What does brick house mean. Which house to choose: monolithic, brick or panel

Buying an apartment is an important and responsible step, on which the quality of life largely depends. The first step is to analyze the available options, to study all the pros and cons. Let's take a closer look at which house to give preference to when choosing an apartment: monolithic or brick.

Now there is a decline in the construction of brick buildings. Increasingly, in the construction of houses, modern materials are used that are not inferior in quality to brick, but also cheaper. And therefore, when choosing housing, the scales tilt towards the time-tested brick house.

So, let's consider in more detail all the disadvantages and advantages of brick and monolithic houses.

Advantages and disadvantages of brick houses

Let's look at the benefits first:

• brick house differs in durability, it will serve more than a dozen years, will be inherited and will serve more than one generation. Great importance has environmental friendliness building material, aesthetic appearance of the house and its reliability;
• the brick structure is highly resistant, not subject to negative effects. Such houses are able to withstand weather conditions, the fire resistance of bricks provides fire resistance to the building, its walls are not subject to decay; . brick walls absorb moisture from environment, and when the weather changes, they get rid of it; . a brick house retains heat well in winter and coolness in summer.

Disadvantages of brick houses:

• duration of construction, as brick houses require shrinkage;
• in case of fire, the strength of brickwork decreases by 60-70 percent;
• apartments in brick houses are more expensive due to the high cost of building materials.

Now the new monolithic construction method is gaining popularity. Such construction is divided into two types: monolithic-frame and brick-monolithic. In the first construction option, monolithic frame, external walls with this method are laid out with bricks, insulation is laid inside. A newer and more modern technology is the construction of monolithic-frame houses. All elements of the frame and finishing structures are manufactured at the factory, and a large-nodal assembly of the building is performed at the construction site.

Advantages and disadvantages of monolithic houses

Advantages:

• The main advantage of monolithic houses is excellent sound insulation and a higher level of heat preservation. This is ensured by the absence of seams;
• an important advantage is that their cost is lower;
• and another advantage is the simplicity of redevelopment of the premises (especially relevant in our time);
• durability. The service life of such premises is long - more than a hundred years. During construction monolithic buildings modern, environmentally controlled materials are used.

Flaws:

• monolithic structures are inert, they do not absorb moisture, which entails some inconvenience during their operation;
• it is not entirely known how such houses will behave in our unstable climate, which often brings unexpected surprises in the form of severe frosts or a sudden thaw after a 20-degree frost.

From the above, we can make a logical conclusion that choosing an apartment in a brick house, living in it will be comfortable, and will not disappoint with reliability. But if you are concerned about the price issue and unexpectedly formed cracks in the walls, then you need to think about buying an apartment in a monolithic-frame house.

Today, the question is often discussed, which is better - a panel or a monolith? Almost magical properties of energy efficiency and durability are attributed to monolithic houses, while the technology of panel or, as it is rightly called, industrial housing construction, is considered obsolete and a thing of the past. Konstantin Kuznetsov, vice president for industry and construction of the PIK group of companies, told RBC-Nedvizhimost about the confrontation between the two construction technologies, their pros and cons.

- What, in your opinion, is better: panel and monolithic housing?

In fact, the confrontation "panel versus monolith" is far-fetched, these are two different ways of building buildings, with different design features. There are high-quality and low-quality both panel and monolithic houses, it all depends on who builds this building and how.

Industrial housing construction in our country is perhaps the only real way to solve the housing problem, since today only industrial technologies allow building quickly, efficiently and in large volumes.

- Why is there a negative attitude towards industrial housing construction in our country?

The negative perception of panel housing construction in our country has developed historically. Mass construction of residential buildings using reinforced concrete structures began in the Soviet Union in the 60s of the last century. At that time, priority was given to high rates of construction and cost savings, because we recall that apartments were issued free of charge, and therefore had to cost the state as cheaply as possible. Thus, due to the limited range of reinforced concrete products, their simplicity and high repeatability, the house was assembled very quickly, and its cost was low. It is impossible to ignore the fact that in serial houses, as a rule, the areas of rooms, kitchens and bathrooms were smaller than in monolithic or brick houses.

- Why are modern "panels" better?

- Significant changes have taken place in modern industrial houses - panel houses being built today are technologically completely different buildings that meet all modern safety and energy efficiency requirements. First of all, their service life has changed, the warranty period of a modern panel house is more than 100 years, the design of the outer wall has fundamentally changed, today it is a three-layer Wall panel, made according to the principle of a sandwich: reinforced concrete structures outside and inside, between them a highly effective insulation. For example, for insulation external panels in the houses of the P-3MK "Flagman" series, produced by the house-building plant, which is part of the PIK group of companies, high-tech heat-insulating material is used. In addition, in modern panel houses, window blocks are mounted immediately at the factory in accordance with the requirements of GOST, where strict control is carried out at the joints, which ensures the absence of heat loss and windproofness. PIK Group of Companies uses German PVC profiles and energy-efficient double-glazed windows with silver coating, which reflects up to 90% of heat waves, in its window units, which allows residents to significantly save heat. Ventilation valves are also provided in such windows.

Another important detail: in the production of modern panel houses, constructive solutions have been developed that protect the house from the progressive collapse of the building in emergency situations - these are special welded joints of structures that provide high reliability.

I note that modern industrial construction technologies are actively used today not only in the territory former USSR but also in other European and Asian countries.

- What are the main differences between the industrial technology of building houses and monolithic?

- The main differences are in the way of creating load-bearing and enclosing structures. In industrial housing construction, all house structures are manufactured at the factory, reinforced concrete elements gain strength in special heat treatment chambers under strict control in accordance with the requirements of GOST, which guarantees their quality. All structures come to the construction site in a completely finished form, for example, with already installed window blocks and ready-made channels for electrical wiring. At the construction site, workers simply assemble the finished elements of the house.

With the monolithic method of building a house, all the supporting structures of the house are concreted directly at the construction site, where it is necessary to carry out especially strict quality control of the work, because the probability of a violation of the construction process due to the human factor or adverse weather conditions is much higher here.

- What is the difference in terms of construction of buildings?

The speed of construction of a 17-storey panel house takes an average of 4-6 months and does not depend on weather conditions and seasons, because. at the construction site, only the assembly of the house takes place. A monolithic house is being built for a longer period - from a year to two. This is due to the slower concrete hardening process and climatic conditions. Concrete gains strength worse at temperatures below zero degrees or at too high temperature. After Basic structure ready - window blocks are mounted in a monolithic frame, channels for communications are cut in the walls. All this takes extra time.

- Does the cost of construction differ, given the difference in technology?

- Undoubtedly. The cost of building a panel house at direct costs is 20 - 40% lower than similar monolithic objects. There is also a difference in cost for the buyer, in a monolithic house the buyer must often independently build internal partitions between rooms and do electrical wiring, in a panel house the walls are rented out for fine finishing. This significantly saves on finishing costs.

- What are the advantages of monolithic housing construction?

One of the characteristic differences of monolithic technologies is the ability to give almost any arbitrary shape to buildings and apartments. In a monolith, it is much easier to realize the fantasies of a designer and architect, both in terms of the appearance of the whole house, the plasticity of the facade, and the internal layout of the apartments.

In panel houses, layouts are in most cases already determined: usually, the buyer is offered several layout options to choose from. At the same time, modern series of houses have a fairly large selection of areas and housing. The claims of consumers to the appearance of the facades of industrial houses are also taken into account today, and house-building factories are developing new facade solutions that give the houses a modern aesthetic appearance. By the way, this is one of the key areas of modernization carried out by our company over the past few years.

In addition, the PIK group of companies has done great job to improve the apartment layout in their homes, for example, in the KOPE Parus and KOPE Tower series alone, produced by the group, about 20 apartment layouts are offered, and in the near future it is planned to produce industrial series with free layouts. Taking into account the changing requirements, low-rise houses are being designed and developed, which will make it possible to more harmoniously build up new territories in Moscow and the region.

We do not stand still, we develop new design and technological solutions that allow us to build quickly, beautifully and with high quality.

The differences between these multi-storey buildings are insignificant. The main point is the methods of pouring concrete. If ready-made elements for a panel house arrive at the construction site, then the walls of the monolith are poured directly on the spot. With this method, it is not always possible to control the quality of work, while weather conditions can make some adjustments.

Monolithic or panel - which house is better for a quiet life?

In terms of comfort, a monolithic house is significantly ahead of its panel counterpart. It has a more developed infrastructure, while audibility in monolithic houses an order of magnitude lower. Among other advantages, it is worth highlighting the attractive appearance, thanks to which the skyscraper can easily become an organic part of any landscape.

Monolithic houses practically do not have seams and due to this, the period of their operation is significantly increased. Due to the uniform distribution of the load, it is possible to avoid the appearance of cracks in the thickness of the walls and on their surface. It is impossible not to mention the great opportunities for architectural experiments. Construction by monolithic technology allows you to embody the most daring fantasies in terms of the shape and layout of the object. All these advantages make it clear which house is better, monolithic or panel, but we will not prematurely sum up.

Against the background of such significant advantages, it may seem that a panel house is incompatible with the concept of “comfortable living”. Actually, it's not all that bad. The advantage of panel high-rise buildings lies in their rapid construction. The floor and walls are much smoother there, so further finishing can be done in a short time. The consumption of material in this case will be insignificant, because the surfaces are devoid of obvious defects.

Apartments in panel houses are primarily aimed at people with a limited budget. The price for them is an order of magnitude lower than for similar rooms in a monolithic new building. Most often, cheap housing is chosen by young families who seek to quickly acquire their own corner.

Housing in monolithic high-rise buildings is acquired by people with good financial capabilities. First of all, the quality of construction is important for them and often the question of price does not matter. In fairness, it should be noted that in some areas the difference in price between panel and monolithic apartments is negligible. To ensure a comfortable stay, you should still make a choice in favor of a monolith.

How are things going with audibility in monolithic houses

Soundproofing is one of the most important factors that you should pay attention to when buying. new apartment. If we compare the audibility in monolithic and panel houses, then in the latter it is much worse. In order not to hear every rustle of the neighbors, you will have to spend a lot of money. Considering the cost of soundproofing an apartment in a panel high-rise building, saving on its cost seems not entirely reasonable.

Noise isolation of an apartment in a monolithic high-rise building is much better. You will not hear the neighbor's TV behind the wall or the evening showdown. Nevertheless, many are trying to improve the soundproofing of their apartment, especially if the developer decided to save on materials and went around the rules.

Very often, a poor level of sound insulation occurs due to incorrect design or architectural decisions of the owner of the apartment. This is especially true for open-plan apartments.

The task of the developer is to hand over the "box" with communications, and the owner himself erects the partitions. The cause of noise can be poor-quality materials or illiterate layout. For example, if the bathroom borders the bedroom, then the sound of water through the pipes will become commonplace.

Having considered the advantages and disadvantages, the question of which house is better, monolithic or panel, you can find the right answer. The positive properties of the monolith are obvious, and the problem of audibility can be easily solved with the help of noise-insulating materials.
Buying an apartment is an extremely important decision. Try to find the advantages and disadvantages in your particular case, and only then make a deal.

Having bought housing in a panel house, will you have to regret the purchase. After all, having paid extra, and having acquired an apartment in a monolithic house, you can not hear the screams of neighbors behind the wall day by day, do not complain about the cold. Yes, and redraw your own living space can be quite easy. What to choose - a panel or a monolith?

Until now, thousands of Russians live in apartments. Technical progress touched upon the technology of construction of residential buildings. It became possible to build taller houses with a qualitatively new level of comfort. Panel houses built using outdated technologies have a standard look and do not differ in variety.

Houses of the P-44T, KOPE, P-3M, GSM-1 series combine all the advantages and benefits of panel houses, and thanks to the use modern technologies in their design and construction, can be serious competition. Panel houses are characterized by small areas of apartments, low price and a fairly functional layout. It is also important that the apartment is almost ready for renovation, which cannot be said about monolithic houses. Unlike panel houses, monolithic houses have a more attractive appearance, as they are built according to “individual” projects. Apartments in monolithic houses have a large area. Due to the lack of interior partitions, the owner can design his own apartment. But this increases the cost of repairs.

Panel houses

According to Muscovites, approximately 29% do not highlight any advantages, 26% are pleased with the low cost of such housing, 15% of residents of the capital like the high speed of building a house, 8% of residents of the capital are absolutely satisfied with everything, 8% of Moscow residents believe that in panel houses it is cooler in summer and warmer in winter, and only 14% of Muscovites live in panel houses and are not satisfied with the conditions.

The negative qualities of panel houses, which are called by the residents of such structures: poor quality, low level of sound insulation, difficulty in redevelopment, ugly appearance. When characterizing panel-type houses, the following phrases were most often mentioned: "I hear everything my neighbors do", "the ceiling and walls can crack", "it's cold in winter", "unattractive", "uncomfortable", "the house is fragile".

Monolithic houses

Construction began in the capital only 15 years ago. Now such houses can be safely called houses of a new generation. But like panel houses, monolithic houses have both weaknesses and strengths. Positive features are found in monolithic houses such: the strength of the building, the possibility, a high level of sound insulation, high thermal insulation properties. Comments on this issue: "a monolithic house is stronger and more reliable", "the house is earthquake resistant", "high sound insulation". Residents are attracted by the fact that “you can do the redevelopment yourself”, “you can do whatever you want inside”. “A monolithic house is durable and lasts a long time.” Phrases like “nothing leaks”, “ideal for life”, “only advantages”, “I would prefer it for life” were also used.

Among the shortcomings of monolithic type houses, the following were singled out: the high cost of housing, the poor quality of buildings, some consider the lack of partitions and the fact that the house takes a long time to build as a disadvantage. And again, the respondents' comments about the shortcomings of monolithic housing. “High”, “monolithic houses are built for a long time”, “use of non-environmental materials”, “extremely poor quality of construction”. People are not satisfied with the fact that the apartment must actually be rebuilt, the construction of partitions takes a lot of effort, money and time. Some residents of the capital gave the following arguments: “not enough air”, “presence of drafts”, “inconvenient location of apartments”.

Summing up

Most residents of the capital (68%) find their affordable price (26%) and speed of construction to be an advantage. However, 32% of Muscovites do not find any advantages in prefabricated houses.

Despite this, after the next question, it turned out that the vast majority of Muscovites (98.52%) find a lot of shortcomings in prefabricated houses. In addition to the main drawback, the low quality of buildings, the following were highlighted: poor sound insulation, cold, impossibility of redevelopment, etc.

They also have their fans. 98.54% of Muscovites are aware of the advantages of such houses. 43% of residents are sure that monolithic houses are strong and durable. In addition, these houses have an attractive appearance. Many were pleased with the opportunity to make redevelopment to their liking.

The disadvantages of monolithic houses were also identified. 30% of Muscovites believe that such houses are too expensive. Many are not satisfied with the quality of construction, the timing of the construction of houses and the need for independent construction of partitions.

The current panel-type houses have been significantly improved. They are built faster and among their advantages is that apartments, as a rule, are cheaper Monolithic houses on a deep pile foundation the most resistant to soil movements and floods, they have no seams and joints; in fact, these are single rigid structures

How does the type of house affect the liquidity and quality of an apartment, what do developers offer today, what technologies are used and, finally, what kind of house will be warm, durable and comfortable for living?

Panel house

Panel house technology is the construction of prefabricated blocks produced at house-building factories. In the 70s of the last century, panel microdistricts could be found in all cities, since this housing was built quickly. However, the quality suffered at the same time: a significant drawback of panel housing construction was poor thermal insulation of interpanel seams. The current panel-type houses have been significantly improved. They are built faster and among their advantages is that apartments, as a rule, are cheaper. But the layout of housing is always known in advance: if the buyer is focused on a standard layout, then a panel house will give him the necessary “predictability”. And for someone who wants to show imagination in arranging their apartment, a panel house with its clear layout is hardly suitable.

Panel today. In the primary market, panel houses today account for up to 20%, although back in 2001-2003. such construction was very popular.

Opinion. According to Viktor Korshenbaum, construction director of the Severny Gorod company, panel housing construction has exhausted itself. This is primarily due to the fact that the buyer has become more demanding, and the quality of panel houses no longer suits him. Although there is no doubt that such houses have a margin of safety, the future lies with more durable and reliable technologies.

Brick house

Material tested for centuries. Housing in brick houses is of high quality and comfortable. Brick houses "breathe" better and are much more environmentally friendly; they are heat-intensive, have a high degree of protection against ignition. Brick is not susceptible to the appearance of fungi and microorganisms.

Opinion. According to Alexander Perevyazkin, Director General of CJSC Petrotrest-Monolit, the technology of brick housing construction is one of the most conservative. In Soviet times, attempts were repeatedly made to mechanize the procedure brickwork, but they all ended in nothing. The idea of ​​brick panels and brick blocks was not implemented either.

"Brick" and the housing market today. Brick houses are usually classified as luxury housing, but there are currently very few offers for brick construction on the housing construction market. This is due to the fact that the technology brick building provides for long construction periods and increased labor intensity. Therefore, housing in brick houses is quite expensive, and offers for the sale of apartments in new brick buildings are quite rare.

Brick-monolithic house

Technology leaders. Apartments in monolithic houses, according to experts, are the most liquid type of real estate and they are bought up in the first place. The basic principle monolithic construction is that the supporting skeleton of the building is made of concrete: during construction, a rigid frame is created with various types of enclosing structures. External walls - brick with a layer thermal insulation material or panel.

Opinion. Monolithic housing construction, according to Viktor Korshenbaum, construction director of Severny Gorod, is the most advanced building technology that is becoming increasingly popular.

Experts say that the real life of the "monolith" is more than 100 years. However, this statement can be called into question if, due to the crisis, the developer switched to cheaper materials. In this case, even building a house using monolithic technology is not a guarantee of quality. Guarantee High Quality the reputation of the builder and the quality control system created by him, which gives confidence that only high-quality materials and technologies that have passed a special test, are used in construction.

What is good about "monolith"? Monolithic housing construction has become the optimal solution for St. Petersburg. As you know, St. Petersburg stands on marshy soft ground, so even long piles of durable houses do not save the foundation from destruction. And monolithic houses on a deep pile foundation are the most resistant to soil movements and floods, they have no seams and joints; in fact, these are single rigid structures.

Example. Leading developers, such as the Severny Gorod company, use this technology in construction, primarily because monolithic-brick buildings are durable, have increased thermal insulation properties and are environmentally friendly.

The use of this technology avoids sedimentary cracks. In addition, the safety of such houses is confirmed by experts: a monolithic-brick building does not have harmful effects on the health of the people living in it - all the embankments in the city, by the way, are made of the same granite from which the crushed stone used in the construction of monolithic buildings is made.

Individual project and layout. Another advantage of monolithic houses is their individuality. Each house has its own project, it is original and unique. Monolithic houses are exclusive, so they are usually built in especially attractive places in the city. An important feature is that in most rented houses in apartments there are only load-bearing walls, and the buyer decides what area and configuration the premises will be and how many there will be. In these houses, you can make a free layout and embody your ideas and vision of housing.

Completely monolithic new buildings are quite rare, most often they are brick-monolithic or panel-monolithic new buildings. When creating facades, architects and builders have great freedom in the choice of forms and materials. As a rule, external walls are faced with bricks or wall blocks with laying several layers of special insulation. As a result, the level of thermal insulation and noise protection increases by 20-40%.

Opinion. As Victor Korshenbaum, construction director of Severny Gorod, emphasizes, it is very important from the point of view of the energy efficiency of the building that the walls made using monolithic technology have practically no seams. Accordingly, there are no problems with joints and their sealing, and the problem of air exchange is solved by installing special valves in plastic windows.

What is the result?
1. Panel housing construction is popular due to the low price and high speed of building houses. However, the quality of panel construction, as before, is inferior to brick and monolithic.
2. Brick housing - comfortable, reliable, environmentally friendly and convenient. But along with the advantages, there are also disadvantages - the high cost and duration of the construction cycle. To date, there are practically no offers for brick housing on the market of housing under construction.
3. Monolithic