home Heating

Installing a chimney on a gas boiler is the order of work. Chimney device for a gas boiler: a professional approach. Chimney: principles for choosing materials

When installing gas boilers, it is necessary to strictly observe the norms. Also, strictly according to the standards, it is necessary to mount a chimney for a gas boiler. Although the temperature of the flue gases is low and has no color, it will cause no less harm, but more - because leaks are poorly detected. Therefore, you must immediately do everything diligently, paying special attention to the tightness of the joints.

Requirements for chimneys for gas boilers

All requirements for smoke channels are prescribed in regulatory documents - SNiP 2.04.05-91 and DBN V.2.5-20-2001. Their implementation is mandatory. To summarize, everything can be reduced to several points:

These are the basic requirements. It is imperative to fulfill them. They provide the required degree of security. After all, the fact that the exhaust of a gas boiler has no color does not mean that it is harmless. Therefore, all aspects of security must be given maximum attention.

Boiler designs and chimney construction methods

There are two types of burners for gas boilers:

It is clear that the choice of the type of chimney primarily depends on the type of combustion chamber. In one case, it should be a coaxial pipe, in the other, a regular one. But besides this, there are many more nuances in terms of design.

What material

A chimney for a gas boiler in a private house can be made from different materials. The main requirement is resistance to chemically aggressive substances, inability to pass gases. Traditionally, several materials are used. Let's talk about the advantages and disadvantages, the features of the assembly of each of them in more detail.

brick chimney

Today it is no longer the most popular type of chimney. It turns out to be heavy, at high altitude it requires a foundation. In addition, laying a brick chimney takes a lot of time.

However, this type of chimney has a number of negative qualities. The first one is in its inner walls are not smooth, which contributes to the accumulation of soot, impairs traction. The second is to brick is hygroscopic. Therefore, the condensate flowing down the walls is absorbed, which contributes to rapid destruction.

To solve these problems, a smooth pipe of suitable diameter is inserted inside the brick chimney. Usually it is a pipe made of stainless steel or asbestos. When building such a combined chimney, attention should be paid to the following things:

The joints of the liner pipe must be sealed. If these are ordinary or stainless steel sandwich pipes, everything happens as standard - we collect the chimney through condensate. If the liner is made of asbestos-cement pipes, you will have to take care of the tightness of the joints. And to cover the joint with cement is not an option. Such a connection is in no way airtight - condensate will be absorbed. You will have to come up with airtight clamps, use hydrophobic (water-repellent) compounds. Moreover, they must also be chemically resistant. As an option, lubrication of the joints with heat-resistant sealants with an operating temperature of about 200 ° C can be considered.
In order for condensate to form as little as possible, it is better to insulate pipes (even inside a brick casing). To do this, it is desirable to use a heater that is not afraid of getting wet.
At the bottom, a condensate collector must be attached to the liner pipe. Access to it should be free.

If you make a chimney for a gas boiler according to these rules, then even with abundant condensate release, it will be easy to deal with it.

Stainless steel - single wall pipes and sandwich

Modern gas boilers are designed so that the temperature of the flue gases at the outlet is not very high. This is why condensation always forms. With good traction, most of it flies into the pipe, with good insulation, the rest evaporates. So it turns out that liquid is not always present in the condensate collector. But the condensate itself is formed during the operation of the gas boiler all the time. Sometimes more, sometimes less. In this regard, the requirements for stainless steel for the chimney are high: it must withstand prolonged contact with caustic substances. These requirements are met mainly by food grade stainless steel. Yes, it costs a lot, but only it will serve for years.

Now about how to make a chimney for a gas boiler from a single-wall pipe or from sandwich pipes. In order for condensation to form in minimal quantities, it is desirable that the chimney does not cool down. That is, it must be insulated. And although the sandwich chimney has a gasket made of insulation, with an external gasket (on the street) it is also better to insulate it - it will last longer, traction will be better. But in this embodiment, less insulation is required - one layer, while an ordinary pipe may have to be wrapped in two or even three layers. So the cost of arranging a chimney from a single-wall stainless pipe and sandwiches will be comparable. Just in the first case, you will have to use a larger amount of insulation, in the second, less.

If we talk about reliability, then sandwich chimneys are more reliable, if only because they consist of two layers of metal. By the way, if you insulate the chimney, the outer pipes can be made of galvanized steel - they do not come into contact with condensate, the temperatures are low, and the appearance is unimportant, since everything will be wrapped with insulation.

Ceramic chimneys

Ceramic chimneys are good for everyone: they are durable, reliable, well tolerate contact with aggressive substances. But they have two significant drawbacks. First, they are expensive. The second one is heavy, so when installing a high chimney, they require a foundation. And this is an additional cost to the already considerable amount. But the life of such a chimney is calculated in decades.

Asbestos-cement pipes

Once it was the most popular type of material in the construction of chimneys for a gas boiler in a private house. The material, of course, is porous, has rough walls, and its cross section is not ideal (not round, but rather oval). But this is probably the cheapest option.

When using asbestos-cement pipes for the chimney of a gas boiler, it is necessary:

Make it as straight as possible, trying to make the joints even.
Sealing joints. As already mentioned, just covering it with cement is not an option. A sealed connection is required. Several solutions to the problem are the use of hydrophobic additives in the mortar, coating the dried cement mortar with sealant, and the use of airtight clamps.
To reduce the amount of condensate, make the pipe high and insulate well.

In general, nothing new, all the same rules as for the materials described above, but the hassle with joints is added. So as a result, the price of a chimney made of asbestos pipes is almost the same as that of stainless steel.

For boilers with an open combustion chamber

For gas boilers with an atmospheric burner, a smoke channel is required that provides good traction - the removal of combustion products occurs due to the movement of air through the pipe. Therefore, it is made as straight as possible, preferably with smooth walls. There are two versions:

Which option is better? An external chimney is easier to implement - with a conclusion through the wall. It is only important to pass through the wall correctly (observe the fire gap if the walls are combustible). But this option requires good insulation, high-quality fastening to the walls. And even under such conditions, there is usually a lot of condensate. Therefore, the installation of a tee and a condensate collector at the outlet is mandatory.

In the case of the exit of the chimney through the roof, there are at least two difficult moments - the passage through the floor of the first floor and through the roof. In these places, special passage nodes are installed. They provide an adequate degree of fire safety.

Features of the assembly of metal pipes

If they use sandwich pipes or single-walled metal pipes, then the external chimney for a gas boiler is assembled “by condensate”. That is, inserting the top tube inside the bottom one. This is possible due to the presence of a corrugated edge on one side.

When assembling the chimney inside the building, the structure is assembled “by smoke”. In this case, it is more important that gases do not enter the room. Therefore, the pipes are unfolded so that the upper element is put on the already installed one.

There is a third option - to assemble two circuits in different ways: the outer one for smoke, the inner one for condensate. For such an assembly, it is imperative to use sandwiches, since only they have two circuits. This is the best option, as the protection is complete, but the assembly is difficult.

Chimneys in the mine (box)

So that communications do not spoil the interior, they are often “packed” into a shaft - a specially built box. Inside there are, as a rule, a chimney (or chimneys, if there are several devices), ventilation ducts, there may be water supply, heating, and sewage risers. In any case, it is better to close the chimney pipe with thermal insulation. If the heater can still not be used in a heated room, then in the attic (especially if it is cold), insulation should be mandatory. Use basalt wool with a temperature regime of operation of at least 300 ° C.

Insulation will positively affect the temperature inside the chimneys, which will increase traction and reduce the amount of condensate. But do not forget that we are talking about gas boilers, and they have a low temperature of combustion products.

For closed combustion chambers

A coaxial chimney looks like a pipe in a pipe. The design is delivered ready, assembled quickly and without problems. You only need to know the diameter of the outlet pipe and the parameters - height, length.

The coaxial chimney device is the simplest. The pipe rises above the boiler and turns 90°. From it to the ceiling should be at least 20 cm. Further, it is carried out through a hole in the wall, from the outside it should end at least 30 cm from the wall.

Coaxial chimney device for a gas boiler - distances and norms

The height relative to ground level is also normalized - the pipe outlet must be at least 20 cm above the ground, and the distance to the nearest wall - from the end of the pipe to the wall must be at least 60 cm.

07.01.2017
3040
Pechnik (Moscow)

In order for the boiler installed in a private house to function correctly and serve you for decades, we suggest that you install a chimney for a gas boiler yourself.

You can learn how to make a chimney for a new boiler and convert an old one from this article.

Chimney classification

Classification	Description
brick chimney	It tolerates temperature extremes and is distinguished by its durability.
Ceramic chimney	It has the smoothest and most even finish. Such a chimney is easy to clean and eliminate traces of soot and soot.
	Durable and reliable. Allows you to achieve the highest possible tightness.
Chimney coaxial type	It is easy to install and installs horizontally unlike previous options.

brick chimneys

Brick chimneys for gas boilers have several advantages:

Affordable cost of the chimney, due to the use of cheap building materials;
Durability and reliability;
Quick installation.

However, despite all its advantages, making such a chimney is very difficult. Since the brick is heavy and the pipe itself is quite heavy, which to a certain extent complicates its installation.

Tip: if you want such a chimney pipe to last for a long time, choose only ceramic bricks for its assembly

In order to lay out the top row, which is located above the roof, you can choose a cheaper brick.

Installation of chimneys for gas boilers made of brick must be carried out according to a certain scheme. The thickness of the chimney must be at least one brick, so you can achieve maximum reliability and complete tightness of the structure.

If you need to insert a tin box into the inside of the chimney, the cross section of the channel should be no less than 20 by 20 centimeters.

Important: if you want the chimney to serve you as long as possible, install it exclusively from the inside of the house.

The scheme for the chimney of a brick gas boiler should be developed individually, based on the characteristics of your home, and the place in which the boiler itself is installed.

Ceramic chimney

Chimneys for a gas boiler in a private house made of ceramic pipes are a more expensive option. Installation of such a chimney is carried out as soon as possible. The main advantage of ceramic pipes is their durability and low percentage of wear, even with daily and regular heating of the boiler.

The design of the chimney for a gas boiler made of ceramic pipes makes the surface as smooth as possible, which makes cleaning, removing soot and soot very simple. Depending on the type of ceramic pipe chosen, it may have a special condensate drain.

In order to make a ceramic chimney, it is necessary to assemble it from parts of various sizes, the length of which can be from 500 centimeters to 1 meter.

Varieties of ceramic pipes:

Round. Installed in special concrete blocks;
Rectangular. Installed in brickwork;
Ceramic pipes with an internal metal layer;
Ceramic blocks with a sleeve.

The correct chimney for a gas boiler, assembled from ceramic pipes, is fixed to reinforced concrete blocks. Such blocks have good strength, and are additionally insulated and sealed, which gives the chimney special refractory properties.

A chimney for gas boilers made of ceramic pipes can consist of several sections, the length of which can be up to one meter. For the installation of ceramic sleeves, there is no need to prepare the foundation. Such blocks, for installing a chimney, you only need to pick up the length, assemble and fix them together.

Coaxial chimneys

If you want to install a horizontal chimney for a gas boiler, then this option is exactly what you need. Such a chimney can be installed anywhere, and the smoke itself and other combustion products are removed not through the roof, but through the wall.

The scheme of the gas chimney for a coaxial boiler makes it possible to install the structure according to the type of one pipe with the smallest diameter, in another pipe. This option for installing and fixing fittings makes the pipe as tight as possible.

Important: when choosing a coaxial chimney, you should consider its one big minus in advance. In the cold season, the air that enters the burner becomes cold at the outlet.

Coaxial chimneys for a gas boiler, as a result of sudden temperature changes, begin to produce the so-called condensate, which can subsequently freeze and close the main outlet, preventing smoke from escaping.

Do-it-yourself chimney for a gas boiler is coaxial, it can have various functions, including automatic shutdown, which makes it not only very easy to use, but also safe in the event of a malfunction or emergency.

Tip: in order for such a chimney to work without interruption, it is recommended to install several pipes at once instead of one pipe.

The manufacture of stainless steel chimneys for gas boilers is a very lengthy and difficult process that requires:

Availability of a special tool ( welding machine, metal cutting device);
time;
Careful selection of metal sheets and fittings;
Special drawing or detailed diagram for installation and assembly.

You can make a chimney for a stainless steel gas boiler with your own hands, both vertical and horizontal.

Tip: for more productive and streamlined work, we recommend installing a vertical chimney. Due to this design, the smoke will be removed quickly. The disadvantages of vertical chimneys include the likelihood of various contaminants and precipitation getting inside the structure. To prevent this from happening, you need to install a special protective cap on the chimney.

Attached chimney for a gas boiler made of stainless steel, characterized by simple installation with a minimum of installation. Such a chimney can be installed at any stage of work.

The disadvantages of stainless steel chimneys include:

Low service life, in relation to ceramic and brick chimneys;
High price.

Advantages of stainless steel chimneys:

Obtaining the most lightweight design;
Minimum installation time;
Possibility of mounting directly on the wall;
A smooth inner layer does not allow soot and soot to clog into the cracks, which greatly facilitates the care of such a chimney;
All structural elements, if necessary, can be easily replaced with new ones by simply dismantling the structure.

A do-it-yourself chimney for a gas boiler made of stainless steel can be either single-walled or double-walled.

Tip: in order to insulate the chimney, use double pipes during installation, between which there is already a heater.

Stainless steel pipes are great if the house does not have special taps. Such a chimney can be mounted on any wall. The length of the chimney for a gas boiler depends on the characteristics of the house and the size of the heating boiler. In order for the chimney to interact with the boiler, it is necessary to securely connect the pipe to the heater.

We select a chimney

Before installing a chimney, you must first familiarize yourself with all the features, advantages and disadvantages of each type.

Flexible chimney for a gas boiler, allows you to make a completely universal pipe that can be installed anywhere and have several horizontal and vertical sections. The advantages of flexible pipes include their durability, versatility and ease of installation. As a rule, flexible pipes can be bought and selected not only in size and diameter, but also already in a warmed state.

A chimney for a turbocharged gas boiler is recommended to be made of ceramic pipes or bricks.

When choosing a material for a chimney, the following features must be considered:

The temperature of the smoke coming out of the chimney;
Thrust classification and the required pressure level during boiler operation;
The number of channels that are needed in order to drain condensate;
Requirements that must be exactly met when furnishing a home with furniture and other decor and interior items.

Tip: when choosing the material and type of chimney, it is necessary to take into account not only the above recommendations and requirements, but also the features of the selected model, established by the manufacturer, as well as the type and size of the main section of the pipes.

You can learn more about the classification and types of chimneys for gas boilers from a photo located in this article.

The cross section of the chimney for a gas boiler can be very different. When choosing fittings, it is necessary to accurately know the cross section, as this is the main criterion for ensuring maximum tightness and proper installation.

When choosing a chimney, consider the features of your home. For example, in small panel houses or in frame rooms, the installation of brick chimneys is highly discouraged. Buildings and houses made of lightweight materials require the installation of the same chimney. For them, choose stainless steel or coaxial chimneys.

Snip chimneys for gas boilers allow you to install a design that fully complies with all the most stringent requirements, norms and standards for quality and safety.

If you do not know what to make a chimney for a gas boiler from, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the most important requirements:

Full tightness of each joint and seam;
Installed and properly functioning traction;
The discharge channel must be installed strictly in a vertical position;
If it is impossible to install the outlet channel in a vertical position, its angle of inclination should be no more than thirty degrees;
The inner surface of the pipes should be as smooth as possible;
Installation of a special hatch, through which the chimney pipe is cleaned;
Thrust reduction device;
Outdoor areas must be fully insulated.

Chimneys for gas boilers SNP are in full compliance with all norms and standards, which makes their use as safe as possible. Such chimneys can be installed in any house, regardless of its size and shape.

Also, when installing a chimney, the following instructions will help you:

The channel that removes smoke and combustion products must be completely sealed so that gas and other fumes do not enter the room;
On the inner surface of the pipe, all joints and the surface itself should be as smooth as possible. So that soot and soot do not accumulate on its surface, which can clog the pipe over time;

Tip: in order to make the inner surface of the work as smooth as possible, you can install special metal liners inside.

The chimney pipe and masonry should not start from the boiler itself, but from the channel, which is located 20-60 centimeters lower;
The channel is necessary in order to install a special hatch, through which the pipes will be cleaned;
If the boiler does not have a special damper, for safety reasons it must be installed;
For a very powerful boiler, a channel with the largest possible cross section is needed;

Safe chimney installation

In order for your gas boiler to work correctly and properly, you need to make it safe. During a strong wind, air begins to enter the chimney pipe, because of this, the draft works worse, as a result of which smoke begins to penetrate into the room, creating smoke. To prevent this from happening, install a special protective cap on the chimney. Such a protective cap can be made independently from a small metal sheet.

If the chimney is the highest point of your house, you must additionally make high-quality grounding and a lightning rod. Step by step manufacturing lightning rod:

Install fittings made of durable and high-quality sheet metal on the wall of the smoke channel;
Connect the ground wires to the fittings, passing directly along the roof of the house itself;
The cable should be pulled straight to the metal plate that will be placed on the ground.

Important: this earthing option is suitable for all types of chimneys and boilers, except for those equipped with an electronic processor.

If you have an electric gas boiler installed, this installation should be located no closer than 50 centimeters from the chimney. This is necessary so that the electronics do not fail.

When making grounding for such boilers, the following features must be considered:

When connecting the ground pole and the main smoke exhaust duct, do not use conductive materials;
The chimney must be located below the lightning rod.

Chimneys for a gas boiler in a private house must have special fire protection. For this, the pipes must be filled with asbestos.

Furniture in a room with a gas boiler should be located at least 25-50 centimeters from the equipment and the chimney.

The popularity of using gas heating boilers is due to a number of advantages of natural gas over other types of fuel. But gas, facilitating the solution of the heating problem, is a fuel of increased danger, therefore, the requirements of regulatory services to ensure the safety of the operation of gas boilers, as well as any other gas-powered equipment, are also increased.

The chimney is an integral element of the design of any heating unit, the principle of operation of which is based on the combustion of fuel. The gas boiler is no exception. When burning gas, visible smoke is not formed, which is not familiar to the eye, but carbon monoxide - a colorless and odorless compound that is deadly for humans, requiring direct and complete output to the outside, which is what the chimney pipe for a gas boiler does - an independent design or an integral part common system removal of smoke from housing.

General requirements for chimneys of gas boilers

complete tightness of the chimney channel throughout;
the presence of sufficient traction for the complete removal of combustion products from the boiler;
fire resistance and chemical resistance of the material of execution of the inner surface;
high temperature resistance;
equipment of each boiler with a separate chimney;
the smoke channel along its length should not have more than 3 turns, and the ovals in the configuration are made with a radius of curvature not less than the diameter of the outlet pipe;
the vertical chimney must be at least 5 m in height - the minimum value that provides the required vacuum and draft;
the diameter of the chimney pipe for a gas boiler must not be less than the size of the outlet channel of the heating unit;
inadmissibility of connecting chimneys to ventilation ducts;
compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

When installing a chimney, it is also necessary to take into account the dependence of its parameters on the power of the gas boiler, set out in regulatory documents, but more clearly presented in the table:

Chimney layout options for gas boilers

According to the location of the device, chimneys are divided into:

internal;
external.

These types of chimneys are devices whose main structure is located vertically.

An independent type of chimney is a coaxial pipe in which combustion products and air from the street move towards each other in the channel.

Both types of chimneys are arranged taking into account the requirements of the above normative documents, but have individual design features that determine the advantages and disadvantages.

Internal chimneys

A chimney mounted inside a building contour limited by external walls is called an internal chimney.

The outer walls of the pipes of such a chimney for a gas boiler are not exposed to the negative effects of the external environment (temperature changes, precipitation, ultraviolet, wind, biological factor), so the design is durable.

In addition, during the movement of hot combustion products through the channel, heat transfer to the air of housing through the walls of the chimney continues - the side surface of the chimney is an additional source of heat, therefore the efficiency of such a heating system is higher, especially in 2-storey houses.

However, this arrangement of the chimney has its drawbacks:

in case of depressurization of the chimney, carbon dioxide will leak into one of the rooms;
overheating of the channel surface is dangerous as a fire;
the places where the chimney passes through the floor slabs need thermal insulation;
a shaft or a chimney pipe occupy a certain area and volume in the premises, so the factor of their presence must be taken into account when rearranging furniture and choosing finishing materials.

If an internal chimney is arranged during the construction of a house, then there are no problems with its construction - the project contains everything necessary for execution, including the technology for manufacturing an individual foundation for it. If a decision is made to build a chimney of this design in an already built house, then its installation is associated with significant time and money costs, since openings in the floor slabs will be required, and this is damage to the existing finish.

Outdoor chimneys

A chimney attached to the wall of a house or brought out through a side wall is called an outdoor chimney.

Advantages of this location:

ease of construction - the possibility of installation in a populated house without compromising the finish;
profitability;
ease of maintenance and repair;
safety - depressurization does not threaten poisoning.

Disadvantages of outdoor chimneys:

the need for insulation - to prevent the formation of condensate on the inner surface of the walls;
impact of negative environmental factors;
lower efficiency value - the impossibility of using the side surface as an additional heat source.

Summary table of characteristics of internal and external chimneys:

Coaxial chimneys

These devices are especially popular when equipped with a gas boiler chimney with a closed combustion chamber. A coaxial chimney is a pipe in a pipe in which two processes take place simultaneously - the intake of air from the outside into a closed-type combustion chamber and the removal of combustion products from the inside to the street. The coaxial pipe can be used both on wall-mounted boilers and when installing a chimney for floor heating units. The location of the channel can be internal or external, the orientation is vertical or horizontal.

Installation consists in making a through hole of the required diameter in the outer wall, floor slab or roof according to the previously made markings, installing a pipe into it and filling the gaps with heat and moisture resistant sealant.

Types of chimneys according to the materials of manufacture

Chimney pipes for a gas boiler are made of the following materials:

brick;
ceramics;
steel;
combination of materials.

Brick chimney

The ideal section of the pipe through which smoke passes at the highest speed is a circle, and laying out a round chimney from brick is irrational. In addition, a refractory brick is needed, but this does not save the channel walls from soot fouling and destruction due to exposure to condensing acid components of gas combustion products. Therefore, chimneys for heating boilers are laid out of bricks on solid fuel or stoves made of identical material.

The process is labor-intensive, as well as the need for careful selection of heat-resistant bricks and a binder with heat-resistant characteristics.

The construction begins with the construction of a solid individual foundation inside the contour of the building without a rigid connection with load-bearing walls and floor slabs. It is not advisable to perform this work on your own, without having the skills to work in laying furnaces, but knowledge of the technology will help control the work of a professional performer.

One of the conditions for ensuring sufficient traction is the required amount of elevation of the pipe head above the roof ridge, depending on the location. The diagram demonstrates this better than the description.

But the presence of traction, nevertheless, does not completely eliminate the factor of the destructive effect on the brick of smoke, its acid-forming components and condensate.

You can eliminate the influence of these factors by mounting a chimney from a steel pipe and overlaying it with refractory bricks. The ideal option for the channel material is stainless steel, which is resistant to chemically aggressive substances and moisture.

Based on the nuances of using bricks when constructing a chimney, its use for equipping a heating system based on a gas boiler is not justified.

Chimney from ceramic pipes

The ceramic flue pipe is a prefabricated structure. The outer hull is a load-bearing frame made of lightweight concrete. Inside it is a ceramic tube. The space between the inner and outer layers is filled with a special heat-insulating material.

The ceramic chimney is mounted from separate elements 20-60 cm long, having a connecting shaped socket at one end, processed during assembly to seal the joints with an acid-resistant adhesive.

The ceramic channel is insulated from the outside with heat-resistant thermal insulation and lined with hollow claydite-concrete blocks or heat-resistant bricks on cement mortar. The grooves in the blocks contribute to the ventilation of the insulation and neutralize the thermal expansion of ceramics. The design and profile of the blocks can be different - depending on the diameter of the chimney and the number of ceramic pipes in the channel.

To facilitate installation, manufacturers offer ready-made sets of ceramic chimneys, which include all the necessary accessories and have a guaranteed service life of 30 years or more.

Installation of a ceramic chimney

Ceramic chimneys are rarely mounted outside, as the outdoor version will require an additional reinforcing shell of bricks or blocks.

The device begins with determining the exit point of the channel in the roof. Then this place is projected down with a construction plumb line, soft soil is removed, the site is planned, the contour of the foundation is marked out and rubble bedding is made.

Foundation

If the base for the chimney is the foundation of the house (the structure is a pillow) or a concrete floor with reinforcement, then the channel is installed on it, having previously completed the waterproofing of the site.

The dimensions of the foundation in plan and its depth depend on the properties of the soil and the parameters of the chimney - the contour of the section and weight (number of storeys of the building).

Important! The foundation for the chimney is built independently, it should not have connections with the base of the building.

Formwork is installed along the contour marked on the ground, after which reinforcement is made - a mesh of variable profile reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm is laid, connected with a knitting wire with a cell of 10x10 or 12x12 cm.

The foundation is poured with concrete grade not lower than M-200. A week after laying, it will gain 70% strength, and you can start laying the chimney by waterproofing the area under it (roofing material, bitulin).

Block assembly

The laying of ceramic elements is carried out in accordance with the design of the mounting joints; a heat-resistant compound is applied to the joints of the elements before installation, which not only firmly fixes the joint after curing, but also seals it. It is convenient to lay the composition with a mounting syringe, in the absence of a trowel. The excess of the mixture that has come out after installation is immediately rubbed with a piece of foam rubber flush with the joint - there should be no drips or bulges.

Important! It is forbidden to “revive” the prepared, but already hardening composition by adding water and mixing - a significant part of the strength of such glue will be lost.

The laying of the supporting frame is carried out depending on the design of concrete or brick blocks, which are made both solid with a mounting hole in the section, and detachable, laid around the pipe.

In the lower tier, the first module should be located with a device for collecting and draining condensate. To do this, in a concrete or brick block, a grinder makes a slot to bring the outlet pipe out. A mortar is applied to the base, the mounting area of the product is wetted, and the block is placed in place, after which a ceramic module with a branch pipe is also installed on the cement mortar.

The verticality of the mounted sections is controlled by the building level. When laying the walls, it is also necessary to provide for the location of the inspection hatches and the connection of the gas boiler outlet pipe in order to mount these elements in the sections corresponding in height with the desired orientation.

Thermal insulation is laid around the pipe by inserting it from above into a block installed on the mortar with preliminary adjustment of dimensions.

Important! Horizontal joints of ceramic modules and hollow concrete blocks of the supporting frame, when passing through the floor slab, should not be located in its plane - a single element must pass through the slab, equipped around the perimeter of contact with it with a heat-resistant elastic sealant, neutralizing possible deformations.

To enhance the strength of the outer supporting frame, the blocks are provided with through holes - reinforcing channels, which must be combined during the production of masonry. Before the mortar hardens, pieces of steel reinforcement of a variable profile are inserted into these holes in such a way that the joints of the rods are in the middle of the block, and not on the seam. The diameter of the reinforcement is selected so that after the installation of the rod, there is space left in the reinforcing channel for filling it with a liquid cement mortar. The reinforcement is straightened and cut into pieces, allowing 2-3 blocks to be fastened together.

The external seams between the blocks or bricks of the supporting frame are also carefully rubbed, and the excess mortar is removed before curing, so that subsequently there is no need to knock on the channel to remove them.

The cross section of a ceramic chimney for gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber is somewhat different - in the blocks of the supporting frame there is a separate channel for air to enter the burners, which, like the reinforcement holes, must be carefully aligned during installation, but the technology of laying structures is identical to that described above.

The top of the pipe must be equipped with a protective cap, which prevents moisture and foreign objects from entering the chimney. The aerodynamics of the gas outlet depends on the shape of the head, so it is better to install the product industrial production rather than experimenting with homemade crowns.

Finishing the outer surface of the chimney in the premises is carried out depending on the interior of the housing, the most practical cladding ceramic tiles with appropriate temperature specifications.

Advantages of a ceramic chimney:

the inner surface of ceramic pipes is covered with a layer of heat-resistant glaze, which, unlike brick, does not contribute to soot settling - one of the conditions for good traction;
the glaze is waterproof, which eliminates the absorption of condensate by the pipe and the destruction of the walls when it freezes - the condensing compounds flow down into a special sump, which ensures the strength of the chimney body;
low intensity of soot layering - soot practically does not settle on a smooth surface, and most of it flies into the atmosphere along with smoke;
ease of maintenance - soot is removed much more easily from smooth glazed walls than from brick ones;
fire safety - even if there is a certain amount of soot in the pipe, it will ignite without consequences, since ceramics are heat-resistant and have low thermal conductivity;
resistance to chemicals - ceramics do not interact with acids formed during the condensation of moisture and gas combustion products on the pipe walls;
durability;
ease of processing - ceramic elements of the chimney do not require special tools.

Disadvantages of ceramic channels:

significant weight of the structure;
the need to build a foundation;
high price;
the need for precision fitting skills.

Ceramic chimney in steel casing

This design is a more advanced version of the previous device manufactured in Germany. The inner part is made of ceramics, and the outer shell is made of steel elements 60-100 cm long, assembled into a single structure using special crimp-type fasteners. Installation is simple and can be located anywhere, including installation inside the wall - for this, rectangular systems are produced.

With many advantages of a ceramic chimney in a steel shell, this material has a significant drawback - a high price, which hinders the growth of its popularity in everyday use.

Steel chimneys

For the manufacture of such channels, ordinary or stainless steel with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 mm is used. The advantages of stainless steel in this case are obvious - durability, due to resistance to acids formed when nitrogen and sulfur components of smoke come into contact with condensate.

The degree of aesthetic performance depends on the status of the building - cottages are equipped with channels made of stainless steel or with a colored enameled surface, fixed to the walls using decorative structures, country houses can be equipped with ordinary steel pipes painted with aluminum powder.

Pipe chimney systems are mainly located outside the housing, fastening to the walls using brackets. various designs, but an internal arrangement is also possible under the following conditions:

pipe material - stainless steel;
device for protective thermal insulation of the internal sections of the chimney to prevent burns from direct contact;
construction of fire-prevention cutting around pipes in places of contact with walls and floor slabs;
fulfillment of the requirements for the structural arrangement of the chimney elements:

Mounting

The foundation for steel chimneys is not required, and they can be installed independently.

Assembly is done from the bottom up. The design should include a condensate sump with a pipe for draining it.

Prefabricated elements are interconnected by shaped joints, the contact surfaces of which are covered with heat-resistant silicone sealant before assembly, which allows dismantling the desired fragment during spot repairs. Crimp clamps are additionally applied over the joints.

The depth of the pipe fitting on top of each other is determined by fire regulations - not less than the radius of the element to be mounted.

It is allowed to have one horizontal pipe section in the contour, but with a length of not more than 1.0 m.

The step of the chimney mounting brackets on the wall is 1.5-2.0 m, each turning point (elbow) needs to be individually fixed to the base.

If the roof of the house is made of combustible materials, then a spark deflector is installed at the end of the pipe.

To reduce the formation of condensate and increase draft, the outer sections of the chimney are insulated with stone wool - a method that prevents it from getting wet. In the upper part of the pipe, where the insulation layer ends, a collar is installed on the channel with a downward slope along the perimeter to prevent moisture from entering the insulation from the end.

The part of the pipe facing the roof is attached to the base with three stretch marks, evenly distributed along the circumference at 120 degree intervals.

Sandwich chimneys

Sandwich pipes are two steel shells of different diameters, between which a heat-resistant insulation of a certain thickness is placed. This design allows you to mount the chimney pipe for the boiler from elements that are already equipped with thermal insulation on the outside, so sandwich chimneys are equally suitable for both outdoor and indoor installation.

According to the material of execution of sandwich pipes, the following types are produced:

both shells are made of stainless steel;
inner tube made of stainless steel, outer tube made of galvanized steel.

However, the resistance of steel to oxidation does not yet determine the degree of its suitability for use in smoke ducts.

In the production of sandwich pipes, the following types of stainless steel are used:

AISI 430;
AISI 439;
AISI 316;
AISI 316i;
AISI 304;
AISI 321;
AISI 310S.

The most inexpensive materials are steel grades AISI 430 and AISI 304, but their use is appropriate - only for outer shells. The highest quality are AISI 316i, AISI 321, AISI 310S, used for both external and internal pipes, and this must be taken into account when choosing a material.
The grade of steel used has a significant impact on the cost of pipes. Therefore, when looking for the best offer, you need to consider the material of manufacture. A conscientious manufacturer always supplies its products with labels indicating the grades and thicknesses of the stainless steel of the inner and outer contours. The dependence of the cost on the steel grade is clearly demonstrated in the summary table of prices for stainless steel chimneys on the official website of the ROSSTin company.

Mounting

The construction of an external sandwich chimney begins with the installation of the starting node on the outer wall of the building. At the starting node, the first element of the sandwich chimney is installed - the base plate.

A tee is installed on the base plate, from which the vertical part of the chimney is mounted, and an inlet hole is made in the wall according to the marking in order to equip the entrance with a fireproof passage and thermal insulation.

Between themselves, the fragments are fastened by inserting the ends into each other, made in compliance with the required fitting dimensions of the diameters. Crimp clamps are installed over the landing joints. But when installing nozzles, two methods of their orientation are used - “by smoke” and “by condensate”.

When installing sandwich pipes, the following rule must be observed:

the assembly of the horizontal section to the tee is carried out “by smoke” - the next fragment is put on the previous one;
the vertical section of the chimney is assembled “by condensate” - the next fragment is inserted into the previous one.

Both methods of pairing are necessarily performed using a sealant.

Upon completion of installation, the upper part of the chimney is attached to the base with braces using a special clamp and eyelets.

Self-installation of a sandwich chimney is simple only at first glance. In practice, this operation requires professional skills to perform many types of work, including at height. In addition, not only the efficiency of the gas boiler, but also the safety of people living in the house depends on the quality of workmanship and compliance with technical standards. Therefore, it is recommended to take on the independent installation of a sandwich chimney, which includes many small but important nuances, only with the participation of a professional mentor.

Conclusion

The installation of a chimney for a gas boiler is a very responsible procedure, and taking into account the cost of materials for the execution of modern structures, it is quite expensive to undertake it without knowledge of the technology and skills in performing roofing, construction, installation and finishing works. However, knowledge of the operation algorithm and the basic requirements for chimneys will facilitate the current control over the performance of work by a professional contractor.

A chimney for a gas boiler in a private house must be equipped according to certain rules. The part that rises above the surface of the roof is just a small visible element of a rather complex mechanism. The pipe is responsible for the removal of gas and smoke. Homeowners should definitely be familiar with the design of the chimney in their own home. This will allow the heating system to operate correctly. If you are just going to equip gas heating, then you first need to decide on the type of chimney and familiarize yourself with the strengths and weaknesses of each solution.

Which chimney to choose

If you are going to equip a chimney for a gas boiler in a private house, then first you need to make a choice. The classic brick options today have long been abandoned by specialists and private homeowners. This design is complex, high cost, and the construction takes quite an impressive amount of time. In addition, in terms of performance, a brick chimney is inferior to modern designs.

Use of stainless pipe

The chimney for a gas boiler in a private house can be made of stainless steel. In the building materials store you can find a wide range of model range. Among the advantages can be distinguished resistance to mechanical damage, as well as the effects of aggressive substances. Such designs are made in the form of sandwich systems, which involve the presence of two pipes of different diameters. The full space is filled with basalt heat-resistant wool. Such products are characterized by reliability, and they look very presentable. To date, a stainless steel chimney, made like a sandwich, acts as one of the most successful solutions.

Using a coaxial chimney

The chimney for a gas boiler in a private house can also be coaxial. It cannot be confused with any other design. As distinguishing feature has an attractive appearance. It is worth recognizing that the operating parameters are at a high level. Such products have a specific shape, and on internal surfaces no condensation can form. This circumstance is most important for systems that operate on gas fuel.

Using a ceramic chimney

Installation of a chimney for a gas boiler can also be carried out using a ceramic structure. Such solutions today do not enjoy much attention from buyers who are in the elite construction segment. However, if you are pursuing the goal of installing a reliable, fireproof and affordable chimney, then there is no other alternative today other than ceramic construction. Among other things, these products are easy to install.

Requirements for the chimney of a gas boiler

Installation of a chimney for a gas boiler requires maximum attention to the work. Particular emphasis must be placed on the density of fit of structural elements in those areas where the connection was made. You should try to achieve maximum tightness. This prevents the penetration of hot gases outside the chimney. If the heating system has several units, then common connecting flue pipes can be used.

Installation of a chimney inside a building

Chimneys for boilers are installed both outside and inside the building. In order to understand what the difference is, it is necessary to comparative analysis. Thus, the internal chimney does not imply the presence of thermal insulation if heating of all rooms is provided. A chimney will pass through them, and only the outer part of the pipe will need to be insulated.

As for the external chimney, the thermal insulation must be fully equipped. Internal chimneys have a high risk of carbon monoxide entering the room. This indicates an increased fire hazard.

If we talk about external structures, they are distinguished by a high level of safety during operation. Inner pipes have many different components that differ from each other in design features. This inevitably leads to certain difficulties during installation. The opponent's components are very similar, which ensures ease of installation. Internal chimney pipes are quite difficult to repair. An outdoor chimney is easy to repair, no matter what problems arise.

Features of the device of the internal chimney

When internal chimneys for boilers are being equipped, the markings should first be made in the roofing cake and ceilings, which will allow holes to be made. The correctness of these works should be analyzed several times. Only then can you start cutting the opening. The branch pipe that departs from the heating equipment must be connected to the adapter adapter. Next, a revision and a tee are connected, a metal sheet is fixed, and the main bracket is mounted. When building a pipe, it may be necessary to use elbows.

You should stock up on a special pipe if you intend to install through the ceiling. A galvanized sheet must be put on the pipe, in which a hole of a larger diameter should be made in advance compared to the chimney pipe. Galvanization should be fixed to the ceiling. In order to make the docking more reliable, you should use clamps that are pulled together with good wire or bolts.

Final works

The rules require fixing the chimney with wall clamps. They are installed at a distance of 2 meters from each other. Among other things, it is recommended to use brackets with a step of 4 meters. To complete the design, you should use a special tip, which has a conical shape. At the last stage, insulation work is carried out in the chimney area.

Additional chimney requirements

The rules for installing a gas boiler in a private house provide for compliance with all the requirements for a chimney. To remove gases and supply air to the boiler, special equipment must be used. Outwardly, it looks like a shaft, in the inner space of which a pipe is installed. The installation of the chimney must be carried out strictly vertically. The presence of constrictions and expansions inside the channel is absolutely not allowed.

The device involves the use of exclusively non-combustible and non-consumable materials. The structure should not have cracks and any mechanical damage through which combustion products can seep into the room. When installing, use only high-quality sealants that are resistant to high temperatures. The height of the pipe and its diameter must correspond to the output parameters of the boiler. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve sufficient traction.

As mentioned, the chimney can be both internal and external. There are standard schemes according to which the connection is made. If you have to choose an option that is not considered standard, it must comply with the regulations. Any connection system provides for a slope towards the boiler of the horizontal section of the chimney within 3 degrees or more by one meter.

Connecting a chimney to a gas boiler

Chimneys for gas boilers, the price of which can vary from 700 rubles per 1 meter, are not connected according to a scheme that involves connecting several heaters by combining a pipe to one chimney. In this case, combustion products can get inside the room. It is forbidden to connect elements that consist of asbestos, galvanization, brick and aluminum. The optimal height of the chimney is a parameter within 5 meters or more. If we are talking about a flat roof, then the device of the chimney involves the elevation of the element above the surface by 1.5 meters.

As for the height of the pipe, the axis of which is located 3 meters from the roof, this parameter should be determined by the level of the ridge. If the pipe rises above the last element by more than 2 meters, then additional fixation should be made using building braces.

Chimney outlet to the outside

The diameter of the chimney for a gas boiler must match the output parameters of the heating equipment. In order to bring the element out, you should mark the area, and then align by comparing them with the markup. Only then can you start making holes. A passage element should be connected to the boiler nozzle, bringing the pipe out into the street. For the transition, a pipe should be used. The hole in the wall and the piece of pipe that passes through it should be well insulated.

When chimneys for floor gas boilers are removed, a tee with an inspection should be installed, and then put on a plug. The master must build up the pipe, gradually attaching links to it. The structure must be attached to the wall in increments of 2 meters. Fastening should be reinforced with clamps.

After the desired height has been dialed, the cone-shaped tip should be installed. If the outlet channel was formed from a sandwich material, then thermal insulation is not performed, if it is not, then such manipulations should be carried out. The chimney for a wall-mounted gas boiler, first of all, must be safe, as well as efficient. Only after that it is necessary to think about the aesthetic appearance products. If you are not confident in your abilities and strengths, then it is preferable to entrust the connection to professionals in their field, this will allow you to get a guarantee of security.

Gas ducts in an apartment building or a private house are considered an indispensable element of ventilation. The exhaust structure of the chimney can be external and internal. The chimney device has different versions. At the same time, it is important to know what sizes, types, standards for outlet channels are.

The hood is used for forced ventilation. Its design includes an air intake narrowing to the bell. The latter is mounted to the pipeline. This mechanism can be found above the plates. For the heating system, a similar system is performed, but the execution is different. For a gas boiler, the chimney plays the role of an exhaust hood.

The need to install a chimney:

Conclusion of gas combustion products and their prevention of entry into the house;
Thrust to get oxygen into the system;
Efficient use of the system.

But these functions will be provided with the correct installation of the system. All installation and commissioning work must be coordinated with the gas service. But when using a gas cylinder, a service permit is not needed. But during checks, violations can be found and the system will be banned from operating.

Types of chimneys for gas boilers

The chimney for the boiler creates optimal and safe working conditions by removing combustion products. But before installation, you must select the scheme and installation option. Chimneys are divided depending on the material of manufacture.

Types of chimneys:

From brick. To install it, you need a foundation, so the installation of the system is carried out at the design stage of the house. The inner coating of the pipes must be sufficiently smooth. And the brick itself is resistant to aggressive vapors.
From stainless steel. The material is resistant to chemical and mechanical influences. The system appears to have a sandwich construction. A product with a smaller diameter is mounted in the outer stainless steel pipe.
coaxial design. This is a split chimney when the pipe enters the pipe. Oxygen for combustion enters one at a time, combustion products exit at the other. Due to this, the efficiency of combustion and fuel use is increased. At the same time, this design is considered environmentally friendly.
From ceramics. In appearance, these are heat-insulating ceramic blocks mounted in concrete base. A ceramic chimney has many advantages, but the main thing is to properly dock the modules.

We offer to study the advantages of installing coaxial type chimneys:

Certain pros and cons are suitable for everyone specific case. The main thing is that the design complies with building codes and regulations. SNiP prescribes the correct installation of any type of chimney.

Norms and requirements for a gas pipe in a private house

All work with the chimney, from design to installation, is strictly regulated by building codes. All information is specified in SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". If these rules are neglected, the pipeline will be dangerous when used.

Main regulatory requirements:

Good traction will ensure the rapid removal of combustion products;
Thermal resistance;
All connections must be treated with a sealant;
The pipe section through the roof must be integral;
To collect and remove liquid, a condensate collector is provided in the system;
If there are turns, it will be necessary to equip inspection hatches, which will help control the condition of the chimney;
The optimal length of the branches should not be more than 1 m;
The number of turns is not more than 3;
For good draft, the chimney must be higher than the roof structure;
The distance between combustible materials is 25 cm, non-combustible - 5 cm.

The gas boiler is most often located in a separate room -. All connections are assumed to be tight. All other installation rules are described in the above standards.

The tightness of the connections will ensure the insulation of the structure, the combustion products will not go beyond the system.

The elements of the chimney include a flue, pipes, revision and connecting elements. The gas duct is a channel that is located at the place where the boiler passes into the pipe. The revision is used to clean up the design. It is located below the chimney.

Learn about right choice pipes for the chimney and features of the manufacture of the smoke exhaust system:

The sequence of the chimney of a gas boiler in a private house

Allocate internal and external installation system. It all depends on the design stage. When building a house, perform internal system. In finished buildings, an external structure is performed.

The external system is characterized by the need for complete thermal insulation of the chimney. For good work, you will need to follow all the rules and regulations. For the design choose the same type of elements. Their connection is quite simple. In this case, the system is freely available for maintenance.

For internal placement, the system must be installed in a strictly vertical order, without deviations in the diameter of the pipes.

The internal structure requires thermal insulation only in the area that is located on the street. The system is unsafe: smoke can enter the room, high fire hazard. The number of structural elements is quite large, so the installation has certain difficulties. The operation of the chimney also has its own difficulties.

Consistently indoor installation:

Marking the structure and connecting elements;
Equipment opening for the chimney;
Connection of the boiler with the flue through a special pipe;
Installation of revision and tee;
Pipe installation;
Attaching clamps at the joints;
Installation of brackets;
Thermal insulation.

The internal system is mounted at the stage of building a house and building a foundation. This is how you can make a safe building. Due to this, the amount of liquid in the pipes is minimal. Otherwise, a condensate trap will be required.

How to properly install a chimney on a gas boiler

Chimney installation must comply with building codes. Otherwise, there will be problems with the operation of the structure. All installation features are taken into account in a number of rules and recommendations.

Installation Tips:

The maximum slope of the pipes is 30 degrees;
To drain condensate, it is necessary to install a condensate collector at the corners of the system;
You should think about the markup of the dropper and revision in advance;
AT without fail equipped with dampers for traction stabilization;
On the street, it is necessary to insulate the pipe;
When joining the elements, there should be no gaps and gaps;
Joints will need to be well sealed;
Pipe installation must be in a strictly vertical position;
For insulation, you can use mineral wool, and install a brick layer on top of it.

In addition, special attention should be paid to the material of manufacture of the chimney. It is best to choose refractory elements. The pipe itself must be flat, bends and irregularities are not welcome. Before starting work, you will need to carefully examine the integrity of the structure. Pipes must be smooth and even.

The main cause of chimney breakdowns is the presence of condensate. At the design stage, it is important to consider the removal of fluid from the pipe.

The internal structure of the pipe must be freely accessible for cleaning and repair work. In case of deviation from the norms, the gas service may prohibit the use of the boiler. It is important to approach the installation process correctly and responsibly.

Stages of installing a pipe for a gas boiler

First, there is the purchase of equipment, the preparation of all tools and materials. Also, a project, a diagram and all calculations must be prepared in advance. After that, you can build a vetkanal.

How to build a chimney:

First, a preliminary assembly of the structure is performed to ensure the integrity and completeness of the materials;
Then the chimney is connected to a gas boiler;
All structural elements must be fixed with connecting parts;
The system is then tested for leaks.

The output of the outer pipe from the boiler room is carried out through the wall. Sometimes they can use ready-made ventilation or a window. In the wall you will have to make a hole of the desired diameter for the pipe and thermal insulation.

No need to rush through the hole. First you need to make sure that the calculations are accurate.

One section of pipes is inserted into the resulting hole, fixed and insulated. On the street, sections are gradually added and a plumb test is made. The chimney is attached to the wall with brackets. The end of the chimney is equipped with a roof.

Fluid control: condensate trap for chimney

The condensate trap is a special compartment in the pipe where liquid accumulates. But there are other ways to reduce the amount of condensate. So only dried fuel should be used.

Smoke must move freely through the pipes, so the walls of the chimney must be smooth and even, with a minimum number of bends.

Proper operation of the pipe involves regular cleaning of soot and contaminants. Additional devices are also welcome. You will need to mount a protective cap, collector, limiter and diverter.

If the gas temperature exceeds 100 degrees, then the condensate will not settle on the walls of the chimney, but will simply evaporate. Compliance with the norms guarantees the efficient use of the chimney. All dimensions and locations of pipes should be adhered to.

Varieties of chimneys for a gas boiler in a private house (video)

A chimney is needed for any AOGV boiler. It doesn’t matter if the installation is internal or external, but the basic norms and GOST should be observed in everything. The ventilation ducts of a wall-mounted gas boiler must be well insulated and insulated.