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How to build wooden floors with your own hands. Wooden floor in a private house. Installation technology of a wooden floor on logs How to install a wooden floor

The quality of the installation of a wooden floor on the logs depends on the correct formation of the base, the selection and processing of suitable materials, compliance with the instructions and the order of work. Successfully and tastefully made floor will please the owners with comfort and reliability.

Logs - wooden fragments, thin elongated shape, which are replaced under the finish coating for construction purposes. Material advantages:

thermal insulation, partial sound insulation;
additional load distribution on the base;
surface preparation for finishing screed;
creation of a ventilated floor, in the thickness of which it is possible to place communication systems.
increased strength. The floor can withstand loads up to 5 tons per 1 m;
relatively simplified installation;
work will be cheap.

Logs can be laid on a base of earth, it is advisable to make a cement screed before that, also on reinforced concrete or wooden floor slabs in multi-storey buildings.

Wooden floors. Beams are rarely produced absolutely even, so it is difficult to achieve a strictly horizontal surface during their laying. To simplify installation, they can be attached to the beams from the side. When attaching the supports in this way, there is no need to use a special lining that regulates the height of the log. The lags are fixed with incomplete screws with a length exceeding the section of the bars by more than 2-2.5 times, and with a diameter of 6 mm or more.

To prevent chips from forming on the tree during installation work, it is necessary to drill holes in the attachment points, 2-3 mm in size less than the width of the screws. If the boards need to be placed at a considerable distance, then the logs should be laid perpendicular to them and with a small step. The finish coating should be made of thick boards.

Concrete floors. To lay logs on concrete floors, you need to know the design features of the floor mounted in this way.

To exclude dampness of the floor, you need to make a full waterproofing. At the next stage, the insulation is laid, and, if necessary, soundproofing material. The insulating layers are finished with a floating cement screed.

Logs are placed on top of the concrete floor, which serve as the basis for the floor finish. The boards must have a length of more than 2 m. If the logs are shorter than required to completely cover the base, they must be joined at the ends. When connecting the lag, you need to pay attention so that the location of adjacent joints differs from the junctions of adjacent bars by at least 50 cm.

If the screed is not done, the waterproofing must still be laid. Logs should not be placed on a non-solid insulation, since an unreliable base will contribute to their constant movement, which over time will contribute to the destruction of the fine finish.

For the log, a rectangular section of the beam is used. The height should exceed the width by two or one and a half times. This type of section provides maximum ability to withstand heavy loads.

The most reliable material is oak. Flooring can be performed not only in a residential area, but also in an industrial building.
Siberian larch does not differ in strength from oak, but has important feature- resistance to decay. Thanks to the resins contained in it, it is possible to lay a wooden floor with this material even in a bathhouse. Larch is more expensive, so it is used less often.
Logs can be selected from inexpensive types of wood, for example, pine, fir or spruce.
Alder and aspen wood renders positive influence on health, therefore it is recommended to use it in the nursery.

Floor boards can be made from inexpensive wood species only in those rooms where the floor will not have to withstand regular, constant loads, since the wood is quite soft. On such a tree, traces of any mechanical damage may remain.

The type of wood must be selected, taking into account the floor covering and its purpose.

Top grade purchased when planned to leave flooring natural look.
For lacquer coatings, it is desirable to purchase a material of the first grade.
When painting, you can give preference to wood of the second grade.

To create reliable floors, wood of 2 or 3 grades with an approximate moisture content of 20% is usually sufficient.

Optimal Humidity wood - about 12-14%. If it is larger, you need to additionally dry the material, too high humidity can cause cracking.

Boards must be free of defects. so it is advisable to inspect the item before purchasing.

In order to avoid shortage of material, you need to buy 10-15% more material than it is supposed to be required.

So that the tree does not succumb to mold, is not susceptible to bugs, fungus, you need to treat the entire tree that will be under the floor with an antiseptic composition. Boards located on the underside require two-time processing. The composition is applied at intervals of 3-5 hours. It is recommended to purchase water-soluble preparations, since a brush or spray device is sufficient for their application.

The most famous antiseptics for wood are sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicon, and ammonium fluorosilicone.

The surface on which the lag is to be strengthened must be washed and thoroughly primed.
Wooden beams and beams must be dried, then treated with an antiseptic composition.
Soundproofing can be done using mineral insulation, foam or wood-shaving materials.
The gaps between the lags are not recommended to be more than 40-50 cm.
The surface of the log is measured to correspond to horizontal marks using a long level, which is placed across the beams. If there are no gaps between the beams and the level, then the work has been done correctly. In case of discrepancies, it is necessary to level the surface by changing the level of the substrate / anchors under a certain lag.
Logs should be installed perpendicular to the larger side of the room. The finishing board is placed at an angle of 90 ° to the logs. It is desirable to form the layout of materials so that the finish coating is installed parallel to the sun's rays, that is, with the long side towards the window.

The beams of the new sample are pre-drilled with threaded holes to simplify their installation. The lag can be adjusted by rotating the bolts, with the help of which the position of the beams is quickly changed. When the level is adjusted, the rest of the bolts are cut off. Montage pretty post:

fasteners are screwed into the production recesses on the logs. Up to 5-6 fasteners will be required for 2.5 meters of beam;
the lag is laid out, the distance between them is measured and leveled at the same time;
recesses are formed in the ceilings for fastenings for adjustable logs - dowel-nails;
the finishing coating is laid - boards made of wood.

Video - Adjustable lags

If the wood floor is properly installed, it will appearance delight in originality. Wood floor is not harmful environment and human health. There are other key benefits as well:

the floor surface is easily leveled;
the possibility of providing good thermal insulation qualities;
simple installation, which can be done quickly enough;
savings in material resources, compared with other options for arranging floors;
good sound insulation performance;
there is the possibility of placing communications under the floor.

For work you will need the following materials:

perforator;
laser or regular level;
electric saw;
drill;
screwdriver;
floor boards and logs;
insulating materials, among which waterproofing is necessarily present, and for residential premises and insulation;
hardware (anchors, screws, nails).

First, the optimal distance between the lags is calculated, then they are laid on a waterproofing material (film). In order for the surface to be even, a level must be used. Anchor bolts are used to attach the bars to concrete. For other bases, dowels can be used. To calculate the required bolt length, you need to add 6-8 cm to the cross section of the log.

Insulation can be laid out in rows between all the bars. Expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, isospan are sold in rolls or slabs with a fixed width, so the material must be selected before laying the log, mark their pitch in proportion to the parameters of the insulating material.

The floor of wooden boards is laid from the corner of the room. The first row should adjoin the wall with a gap of 1 cm. This distance is necessary to level out possible deformations of the tree under the influence of loads or temperature fluctuations.

The next row is shifted in comparison with the previous one by 2 positions. To make the boards fit as tightly as possible, you need to tap with a small hammer, which is applied to the side of the installed log.

When the boards are fixed on the walls, the fasteners must be placed on top. This will not affect the appearance, because the plinth will close their heads. In other cases, the boards are attached only to the bottom of the grooves. The screws, together with the caps, are placed behind the board, so they are successfully camouflaged.

Upon completion of the installation of the boards, it is necessary to install the skirting boards.

Installation of wooden floors can begin after the installation of all logs, checking their stability and compliance with the level.
The boards are fixed to the logs, not a single fastening should be skipped, as this may violate the integrity of the coating due to the loosening of the log.
During installation, it is necessary to place the joints of the boards on the middle part of the log.
To make the coating as reliable as possible, before fixing the boards with fasteners, tighten them with brackets using a construction stapler.
To avoid the formation of cracks from fasteners, small holes must be drilled in advance, a thin drill is used.
To mask the gaps, instead of the plinth, you can put a fillet.
To properly drill holes for pipes, you need to calculate their diameter, and then add about a centimeter to it.

It is necessary to get rid of irregularities on the floor boards, level the protrusions, level differences. You can use a grinder. With its help, it is easy to make the floor absolutely even, simply by walking the device over the entire surface. If there is no grinder, you can quickly remove all noticeable imperfections with large sandpaper, and then polish the base using fine-grained sandpaper.

For the floor, you need to apply a special coating that can increase its resistance to damage. Main varieties:

grinding;
impregnation with oil mixed with drying oil;
leaching with soda (treatment with a solution similar in consistency to an ointment);
parquet varnish;
painting;
wax mastic.

When impregnating, painting or varnishing is being applied, care must be taken to apply the coating with movements that are parallel to the grain of the wood. Then the inhomogeneity of the layer, which is formed by the shape of the movements of the roller or brush, will be smoothed out.

Following the technologies for arranging a wooden floor on logs will ensure its durability and aesthetic appeal. Compliance with the recommendations for choosing the material and preparing the base will ensure the reliability of the floor, the work can be done once for many years.

Not only the aesthetic appeal of the interior depends on which flooring you choose, but also how comfortable the conditions in it will be. It is also important that the floor is practical, has served for many years. Such requirements are met by wooden floors, but this material requires compliance with certain rules when laying. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Advantages of a wooden floor laid by hand:

aesthetic appeal of natural wood;
low thermal conductivity: wooden floors are very warm;
good sound insulation: wood absorbs noise;
long service life.

In order for all these advantages to be realized, it is necessary to purchase high-quality material for the floor, taking into account the operating conditions. The wood used is spruce, cedar, fir and pine, less often oak, alder and aspen. When choosing, pay great attention to its quality, paying attention to the following:

Only wood dried in compliance with the process technology is used in the work. Neither wet nor overdried is suitable: such material is deformed. In order not to be mistaken, it is better to purchase boards and bars only from trusted suppliers.
On the boards there should be no spots of "cyanosis", signs of rot, passages of pests, cracks and chips. Large knots may fall out over time: it is desirable that they be smaller.
Having determined the number of boards and beams necessary for work, you should add 10-15% of the stock.
For flooring, it is recommended to purchase boards with a length of at least 2 m.
It is important that all wood is from the same batch. In this case, all boards will be equally dried, and their colors will not differ much.
For flooring, it is recommended to choose grooved boards.

Types of wooden floors

The following types of flooring are made from solid wood and its materials:

solid wood board: a product with a two-sided tongue-and-groove joint, treated with oil, oil-wax or varnish at the factory;
solid parquet board: during installation, it is connected by the “thorn-groove” method on four sides, the thickness of the element is 18-25 mm, the length is within 0.5-2.0 m;
glued parquet board: it differs from solid parquet board only structurally, that is, it consists not of one, but of three layers of wood glued under high pressure(the top layer is a valuable breed);
piece and panel parquet.

Solid wood floor installation technology

Installation of a wooden floor on logs and beams

A plank floor is laid over the laid logs or over the floor beams. Features of a wooden warm floor, laid with your own hands, consist in observing the technology for any installation method.

Board preparation. Before proceeding with their installation, all wooden parts are treated on all sides with an antiseptic and flame retardant (fire-fighting agent).
Waterproofing: a waterproof material is laid over the base of the floor. For this, a thick polyethylene film (at least 50 microns) or penofol is used. The latter also has heat and sound insulation qualities.
Lag installation. Wooden bars with a section of 50 × 100 mm are laid on the base along a common horizontal level. For alignment, wooden wedges, pieces of plywood and roofing material are placed under the logs. The distance between the lags should not be more than 0.6 m for boards with a thickness of 30 mm, otherwise their deflection is possible. For boards of greater thickness, an increase in this distance is allowed. Be sure to lay logs near opposite walls, at a minimum distance from them. They fix the logs to the wooden base with nails, to the concrete one - with the help of anchor bolts. This method has a drawback - the height of the ceiling decreases.
How to insulate the floor with your own hands. Between the lags, mineral wool slabs, polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam are laid in a spacer, completely filling the space. These materials also act as soundproofing.
How to lay a wooden floor with your own hands. The boards are laid, retreating from the wall about 15 mm. Such a gap is necessary to compensate for thermal expansion, it is subsequently closed with a plinth. The boards are fastened with self-tapping screws to each lag, for which holes are pre-drilled with a thin drill. It is allowed to use nails: in this case, they are driven in from the side of the butt, having previously connected the adjacent boards with brackets.

Logs for wooden flooring

Important: before laying the boards must be kept indoors for at least three days. This is necessary so that the wood adapts to the operating conditions and the boards take their final form.

Installation of a wooden floor on a concrete floor

Laying a wooden plank floor over a perfectly even concrete base can be done without attaching a log. A step-by-step description of the technology will help to complete the work without errors.

Floor insulation with foam

The base is treated with a deep penetration primer. It "binds" small particles with concrete.
A primer mastic is applied over the concrete base or penofol (polyethylene foam) is laid. This layer is for waterproofing.
Boards or bars with a thickness of 40 mm are laid on the base parallel to each other, while not attaching them to the base. The distance between the bars is selected in proportion to the thickness of the flooring (from 0.4 to 0.65 m). Polished boards are distributed on them in such a way that the growth rings are directed in opposite directions. At the same time, the material is selected so that the gaps and differences in level are minimal. The boards are numbered starting from the wall.
Installation of boards also starts from the wall, while leaving a compensation gap. Fastening is carried out with nails, hammering them at an angle into the butt.
After the first board takes its place, stepping back from its edge 40-60 mm, brackets are hammered into the bars with a small gap. A thin rail is inserted into this gap, and then a wedge is driven between the rail and the bracket. Thus, the boards are tightly fitted to each other.
After fixing the boards with screws or nails, the brackets are dismantled. This is repeated when laying each next board. At the same time, it is important that the tongues are of good quality and allow you to make the right connection.
In order to make it easier to lay the edge board, the tongue is planed with a planer in the upper part and smeared with glue. They fasten the board with nails from the edge, which will subsequently be closed with a plinth.
The joints of the boards are puttied and processed with fine abrasive paper. Now the floor can be painted or laid on it with a decorative coating.

Boards are fastened with nails along the edges

In this way, a wooden floor is mounted in the garage. Do-it-yourself laying features in this case consist in the need for a high-quality waterproofing device using roofing material and bituminous mastic. Floorboards should be treated twice with an antiseptic.

Wooden floor in the garage

Necessary tools for laying a wooden floor with your own hands:

Circular Saw;
jigsaw;
electric drill with drills;
roulette;
level;
hammer;
screwdriver;
paint brush;
Sander;
sandpaper;
putty knife.

The same set will be needed for repairs according to the technology described below.

Wood floor repair

An old wooden floor can be put in order, after which it will last for many more years. Consider how to level a wooden floor with your own hands, how to eliminate creaking floorboards and other problems.

To determine how to repair the floor, you must first examine it. Places of strong deflection of the floorboards, worn (worn out) boards, rotten ones are determined. Using the level, we find out how even the floor is: for this, we apply the level in different places. The maximum deviation is 3 mm per linear meter at any point in the application.
We replace boards with signs of rot with new ones. Repair is allowed if the affected area is small and can be cut down with a chisel. In its place, a bar of appropriate sizes is attached with wood glue and self-tapping screws.
Boards with significant surface wear can be turned over if the surface quality of the back side permits.
In places of strong deflection, it is necessary to lay additional logs. To do this, you will have to dismantle the floorboards in whole or in part, and then re-lay them. Similarly, the creak of the floorboards is eliminated. You should also replace the nails with self-tapping screws.
Floor leveling is done with chipboard or USB boards. Plates with a thickness of 16 mm are used: they are laid in two layers so that the joints of the upper and lower plates do not coincide, but are shifted by half the dimension. The plates are attached to the boards with self-tapping screws around the perimeter, in the corners and in the center. For additional fixation, glue-mastic is used.
To align the joints, putty is applied to the wood, and then sanded.
Sanding (sanding) can update the surface of a wooden floor, eliminate small irregularities. Self-tapping screws and nails should not interfere with this process: they must first be driven deeper into the wood.
Small unevenness (up to 3 mm) can be achieved using special self-leveling self-levelling mortars for wooden floors.

Leveling the floor with USB plates

Tip: in order to properly level the wooden floor, first install beacons every 0.3 m. To do this, screw the screws to the required depth, applying a level to them. A marking cord is pulled between the screws.

How to treat a wooden floor

During operation, wood is exposed to aggressive factors. Microorganisms, insects, humidity, temperature changes, mechanical loads, chemicals destroy the floor. To extend the life of the coating, the following types of treatment are performed:

grinding with sandpaper P240, P280 (grain size - 40-63 mm);
soap gel leaching;
treatment with a mixture of vegetable oil and drying oil;
painting, waxing or varnishing.

Floor waxing

Apply a protective agent along the fibers of the floorboards. This promotes better absorption, and smears will be less noticeable.

The device of a wooden floor in the bath

The main condition for the floor in the bath is that the minimum thickness of the board should be 30 mm. The following types of wood are used for flooring.

Larch: this material is the best for rooms with high humidity. Larch wood releases resin, which in a humid environment turns into a polymer, as a result of which the rotting process does not occur.
Oak: boards made of this material are used for leaky floors. The disadvantage of oak is its high cost.
Pine: A material with low rot resistance due to the resin that is heavily impregnated into the fibres. Suitable for flooring only in the dressing room.
Aspen and Linden: The wood is highly durable, but is recommended for wall and ceiling upholstery.

Tip: in the steam room area, larch flooring and logs will last longer. This material is the most resistant to the conditions of the bath room.

Wooden floor device technology: general requirements

In order for the floor in the bath to serve for a long time and be comfortable, it is necessary to take into account the following rules when installing it:

flooring should be built from boards;
the flow of water should occur over the entire surface of the flooring;
the septic tank should be no closer than 4 m from the bath.

The organization of water flow can be done at the expense of the underground: a structure is constructed in it with a slope that allows water to be diverted to the side. In addition, it must be provided natural ventilation underground space.

Do-it-yourself wooden floor in the bath: step by step instructions

Leaking larch structure floor

The floor in the bath can be leaky or sealed.
The flooring device in the first case assumes the presence of gaps between the floorboards, sufficient for the functioning of the leaking floor. The optimal gap width is 3-5 mm. In order to maintain such a gap, spacer crosses for ceramic tiles are used during the laying of boards.
Nails are not used to fasten boards. Self-tapping screws are best (they do not come out of the boards over time). In order to protect the self-tapping screws from corrosion, the holes drilled for them should be filled with sealant. The head of the self-tapping screw must be completely recessed into the floorboard and closed on top with sealant.
In order for the boards of the leaking floor to be easily dismantled and dried, they are not fixed during installation, but are placed in recesses specially cut in the logs.
A non-leaking floor is mounted from boards laid in two rows. The top row is assembled without gaps from tongue-and-groove softwood boards. For the bottom row, a croaker is suitable. All wood is treated with an antiseptic.
If it is necessary to insulate the floor, extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene is used, from below and above which waterproofing material is laid.

The floor in the bath can be built on a solid strip foundation or on a pile. In the latter case, the logs are mounted on top of the grillage, and then the floorboards are attached.

How to lay laminate flooring: a quick guide

Laying laminate on a wooden floor with your own hands is done after leveling the base. Level differences should not exceed 2 mm per linear meter at any point of application of the rule with a spirit level. The alignment technology is described above. The sequence of actions for installing a laminate is as follows:

The gap between the laminate and the wall is covered with a plinth

The base is thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust. Foreign particles must not enter the key joint.
The substrate is made of cork or polyethylene foam. The thickness of the underlay is selected depending on the quality of the subfloor surface. The joints of the sheets of the substrate are glued with adhesive tape.
Installation of laminate panels is carried out along the direction of propagation of sunlight: this way the lines of joints of the coating elements will be less visible. The first row is laid with a “thorn” against the wall, in the direction from left to right.
The second row should start from half of the whole panel in order to respect the offset of the elements. This is necessary so that the lines of joints in the rows along the width of the panels do not match.
Panels are connected using tongue-and-groove locks. To do this, it is necessary to join the panels with the corresponding sides at an angle, and then align them with a light pressure from above. A characteristic click indicates that the connection is made correctly.
The last element in the row (closest to the wall) is placed in place by tamping with a hammer and a special bar or using a mount. In the latter case, the tool is used as a lever, resting it against the wall and pushing the panel into the key connection. The last row in the room is laid in the same way.

Important: along the walls around the entire perimeter of the room there should be a compensation gap - 5-8 mm. Subsequently, it will be closed with a plinth.

Laying parquet board

Similarly, the installation of parquet boards.

Block parquet is laid with glue and screeds on a prepared base made of moisture-resistant chipboard or plywood.

Installation of ceramic tiles on a wooden floor

Combining ceramics with wood is not desirable for several reasons:

tiles are cold material, and wood is warm;
the service life of wood (even treated with an antiseptic) is less than that of ceramics;
the tile prevents the wood from "breathing", which may cause mold;
the plank floor is not a rigid structure, even slight movements can lead to a break in the connection with the tile.

However, if the design of the room requires the use of ceramics, you should know how to lay tiles on a wooden floor with your own hands. Several rules must be followed.

The mastic is applied with a notched trowel over the entire area of contact with the tile.

The base must be as strong, flat and rigid as possible. To do this, the floor is leveled using two layers of USB plates or moisture-resistant plywood 12-16 mm thick.
The base of wood must be cleaned of dust and treated twice with an antiseptic.
For laying tiles, a special mastic is used. It is applied with a notched trowel to the base, after which the tile is pressed tightly to the floor.
Seams between tiles are filled with elastic grout.

The tile is pressed for a few seconds

Important: use a cement-sand mixture for laying tiles on wooden base it is forbidden. The glue must compensate for the instability of the wood: only mastic glue meets this requirement.

At the end of the article - a visual aid on how to lay a wooden floor with your own hands (video with explanations of the master).

Let's consider the device of wooden floors on logs. The floor, which is made of wood, is considered the best, it is not only environmentally friendly, but also helps to create a favorable microclimate in the room. Also, a well-made floor will be an excellent decoration not only for the room, but for the house as a whole.

There are many ways of flooring, but when tongue-and-groove floorboards appeared on the market, wooden floors on logs found their second life and begin to take a leading position among other coatings. With adjustable floors, you will have many additional options for improving your floor, as well as the choice of flooring. Which can be any material. Also, the adjustable design is quite reliable and there is no point in worrying about it.

The peculiarity of the subfloor on wooden logs will be its laying on the base, which must be prepared in advance. Logs are distributed throughout the room at a certain interval, in which insulation and sound insulation can be laid. As a heater most often. It will also play the role of a good soundproofing material, and will simply carry out its main function of floor insulation with distinction.

Boards are laid on the logs. They can be both a rough base for flooring, and perfectly play the role of a finishing coating. Also, with the help of wooden floors, you can even out crooked flooded concrete base. The device of wooden floors basically differs from each other only in the types of foundation.

Types and types of bases for wooden floors

open ground

If the floors are planned to be located above open ground, then it is necessary to erect brick columns. It is on these columns that the lags will be laid in the future. Be sure to lay a piece of roofing material between the lag and the pillar. It will serve as a waterproofing agent. From below, on the logs, you need to fill the draft board and lay the insulation in the resulting gaps. The height of the floor from the ground must be at least twenty centimeters, otherwise dampness will be felt in the room.

It is also necessary to make fragrances in the foundation - holes that serve to ventilate the underground space. Ventilation is important, because when dampness appears, everything wooden floors may be affected by the fungus. In addition to the fungus, there are also many diseases for the tree that destroy it. If you want your floor to last a long time, which will prevent the appearance of fungal diseases.

Logs are laid with an interval of 90 to 110 centimeters. The laying step will be affected by the thickness or stiffness of its rib. As a log, you can use a simple board, the thickness of which will be at least four centimeters and which is installed only on the edge.

Reinforced concrete floors

If you want to level the floor in the apartment with the help of logs and wooden flooring, then be sure to put a polyethylene foam underlay under the logs. It will serve not only as a heat insulator, but also as a sound insulator. Between the lags, you can lay a heater - mineral wool, which will make your floor the warmest.

Logs are laid based on the width of the layers of insulation. It is necessary that the insulation fit as tightly as possible - this will give the greatest effect.

Ceilings in the form of wooden beams

Most often in houses the main floor is wooden rectangular beams. Floors can be laid directly on them, and the gaps between the beams can also be more carefully insulated. This is done in several ways, but if the distance between the beams is more than one meter, you need to lay the transverse logs and lay the flooring from the board only on additional logs.

Before you start laying the floor on the logs, you need to take into account some features and follow some rules:

logs must be laid across the direction of light;
all elements of the log must be laid across the doorway in narrow rooms: foyer, corridor, hallway;
lay a soundproof layer on the base, otherwise the neighbors below will hear your every step. Even a polyethylene foam lining will do;
be sure to observe the technological gap between the floor and walls;

Installation of adjustable draft floors

When installing a subfloor, you also need to take into account several features. Be sure to note: . Assess what kind of repair needs to be done. If the soil has sunk under the screed and it is skewed, it is necessary to install logs accordingly, which will be able to be adjusted.

Also, as a rough flooring, you can make a plywood floor, which can also be used to adjust the level. These methods are used in old buildings where it is not possible to pour the screed, since the ceilings are not reliable and may not withstand heavy loads.

Adjustable lags and their device

When installing a wooden adjustable floor, logs are first installed, which will rest on the base with bolts. These bolts will play the role of racks with which you can easily raise and lower the level of your floor, as well as level the floor. To do this, simply use the wrench to start unscrewing or tightening the bolts - there is nothing complicated here. Before starting work, check the condition of the screed. If cracks have gone in it, or it has potholes, then it is necessary to produce in without fail repair.

If you want to use plywood as a subfloor, then you can not use the logs at all, and insert special bushings into the plywood, into which I will wrap the bolts. Thus, it will not be the lags that will be regulated, but the rough coating, which will stand directly on the concrete floors. The design looks something like a table with legs. With the help of these bolts, you can easily raise and lower the required floor level.

Video on how to level the floors in the apartment using a log

It is wooden floors that are now very popular and in demand. They have a high aesthetic appeal and absolute safety from the environmental side. They are very easy to work with: they are easy to stack and dismantle. The main thing is that everything is done quickly, and in the end you get a beautiful and perfect floor that looks great in private houses and, of course, in apartments.

The overwhelming majority of sexes, both in private and in apartment buildings, made of wood. The support for a multi-layered, pie-like, wood structure is most often logs. Logs are long bars made of wood (less often of metal and reinforced concrete), laid out transversely to the finishing flooring, serving as its solid foundation. This design is installed as a monolithic concrete floor, and on supporting posts and beams. The device of floors on wooden logs is very profitable due to the relatively low price of materials and ease of installation.

Advantages of flooring on logs

Logs installed as a support on a wooden floor are very functional. In addition to their direct duties, they also:

create a uniform load on the ground in a private house and overlap (if the floor is laid in an apartment building);
level the surface under the coating (adjustable floors with your own hands can be raised or lowered to create a perfectly flat surface, regardless of the initial parameters of the room);
create a free, ventilated space between the ceiling and the floor, in which communications that are undesirable for public viewing can be hidden;
increase the sound insulation of the room;
facilitate the process of floor insulation.

In addition, individual lag bars, if necessary, can be easily replaced without spending money on large-scale repairs in the house.

Structural features of the floor on the logs

The device of the finished wooden floor on the logs is somewhat reminiscent of a multilayer cake, in which it is necessary to lay boards, logs, a waterproofing layer, insulation, and a floor finish on top of the overlap with layers.

The device of the floor on the logs involves the laying of waterproofing and insulation

At the same time, regardless of the type of overlap, the insulated floor pie includes additional elements:

a layer of waterproofing between the ceiling and the lags;
log bars;
subfloor (preference is given to plywood boards);
waterproofing insulation coating;
the insulation and vapor barrier itself;
boards - finishing coating.

This design of floors on logs is relevant for the first floors in private houses. All subsequent floors do not need such serious insulation; in this case, the installation of a waterproofing layer of the cake is only necessary in direct contact with concrete and brick.

It is necessary to insulate the floors of the first floors and concrete or brick bases

Self-manufacturing technology of logs and selection of wood

Lags can be purchased at the store, or you can make your own. The second option is relatively cheaper. Wood with a moisture content of no more than 15-17% of the 2nd or third grade is best suited for these purposes. Logs can be made from pine, fir, spruce, aspen and larch.

If you make logs with your own hands, keep in mind that the cross section of the beam should be rectangular in shape. The height is approximately twice the width. Right size it turns out based on the parameters of the room, to be more precise: based on the exact distance between the links of the strapping from the timber.

The size of the bars depends on the distance between the strapping links

In addition, it is imperative to take into account the thickness of the insulation layer and the size of the spans.. In the illustration you can see approximate calculations with laying the log at a distance of 70 cm from each other.

If your room has an intermediate size between the indicated values, it is worth taking a larger value as a basis. So you will have some stock of material, which will allow you to lay it without gaps and make the structure more durable.

To make a wooden floor with your own hands, you can use both edged and tongue-and-groove boards. The second option is much more preferable, because its device involves a groove and a spike, therefore, the installation of a fine finish coating is no longer so relevant.

It is preferable to use tongue-and-groove boards thanks to the tenon-groove system

Cedar, larch, spruce, aspen and pine floorboards can be used. The most expensive and durable materials are oak and pine wood: provided that the installation is carried out correctly, they will last for several decades. In turn, larch is great for rooms with high humidity, because it is not subject to decay, and healthy aspen and alder boards are great for sleeping rooms.

Oak and pine boards will last a long time

If you purchase first-class floorboards, you can not spend money on the final flooring, but at the final stage, just sand the boards and open with varnish.

The main thing is that before laying, be sure to treat the boards with antiseptic antifungal drugs and soak them with a water-repellent compound.

If you install a wooden floor with your own hands, be careful about the choice of wood: the boards should be dry, but not overdried. Wet wood after drying and under the pressure of furniture can be deformed. Always buy boards with a margin of 15-20% in case of need for trimming, mistakes and scrap.

How to independently calculate the required distance between the lags?

When you install the floor on the logs, follow the rule: the thicker the floor board, the wider the installation and the farther apart the logs are.

For example, for a board whose size is 5 cm, you can take a step (the distance between the lags) of one and a half meters.

If you are using thin boards, you can take a small step so that there is no deflection of the board. The most frequent step length between lags is 50-70 cm.

The distance between the lags is most often 50-70 cm

Also keep in mind that you will need additional distance to make it convenient to lay the insulation inside. If the base size does not match the values in the table, then it is calculated upwards.

Basic rules for installing a lag

When installing the log yourself, you should strictly follow the following rules:

Installation of wooden logs for the floor

Wood is a floor covering that has been tested by time and centuries of experience. Laid correctly, it can serve for decades and not lose its visual appeal. In addition, it is the most environmentally friendly, "breathing" floor, guaranteeing a high degree of heat and sound insulation of the premises, both private and apartment building.

Wooden floor construction along the lags

To make the laying of the wooden floor on the logs quick and comfortable, you will need the following tools: a level, a puncher, a saw and an ax, a hammer, a nail puller, a drill, a screwdriver and keys. As well as the following materials: floorboards (sometimes the role of the subfloor is assigned to plywood boards), logs, insulation material, fasteners (anchor bolts, self-tapping screws and nails).

If all the necessary materials for installation are available, you can start laying the log on top of the soundproofing material. As already mentioned, the surface must be leveled by checking its horizontalness with a building level. Boards are attached to the logs with dowels.

Now it is worth considering in more detail the entire technology of flooring on logs in a private house.

First step - markup working area and ground preparation. First, you should compact the soil and fix the formwork with ten-centimeter sides. A reinforced mesh is laid on the bottom and then the concrete mixture is poured. For the concrete to dry, you need to wait a couple of days. After that, a waterproofing polyethylene film is laid on top of the concrete floor, and then the supporting structures are built.

If the floor is cold, the space that remains under it after its construction must be covered with sand or expanded clay (do not fill up to the top, you need to leave about 5 cm of free space).

You can insulate the floor with expanded clay

The second step will be to work to ensure normal ventilation of the space under the floors.. For these purposes, small holes are made along the perimeter of the plinth (for every 15 sq.m), which, in order to prevent mice from entering the house, are closed with a non-ferrous metal mesh.

The next step is floor insulation.. For these purposes, expanded polystyrene, isospan or heat-insulating roll material. This material is laid on the waterproofing layer of isolon, which is attached to the logs in advance with the help of an industrial stapler.

After laying the insulation, you can proceed to laying the boardwalk over the log. Installation must begin from the corner of the room. The boards are screwed directly to the joists using self-tapping screws.

Scheme of the device of a wooden floor

If the boards are processed and well sanded, they can play the role of a finishing, fine flooring. If a finishing layer is expected (laminate, parquet, linoleum, etc.), you can start laying it immediately after finishing work with fastening the boards to the logs.

Thus, the installation of a floor on logs made of wood has many advantages over laying the floor directly on top of a concrete or ground floor. In addition to the fact that it smooths out all the unevenness of the floors and distributes the load evenly, it also perfectly insulates the home and contributes to noise absorption.

Now it has become relevant to equip your homes wooden coating. Firstly, it looks very presentable, and, secondly, such floors are environmentally friendly. But in order to make the installation of a wooden floor on logs, you need to know the whole device thoroughly. Only then will a really high-quality result be obtained.

The lags are special wooden blocks, which fit on the main floor. After their installation, the floor covering is installed. Thanks to the development modern technologies, exists huge selection materials that equip such a floor. Do-it-yourself wooden flooring is best suited for owners of private houses.

Performance characteristics

If there are doubts about this floor option, then its strengths should dispel them:

this design has good stability;
this base is not afraid of mechanical stress, which makes it possible to furnish the room with natural wood furniture, but it is not light;
the service life of such a floor device is quite long;
in case of an unpleasant situation, when one of the sections is damaged, it is possible to replace it without completely dismantling the entire coating;
wood is the most environmentally friendly building material;
the tree has a good ability to retain heat, which means that in winter such floors will always be warm, and this is especially important for families with small children.

For those who are fond of bioenergy sciences, it will be useful to know that wood always carries a positive charge of energy.

If, nevertheless, the choice fell on this option of floors, then you can easily do without the help of masters, and do everything yourself. But it should be noted right away that it will take a lot of time to create such a design, since by skipping at least one stage, you can dramatically change the quality of the product for the worse.

Material preparation

The equipment of wooden floors on logs first of all begins with the preparation of tools and consumables. What can't be done without:

floorboards;
insulating material;
substrates;
fasteners: nails, screws, bolts.

Tool preparation

As for the tools, you must have at hand:

screwdriver;
axe;
drill;
a jigsaw, and in the absence of it, an ordinary saw is also suitable;
perforator;
level.

Wooden floor construction

If everything is ready, then you can familiarize yourself with the stages of the upcoming work.

Staged work

Installation of a wooden floor on logs has the following basic steps:

Setting up a lag.
Creation of thermal insulation.
Laying boards.

Of course, each stage has many nuances. But more detailed instructions workflow looks like this:

The moment of preparation includes cleaning the base of any debris. Further, before working with lags, it is necessary to cover the floor with a plastic film (2 mm thick), which will serve as a waterproofing substrate. Such a coating will create obstacles to the penetration of moisture. Pieces of material are laid in such a way that the edges overlap each other by about 0.1 m. It should also be ensured reliable waterproofing joints, for which it is necessary to process them with construction tape. To completely get rid of problems with moisture, the film should capture the first 10 centimeters of the bottom of the walls.

Also at the preparation stage, you need to take care of the processing of the lag. Since the bars are wooden, special coatings are indispensable. Otherwise, the wood will begin to break down due to various influences, and there is also a risk of rotting, which provokes the appearance of mold and fungus. To avoid such unpleasant situations, antiseptic agents are used that increase the life of the surface.

Directions for placing lags and ceilings

The installation of the log is carried out in increments of half a meter, while keeping to a parallel direction with the windows. This interval allows you to create a solid structure. Using the building level, it is necessary to control the evenness of the laying, especially if the work is done by hand without the supervision of specialists. Very often, to adjust the linearity of the structure, fiberboard blanks are used, which are knocked under the logs.

An important point is the presence of gaps between the walls and elements, which should be 1.2-3 cm. This makes it possible, subsequently, for the product to change its dimensions, because this process is simply inevitable due to temperature changes. To fix the logs to the base, self-tapping screws are used. Here it should be noted that the fasteners must have a length exceeding the base of the bar by about 5 cm.

A heat-insulating layer is required in cases where work is carried out in rooms on the ground floor. In other cases, optional. Mineral wool on a basalt basis or glass wool is best suited for such purposes. Expanded polystyrene is also used. The laying of these materials does not go on top of the structure, but between the elements. As an alternative, you can simply fill the spatial voids with expanded clay.
At the very end is the installation of boards. You can also use plywood sheets for this purpose. It all depends on the finish. For those who do such work for the first time, it is best to use milling boards, since their ends have special joints called “tongue and groove”. It is very important to know that if the subfloor was not initially treated for unevenness or distortions were made during the installation of the lag structure, this will lead to a loose connection of the boards. This same defect will lead to the fact that the boards will begin to sag.

Wooden floor installation

You should immediately know that if ordinary boards are purchased, then before laying them, they are carefully polished. With the help of these materials, a finishing floor will be created, which is another “layer” that gives strength to the entire structure as a whole. In addition, the finishing flooring will lay down on such an even coating much easier, and most importantly, better.

The last coating must be started from the corner of the room, while there should be a distance of 1 cm between the wall and the material. This is done in order to compensate for the shift of the boards during installation. Experts note that each subsequent row should be shifted in relation to the previous one. Why do it? With such laying, in the future, the same load will go to each point of the floor, and this, in turn, will protect the floor from deformation and extend its service life.

The most interesting thing is that the wooden floor on the logs is an excellent base for any material, from linoleum to tile. Not only that, thanks to the boards, additional alignment is created, they also serve as a kind of insulation.

If all the stages of installing a wooden floor on the logs were performed correctly, in accordance with the instructions, then such a surface will last for decades, delighting its owner and other inhabitants of the house.

If a beginner takes on the job, then it will not be superfluous for him to know a few recommendations that will slightly help facilitate the whole process:

Wood flooring is perpendicular to the light

If you lay the bases of wooden bars perpendicular to the sun's rays that come from window openings, you can achieve a more aesthetic perception of wooden flooring.
There are areas of the floor in the room that will be most stressed, such as door or window openings, as well as a seating area or the place where the child's bed is located. For such points, the lags need to cross all the paths of a person, while the floorboards are laid so that their location is longitudinal along the path.
If the owner of an apartment in a multi-storey building decided to make such a floor option, then it would not be out of place to think about sound insulation, for which special material is placed between the lag.
Between the surface of the walls and the wooden beams themselves, it is necessary to leave a distance of 30 mm.
If the wooden floor on the logs will be tiled in the future ceramic tiles, then you should remember about its weight. Therefore, in this embodiment, the logs go in increments of no more than 30 cm, in addition, the entire structure is additionally strengthened with plywood sheets or drywall boards. They are mounted on top of the subfloor.
If it is necessary to give higher rigidity to the product, wooden bars are laid according to the type of grid, where the distance between them can reach up to 100 cm. Such a floor device is intended for finishing with a laminate.
As for the parquet, as the final flooring, for him the most the best option there will still be adjustable lags. This option will achieve good ventilation"layers", and the horizontal level will be perfect.

In fact, it is best to work in the warm season. Before proceeding with the installation of structures, it is necessary that the material lie down for a couple of days in the working room, so to speak, so that it is “saturated” with the surrounding atmosphere.

If there is no confidence in the independent construction of a wooden floor on the logs, but the desire to do everything with your own hands remains, then it is better to invite a specialist, under whose supervision the whole process will be carried out. First, it will avoid blunders and, secondly, already at the initial stages there will be an opportunity to correct their actions.