of all, you will need welding machine. Beginners are the fastest to master inverter-type devices - they are the easiest to use. With the appropriate work experience, you can use any other apparatus suitable for welding the metal you are using.

Also prepare mechanical saw, grinder and emery wheel. If you will be making wooden steps, additionally prepare clamps, an electric drill with a set of drills, self-tapping screws, a circular saw.

Prepare in advance project of the future stairs. You can make it yourself, order it from a specialized company, or find suitable drawings in open sources. There are quite a few such sources, so you can easily choose the version of the ladder that is best suited specifically for your situation without any problems.

Scheme of the device of a simple metal staircase: 1 channel. 2 corrugated metal steps. 3 Steel fillies. 4 places of welding. 5 Step brackets.

The simplest metal staircase will be based on a channel with dimensions of 8-10 placed on the edge. If you are planning to finish the stairs, prepare your preferred material for this, for example, wooden boards or sheet metal.

The steps of an external staircase are best sheathed with corrugated metal sheets or other non-slip material.

The railings will be made of angle steel. To create supports for the treads, prepare the reinforcement.

First step. Cut the rebar into fillies. These are special support devices placed on the beam. Dimensions and required amount filly select in accordance with the terms of the project documentation for your stairs.

Second step. To the side of the filly, on which the step will later “lie”, weld the mounting brackets.

Third step. Weld the fillies to the channel mounted on the edge. This will help you pre-prepared markup, made in accordance with the project documentation.

Attach the second channel to the prepared channel-beam with fillies fixed on it and correct the markings if any deviations are found.

For self-assembly of an ordinary staircase with a meter width, a pair of stringers or bowstrings is enough. If the staircase will have more impressive dimensions, equip it with three or more support beams.

Fourth step. Assemble all the elements of a homemade metal staircase into a single structure by welding.

Fifth step. Treat the metal with a primer, and after it dries, with a special anti-corrosion compound.

In conclusion, it remains to install the assembled ladder on the supports. Support functions can be performed by racks welded from a channel with high quality, as well as metal corners attached to support beams by welding.

If you wish, you can give preference to a more complex design of a metal staircase with a bowstring cut from thick sheet metal. Cut according to the project, as accurately and accurately as possible. Otherwise, the assembly order of the stairs will not differ from the assembly of the above design option.

After assembling and installing the structure, proceed to the sheathing of the steps.

Step sheathing

A variety of materials can be used to finish the steps of a metal staircase. In the household, this finish is most often performed using wooden linings.

First step. Mark on the metal steps the locations of future bolt holes or self-tapping screws in increments of 150 mm. The distance between the end edges of the steps and the mounting holes must be at least 20 mm.

Second step. Attach the plywood backing to the treads. Fix the element using a special adhesive, usually sold with the mark “filling effect”. Such glue is remarkable in that it does not wrinkle after hardening. In addition, the filling adhesive composition allows you to eliminate various minor flaws that inevitably appear even with the highest quality welding.

It is forbidden to use simple mounting foam to fix the substrate - this material does not have the necessary resistance to crushing and is very quickly deformed under the influence of mechanical loads.

Third step. Secure the wood tread to the tread with a pair of clamps, and then finally secure it through the pre-prepared mounting holes. In case of using self-tapping screws, place them from below in the underlay. If fastening is carried out with bolts, fix openly.

Complete the sheathing of all steps according to the above diagram.

Thus, there is nothing complicated in self-assembly of the simplest metal staircase. Having studied the basic provisions of the instructions and having learned additional nuances, you can handle all the activities with your own hands. Improve your skills, and very soon you will be able to assemble more complex and aesthetically attractive staircase structures of any size, type and configuration.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself metal stairs