Waterproofing of underground structures. Influence of underground waters. Violations of waterproofing - what can it lead to

HydroStroy services for waterproofing underground structures

An analysis of the level of ground waterproofing in cities shows that the average level of ground waterproofing can vary if measured in relation to the area built or compared to the number of inhabitants. This can be clearly seen from the comparison of two cities: Sofia and Helsinki, which have about one million inhabitants, but in Helsinki there is land with low waterproofing, which becomes high if you count on one inhabitant, but Sofia shows the opposite situation.

The Helsinki area is able to fulfill its ecosystem functions to a greater extent potentially within the city boundaries, despite urbanization, in contrast, Sofia has a low level of waterproofing per inhabitant, and this allows the city to remain compact in order to save space for use for other purposes outside the actual urbanized area. territory.

As mentioned above, soil waterproofing has a significant impact on ecosystem services and quality of life. One of them is temperature control. For example, Budapest demonstrates the effect of soil impermeability on temperature. Green areas of the city with low ground waterproofing or even waterproofing properties are colder than highly developed areas that seal the ground waterproofing, making the hottest areas.

Given that average temperature in Europe is increasing and the number of heat waves is increasing, a high level of ground waterproofing will exacerbate the effects of existing heat islands in cities, increasing the vulnerability of the city compared to heat waves.

Cities with a high level of ground waterproofing located in areas that increase the number of "tropical" nights are much more vulnerable to climate change and need adequate adaptation measures, such as upgrading urban greenery green walls and roofs, white walls and buildings with thermal insulation and shutters that create a shadow and other similar measures.

Another important climatic effect is the reduced ability of water to penetrate the soil, which increases the power of water to pass through the soil surface and the risks associated with floods and overflows. During rainy periods, in cities with high levels of waterproofing, even the capacity of the sewer will eventually be unable to handle the continuous flow of water, creating floods.

As such, low waterproofing per inhabitant is certainly a sustainability factor as it reduces our ecological footprint on the planet. Living in a city where the functions of life and work are concentrated can reduce and rationalize our energy needs. However, high compactness along with ground waterproofing can adversely affect the quality of life in the city.

This is why cities should be designed and thoughtfully designed to minimize ground waterproofing and use anything that maximizes soil permeability, such as green spaces and anything that is green, such as avenues of trees, green walls and roofs, without compromising the benefits of compactness and city ​​density.

Waterproof covers and systems are one of the most important structural elements, as their improper execution makes environment inaccessible or unhealthy. IN last years companies have greatly improved the quality of materials, but the operation of a waterproof system, as well as the correct choice regarding its use, largely depends on the correct design and construction. The goal was to develop a thin, easy to read and easy to use document that allows operators to immediately find suitable technical solutions for each type of intervention.

The manual contains numerous technical solutions with both bitumen and synthetic resins and is currently in the process of being updated to include additional stratigraphs that can be performed using bentonite and liquid products. The heart of the manual consists of detailed stratigraphs illustrating the most appropriate technical solutions for each type of intervention.

Each sheet shows design criteria, stratigraphy, key features, and performance criteria. Each card also contains a support illustration and a summary table for clearer discovery of the solution. We offer the solution contained in the roof waterproofing guide.

Production of adhesive waterproofing

Pedestrian cover with heat-insulating element under the sealing element. Description of the technical solution The structural element consists of a continuous cement support. The sealing element is favorably protected by the direct action of the sun on the floors and by the inertial behavior of the sun. A vapor barrier is required because the position of the sealing element will induce interstitial condensation. Dry floor coverings make it relatively easy to maintain the sealing element.

Criteria for designing a technical solution. The elements to be assessed during the design phase are as follows. Full adhesion of the vapor barrier to load-bearing structure. This makes it easier to detect seal defects. Accordingly, in the presence of large extensions of the lid, it is advisable to provide the necessary subdivisions of the heat-insulating element.

In addition to the above, there are two additional sections in the full white paper: Elementary and Layered Design Criteria and Criteria for Execution of a Technical Solution. These premises are located wholly or partially underground and are exposed to water and moisture in the soil - from precipitation, groundwater, irrigation, etc. in case of incorrect, damaged or missing waterproofing, water penetrates through walls and slabs. Humidity flows and spreads through floors and walls.

Capillary moisture penetrated the masonry and the concrete structure moved up the walls under the influence of pressurized water in the soil around the building. Moisture in the walls destroys materials over time and causes extremely serious damage to this type of premises - underlayers, salting and peeling internal plasters, the appearance of mold and mildew, the effects of moisture on furniture and objects in the room. Some technical rooms, such as hoists and shafts, may also have problems with the operation of the equipment.

The complexity of the problems that arise depends on the intensity of the water load, on the type and condition of the structure and foundations, but due to their specificity, they can only be solved with the use of a waterproofing material that is resistant to negative water pressure.

The total thickness of the two layers should be 3 mm. WATERPROOFING WALL. This is the area subject to the most water stress and is affected by rainwater, snowmelt and irrigation water. In addition, the plinth is exposed to several mechanical stresses and accidental impacts from passing cars, parking cars, unintentional impact on a person, etc. Which can damage the thermal insulation and plaster on it.

These processes, combined with a constant wetting and drying process over time, compromise the integrity of the nest. The resulting perturbations lead to the penetration of water inside the thermal insulation system and at the base below it. In the underground part, the walls are also subjected to heavy water loads - from precipitation, groundwater, irrigation, etc. improperly applied or damaged waterproofing penetrates the wall of moisture. Freezing of penetrating water at negative temperatures destroys materials in time and reduces their thermal insulation properties.

This leads to the destruction of coatings and the deposition of salts on internal surfaces walls and promotes the development of mold and mildew. For this reason, it is important to take into account the special mechanical and water loads in the area of ​​the nest and underground walls when planning and installing waterproofing and thermal insulation systems.

The adhesive must be applied to the entire surface of the tile. The plinth dowel is made at a height of at least 20 cm above ground level. Do not drill the waterproofing layer with dowels! Down, the thermal insulation boards can remain unpacked. In the underground part there is a waterproofing membrane, which is bent outward at the bottom.

The adhesive must be smeared on the entire surface of the base and plate. To prevent adhesive condensation under the plates, the joint area must be at least 6% of the total surface of the shell. Waterproofing is arguably one of the most important security systems for a facility to look forward to at the design stage. The application of waterproofing systems should be carried out during construction as a guarantee of good and reliable protection of structures. Various solutions for interior waterproofing of underground spaces are also available when not under construction.

Manufacturers of waterproofing systems are constantly striving to develop advanced materials for use in their technological solutions. An important condition right choice waterproofing is the knowledge of the conditions in which it will work: the presence of groundwater under pressure or moisture without hydrostatic pressure, aggressiveness of water, deformation due to sedimentation of the base, Severe difficult conditions under which waterproofing during the operation of buildings and structures requires extensive study and preparation both in design and installation.

It is necessary to ensure the highest degree of reliability and durability for these conditions, since a possible compromise of waterproofing will lead to flooding of soil floors and damage to the foundations of objects, and repairs are extremely difficult and costly.

Waterproofing membranes The most commonly used waterproofing systems consist of waterproofing membranes. They can be used to protect all types of underground structures from groundwater. Traditionally, polymer-modified bituminous membranes are used, which allow laying even at very low negative temperatures and on a wet or damp substrate, while maintaining their elastic properties. The reinforcing threads in the bitumen seal provide the necessary elasticity under tensile deformations and guarantee high tear resistance.