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Ladder with winder steps with their own hands. Winder steps for wooden stairs. Materials, calculation, choice of tools. Fabrication and installation of the structure. Basic principles of calculations

Winder stairs with 90° turn (L-shaped staircase) - an efficient and fairly compact design, which in most cases is made in the form of two marches of different sizes, located at right angles and connected by steps, with an increasing width of the tread from the axis of rotation to the border of the opening. winder steps allow you to create a frame of a shorter length, compared with a turntable, but somewhat complicate the movement for the elderly, children and people with disabilities.

Online calculator stairs with a 90° turn with winder steps from KALC.PRO allows you to get a finished design project without special knowledge and profile education based on measurements of the existing opening. The calculation result contains the most optimal consumption of materials for manufacturing without loss of quality, detailed drawings of the assembled structure and all elements separately, an adaptive 3D model in real proportions with a separate set of functional elements and recommendations for creating the most convenient and ergonomic design.

Calculation procedure

Step 1. The choice of the number of rotary steps - 2 pcs, 3 pcs, 4 pcs, N pcs ( default 3 pcs).
Step 2. Selection of suitable units of measurement - mm, cm, m, inches, feet.
Step 3. Specifying the color saturation of drawings for rendering - monochrome, color.
Step 4. Determination of the side of entry to the stairs - right-hand (with a turn to the left), left-hand (with a turn to the right).
Step 5. The method of fastening the rotary steps is a thorn-groove connection, in the section of the supporting column.
Step 6. Entering the parameters of the stairs - length, march width, opening height ( if the upper step is at the level of the 2nd floor, the height of the opening = the height of the stairs) .
Step 7. Step parameters - the number of straight steps, the thickness of the tread, the ledge of the edge, the upper step below the level of the 2nd floor or at the level ( optional).
Step 8. Riser (optional) - the possibility of using risers.
Step 9. Stringer parameters - beam thickness, beam width ( separately for direct and running march).
Step 10. support beams stiffness - thickness, width.
Step 11. Support column parameters - section side.
Step 12. The choice of characteristics of the elements of the fence - height, thickness, width of handrails, section side of the baluster.
Step 13. Slabs and Walls - Blocks are only used for 3D rendering and do not affect the final results.
Step 14. Confirm the entered values and start the calculation of the stairs with a 90° turn with winders using the button « Calculate».

Design features / designations on the drawings

Creating a staircase with your own hands can significantly save the budget, however, novice masters do not always realize that this is a rather long and complicated process with a lot of nuances that are almost impossible to get acquainted with right away. Therefore, in order to perform a competent design calculation and ensure the most comfortable conditions when moving, you must use the values below when filling in the fields of the calculator. They are based on the popular "convenience formula" of the French engineer Francois Blondel and have been tested by more than one generation of builders. Other options can be found on the " Calculation of stairs online».

Blondel formula: 2 × h + s = 60/65 cm

h - step height;
s - tread width;
60/65 cm - the average length of a person's step.

We also note that in order to manufacture a safe and reliable staircase, it is necessary to be guided by building requirements and regulations that describe the permissible operating loads, dimensions, material characteristics, and so on. Our calculator does not take into account these limitations, but it also does not allow creating a guaranteed unstable structure - the calculation will stop and an error window will appear. However, in order to avoid possible negative situations, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the provisions of the following documents:

GOST 23120-78 "Mid-air stairs, platforms and steel railings", SNiP 21-01-97 (SP 112.13330.2011) "Fire safety of buildings and structures", SNiP 31-02-2001 (SP 55.13330.2010) "Single-apartment residential houses ", SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings", SNiP 2.08.02-89 (SP 118.13330.2011) " Public buildings and structures”, SNiP 2.01.07-85 (SP 20.13330.2010) “Loads and impacts”, SNiP II-25-80 (SP 64.13330.2011) “Wooden structures”.

Check out our articles - wooden staircase installation and the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs. We are confident that this information will be useful to you, including when calculating the 90° winder ladder on the calculator.

An example of the calculation of the L-shaped stairs

The winder ladder is installed in rooms with small dimensions, where it is impossible to place a full-fledged direct march. The design allows to reduce the interfloor transition by changing the direction of movement and laying winder steps instead of a horizontal landing.

Winder stairs, consisting of rectangular and wedge-shaped treads, differ in the form of construction:

Rotary - straight marches are connected by helical sections with a rotation of 90-360 °, have a L-, P-, S-shape.
Screw - consisting entirely of winder steps.

Stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, plastic, glass, or combinations thereof. Treads with risers form a closed march, without them - an open one.

Winder structures include:

bearing elements;
steps with treads;
fences.

Winder staircase design.

The supporting frame consists of stringers, bowstrings or vertical supports. Sometimes cantilever steps are fixed in the wall. When connecting the element of the fence and the tread with the help of a special bolt, a visually light, but very strong structure, called "on the bolts", is created.

Steps in winder stairs are of two types - standard and winder. Their size and location, taking into account ergonomic considerations and fire safety, are regulated by SNiP 21-01-97, GOST 9818. According to the standards, the width of an ordinary tread should tend to the length of a person's foot - 25-30 cm. In running shoes, this size is observed in the central part in the direction of travel .

The turning step is a wedge, the narrow side of which must be at least 10 cm, and the wide side - no more than 40 cm. The slope of the stairs is kept constant. Such restrictions are introduced so that a certain rhythm is maintained when walking. Otherwise, it will be difficult for a person to move, falls are not excluded. The fences of winder marches are made of metal, wood, plastic, glass. Their standard height is 90-120 cm. The supports are designed for a lateral load of up to 100 kg.

Pros and cons

The main advantage that a winder ladder has is its compactness. In a place where a horizontal platform is located in conventional structures with straight marches, steps are laid that increase the rise. When turning 90°, the height difference is 30-50 cm (2-3 steps). The wider the span, the more treads can be placed on the helical section while maintaining the optimal step height.

The second plus is that the winder stairs are very original. The curved or rounded shape of the design attracts the attention of visitors, decorates any interior, harmoniously fits into a classic or modern style.

The non-standard form can be attributed to the disadvantages. Moving up the unusual stairs is not very convenient at first. Over time, a habit is developed, descent or ascent does not cause difficulties. Swivel structures are more difficult and longer to mount than standard ones. Careful calculation and fitting is required in place. Winder stairs are individual. There are no generic solutions.

Requirements for the design of winder stairs

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the design of stairs that ensure the safety of human movement:

march width - at least 90 cm;
step height - 15-20 cm;
depth of rectangular treads - 25-30 cm;
for winders, the minimum width of the inner part is 10 cm, the central part is 20 cm, the maximum outer size- 40 cm;
slope of straight marches - up to 45 °;
to the bottom of the ceiling structures in the direction of travel - 2 m;
fence height - not less than 90 cm;
between balusters - 10-15 cm;
the distance to the doors is not less than 1 m.

A winder ladder that meets these standards will be comfortable, functional and safe.

Calculation of stairs with winder steps

You can determine the geometry of the structure manually or using an online calculator. In any case, you need to find required amount lower, rotary and straight steps, the length and height of the opening, the width of the stairs. The thickness of the tread and bowstring, the protrusion of the edge of the part beyond the tread are taken into account.

Winder calculation methods

To determine the dimensions of the steps, the steepness and the radius of curvature, several calculation methods are used:

Graphic simplified. Used to calculate stairs with a 90° or 180° turn. In the drawing, made to scale, a central line is drawn, which corresponds to the trajectory of movement. It is divided into treads of the same size according to the number of steps and depth, maintaining restrictions on the width of the narrow and wide parts.
proportion method. It is used when calculating a smoother bend of a winder ladder. Part of the treads of a direct march is changed to wedge-shaped. With this layout, it is much more convenient to move, since there is no sharp transition to the helical lift gap.
Danish method. As a result of the constructions, a projection with segments equal to the lengths of the narrow sides of the steps is obtained. They are transferred to the drawing. After recalculation, the desired natural dimensions are obtained from the scale values.

Other calculation methods are also used - lifting lines or sweeping. They require precise graphic constructions and knowledge of the laws of geometry.

Important. A winder staircase with a turn is not an easy object to manufacture. In order not to make mistakes in the calculations, it is advisable to turn to professionals. Also, we recommend reading the article, in any case it will be useful to anyone when choosing the desired design.

Calculation of the angle of elevation and the size of the opening

The most common version of the run-in design is two straight marches located perpendicular to each other in the corner of the room. The most comfortable slope determines the ratio of 1:2-1:1.75 or 30° in angular units.

The approximate number of treads is found by dividing the height of the opening, taking into account the slab or floor beam, by the recommended vertical size of the step. For example, in a room with a height of 3 m, you will need to place 3 / 0.15 = 20 steps minus one (climbing to the floor of the second floor).

Graphical calculation on paper is carried out according to the scheme:

A circle is drawn with a radius equal to the width of the march.
Both marches are marked on the drawing with the number of steps obtained by preliminary calculation - dividing the height of the floor by the size of the riser.
From the point of the desired start of rounding, lines are drawn perpendicular to the marches. Their intersection is marked with point A.
Connect point A to the center of the circle. This is the axis of proportions.
A line is drawn through the middle of the marches and the circle, divided on a helical gap into segments of equal length corresponding to the width of the step. Usually, this is 3-4 sections.
Connect point A to the intersection points of the center line along the edges of the treads. When constructing, the width of the section corresponding to the narrow side of the wedge is controlled.
If it is less than 10 cm in scale, point A must be reselected. They retreat a few more steps and carry out formations.

You can increase the number of winder steps in a rounded area if the march is wide enough. Then the condition under which the narrow edge of the tread is at least 10 cm will be preserved. The result should be a figure that meets the specified requirements. The dimensions of the opening for the stairs are rigidly tied to the angle of inclination. The steeper the structure, the smaller the hole in the ceiling should be.

Important. The main criterion is that a person, when walking, should not touch his head on the beams or slabs located on top.

You can determine the boundaries of the hatch on the drawing of the finished staircase by measuring the distance between the tread and the bottom of the ceiling. If the height is less than 2 m, the size of the opening is adjusted in three ways - they move the slab or beam (which is often impossible), increase the slope of the straight march (it is not always possible to achieve a comfortable climbing angle), or add the number of winder steps up to the screw version.

Calculation of the number of ordinary and winder steps

In the drawing, the contours of each element are distinguished. Now you can determine the number of rectangular and wedge-shaped treads. But it is not worth rushing to cut the material. It is better to finally fit the details on the spot.

To calculate the exact number of ordinary and winder steps, you can additionally use an online calculator. In the input field indicate the height of the room, the length of the wall along which the stairs will be located, the number of turning and lower treads, the width of the march, the thickness of the lumber.

After receiving the results, they are compared with those calculated manually. They should be approximately equal. Then they proceed to the manufacture of parts and the installation of a winder ladder with their own hands. Can be purchased ready-made version suitable for size and specifications.

Ready-made designs

Manufacturers involved in the manufacture of stairs offer the buyer designs with winder steps in various designs:

march width 700-900 mm;
opening size - from 800x1200 mm to 1800x2700 mm;
construction height - 2100-3150 mm;
price category - 20-150 thousand rubles.

Stairs with a turn of 90 ° -180 ° are made of different types of wood - pine, oak, ash, beech, birch. Winder steps are located in the lower, middle part or along the entire height of the structure. The frame is made of wood or metal.

Winder staircase with 180 degree turn.

Manufacturers offer coloring at the request of the customer in various colors - ivory, brandy, walnut, bog oak, coffee, wenge. Marches can be equipped with railings made of wood, steel or PVC.

Winder ladder with a 90 degree turn.

Individual selection of balusters, entrance pillars and decorations is possible. Additionally, the design is equipped with a backlight with a motion sensor, equipped with a children's gate for the safety of younger family members. For a more accurate selection of the model, it is possible to call the measurer at home. Each product is supplied with a passport and detailed instructions for installation.

Important. If there is no self-confidence, it is better to use the services of professional assemblers.

Do-it-yourself winder ladder installation

With extensive experience in handling wood and the skill of using carpentry tools, there will be no difficulties in assembling the stairs. Installation of structures with winder steps on stringers is carried out in the following sequence:

The balusters are screwed to the treads with self-tapping screws 70 mm long.
The stringers are connected to the supporting posts with dowels 60 mm long and bolts. It is important not to confuse and properly dock a large stringer with a longer pole.
Install steps with balusters on stringers, fix with self-tapping screws.
A stud with a nut and washer and dowels are screwed into the end of the insert.
They put a tread on the bar. Tighten with a nut and washer, screwing them onto the stud.
Dowels are alternately inserted into the holes at the ends of the steps and inserts, and the elements are connected. Screwed to the kosour with self-tapping screws 70 mm long.
The next two stringers are connected to the poles on the dowels, screwed with bolts.
The inserts and steps are installed alternately in the same way as in the previous operation.
Put a pole on the stud, tighten with a nut and washer. They are attached to the insert and kosour post, secured with dowels and bolts.
Install the remaining steps with balusters on the stringer, screwing them with self-tapping screws.
A plumbing bolt is screwed to the floor of the second floor, a pole is installed, and the nut is tightened. Mount the fence on the balusters.

If the model has risers, they are inserted into the groove of the upper step, and screwed to the end of the lower step with self-tapping screws. Mask the mounting holes with plugs. Glue decorative strips on the sides of the structure.

During installation wooden structures in the room, "black" and "wet" processes must be completed. Optimal Humidity when working with wood 45-55% and temperature 16°C-24°C. In houses made of wood, rigid fastening is not recommended due to possible shrinkage.

Important. After 5 years, it is recommended to grind and process the structures with the means used earlier.

Conclusion

The winder staircase is an interior decoration, which also saves space. To make it comfortable and safe, the design must comply with the requirements normative documents. Installation of ready-made marches is not difficult. It is much more difficult to independently calculate and manufacture a structure, but with non-standard opening sizes, this is the only possible option.

winder ladder - to run... This staircase is not straight, with a run...
Dal V.I. Dictionary Dahl, 1863-1866

Zabezhnaya- running, running. In expression: winding platform (architecture) - a platform at the turn of the stairs between floors.
Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by D.N. Ushakov

winder ladder - This is a staircase with a turn. Winder steps are used in the design of the winder ladder.
Stairs with winder steps are designed in cases of limited space, i.e. when it is not possible to install a platform.

Photo of a 2-way staircase at 90 ° with 5 winder steps

Winder stairs involve movement without stopping, which makes such stairs not comfortable for children and people with disabilities.

Methods for calculating winder stairs.

When designing a winder ladder, ensure a comfortable running line. Those. plan the line of travel, taking into account the dimensions of the person, no closer than 305 mm to the inner or outer edge of the stairs.

Building codes for the design of winder stairs

Stroke bar
Pay attention to the "running lane".
“... a person cannot exactly walk along this line (meaning the line of movement) but will always deviate to the right or left. The greater the possibility of such a deviation, the more convenient the ladder.
... The wider this strip and the more convenient it is in relation to the railing, the easier it is to walk up the stairs.
Novitsky O.V. "Modern stairs. Design, manufacture, installation.»

Step calculation
There are two ways to design winder stairs:
calculation method
graphic methods

The calculation method is described in the book "Wooden Stairs" ed. V. Nutch, Moscow: Technosphere, 2009. - 128p. ISBN 978-5-94836-189-5

There are several graphic methods:

angular method

proportion method

circle method

Angular method

Proportion method

Circle method

Photo of a ladder of three mid-flight at 180 ° with 6 winder steps

Photo stairs 180

° all of winder steps

Photo of two marching stairs at 180
° with 6 winder steps

At good design, the corner staircase will look great in your home.

How to calculate winder corner stairs

The main disadvantage of a direct march is the high requirements for free space. Therefore, this design is not suitable for every home. Less demanding on free space - a corner staircase with a 90 ° turn.

Stylish corner staircase that occupies a minimum of space.

Short description

A distinctive feature of a winder staircase with a turn of 90 degrees is the absence of a landing. In its place are several wedge-shaped steps. Together they form a smooth turn from one march to another. To do this, one part of the steps is made narrow, and the other - wide.

Such a turn of the stairs is no less convenient option than with a landing.

In fact, a winder staircase is a combination of a helical and marching structure. From the first variety, she got space savings (albeit not too significant), from the second - ease of use.

Climbing the winder ladder will be more convenient for one person.

Such structures are usually installed in the corner of the room, although in some cases they can be placed right in the center of the room. In the first case, the load is partially transferred to the walls, in the second case, the structure is held by 2 bearing beams.
Making a staircase with a 90 degree turn is a rather difficult task. This will require the implementation of accurate, the availability of the necessary tools, as well as the manufacture of complex parts. However, with the right approach, this is quite a doable task.

An interesting option installation of a corner staircase - to an attached load-bearing wall.

Pros and cons of winder design

The advantages of stairs with a 90 degree angle include the following points:

Saving free space. Compared to straight marching products, running models take up less space.
Ease of use. If the steps are not too narrow, then climbing or descending the corner stairs is almost as convenient as using a conventional marching structure.
Good reliability and load capacity. Marching varieties are the strongest and most reliable structures.
Wide range of design possibilities. A variety of materials, shapes and details allows you to create a staircase with a unique design.
Interior element. Turning stairs fit almost any room, giving the interior a new and unusual look.

Like all staircase structures winder ladders have not only advantages, but also some disadvantages. Among which it is worth highlighting the following points:

High price. The cost of manufacturing or purchasing a finished structure remains high.
Manufacturing complexity. To create a quality product, complex calculations and a lot of time for manufacturing parts will be required.
Difficulty in installation. To install a ladder with a turn of 90 degrees, considerable effort and at least 2 people will be required.

A simple version of the winder ladder.

Material used

In the modern world, many materials are used for the production of stairs. For example:

wood;
metal;
concrete and reinforced concrete;
fiberglass, etc.

Pretty not a simple design winder stairs made of concrete.

In most cases, there are models made of wood or metal. The high popularity of these materials can be explained by two factors: reasonable cost and good strength.
Working with a tree is quite simple - no special skills or sophisticated equipment are required here. Also, wooden stairs look presentable and give the room a certain comfort. However, it should be borne in mind that in order to protect the surface, it is required from time to time to cover it with protective agents.

A wooden winder staircase will be ideally combined in a country house.

All-metal products are less common. The fact is that for the manufacture of such structures, knowledge of welding and the availability of appropriate equipment are required. In addition, metal stairs with an angle of 90 degrees look quite specific and will not suit every interior.

Advice!
In some cases, a combined approach can be used. For example, to make load-bearing beams of metal, and install wooden steps on them.

metal staircase with wooden winder steps.

Despite the similarity of the running corner design with marching models, it is less convenient to climb or descend such stairs. The main negative point is the winder steps, in which one end is narrow and the other is wide. It is this structure that increases the risk of injury and the likelihood of slipping off the steps.

Such a corner staircase is not very safe, so you should go down closer to the wall.

Also, usability is affected by the size of other elements. For example, high railings are not suitable for children, and climbing narrow steps will not be very convenient for everyone without exception.

Therefore, to increase the comfort of use, important points should be considered:

the minimum depth of the narrow part of the winder step is 10 cm, the middle one is not less than 20 cm, the wide part is not more than 40 cm;
the optimal step height is 15-20 cm;
the dimensions of the running and straight steps must correspond throughout the entire flight of stairs;
recommended railing height - 80-100cm;
the optimal distance between the balusters is 12-15 cm;
the minimum height of the opening (free space above the stairs) is 2 m;
the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45O;
the minimum width of the flight of stairs is 90 cm.

The optimal dimensions of the winder ladder.

Step calculation

N = number of steps;
H1 - floor height;
H2 - step height.

Calculation of stairs with running steps.

But in some cases, an integer value may not work. In this case, you can go three ways:

change the height of the steps;
make the first step of a non-standard size;
install a platform under the stairs to “adjust” the structure to the desired height.

Advice!
Separately, it is worth mentioning the winder steps - they are not recommended to be installed more than three to five pieces. If there are more of them, then the depth of each tread will turn out to be too narrow and it will be inconvenient or even dangerous to climb such a ladder.

Enlarged winder step.

Making a winder ladder with your own hands

Unlike buying a finished product, creating a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn on your own will avoid large financial costs. However, keep in mind that this is a long and complicated process.

A more complex type of winder staircase design with a 180 degree turn.

For greater clarity, it should be divided into several stages:

carrying out calculations;
parts manufacturing;
construction installation.

Training

Design is the most important step in creating a staircase. It is at this stage that the dimensions of the elements are determined, as well as appearance designs. For this reason, special attention should be paid to preparation.

Design consists of 3 stages:

taking measurements;
making payments;
diagramming.

First of all, you should determine the location of the flight of stairs and take appropriate measurements. In particular, the length, width and height of the space under the stairs. It is the location of the running product and the free area that affect the size of the structure.

A good miscalculation of the space under the winder stairs.

The next step is to do the calculations. Here you should build on the previous stage, and also take into account the optimal dimensions. For example, the angle of the stairs, the number of steps, etc.
Produced drawing of winder staircase with 90 degree turn.

The winder ladder scheme acts as a visual aid. In addition, a neat and unhurried approach to drawing up a drawing will avoid many problems in the following stages. For example, questions about the size of individual elements or their compliance with the recommended parameters.

Execution of works

For the manufacture of parts and installation of the structure, the following tools will be required:

saw;
Sander;
drill;
welding machine (if there are metal elements in the stairs);
fasteners (bolts, anchors, self-tapping screws).

The manufacture and installation of the structure takes place in a certain order:

load-bearing beams are made and mounted on the wall;
a support pole is installed;
steps are cut;
steps are installed on load-bearing beams (they should be mounted from the bottom up);
balusters are inserted into the bearing beams;
handrails are placed on the fence posts.

Space saving and pleasant appearance - that's short description corner stairs with winder steps. This design will look great in any room, literally transforming it. Therefore, in order to get a beautiful and high-quality product, you should act very carefully and slowly at all stages of manufacturing.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

With a lack of space in the living room, finding a place to place the stairs is a lot of trouble. And the solution to this issue can be stairs made of wood with winder steps. Such designs do not lose their practicality in operation and significantly save precious square meters. But before proceeding with the installation work, you should be aware of the important nuances described in this article.

The shape and types of stairs

First you need to decide on the design - the shape of the frame of the future stairs:

If necessary, all three options can be combined based on the layout of the room, the shape of the stairs and the presence of adjacent load-bearing walls.

Combined design: stringers + bowstring

Safety requirements for winder stairs

Do not forget that walking on a wooden staircase should be as safe as possible, since both adults and children can move along it. Therefore, the following recommendations are imperative:

the number of steps in one flight of stairs must be made at least 3 and it is desirable that their total number be odd - it is psychologically more convenient to start and end the ascent with the same foot;
the height of the fence should exceed the level of the center of gravity of a person, on average this parameter ranges from 90 to 120 cm;
fastening of the structure should be carried out directly to the load-bearing elements of the floor.

Manual calculation of stair parameters

Despite the many nuances and pitfalls that occur in the workflow, a winder staircase made of wood can not only be built on its own, but also be designed without the involvement of specialists. This does not require any special knowledge, everything you need to know is written in our article.

Ladder height

This parameter is the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor, that is, the thickness of the floor is also taken into account. Many forget about this, in a hurry to calculate the structure along the walls of the living quarters.

When choosing a slope, the minimum distance to the ceiling is taken into account

The distance from the steps to the ceiling is calculated according to the height of the person, on average this figure should not be lower than 190 cm, another 10 cm is added for ease of movement. Now this value can change up, but not down.

March length

The length of the future design consists of several points:

tilt angle;
step width;
number of steps;
the size of the landing.

And it’s worth starting with taking measurements from the space available under the stairs and later adjusting the project to the standards and norms.

Ladder width

The basis of all calculations is the convenience and safety of movement, a person should walk without clinging to the railing due to crowding and not being afraid to put his foot past the steps.

Regarding the width of the stairs, there are several recommendations:

the minimum size between handrails or other fences is 80-90 cm, in which case only one person can move. It is not possible to drag furniture along such a design;
the optimal size for stairs with winder steps is 100-125 cm. Two people can easily disperse, moving towards each other;
zones of comfortable movement are considered to be sizes from 125 m to 150 cm, when oncoming traffic is not hindered in any way.

Tilt angle

Another parameter responsible for the ease of use of the stairs, and there are criteria here:
1. If the design is too steep, then more living space is saved.
2. If the structure is flat, then the movement is more comfortable and safer.

For residential premises is in the range from 26 to 45 degrees. A steeper slope is considered traumatic and is used only for household and industrial purposes.

Number of steps

This indicator cannot be any specific and depends on the overall height of the structure and the height of the step. For example, if the floor height is 3 m, then dividing it by 15 cm - the average size of the riser - we get 20 steps.

Stair step (step depth)

The most important rule to remember is that the foot must be in full contact with the step, however, an error of a few centimeters is allowed to clarify the dimensions of the structure.

the minimum value is 100 mm, however, if you quickly climb or descend such a ladder, you can be injured;
the most suitable dimensions are from 200 to 300 mm, the movement does not make you tense up and look every time you put your foot down.

If you want to increase the width of the step, you can fix them with a small extension, but not more than 40 mm, so that you do not accidentally catch on when moving.

Online calculators

If there are difficulties with the self-calculation of winders for a wooden staircase, you can use these calculators for turns on and. The advantages of this design approach:

just specify the required dimensions, and you get a diagram with all the parameters without unnecessary divisions and multiplications;
the result can also be prepared in 3D, which will allow you to visually evaluate the design and simplify its manufacture.
specifying the materials, you will also receive a construction estimate.

materials

After the calculations have been completed, the project has been prepared, you should decide on the type of wood from which the staircase will be built. For such structures, it is best to use hardwoods that can withstand heavy loads, such as oak, ash, walnut and beech.

They are all roughly in the same density category, but differ in price and susceptibility to decay. So, the walnut does not have sufficient durability and has an average cost. Ash, on the other hand, is resistant to destruction, but also an order of magnitude higher in price. Pine is also suitable, but requires more careful processing.

Tools

The next stage is the preparation of the necessary tool for installation work:

electric drill;
electric jigsaw (you can get by with a hacksaw, but you will spend many times more time on the construction of the structure);
screwdriver;
a hammer;
roulette;
building level or plumb.

As fasteners, you can use nails, stainless steel screws and metal corners.

Fabrication and installation of the structure

Even at the stage of creating a drawing, you are faced with the question of what frame will underlie the stairs? In practice, products on stringers and bowstrings are considered the most popular - they are easy to install and practical to use.

Device diagram

Knots for connecting structural elements

Attaching the kosour to the floor

Design features:

when the running part is located directly at the base of the structure, the steps are mounted on the risers (if any) and on the support pillars;
if the running part is located in the middle and the transition angle is straight (90 or 180 degrees), the rotary treads are laid on the supporting beams. The beams themselves are installed at right angles. At the bend of the stairs, you can make a rounding with plywood, giving it a curved shape.

Consider both options for building a wooden staircase with winder steps with your own hands:

The assembly with the location of the steps on the bowstrings differs only in that they will be mounted between the base beams, and not on them, otherwise the sequence of actions is similar.

Marking stairs with a template