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Is it possible to light candles during the prayer? Fasting in Ramadan: women's issues. Contraindications for use

Currently, a cutlet is a product made from minced meat, fried in the form of a flatbread, with the addition of bread, onions (sometimes garlic, herbs and spices).
This is about theory. Now about practice. My grandmother taught me how to cook cutlets (I watched her prepare this dish when I was little). She usually prepared them from minced beef (although, as mentioned above, you can also use lamb, chicken, or a mixture of several types of meat, as well as fish or vegetables).
So what we need:
For about 10-12 cutlets -

500-600 g minced beef,
a third of a loaf of white bread,
medium onion, salt, pepper.

It is better to make minced meat for cutlets yourself. Of course, if you are short on time or don’t have a meat grinder at home, you can buy a ready-made one, but in stores, the minced meat is often the most stringy meat or even meat fat, so the cutlets are of poor quality (not to mention the fact that they are often greatly reduced in size from - for melted fat). To ensure that the cutlets are tender and airy, it is better not to be lazy and turn the meat through a meat grinder twice.
As for the bread. It depends on its presence and quantity whether the cutlets will be denser (if you don’t put in enough bread) or, on the contrary, more fluffy (if you put in more of it). If you decide not to put bread into the minced meat at all, then do not forget to add a raw egg, otherwise the cutlets may fall apart during frying.
Before mixing bread with minced meat, it must first be soaked for at least 15 minutes in water or milk. Then squeeze out the excess liquid and grind through a meat grinder along with the minced meat.
IN classic recipe They put white bread in the minced meat, but if you don’t have it at home, you can use black bread (although the taste is peculiar) or even grated raw potatoes (to be honest, I don’t particularly like this option - you can feel the taste of starch).
It is also better to pass the onion through a meat grinder along with bread and meat. If you want a spicier taste, you can add garlic or red hot pepper to the minced meat.
Another option is to add sweet bell peppers, also minced through a meat grinder, into the minced meat, as well as parsley, cilantro or basil, coriander seeds or cumin. But this is not for everybody.

The resulting minced meat should be thoroughly mixed, salt and pepper to taste. You can add a raw egg, but if you have bread, the cutlets won’t fall apart even without the egg.
Next, pieces are separated from the minced meat of such a size that they fit in handfuls in the palm of your hand, but you can make smaller or larger ones, then roll in breadcrumbs or flour and fry (about five minutes on each side).

Most often, cutlets are fried in vegetable oil in a frying pan, but they can also be baked in the oven. A more dietary option is in the microwave or in a convection oven. There the cutlets are fried without oil. Good for those who are watching their figure and don't want to... excess fat, but still, without a crispy crust, cutlets are no longer the same.

Cutlets are served with a variety of side dishes - potatoes, rice, pasta, salad fresh vegetables(the last option is the healthiest, as nutritionists believe, vegetables help meat digest).

For people suffering from diseases of the digestive organs, you can prepare steamed cutlets. In this case, the minced meat is made without onions and spices; instead of bread, you can put boiled rice. Such cutlets are not fried in oil, but steamed (in a double boiler) or simply in a saucepan.

Beef cutlets are good because you can eat them hot or cold, put them on bread and take them with you instead of a sandwich.

Instead of beef, you can take lamb (but such cutlets should only be eaten hot, lamb fat is refractory and solidifies when cold), and chicken or turkey, or a mixture of these types of meat. Cutlets can also be made from fish.

If your family and you want some variety, you can prepare cutlets with filling. As a filling you can take cheese and herbs, mushrooms fried with onions, boiled egg with cheese, finely chopped sweet peppers with herbs and cheese. In this case, the minced meat is made as described above (the only thing is that it is better to add an egg, otherwise the filling will fall out), then it is divided into pieces and formed into flat cakes with a diameter of approximately 7-10 cm and a thickness of 1-1.5 cm. filling, the edges are raised up and pinched together like a pie. Roll in breadcrumbs or flour and fry on both sides.

If you're on a fasting day and don't feel like eating meat, try making potato cutlets. To do this, you need to boil the potatoes, then drain the water from them (leaving a little so that you can mash them into a puree). Add to it butter and a raw egg (you can also fried onions) and crush it all into puree - it should be thicker and steeper than usual mashed potatoes, otherwise it will spread.

Season with salt and pepper, roll into balls, roll in flour or breadcrumbs and fry. These cutlets are very good with fried mushrooms or sour cream. They can also be made with filling in the same way as meat cutlets.

Bon appetit!

Muslima (Anya) Kobulova

The fast is broken under the following circumstances:

- eat even a tiny amount of food - the size of a sesame seed or even less, if this happened consciously and without coercion, and the person knew that it was prohibited. And also the Fast is broken if you drink even a drop of water or medicine.

Comment : The fast is not broken by inhaling road dust, as well as tiny particles when sifting flour or something similar, since it is difficult to avoid this. It is not forbidden to taste food if you do not swallow it.

— The fast is broken if water enters the body during intensive rinsing of the mouth or during inhalation. The Fast is also broken if you swallow saliva that has come out of your mouth, for example, if you pull it back in and swallow saliva from the outside of your lips.

If pure saliva collected in the oral cavity was swallowed, then the Fast is not broken.

If a person has swallowed sputum, then there are two conclusions on this issue:

a) if phlegm has risen in the throat above the place where the Arabic letter ح is pronounced ( X) and was swallowed, then the Fast is broken.

If the mucus in the nose has descended below the haishum (the nasal bone, which is located at the base of the nose), and the person has pulled it back in, then the Fast is broken.

b) if phlegm has risen in the throat below the place where the Arabic letter ح is pronounced ( X) and was swallowed, then the Fast is not broken.

If the phlegm in the nose, while descending, did not reach the khaishum (nasal bone, which is located at the base of the nose), and the person pulled it back, then the Fast is not broken.

According to the school of Imam Abu X anifa in all these cases the Fast is not broken.

- if after the beginning of dawn you swallow unclean saliva, for example, from the smoke of a cigarette smoked before dawn, then the Fast is broken.

- if a person vomits involuntarily and then swallows the saliva before cleaning his mouth, his Fast is broken, since his saliva was contaminated with vomit.

- if a person smokes, then his Fast is broken, since the small particles that make up the smoke enter the body when smoking.

- if smoke from a cigarette of a person smoking nearby, for example in a car, gets into the respiratory tract of a fasting person, then his Fast is not broken.

- Also, the Fast is not broken by inhaling the smoke of incense, for example, bakhur or the smell of perfume.

- using an enema through the anus or anterior passage also violates the Fast. Drops in the nose or ears also break the Fast if the medicine gets inside. Some theologians have said that using drops in the ears does not break Lent. The use of eye drops does not break the Fast, as do subcutaneous or intravenous injections.

- if the fasting person lost consciousness and then came to his senses again, then his Fast is not broken, provided that he was not unconscious for the whole day. If he remained in an unconscious state from dawn to full sunset (that is, the whole day), then his Fast is invalid.

- The fast of a person who has had an attack of insanity, that is, madness, even if it lasted a moment, is broken.

- if a fasting person sleeps all day from the beginning of dawn until full sunset, then his Fast is not broken.

— The fast is broken if a woman begins menstruation or a period of postpartum cleansing on the day of Fasting, even if the discharge appears shortly before sunset.

- If a fasting person had a wet dream, that is, involuntary ejaculation during sleep, his Fast is not broken. If ejaculation occurred as a result of masturbation or during the embrace of a naked husband and wife, then the Fast is broken. If ejaculation occurred due to touch through an insulator, for example, through clothing, and there was no purpose to cause ejaculation, then the Fast is not broken.

- The Fast of a person who has sexual intercourse in the daytime of the month of Ramadan is broken consciously, remembering that he is observing the Fast and was not forced to do so, and he knew that it was prohibited, even if he did not ejaculate. If he has sexual intercourse, forgetting that he is fasting, then his Fast is not broken, and this day does not remain a debt for him. Anyone who wakes up in the morning after ejaculation as a result of sexual intercourse committed at night, etc., then he continues to observe the Fast, and for G usul.

Prophet Mu's Wife X ammada, peace be upon him, ‘Aisha, may Allah have mercy on her, said that when dawn came and the Prophet, peace be upon him, was able junub, He took a full ritual bath and observed Fasting. This was reported by Imam Al-Bukhariy.

Some circumstances under which the Fast is also broken:

- committing kufr without coercion, that is, not under pain of death, if it was done consciously, that is, there was no reservation; and it does not matter whether it was done as a joke or seriously, or in a state of anger. And also regardless of whether he remembered that he was observing Lent or did not remember. This violates the Fast, since worship from an unbeliever is not accepted.

- ejaculation as a result of passionate kisses during the daytime of Lent also violates Lent. As for passionate kisses, if this does not lead to ejaculation, then this does not break the Fast. But this is prohibited during the daytime of Lent if the person was aware that this could lead to ejaculation.

During Lent, the following actions are prohibited, although they do not violate Lent: observation of forbidden things, deception, slander, slander. And what some people have written and say:

«خَمْسٌ يُفَطِّرْنَ الصَّائِمَ النَّظْرَةُ الْمُحَرَّمَةُ وَالْكَذِبُ وَالْغِيبَةُ وَالنَّمِيمَةُ وَالْقُبْلَةُ»

falsely attributing these words to Prophet Mu X ammadu, peace be upon him. These words mean that five things violate the Fast: forbidden glance, lying, slander, gossip and kissing.

Is not X adi With Prophet, and the above actions do not violate the Fast, but are prohibited, and some of them, such as slander, cancel the reward of the Fast.

______________________________

Aroma sticks.

Condition after which you need to do G usul, for example, after sexual intercourse (with his wife).

A slip of the tongue in this case is a mistake in words; a word or phrase mistakenly said instead of others that are needed.

Why is this night called the night of predestination Laylatul Qadr?

On this night, Allah lets the angels know about the events that will happen over the next year: who will die and who will begin new life; which of Allah's servants will be struck by illness, poverty or misfortune; to whom Allah will give blessings, health and wealth, etc. This night is named so because on this night the earth is filled with angels who descend from heaven.

There are some signs by which you can recognize “Lailat Al-Qadr”. Of these is the vision of the special light that Allah created. This light is large and bright, different from the light of the sun, moon or electricity. The sign is considered to be the vision of a bowing tree or the ability to hear the voices of angels, as well as the vision of angels in their real form.

It is necessary to be sure that the sun has already set before breaking the fast. When the believer is sure that this has happened, he must immediately stop fasting. The Prophet Muhammad said this in the name of the Prophet "Muhammad" the letter "x" is pronounced as ح in Arabic, peace be upon him, in the hadith narrated by Imam Muslim, meaning:

“People will be prosperous if they hurry to break the Fast”

Breaking the fast, Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. advised to eat a date, but if it is impossible to get one, in this case you should drink water. Abu Dawud reported that the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, meaning:

“If one of you completes the Fast, then he begins his meal with a date. If he doesn’t find a date, he drinks water.”

Before starting your meal, it is advisable to say the following:

“I was wasi’al-magfirati igfirli Bismillahir-Rah manir-Rah im”

“Oh Allah! You are the All-Merciful, the Forgiving! Forgive my sins! I begin with the Name of Allah, Merciful for everyone in this World and only for believers in the Next World.”

“Allahumma laka suumtu wa `ala ryzkykya aftartu”

“Oh, Allah! For Your sake I fasted and accepted the food that You gave me."

Blessed time of sahur

Sahur is the time before dawn when Muslims can eat for the last time before each day of fasting in Ramadan. At this time, it is advisable to drink at least a sip of water. Imam Muslim reported this. what the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, meaning:

“Observe sahur - this is a blessed time”

During the month of Ramadan, it is advisable to give more alms, maintain contact with relatives, read the Qur'an, treat those fasting at iftars, and be in the mosque.

It must be remembered that it is very important to constantly control your speech and actions, do as many good deeds as possible, constantly think about doing good deeds, and also suppress intemperance and aggressiveness. Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, meaning:

“Fasting is a fence. Anyone who fasts should not have sexual intercourse during the daytime and should not use foul language, and if anyone intends to provoke him into swearing or fighting, let him tell that person that he is fasting.” Narrated by Imams Al-Bukhariy and Muslim from Abu Hurayrah.

In Muslim countries, there is a tradition of notifying believers about the beginning of the holy month of Ramadan with a cannon shot. Some believe that the Ramadan cannon first appeared in Egypt in the 9th-10th centuries; they say that the same specimen from which the first shot was fired is still located in the Cairo Citadel.

The tradition of notifying Muslims of the beginning of the month of Ramadan with a cannon shot

It is believed that the use of cannons to notify believers about the beginning of Lent began due to the expansion of the borders of Cairo - one call was no longer enough, and the echo of the shot was heard far around, and residents not only of the city, but also of the surrounding area learned that the next day was beginning Fast. This tradition gradually spread to other Muslim countries.

In some countries, believers began to be notified with a cannon shot and the end of fasting every day at sunset.

Today this tradition is preserved in Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Turkey. Tunisia and many other Muslim countries.

Another Muslim tradition of waking up those fasting for Sahur with the beating of drums has Ottoman roots. During the Ottoman Empire, drummers (dayaulci) specially hired by the ruler woke up residents before dawn.

Night round "al-musaherati" (tradition of waking up those fasting for sahur)

Drummers walked through all the streets, beating a special drum (davul) and singing quatrains in which they praised Ramadan. The beat of the drums awakened the believers from their sleep so that they could get up and eat before they had to struggle all day. According to custom, the hostess (usually the mother of the family) or the cook who cooks in the house was the first to rise by the beat of the drum to prepare food for the whole family, and then they woke up all the rest of the household to receive food. After the end of the Lent, the inhabitants rewarded the davulji with money for the fact that they regularly woke them up for the whole month.

The presence of alarm clocks and mobile phones in modern homes does not leave the need for drummers, however, in Turkey, from where this tradition has spread to many Muslim countries, to meet davulji in holy month Ramadan is possible even today in big cities in each district there is a drummer who, like many centuries ago, wakes up fasting people and praises Ramadan.

“There is no problem for a fasting Muslim to use a candle that is inserted into the anus if he is sick, because it is not food and drink and does not carry the meaning of food and drink. The legislator forbade us to eat and drink (in the month of Ramadan), so that which replaces the place of eating and drinking is given the position of eating and drinking. And that which is not such does not enter into food and drink, both in pronunciation and in meaning, since the ruling on food and drink is not established in relation to it. But Allah knows best!”(See “Mazhmuu Fataua” 19\204).

“What is introduced into the anus in order to find out the temperature of the patient and so on does not violate the fast.

Then we have an important rule for requiring knowledge, and this is: if we fell into doubt about any thing, whether it breaks the fast or not, then the basis is that it does not break. For we dare not invalidate the worship of the servant of Allah, except on the basis of a clear argument, which will become an argument for us before the Almighty and Great Allah.(See “Sharkh Mumti” 3\46).

Does the use of antimony and the instillation of eye, ear and nasal drops break the fast?

Shaykh Ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “According to the most correct opinion of scientists, due to eye and ear drops, a fasting Muslim does not break his fast. Therefore, if he feels the taste of drops in his throat, then as a precaution it is better to make up for that day, but this is not a necessary action, since the ears and eyes are not openings for the passage of food and drink. As for nasal drops, it is not permissible to use them, since the nose is an opening for passage. Therefore the Prophet (ﷺ) said: . Therefore, whoever uses them, then compensation is due to him based on this hadith..."(See “Maju Fataua” 15\260)

Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “There is no problem in using antimony while fasting, just as there is no problem in using eye and ear drops. Even if he tastes it in his throat, it still does not break his fast, since it is not like food and drink and does not carry the meaning of food and drink. And the argument for this is that when Allah Almighty forbade taking food and water after dawn, He did not add to them anything that does not contain the meaning of food and drink. And this opinion, which we mentioned, was preferred by Sheikh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him. And it is correct. As for the use of nasal drops, if it penetrates the stomach (or abdomen), then it breaks the fast, if it was done deliberately. Based on the words of the Prophet (ﷺ):“Rinse your nose thoroughly unless you are fasting.” (Abu Daud, 142, Tirmidhi, 788, etc.)” (See “Majmuu Fataua wa Rasail” 19\205.).

Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him, also said: “Shaykhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, is of the opinion that antimony does not break the fast, even if its taste reaches the throat, since it is not referred to as food and drink and does not carry the meaning of food and drink. And through it they do not receive what they gain through eating and drinking. And no obvious authentic hadith came from the Prophet (ﷺ) indicating that antimony breaks the fast. Therefore, the basis is the absence of breaking the fast and the validity of worship until it is proven to us that it has invalidated the worship. And this opinion of him (Ibn Taymiyyah) is correct, even if a person feels the taste of it in his throat."(See “Majmu al-Fataua” 25\233-235. And “Sharh Mumti” 3\46.).

Shaykh Ibn Baz (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked regarding the use of antimony and certain ornaments for women during the daytime of Ramadan? The Sheikh replied as follows: “The use of antimony does not break the fast of either women or men, according to the most correct opinion among the two opinions of scientists. However, it is better to use it at night (after sunset). In the same way, that through which the beauty of faces is achieved, such as soap, cream and other things that touch the outer side of the skin, this includes henna, makeup (al-makiyaj) and others; in using all this there is no problem for the fasting person. But at the same time, you should not use makeup if it harms your face."(See “Majmu Fataua” 15\259).

Do injections break the fast?

Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “The injections are divided into two parts:

First part:These are nutritional injections, due to which there is no need for food and drink, since they give what food and drink give, then such injections break the fast!…

Second part:These are not nutritional injections, through which the need for food and drink is satisfied, such injections do not break the fast... since this is neither food nor drink, just as it does not carry the meaning of food and drink. The basis is the validity of the fast until it is proven that it violates it according to the Shari’ah argument.”(See “Fataawa al-Siyam” by Sheikh Ibn ‘Usaymeen, p. 58)

Does using asthma sprays break the fast??

Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “It is permissible for a fasting Muslim to use atomizers against asthma. Regardless of whether he fasts in the month of Ramadan or in other months. This is because the atomizer does not reach the stomach, but reaches the respiratory tract, then it opens them due to the properties it contains. And after that the person breathes normally. Moreover, it does not provide what food and drink provide, which reaches the stomach. And it is well known that the basis is the validity of fasting, until an argument comes from the Koran, or the Sunnah, or the unanimous opinion of scholars or the correct analogy (qiyas), - an argument that will indicate the invalidity of the fast."(See "Fadail Ramadan" page 1).

Ramadan message from Sheikh Yunus Patel (may Allah bless him)

To elevate his spiritual “I”, a person for some time needs to curb the excessive indulgence of the desires of his animal “I”. "Perhaps you will fear God"- this is the purpose of fasting as proclaimed by the Holy Quran.

Fasting from dawn to dusk during the blessed month of Ramadan in obedience to the order of Allah Almighty is a training during which one develops taqwa(fear of God, awareness of the presence of Allah) is a distinctive feature of a believer. Even if he is alone on the hottest day of the year, he will not give in to temptation and will not allow himself a drop of water, because he is convinced that he cannot hide from the gaze of the All-Seeing One.

– at home, in our relationships with parents, wife, children;

- At work;

– on trips

– and even when we are alone, –

with full confidence that we will never hide from the Sight and Knowledge of Allah Almighty.

In addition to observing the rules governing the validity of fasting, we also need to make efforts to cleanse our hearts of base qualities.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT FASTING

1. How important is Suhoor in Ramadan?

Suhur is sunnah. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is reported to have said:

Eat before dawn, because Suhoor is barakat. (Bukhari, 1789; Muslim, 1835; narrated by Anas, may Allah be pleased with him)

However, the fast is valid even without suhoor.

2. Is it possible to use toothpaste or tooth powder while fasting?

This is makruh. (Jawahir-ul-fiqh. - Karachi: ed. Dar-ul-ulum. - Volume 1, p. 379)

3. Is the fast broken by injections?

The fast is not broken. But if the injection is given directly into the stomach or brain, the fast will be broken. (Ahsan-ul-fatawa. - Ed. Said. - Volume 4, p. 432)

Note. Insulin injected into the stomach does not break the fast because it is not injected directly into the stomach.

4. Does using an IV break the fast?

No. (Fatawa Mahmudiya. – Ed. Faruqiya. – Volume 10, p. 149)

5. Is it possible to donate blood for testing during fasting?

Yes, you can do this, if it does not weaken you so much that keeping the fast becomes difficult. (Ahsan-ul-fatawa. – Volume 4, page 435)

6. If rainwater gets into my mouth and I swallow it, will my fast be broken?

Yes. (Fatava Hindi. – Publ. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 203; Radd-ul-mukhtar. – Publ. Tijaria. – Volume 2, p. 403)

7. Is fasting broken by vomiting?

The fast will be broken only if a person vomits a mouthful and he deliberately swallows this vomit, or if he deliberately induces vomiting with a mouthful, regardless of whether he swallows the vomit or not. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, pp. 203–204)

By "(vomiting) a mouthful" is meant an amount that a person cannot hold in the mouth without effort.

8. If I ejaculate in my sleep at night or while fasting, will my fast still be valid?

Yes, the post is still valid. (Radd-ul-mukhtar. – Published by Tijaria. – Volume 2, p. 396)

9. I have been prescribed daily eye drops. What will happen to my post?

Dropping medicine into the eyes (regardless of whether the medicine is liquid or not) does not affect the validity of the fast. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 203)

10. Is it possible to swim while fasting?

Not recommended. If water is swallowed by mistake, or if water enters the body through the nose and reaches the brain, the fast will be broken and will need to be restored. (Takhtavi. Hashiya ala “Marakil-falyah”. – Ed. Ilmiya. – Page 671)

11. Is it possible to apply oil to your head while fasting?

Yes, this is allowed. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 203)

12. My exams fall during Ramadan, and it’s hard for me to concentrate on an empty stomach. Is it possible to postpone fasting and keep it after Ramadan ends?

This is not allowed. Keep the fast and pray to Allah Almighty to make it easier for you. (Fatava Rakhimiya. – Old ed. Dar-ul-ishaat. – Volume 2, p. 34)

13. I am asthmatic. Is fasting broken when using an inhaler?

It is advisable that you use your inhaler during Suhoor and Iftar.

But in case of an acute attack, you can use an inhaler. This will break the fast and will need to be restored. (Takhtavi. Hashiya ala “Marakil-falyah”. – Ed. Ilmiya. – Page 677)

14. Is fasting broken due to nosebleeds?

No, the fast is not broken just because of nosebleeds. But if blood passes through the throat, the fast will be broken if a person tastes blood in the throat or if the swallowed blood is more or the same as the saliva swallowed with it. If there is less blood than saliva, the fast remains valid. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 203)

15. Is it possible to swim after Suhoor to cleanse yourself from Janabat?

It is not recommended to delay fard ghusl for no reason. But if a person is in such a situation that he wants to take suhoor before performing ghusl, it is permissible. (Fath-ul-mulhim. - Ed. Dar-ul-kalam. - Volume 5, p. 226)

16. Does smoking break fasting?

Yes, it breaks the fast. (Takhtavi. Hashiya ala “Marakil-falyah”. – Ed. Ilmiya. – Page 677)

17. Is the use of rectal suppositories allowed during fasting?

Inserting medications etc. into the anus breaks the fast. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 204)

18. If during fasting a person sprays deodorant on himself and accidentally inhales it, will the fast be broken? Is it necessary to restore the post?

The fast is not broken by applying perfume and inhaling its aroma. Therefore, wearing perfume (itr) during fasting is allowed. But deliberate inhalation of something that has a tangible form, such as smoke (smoke of incense, fumes of itra, agarbatti, oud, etc.), breaks the fast. (Takhtavi. Hashiya ala “Marakil-falyah”. – Ed. Ilmiya. – Page 660)

19. Does masturbation break the fast?

It is not permissible to masturbate, regardless of whether one is fasting or not. If a person nevertheless commits this heinous act while fasting, the fast will be broken and must be restored. (Radd-ul-mukhtar. – Published by Tijaria. – Volume 2, p. 399)

Note. For committing this vile act it is necessary to commit a large number of sincere repentance.

20. Are spouses allowed to kiss during fasting?

This is permitted subject to the following conditions:

a) neither spouse swallows someone else’s saliva.

b) They control their passion and it will not lead to intercourse or ejaculation. (Radd-ul-mukhtar. – Published by Tijaria. – Volume 2, p. 410)

However, this action is not recommended during fasting.

If the partner's saliva is swallowed, it will be necessary not only to restore the fast, but also to commit kaffarah (i.e., fast for 60 days in a row).

WOMEN'S ISSUES

1. Does a woman need to restore the days of fasting missed due to menstruation?

Yes, Mrs. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported the words of the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that a menstruating woman will restore the missed days of fasting, but she should not restore the prayer missed during her period. (Igla-us-sunan. – Ed. Idarat-ul-Quran. – Volume 1, p. 372)

2. Is it possible to visit a gynecologist during Ramadan? Is it possible to do a cervical smear?

Injecting medicine into the genitals breaks the fast. Therefore, it is recommended to make an appointment after Ramadan. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 204)

3. Is it possible for a fasting woman to breastfeed her baby?

A fasting woman is allowed to breastfeed her child. Breastfeeding does not break the fast. (Jawahir-ul-fiqh. - Karachi: ed. Dar-ul-ulum. - Volume 1, p. 380)

4. Is it possible to take medication during Ramadan, for example in the form of (contraceptive) pills, in order to avoid the onset of menstruation, i.e. to observe all the days of fasting, since it is very difficult to restore the missed days of fasting?

Although this is permitted, it is not the most The best decision. This may lead to side effects in the form of menstrual irregularities, etc., which will lead in the future to difficulties and problems in performing namaz, umrah (hajj), etc., not to mention other long-term health problems.

5. I would like to clarify the issue of women skipping fasting due to pregnancy or breastfeeding. After Ramadan, do they need to make up for the missed days of fasting or is it enough to just pay fidyah?

Breastfeeding and pregnant women may postpone the Ramadan fast if fasting would harm their health or the health of their child. After Ramadan, they will need to restore the missed days of fasting, if they are able to do so. The payment of fidya will not be sufficient for someone who is physically able to hold the kaza for missed days of fasting.

Note. Breastfeeding and pregnant women should consult a reputable and experienced Muslim physician as to whether fasting will be harmful to them or not.

6. If her period started during Ramadan fasting, can she eat (secretly) if she is alone? Can she eat if her period ends during the day? If in both of the above cases she kept the fast until the end, will her fast be valid (after all, she fasted for some part of the day, being in a pure state)?

If her period began while she was fasting, she is allowed to eat in secret (not in front of people). But if her period ends during the daytime, she should abstain from eating, drinking, etc., both in public and in private, and act like a fasting person.

In both cases, her fast will be invalid, since menstruating women cannot fast. She will need to reinstate these days of fasting after Ramadan. (Ahsan-ul-fatawa. - Ed. Said. - Volume 4, p. 438)

7. Is it possible for fasting women to inject medications into the genitals?

The introduction of drugs of any kind into the internal part of the female genital organs breaks the fast. (Fatawa Hindi. – Ed. Turas. – Volume 1, p. 204)

And Allah knows best.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi answers questions regarding Eid al-Adha

Cheers in questions and answers

Is it permissible to use perfume during fasting?

The use of perfume is permitted during fasting. None of the jurists prohibits the use of perfume in the month of Ramadan and does not say that this breaks the fast.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section on “About fasting”
Translated by: Y. Rasulov

A lot of people forget about fasting at the beginning of the month of Ramadan. Someone drinks a glass of water, another lights a cigar or starts eating something. He remembers that he fasts after he has already eaten or drunk something. Is he allowed to continue fasting or has the fast already been broken?

Answer: In the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) it is said: “Whoever, while fasting, forgetfully tastes food or drink, then let him continue fasting. Indeed, it was only Allah who fed and watered him” (narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim). Another reliable version of the hadith says: “….this is just food that Allah has given him, there is no obligation on him to compensate for the fast” (narrated by Ad-Darakutni). And in another also reliable version it is said this: “Whoever, out of forgetfulness, ate food during fasting in Ramadan, then he does not have the obligation to compensate for the fast or atone for it (with alms)” (narrated by Ad-Darakutni, Al-Hakim)

These hadiths clearly indicate that forgetful consumption of food and drink does not break the fast. This is consistent with the words of the Almighty: “Our Lord! You have mercy on us if we forget or make a mistake” (2:286). Authentic hadiths say that Allah answered this prayer. Also in an authentic hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) it is said: “Truly, Allah has forgiven this Ummah for mistakes, forgetfulness and actions committed under duress.”

A fasting person who forgets to take food or drink must continue his fast. He should not stop fasting.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulo V

Is it possible for someone to fast who does not pray 5 times a day?

A Muslim is obliged to perform worship in its full form: perform 5 prayers a day, pay zakat (an annual tax levied on the rich segments of the population - Transl.), fast, and perform pilgrimage (Hajj) when he finds an opportunity for this.

Anyone who does not comply with any of these instructions without justifiable reason is a sinner before God. Islamic jurists make different assessments regarding him. Some believe that a Muslim who does not comply with any of these prescriptions is an “infidel” (“kafir”), others consider a “kafir” only one who does not observe prayer and does not pay zakat; from the point of view of the third, only the one who does not observe prayer is a kafir, since it occupies a special place before God and in the hadith of the prophet (peace be upon him) it is said: “Between a person and unbelief lies the abandonment of prayer” (narrated by Muslim).

Jurists who claim that a Muslim is an “infidel” if he does not pray do not believe that his fast will be accepted by the Almighty, since the service and worship of an “infidel” is not accepted by God.

Some jurists believe that such a Muslim retains his faith and his affiliation with Islam if he believes in Allah, his messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his revelation (the Qur'an), without questioning or denying it. This group of jurists calls such Muslims those “who have deviated from the commandment of their Lord.” Perhaps this last assessment (Allah knows best) is the most correct of all the points of view of jurists.

Thus, a person who, due to his laziness or other moods, shows omissions and negligence in fulfilling some instructions, but observes other instructions, is a person with weak faith, professing inferior Islam. His faith is threatened if he continually deviates from the rules.

But Allah Almighty will not leave without reward the one who has done good deeds. He will receive full reward according to his deeds. “And everything they do is entered in their books, where a record of all - both small and great deeds” (54:52), “And the one who has done good the size of a speck of dust will see it! And he who created evil the size of a speck of dust will see it” (99:7-8).

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,

Translation: Y. Rasulov

Does rinsing the mouth and nose during ablution break the fast? Is the fast broken if I accidentally swallow water while rinsing my mouth or nose?

Rinsing the mouth and nose is either a sunnah (a desirable course of action. - Transl.), according to the opinion of three luminaries of law: Abu Hanifa, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, or an order (fard), according to the opinion of Ahmad Hanbal, who considered it an integral part of washing the face . But regardless of whether rinsing your mouth and nose is desirable or prescribed, leaving it on is not required during fasting.

A Muslim who is fasting should not swallow water deeply while rinsing his mouth and nose, as he does during normal times. The hadith says: “When you rinse your nose, then swallow it deeply (swallow water), unless you are fasting” (narrated by Al-Shafi’i).

If a fasting person, while rinsing his mouth or nose during ablution, involuntarily, unintentionally (without showing waste) swallowed water, then his fast is not broken. This is equivalent to swallowing road dust, or the dust of sifted flour, or an insect that has flown into the mouth, since all these are among the forgivable “mistakes” (despite the fact that some jurists do not think so).

It should be noted that rinsing the mouth outside of wudu also does not break the fast, unless water has entered the stomach.

Allah knows best!

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Do kisses and caresses between spouses break the fast?

Kissing during fasting is allowed for those who control their feelings. An authentic hadith (from Aisha) says: “The Prophet (peace be upon him) kissed (his wives) while fasting, and caressed (them) while fasting. He had the best control over his (sensual) desires.”

Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: “One day, while I was fasting, I kissed my wife. I came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and told him: “I committed a great sin: I kissed my wife while fasting.” The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked me: “How do you look at the fact that if you, while fasting, rinsed your mouth ? I replied, “There’s nothing wrong with that.” He (peace be upon him) said: “Then what is this question for?”

Ibn Al-Mundhir said: kissing (during fasting) was permitted by: Umar, Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurayrah, Aisha, Atta, Al-Shaabi, Al-Hasan, Ahmad, Ishaq.

According to the schools of Al-Hanafi and Al-Shafi'i, kissing during fasting is undesirable only for those people in whom it arouses sensual desires. Although, nevertheless, abstaining from kissing during fasting is in any case better.

Thus, the starting point from which to start in this matter is the excitement and danger of ejaculation of seminal fluid that arises from kissing. And here there is no difference between older and younger people. That is, kissing is undesirable during fasting for any person, regardless of his age, if as a result of it he has sensual desires. Accordingly, if kisses do not cause excitement in a person, whether he is old or young, then there is no “undesirability” in them.

There is no difference between kisses on the cheek, lips or other places. The caresses of spouses in this matter are equivalent to kisses.

Source: Sayyid Sabik, Fiqh-us-Sunnah
Translated by Y. Rasulov

During fasting, is a patient allowed to put suppositories (candles) for hemorrhoids, an enema, and drop medicine into the ear?

Everyone knows the simple meaning of fasting: abstaining from food, drink and intercourse. The Koran indicates this. Also, everyone knows what meaning these forbidden moments carry. It was also understood by simple Bedouins in the era of the Prophet, who did not need logical interpretations to understand the meaning of “food” and “drink.” Everyone also knows the main meaning of fasting - it is a manifestation of humility, worship of God by abstaining from bodily lusts in order to achieve His pleasure. As it is said in the “sacred” hadith: “Everything a person does is for himself, except fasting: it is (dedicated) to Me and I will repay for it. Man leaves his food, drink and lusts for My sake” (narrated by Al-Bukhari).

In this sense, neither the use of all types of injections, nor the use of suppositories, etc. is not the consumption of food or drink, either from the point of view of language or from the point of view of custom, and does not contradict the meaning of fasting established by Shariah. Therefore, all this does not break the fast. In this matter, in which Allah has not created hardships for us, we should not be excessively strict. In the verse regarding fasting, the Almighty says: “Allah wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you” (2:185).

Ibn Hazm writes: “The fast is not broken by: an enema, medicine administered into the nose, liquid medicine dripped into the ear, nose or urethra, rinsing the nose (and even if the water has reached the pharynx), rinsing the mouth (and even if the water has involuntarily entered inside the pharynx), the use of eye powder (antimony) of any composition and even if it has penetrated to the throat (whether during the day or at night), flour or any other dust (henna, flower), an insect that accidentally flew into the mouth...".

Ibn Hazm, arguing his opinion, writes: “Allah prohibits us during fasting only from eating and drinking, intercourse, deliberately inducing vomiting and committing sins. It is absolutely known that the consumption of food and drink does not occur through the anus or urethra, through the ear, eye or nose, through a wound to the stomach or head (that is, the penetration of medicine into the stomach or blood through a wound. - Transl.). There is no prohibition for us to put into the stomach (except food and drink) what is not prohibited to be put into it.”

Shaykh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyya, regarding the use of eye powder, enema, liquid medicine for the urethra, and the penetration of medicine into the stomach through a wound, writes the following: “The most correct point of view is that all these things do not break the fast, since knowledge about Fasting, as a component of religion, should be known to all people. If all these things were among the things prohibited by Allah and his Messenger and would violate the fast, then the Prophet (peace be upon him) should have explained this. But if the Prophet (peace be upon him) had given any instructions on this matter, then his companions would have known about it and would have brought this information to the Muslim mind, just as they brought the rest of the Sharia to it. And since none of the “people of knowledge” conveyed any hadith (whether reliable or weak) from the Prophet (peace be upon him) on this matter, it becomes clear that there is no indication on this matter. Allah knows best."

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Where do you need to pay zakat al-fitr (alms tax): where you fasted or where you celebrated the holiday of the end of the month of Ramadan?

A Muslim pays zakat-al-fitr in the city (country) in which he met the eve of the holiday (the first night of the month of Shawwal), since the basis of this tax-alms is not fasting, but the “breaking of the fast”, “the end of the fast” (“fitr”) "). That is why it is linked to breaking the fast and is called “zakat al-fitr” (literally translated it sounds like “tax of breaking the fast.” - Transl.)

If a person dies before sunset last day month of Ramadan, then it is not necessary to pay zakat al-fit for him, even if he fasted all the days of Ramadan. If a newborn was born after sunset on the last day of Ramadan (i.e. on the first night of the month of Shawwal), then zakat al-fitr must be paid for him, according to the consensus of jurists. Thus, this alms tax is linked with the holiday, with general joy, which should also extend to the poor and the poor. Therefore, regarding the latter, the hadith says: “Enrich them on this day!”

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, "Modern Fatwas"
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Is the fast of a person who, while fasting, lies, judges people behind their eyes, and looks with lust at other people’s women, is broken?

A useful and fulfilling fast is a fast that improves a person, fosters a desire to do good and gives rise to piety mentioned in the Koran: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those who came before you, so that you may attain piety.” (2:183).

A fasting person must refrain from words and deeds that are incompatible with the spirit of fasting. Otherwise, the meaning of his fast will be reduced to empty fasting, thirst and prohibitions. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “How many are fasting, receiving only hunger from fasting, and how many are standing (at prayer nights), receiving only wakefulness from standing” (narrated by Al-Hakim: an authentic hadith, according to the conditions of Al-Bukhari). Also, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Whoever does not leave a lie and the deeds arising from it, then Allah does not need him to abstain from food and drink” (narrated by Al-Bukhari).

Ibn Hazm believes that sins break the fast in the same way that intentional eating breaks it. Some of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and their contemporaries have statements that allow such a conclusion to be drawn.

We, although we do not adhere to the opinion of Ibn Hazm, believe that sins destroy the good consequences of fasting, violate the purpose of its purpose. That is why the first generations of the Islamic ummah paid attention to refraining from idle talk and the forbidden, as well as refraining from eating and drinking. Umar Al-Khattab, the closest companion of the Prophet (peace be upon him), said: “Abstinence (fasting) is not only from food and drink, but also from lies, nonsense and idle talk.” Ali, the Prophet's cousin and fourth caliph, belongs to next statement: “If you fast, then let your hearing, sight and tongue “fast” from lies and sinfulness. Don't cause trouble to the servants. Be filled with dignity and peace during the days of your fast. And do not make your ordinary day and your fast day equal.” Maimun ibn Makhran said: "The easiest way to fast is to abstain from eating."

In any case, just as fasting has its consequences and reward, so lying will receive its reward before God. “Before Him, everything (that exists) is in measure” (Sura “Thunder”, verse 8). And every action will be evaluated and weighed. “My Lord (never) makes mistakes and (nothing) forgets.” (Surah Ta-ha, verse 52)

Reflect on the following hadith about the accuracy of divine calculation on the Day of Judgment, and you may find the complete answer to your question.

One of the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), coming to him, asked: “O Messenger of Allah, I have slaves. They deceive me and disobey me, and for this I scold and beat them. What awaits me (on the Day of Judgment) for them? The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied: “Their deceit, lies, disobedience towards you and your punishment towards them will be counted. And if your punishment turns out to be lower than their sins, then this difference is in your favor. If your punishment turns out to be in proportion to their sins, then it is neither in your favor nor against you. But if your punishment was greater than their sins, then you will be punished for them within the remaining difference.” After these words, the companion began to cry bitterly. And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Why don’t you read the book of Allah? “On the Day of Resurrection We will establish the correct scales, and not a single soul will be offended in any way, and if any (of its deeds) weighs even the weight of a maid’s grain, then We will put it on the weight, and We are sufficient for carrying out the calculation” (Sura “Prophets”, verse 47). Then the companion exclaimed: “O Messenger of Allah, I see no better way than to part with them (slaves). I call you to witness - they are all free!” (Reported by Imam Ahmad and At-Termezi from Aisha).

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Is it allowed to give injections during fasting?

Injections are divided into several types. We can say unequivocally that any injections used for treatment, be they intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous, do not break the fast. There is no disagreement here.

As for nutritional injections, for example, glucose injections, through which nutrients immediately enter the blood, modern scientists disagree about them. This issue is not covered either by the Prophet (peace be upon him), or by his companions and their contemporaries, since such methods of treatment were not used in their time. That is why there is disagreement here.

One part of scientists believes that nutritional injections break fasting, since nutrition enters directly into a person’s blood. According to other scientists, these injections do not break the fast. From their point of view, fasting cannot be broken, since nutrients enter the blood and not the stomach. That is, fasting is broken when a person takes something that penetrates the stomach and that after which the person feels the satisfaction of hunger and thirst. After all, the essence of fasting comes down to the fact that a person deprives himself of gastric and sexual needs. That is, a person feels a feeling of hunger and thirst. Because of this, they believe that nutritional injections do not break the fast.

Although I am inclined to the latter point of view, I still believe that, as a precaution, it is better to refuse nutritional injections during the daytime of Ramadan. For those wishing to make such injections, there is quite a sufficient amount of time, starting from sunset.

If a person is sick, then Allah has given him the right to abstain from fasting. After all, these injections (even if they really do not nourish to the same extent as the natural food and drink consumed by a person, and the person does not feel satisfied with hunger and thirst) at least bring revitalization to the human body. A person does not feel the fatigue that a fasting person usually experiences. But a person’s feeling of hunger and thirst is one of the goals of this fast. Thus, a person learns the magnitude of Allah’s mercy towards himself. And thus he feels the state of the hungry, unhappy and poor part of humanity.

I am afraid that the wealthy part of society will get rid of these sensations and the hardships of fasting through such injections. Therefore, it would be preferable to postpone this matter until the evening, after breaking the fast.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Sunset al-fitr

Why should the alms tax (zakat al-fitr) (which must be paid after the end of the month of Ramadan) be paid in bulk? Does the size of zakat al-fitr change? Can it be paid in cash?

The size of zakat al-fitr does not change, since it is established by Shariah and is equal to 1 saa (a measure of dry solids). The size of saa in granular bodies was determined by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the meaning of this establishment, in my opinion, comes down to two things:

1. Money exchange was rare among the Arabs, especially among the nomadic Arabs and Bedouins. If the latter were ordered to pay a tax of a dinar or a dirham, they would not be able to comply. They owned only common natural products (dates, barley, raisins, etc.) that the Arabs consumed at that time. Because of this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded that zakat al-fitr be paid in bulk.

2. The purchasing value of a monetary unit changes depending on time. Sometimes the exchange rate of the real falls and its purchasing value decreases noticeably. And sometimes on foreign exchange funds the purchasing value of the real rises. This makes the establishment of zakat al-fitr in the monetary unit dependent on the rise and fall of the currency, not stable. Because of this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) defines zakat al-fitr in a size that does not undergo changes or fluctuations - it is saa. Saa, in most cases, provides the daily ration of an entire family.

The Prophet (peace be upon him) established loose bodies for payment of zakat al-fitr, which were widely used in his time. But their list is not rigid and strictly defined. Therefore, jurists believe that it is permissible to pay zakat al-fitr in those bulk solids that are widely circulated in a certain area, be it wheat, rice or corn, etc. The size of the sah is approximately 2 kg.

Sa'a is allowed to be paid in monetary terms, according to the school of Abu Hanifa. If a person has the opportunity, it is preferable to pay an amount greater than the cost of the saa, since food on these holidays is not limited to, for example, only rice. You need meat, broth, herbs, fruits, etc.

Allah knows best!

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Can I use toothpaste during fasting?

When using toothpaste, care must be taken not to swallow the toothpaste. According to most scientists, if the paste gets inside the body, fasting is broken. Therefore, it is better to postpone using toothpaste until the evening.

However, if a fasting person, while brushing his teeth and being careful, nevertheless accidentally swallows toothpaste, then his fast is not broken. Allah Almighty says in the Koran: “...There will be no sin on you if you make a mistake, and the sin is only in what your heart plans - Allah is Forgiving, Merciful!” (Surah “Allies”, verse 5).

And the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “My community is forgiven for mistakes, forgetfulness and actions committed under duress.”

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Is it permissible for a fasting person to watch TV?

Television is a medium through which both positive and negative results can be achieved. Such means are always evaluated in accordance with their goals and intentions. Television, like radio or the press, contains both the beautiful and the indecent.

A Muslim should benefit from the beautiful and shun the indecent at all times and regardless of fasting. Of course, when fasting, a Muslim must be more careful so as not to spoil the spiritual benefits of fasting and not to lose God's reward.

I cannot say that watching television is absolutely permitted or absolutely prohibited. It all depends on what you watch. If it is useful, such as religious programs, news or programs that focus on the positive, etc., then, naturally, it is allowed. And if it’s bad, then you’re not allowed to watch it at any time, especially during Ramadan.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

What is suhoor?

Suhur is the time before the first glimmer of dawn, when Muslims can eat for the last time before fasting.

Sheikh Y. Al-Qaradawi was asked whether suhoor, that is, eating during this period of time, is an indispensable condition for fasting?

Here is what Yu. Al-Qaradawi replied:

Suhoor is not a condition of fasting. This is only the “sunna” (“desirable course of action”), which the Prophet observed and commanded to observe it: “Take food before dawn, because, verily, in suhoor there is grace.”

That is, observing Suhoor is included in the category of “Sunnah”. It is also advisable (sunnah) to delay the time of eating until the end during Suhoor, as this shortens the period of hunger and thirst, strengthens the fasting person and reduces the hardships of fasting. Islam, in its essence, consists of reliefs that stimulate a person to worship. Accelerating the time of breaking the fast and delaying suhoor are manifestations of these reliefs.

Thus, for a fasting person, according to the sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him), it is advisable to take food before dawn, even a very modest one - at least a date or a sip of water.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Is it possible for a pregnant woman or a wet nurse to refrain from fasting?

Is it permissible for a pregnant woman to abstain from fasting if she is afraid for the child in her womb who may die? And what other duty does she have instead of fasting, if she has the right not to fast?

Answer: Yes, a pregnant woman is allowed to abstain from fasting if she fears for the life of the fetus in her womb. Moreover, if a Muslim doctor, who should be an enlightened specialist and a religious person, confirms these fears, she is obliged to abstain from fasting in order to preserve the life of the fetus. Allah Almighty says: “...Do not kill your children...” (6:151).

The life of this fetus has the right of inviolability, and no one, neither man nor woman, has the right to encroach on it and cause the fetus to die. God never wants to put people in difficult situations. In the verse of the Koran: “...for those who can fast (with difficulty), a ransom is appointed - to feed the poor..” (2:184), we are also talking (as transmitted from the companion of the Prophet Ibn Abbas) about a pregnant woman and a wet nurse .

If a wet nurse or pregnant woman fears for her own health, then, according to most jurists, they can abstain from fasting and will have to make up the missed days of fasting at another time. In this situation, they are equivalent to a sick person.

If a pregnant woman or a wet nurse fears for the health of the fetus or infant, then they also abstain from fasting. But here the jurists already disagree about the consequences: what responsibility lies on them after this? One group of scholars believes that they are obliged to make up for the missed days of fasting, another group believes that they are only obliged to feed the poor for each missed day without making up for the fast, and finally, from the point of view of the third group of jurists, they must make up for the missed days and along with this, feed the poor.

I believe that in this situation, a woman has the right not to make up for missed days, but only to feed the poor for each missed day of fasting. The period of pregnancy and lactation follows one another for a woman, and she does not find any way to make up for the missed days of fasting. One year she is pregnant, the second year she becomes a wet nurse, the next year she is pregnant again...

Thus, the period of pregnancy and lactation replace each other, and the woman does not find the time, strength, or opportunity to compensate for the fast. If we charge her with the obligation to make up for all the missed days of fasting during pregnancy or lactation, then this means that she is obliged to fast continuously for several years. And this is difficult. Allah does not want to make life difficult for His creations.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Are the elderly and the chronically ill allowed to abstain from fasting? If so, do they have any other responsibility after that?

An elderly man or woman who is very exhausted by fasting is allowed to abstain from fasting in the month of Ramadan. It is also permitted for a chronically ill person to abstain from fasting if doctors testify that the disease is chronic or incurable.

If they do not fast, they need to feed one poor person for each day of fasting they miss. This is permission and relief from the Lord. The Almighty says: “God wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you” (2:185), “In religion He has not placed any hardship on you” (22:78).

The companion of the Prophet Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “An elderly man abstains from fasting, feeds the poor for every day, and does not fast for the missed days” (narrated by Ad-Darakutniy and Al-Hakim).

Al-Bukhari reports something similar: the following verse of the Koran was revealed regarding the aged elders: “For those who can fast (with difficulty), a ransom has been appointed - to feed the poor. But whoever, of his own free will, adds something good to this, will receive it for his future.” That is, whoever feeds more poor people than required, it is better for him in the sight of Allah.

Thus, elderly men and women and chronically ill people have the right to abstain from fasting, after which they are required to pay alms for each day missed to the benefit of the poor.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Is there a Sharia age for children to fast?

The hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “The pen is raised in relation to three (i.e. their deeds are not recorded - Translation.): to a child until he reaches adulthood, to a sleeping person until he wakes up, and to a crazy person until he recovers.” (reliable hadith, reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, An-Nisai, Ibn Majah, Al-Hakim).

“The feather is raised” means no responsibility, duty (takleef), that is, they do not bear any responsibility, duty. But at the same time, Islam, a religion that takes into account human nature, teaches children from an early age to perform divine services. The hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) says: “Command your children to pray from the age of 7, and punish them (for failure to fulfill it) from the age of 10” (narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Al-Hakim).

Fasting is also worship and a religious injunction along with prayer. And it is necessary to teach children to fast. But from what age? Not necessarily - from 7 years old. After all, fasting is more difficult than prayer. Therefore, this matter completely depends on the capabilities and strengths of the child. If a parent or guardian sees that the child is able to physically endure fasting, at least on certain days in each month, let him accustom him to this. Let him teach him to fast every year: the first year - 3 days, the second year - a week, the third - 2 weeks, the next - a month. When he comes of age (the age of responsibility), fasting will not become painful for him, since he was accustomed to the practice of fasting in advance.

Thus, Islamic education means that a child from an early age is taught the etiquette of Islam and the fulfillment of its instructions. Parents and guardians should accustom children to prayer starting from the age of 7, punish them for failure to do so from the age of 10, and accustom them to fasting from the age when they are able to fast.

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

Do wet dreams and bathing break the fast?

If during the daytime of the month of Ramadan, while sleeping, I had a wet dream (involuntary ejaculation of seminal fluid), after which I took a “bath,” is my fast broken?

As I understand it, people ask me about wet dreams: do they break the fast or not? For some people this issue is indeed still difficult. I answer: wet dreams do not break fasting, since they occur in a person involuntarily, unintentionally. Bathing, of course, also does not break the fast, since it is a purification prescribed for a Muslim by Sharia, and even if water gets into the ears during bathing.

The fast is also not broken if a person accidentally swallows water while performing ablution or bathing, since all this is included in the number of forgivable mistakes and oversights. Allah Almighty says: “...There will be no sin on you if you make a mistake, and the sin is only in what your heart plans - Allah is forgiving and merciful!” (Surah “Allies”, verse 5). And the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “My community is forgiven for mistakes, forgetting and actions committed under duress” (reliable hadith, reported by at-Tabrani from ibn Umar).

Yusuf Al-Qaradawi,
“Modern fatwas”, section “About fasting”
Translation: Y. Rasulov

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