Rules for storing flammable substances in production. Production using LVZH and GZH. II. General requirements

6.26. In flammable and flammable liquid warehouses that are part of enterprises (industrial, transport, etc.), standards for storing petroleum products and fire safety requirements for premises associated with the storage and distribution of petroleum products, as well as for fire breaks, are regulated by current SNiP.

6.27. Open warehouses of flammable liquids and flammable liquids should be located on sites with a lower elevation relative to industrial buildings and territories of populated areas.

Tanks must have fences (embankments) to prevent the spread of liquids in the event of an accident. Petroleum product warehouses located on fenced areas of enterprises should not have a separate fence.

6.28. The territory of the flammable and flammable liquids warehouse must be level, compacted, sprinkled with sand, fenced, have external lighting and be kept clean. Places where liquids have been spilled should be covered with sand.

6.29. To prevent exposure to solar radiation, above-ground and buried containers with petroleum products are painted with light paint.

6.30. Each container must be marked with the type of product, the type of container and maximum level filling. The results of inspection of tanks and other equipment of flammable liquid and flammable liquid warehouses must be recorded in a special journal. It is prohibited to operate tanks with stains, leaks or through holes.

6.31. The earthen embankment and fencing must always be in good condition. The areas inside the embankment must be leveled, sanded and kept clean. Damage to embankments and walkways should be repaired immediately.

6.32. When inspecting tanks, taking samples or measuring liquid levels, devices should be used to prevent sparking from impacts. The serviceability of lightning rods and grounding devices must be monitored and checked for ohmic resistance once a year (in summer when the soil is dry). Fire arresters must be checked at air temperatures above zero at least once a month, and at temperatures below zero - at least twice a month.

6.33. Repair work on tanks should be carried out only after the tank has been completely emptied of liquid, the pipeline has been disconnected from it, all hatches have been opened, thoroughly cleaned (steaming and washing), air samples have been taken from the tank and analyzed for the absence of explosive concentrations.

6.34. When loading, it is not allowed to overfill containers with petroleum products.

When loading and draining flammable liquids and gases, maintenance personnel must take precautions when connecting hoses and other devices to fuel tanks. When filling, the hose tip should be lowered to the bottom of the tank. It is strictly forbidden to pour flammable liquids and gases into reservoirs, cisterns and other containers with a free-falling stream. The tool used during the draining and filling operation must be made of metal that does not produce sparks when struck.

6.35. For local lighting during loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to use explosion-proof battery lights.

6.36. Drain and fill pipelines and risers must be regularly inspected and preventive maintenance. Leaks found in drainage and filling devices must be repaired immediately. If it is impossible to immediately eliminate the leak, the faulty part of the drainage device must be disconnected.

6.37. In the premises of pumping stations, constant supervision of the tightness of pumps and pipelines must be carried out; their diagrams must be posted in designated places. Leaks in pump seals and pipeline connections must be repaired immediately.

Before pumping stations start operating, supply and exhaust ventilation must be turned on.

6.38. Repairs of electrical equipment, electrical networks, and replacement of electric lamps are permitted only when the power supply is turned off.

6.39. Flammable liquids and flammable liquids in containers should be stored in buildings (storages), under canopies and in open areas that have lower ground levels than those of production workshops and populated areas.

The sites must have fences (embankments) to prevent the spread of liquid in the event of an accident.

6.40. flammable liquids and gas liquids should be stored only in serviceable containers. The barrels must be placed in storage carefully, avoiding hitting each other, and always with the plugs facing up.

6.41. For bottling flammable liquids and gases, an isolated area (room) must be provided, equipped with appropriate devices for performing these works.

6.42. On the territory of flammable liquids and flammable liquids warehouses it is prohibited:

Cars, tractors and other vehicles that are not equipped with special spark arresters, fire extinguishing equipment and do not have grounding devices can enter;

Smoking, as well as using open fire to illuminate and warm frozen or solidified petroleum products, parts of shut-off valves, pipelines, etc. They should only be heated with steam. hot water or heated sand.

The design bureau of the OZRM plant, in collaboration with the design institute PrivolzhskNIPIneft LLC, carries out:
Design of warehouses for flammable liquids, flammable liquids, taking into account the wishes of the customer and the conditions of the facility location.

The project for the construction of a warehouse for flammable liquids of flammable liquids consists of a design (stage P), working documentation (stage RD) and special sections:

• labor protection and production management of the flammable liquid warehouse,
• estimates and organization of construction of a flammable liquid warehouse,
• ITM of civil defense, measures to prevent emergency situations at the flammable liquids warehouse,
• security environment, assessment of the environmental impact of designed and existing facilities;
• performing calculations and developing standards for maximum permissible emissions (discharges) of pollutants into the environment, waste disposal;

We also carry out:

• automation of the flammable liquids warehouse (APCS of the flammable liquids warehouse);
• performing the functions of a general designer of a flammable liquid warehouse;
• author's supervision;
• engineering services.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID (FLAMMABLE LIQUID)- flammable liquid with a flash point not exceeding 61°C in a closed crucible or 66°C in an open crucible.

Particularly dangerous flammable liquid– liquid with a flash point not exceeding 28°C (for example: acetone; various brands of gasoline; diethyl ether; etc.). A characteristic feature of a particularly dangerous flammable liquid is its high saturated vapor pressure at normal storage temperatures. If the seal of the vessel is broken, the vapors of this liquid can spread and ignite at a considerable distance from the vessel. These features determine additional requirements for the storage, transportation and use of especially dangerous flammable liquids. A flammable liquid with a flash point above 28°C and up to 61°C in a closed crucible or up to 66°C in an open crucible is dangerous at elevated air temperatures or if the liquid is heated. At room temperature this liquid ignites only when directly exposed to an ignition source. Typical representatives of such flammable liquids are: white spirit; kerosene; solvent; turpentine; and so on.

Liquid with a flash point of St. 61 °C in a closed crucible or 66 °C in an open crucible refers to GJ. A mixture of flammable liquid vapors with air at concentrations between the LEL and VKPR is explosive.

SAFETY RULES FOR STORES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (FLLIDS) UNDER PRESSURE. PB 09-566-03

Safety rules for warehouses of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and flammable liquids under pressure (PB 09-566-03) are printed according to the official text published in Rossiyskaya Gazeta dated June 21, 2003 No. 120/1 (3234/1).

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. These Safety Rules for warehouses of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and flammable liquids under pressure (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) establish requirements, compliance with which ensures industrial safety, and are aimed at preventing accidents and industrial injuries in warehouses of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and flammable liquids under pressure.

1.3. The rules are intended to apply:
a) during the design, construction, operation, expansion, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of warehouses for flammable liquids under pressure;
b) in the manufacture, installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of technical devices used in warehouses for flammable liquids under pressure;
c) during the design, operation, conservation and liquidation of buildings and structures at hazardous production facilities, warehouses of flammable liquids under pressure;
d) when conducting an industrial safety examination of hazardous production facilities, warehouses of flammable liquids under pressure.

II. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. The construction of warehouses for flammable liquids (flammable liquids), unloading racks, tanks (vessels) for their storage must comply with the requirements of standards, construction and fire safety codes, normative and technical documentation approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

The rules apply to flammable liquid storage facilities that have a saturated vapor pressure above 0.094 MPa (700 mm Hg) at a temperature of 293.15 K (20 °C).

4.5. The total capacity of the intermediate storage tanks for flammable liquids under pressure is no more than 6000 m3 with the maximum capacity of one tank not exceeding 600 m3.

4.6. The total capacity of one commodity and (or) raw material warehouse of flammable liquids should not exceed the values ​​​​specified in table. 1 applications 1.

4.7. The capacity of the flammable liquid storage tanks is determined based on the physico-chemical characteristics of the technological environment and justification for the energy stability of the technological unit (system).

4.9. When storing flammable liquids and flammable liquids in one warehouse (park), the total quantity of flammable liquids and flammable liquids should not exceed the total capacity of the park. In this case, 1 m3 of LPG and flammable liquid under pressure is equivalent to 5 m3 of flammable liquid and 25 m3 of gas.

V. LOCATION OF WAREHOUSES (PARKS) LVZH

5.1. The design and placement of flammable liquid warehouses, territory planning, space-planning solutions for buildings and structures included in the warehouse must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the General Explosion Safety Rules for explosion-hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries, approved by Resolution of the State Mining and Technical Supervision of Russia dated 05.05.03 No. 29 , registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated May 15, 2003 No. 4537, building codes and regulations, technological design standards, as well as departmental standards and these Rules.

5.2. The selection of a site for the construction of flammable liquid warehouses should be made taking into account compliance with fire and sanitary gaps to the buildings and structures surrounding the warehouse, as well as an assessment of the environmental and social consequences of the project.

5.3. Warehouses should be located outside the residential areas of populated areas, mainly on the leeward side for winds of the prevailing direction in relation to residential areas.

The design and placement of flammable liquid warehouses near the banks of rivers and other bodies of water must be agreed upon with the relevant supervisory authorities in the prescribed manner.

Development sites should be located, as a rule, downstream of the river settlements, piers, river stations, hydroelectric power stations, ship repair and shipbuilding organizations, bridges, etc. structures at a distance of at least 300 m from them, unless a greater distance is required from these objects by the regulatory documents in force for their design.

In the case of designing reservoirs along the river above the specified structures, the warehouse facilities must be located at a distance of at least 3000 m from them and be equipped with means of warning, communication and localization of emergency situations.

5.4. The structures of flammable liquid warehouses should be located primarily at lower levels in relation to the territory of neighboring settlements, organizations, and railway tracks of the general network.

When placing warehouses on sites that have higher levels compared to the elevations of the territory of neighboring settlements, organizations and railway tracks of the general network, located at a distance of up to 300 m from the tanks, measures must be provided, agreed upon with the relevant federal supervisory authorities (second embankment , emergency earthen barns, diversion channels, trenches, etc.), to prevent liquid spills on the territory of a populated area, organization or railway tracks of a common network.

5.5. Warehouses of flammable liquids and flammable liquids should primarily be located on one side of the organization’s production zone on the leeward side of the winds of the prevailing direction (according to the annual wind rose).

5.6. On the territory of flammable and flammable liquids warehouses, a wind direction indicator (vane) must be installed, clearly visible from the control room.

5.7. The territory of flammable and flammable liquids warehouses must have at least two vehicle exits onto the roads of the general network, equipped with automatic barriers, traffic lights and sirens.

5.8. Car roads on the territory of warehouses, flammable and flammable liquids are arranged with curbs (sidewalks) and must belong to category 3. The network of roads and passages for fire-fighting purposes must be circular. In flammable and combustible liquid warehouses with underground tanks, an additional category 3 road with shoulders (sidewalks) must be built between groups of warehouse tanks and other buildings and structures of the warehouse.

Bridges at the entrances and internal roads of flammable liquid and flammable liquid warehouses must be made of fireproof materials.

5.9. The intersection of railway tracks leading to the warehouse with external roads is recommended to be carried out at different levels.

5.10. In the area adjacent to the flammable liquid storage facility, it is permitted to plant individual deciduous trees at a distance of no closer than 5 m from the embankment and no closer than 20 m from isothermal tanks.

5.13. Tanks in warehouses (parks) of flammable liquids under pressure should not be placed in the same group.

5.15. Groups and blocks of tanks for flammable liquids under pressure, depending on the type of tank and location, must have a total capacity in units of volume according to table. 4 applications 1.

5.16. Warehouses for flammable liquids and gases stored in tanks are located in the area of ​​the organization's commodity and raw material warehouses and at the commodity and raw material base, while groups of above-ground tanks are located relative to each other, as a rule, on the smallest side of the tank embankment.

5.18. Tanks intended for receiving products in case of accidents of chemical-technological systems, units and warehouse objects (tanks) must be placed in separate group, block.

These tanks must be constantly ready to receive products in emergency situations.

5.19. When storing flammable liquids and flammable liquids together with flammable liquids under pressure in one warehouse (park), the flammable liquids and flammable liquids tanks are installed in an independent group (groups), blocks.

5.20. The height and stability of the earthen embankment or enclosing wall of a group of flammable liquid and gas liquid reservoirs must restrain the dynamic pressure of the products and have a height of 1 to 2.5 m.

5.22. To enter the embankment of the park, the flammable liquid storage warehouse, on both sides of the embankment, transition stairs with a width of 0.7 m must be installed, at least two for each group of tanks, located at different ends of the embankment. When installing a ramp, to mechanize the work of inspecting safety valves and for repair work, it is sufficient to install one transition staircase located on the side opposite to the ramp.

5.23. The distance from the flammable liquid and gas liquid reservoirs to the base of the embankment must be at least half the diameter of the nearest larger reservoir, but not less than 2 m.

5.24. The distance between the flammable liquid and flammable liquid tanks in the group should be equal to the diameter of the large tank, but not less than 2 m.

When tanks are located in a group of two or more rows, the distance between the rows should be equal to the length of the largest tank, but not less than 10 m.

for groups of tanks with flammable liquids and gases with the total capacity of tanks in the largest group:

• up to 700 m3 - at least 25 m
• 700 - 2000 m3 - not less than 50 m
• 2000 - 5000 m3 - not less than 100 m
• 5000 - 10000 m3 - not less than 120 m
• 10000 - 15000 m3 - not less than 150 m
• more than 50,000 m3 - not less than 200 m

5.26. For underground tanks, distances in a group and between groups can be reduced by 50% compared to the distances for corresponding above-ground tanks.

5.27. The distance between the tanks of warehouses (parks) of flammable liquids under pressure located in the commodity and raw materials area of ​​the enterprise must be at least 300 m, regardless of the method of storing the product in the specified warehouses (parks). Depending on the conditions, it is possible to reduce distances to 200 m with appropriate justification by the design organization and approval in the prescribed manner by the supervisory authorities.

5.28. The installation of auxiliary equipment within the dikes of tank farms is not permitted. In this case, evaporators and heat exchangers for heating should be placed at a distance of at least 10 m from the embankment of storage tanks and flammable liquids under pressure and more than 1 m from the walls of the pump and compressor buildings serving these parks.

5.29. Drainage and flare tanks, as well as separators on safety valve discharge lines, should be located outside the bund at a distance greater than the diameter of the largest tank. The distance between the indicated containers is taken to be equal to the diameter of the largest container, but not less than 1 m, and to the building of the pumping and drainage facility - not less than 10 m.

5.30. The “candle” is placed outside the embankment, mainly on the leeward side of tanks and other warehouse structures at a distance of at least 5 m from the embankment.

The height of the “candle” is determined by the dispersion coefficient, but it must be at least 30 m.

5.31. Within the fire breaks defined by these standards, the placement of temporary and permanent objects, devices and structures is not allowed.

5.32. If there are industrial, auxiliary and industrial buildings or structures in the warehouse project, the distance to neighboring objects is measured from the warehouse objects closest to them.

5.33.1. The distances from the tanks of intermediate LPG warehouses (parks) to individual facilities of the organization, as well as to the pumping stations serving these warehouses, must be no less than those indicated in the table. 5 applications 1.

5.33.2. The placement of unloading racks for flammable liquids and flammable liquids as part of intermediate warehouses is not permitted.

5.34.2. The distance from the flare installation to the flammable liquid fuel tank farms should be considered minimal, and in each individual case it should be confirmed by calculation.

5.34.3. Distance from a separate drainage rack to adjacent organizations, residential and public buildings and other objects of organizations is accepted both from the tanks of the flammable liquid storage warehouse under pressure.

5.34.7. The automobile unloading rack for flammable liquids and flammable liquids is designed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for the safety of oil depots.

5.34.8. When designing warehouses, the drainage points for faulty tanks include a tank for draining the product, the volume of which must be no less than the volume of the maximum railway tank, equipment for pumping the product from the tank and a pipeline system, the design of which is carried out in accordance with the General Explosion Safety Rules for Explosive and Fire Hazardous Chemicals, Petrochemicals and oil refining industries and other regulations.

5.34.9. When developing a warehouse project, the checkpoints, depending on the purpose, include guard booths, mushrooms, observation towers, access booths, overpasses for vehicle inspection, communications and hidden (from two or three points) alarms, lighting and fire extinguishing.

5.36.2. It is allowed to place in the production area:

• isothermal tanks;
• pumping room for flammable liquids and gases;
• outdoor installation for technological equipment;
• compressor of flammable liquid vapors coming from tanks and the refrigeration cycle;
• tanks high pressure;
• unloading racks for flammable liquids and gases;
• control rooms and emergency protection, communications, alarm and warning facilities, an analysis room.

5.36.3. In the auxiliary zone it is allowed to place:

• treatment facilities for industrial wastewater in production and non-production areas;
• recycling water supply system;
• fire ponds and pumping station;
• heating point;
• compressor reserve nitrogen and air instrumentation;
• administrative building, central control point, mechanical repair shops, instrumentation and automation, electrical engineering, analysis room, communications, alarm and warning facilities.

5.36.5. Aboveground isothermal tanks must have a reinforced concrete enclosing wall at a distance of 6 m from the outer body of the tank. The height of the wall is 0.5 m above the level of the spilled liquid.

The need to implement the specified wall is determined on the basis of calculations in the project based on the conditions of placement of the isothermal tank, the condition of the soil and the dynamic pressure of the liquid stored in the tank in the event of a sudden emergency opening.

5.36.6. In the absence of a reinforced concrete enclosing wall, a second embankment is provided, which can serve as on-site roads.

5.36.7. Inside the reinforced concrete enclosing wall and the main embankment, a device is provided for collecting and draining water supplied for irrigation of the reservoir, and storm water runoff, as well as organic products for disposal.

VI. REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKS, EQUIPMENT, PIPELINES, FITTINGS, SAFETY DEVICES, SAFE CONDUCT OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN FLOW WAREHOUSES

6.1. Tanks for flammable liquids operating under excess pressure over 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2) must meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for the design and safe operation of vessels operating under pressure.

6.4. For above-ground storage of liquefied hydrocarbon gases propane and butane at the temperature of the metal walls of the vessels, depending on the temperature of the product and the surrounding air and reaching no higher than 323.15 K (50 ° C) and no lower than 213.15 K (-60 ° C), steel cylindrical horizontal vessels in accordance with the requirements of industry standards, including equipment from foreign companies.

Vessels made in accordance with the requirements of industry standards are allowed for storing other liquefied hydrocarbon gases, the saturated vapor pressure of which at a temperature of 323.15 K (50 °C) does not exceed the saturated vapor pressure of propane and butane, respectively. Vessels designed for storing butane can be used to store light fractions of gasoline.

6.5. Ball tanks for storing flammable liquids under pressure and semi-isothermal storage with a capacity of 600 and 2000 m3, as well as metal isothermal ones, are made according to design and technical documentation developed by a specialized organization.

6.6. flammable liquid reservoirs are designed and manufactured based on the conditions of reliable operation during the design service life specified in the manufacturer’s passport.

6.7. Weld seams of tanks are subject to 100% control by physical methods (ultrasonic flaw detection and radiation testing).

Other effective methods of non-destructive testing are allowed in accordance with the instructions agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

6.8. Materials intended for the manufacture of horizontal cylindrical tanks and spherical tanks for storing flammable liquids must meet the operating temperature conditions in winter time, while the following are taken as the design temperature:

6.9. Horizontal and spherical tanks for products in which water may be present are equipped with a closed water drainage system with the installation of a bottom anti-freeze valve (KND type) in the bottom of the vessel and external heating devices in the lower part of the tank to ensure water removal at sub-zero air temperatures. Steam, steam condensate, hot water or non-flammable, non-corrosive antifreeze are used as coolants.

6.10. Ball tanks for storing pure hydrocarbons are equipped with an internal rotary ladder, which makes it possible to control all welds of the tank without installing additional scaffolding and scaffolding.

6.11. Ball tanks for storing products that can polymerize (butadiene, isoprene, etc.) are equipped with an internal weighted rotary ladder with platforms that allow cleaning the walls and bottom.

6.12. The frequency and methods of cleaning tanks are determined by instructions approved by the technical management of the organization.

6.13. In flammable liquid warehouses, in order to minimize emissions of explosive and fire hazardous substances into the environment, the chemical-technological system of the warehouse should be divided into separate stages (blocks).

In this case, conditions for safe shutoff of flows must be ensured and hydraulic shocks must be excluded.

6.14. Categorization of technological blocks (stages) by explosion hazard is carried out in accordance with the general rules of explosion safety for explosion and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries.

6.15. For flammable liquid warehouses, the possibility of emergency emptying of tanks from products is provided. Warehouse communications must ensure the possibility of pumping the product in the event of an emergency from tanks of one group to tanks of another group, and if there is one group in the warehouse - from tank to tank, as well as emergency release of vapors (gases) from tanks to the flare system. For emergency release of tanks, shut-off valves with remote control are used from places accessible for maintenance in emergency situations, at the installation site and from the control room.

If it is not possible to pump the product in the event of an emergency from one storage tank to another, projects should provide emergency tanks for receiving the product from the storage tanks.

The capacity of emergency flammable liquid containers is calculated for a one-time discharge of product from one technological installation of the organization (maximum in terms of product volume).

6.18. Tanks should only be used for those products for which they are designed or having similar physico-chemical and corrosion characteristics with appropriate technical justification.

6.19. When storing and carrying out unloading operations with raw materials and products prone to the formation of unstable by-products, peroxide and polymer products that increase the explosion hazard of the main product, measures must be taken to prevent the formation of unstable compounds, including thermostating, purging under excess pressure with nitrogen, oxidation inhibitors and polymerization, etc., as well as control over their content in pipelines, tanks, tanks and other warehouse equipment and methods for their timely removal according to instructions approved by the technical management of the organization or association.

6.20. Any production processes not related to the reception, storage and pumping out of raw materials and products are not allowed in flammable liquid warehouses.

6.21. Equipment in flammable liquid warehouses must be located in open areas; it is allowed to place pumps and compressors in buildings with appropriate technical justification prepared by the design organization (design institute).

6.22. The management of technological operations in flammable liquid warehouses should be carried out from separate operator rooms, central control points (CCPs), equipped with stable telephone, television, radio communication, alarm and warning systems.

6.23. In flammable liquid storage warehouses, in places where explosive and fire hazardous vapors (gases) may be released - in the dikes of tanks, in pumping and compressor rooms, and at stand-alone equipment with explosive and fire hazardous products, automatic stationary continuous alarms for pre-explosive concentrations of gases and vapors in the air must be installed. working area warehouses

6.24. To pump flammable liquids, centrifugal sealed (sealless) pumps are used, including submersible ones, or oil centrifugal horizontal and vertical pumps with a double mechanical seal in accordance with industry standards.

6.25. The design and operation of compressors must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents. In terms of reliability and design features compressors are selected taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics of the transported products and storage parameters.

6.26. Pumps and compressors of warehouses that move flammable liquids, regardless of their installation location, in addition to the starting equipment located at the installation site of the pumps and compressors, must have a remote switch off of the electric motor and be equipped with systems for diagnosing the technical condition of components and parts during operation.

The suction and discharge lines of compressors and pumps are provided with shut-off or shut-off devices with remote control installed in each specific case depending on the diameter and length of the pipeline and the characteristics of the transported medium.

A check valve or other device is installed on the discharge pipeline to prevent reverse movement of the transported product.

6.27. When placing pumps and compressors in open areas, floor heating should be provided to remove snow and moisture (for areas with cold and temperate climates) and a floor slope to drain water into the pit and protective side guards with an area of ​​no more than 50% total area side to be closed (calculated from the height from the floor to the pumping room cover). Protective side guards of open pumping and compressor rooms must be fireproof and according to the conditions natural ventilation do not reach the floor or covering of the pumping room by at least 0.3 m.

6.28. In order to shut off the flow of flammable and explosive and fire-hazardous products (flammable liquids and gases) into the pumping station during a fire, all suction and discharge pipelines connecting the technological equipment of warehouses (tanks, containers) with pumps must have shut-off valves, in addition to those specified in clause 6.26, located outside the pumping station at a horizontal distance of at least 3 m from the pumping house building and 5 m from the open pumping house, but not more than 50 m. Installation of shut-off valves is not required if the design organization justifies other reliable technical solutions.

6.29. The design pressure of pressure storage tanks for flammable liquids with a boiling point of 318.15 K (45 °C) and higher, equipped with safety valves (excluding hydrostatic pressure), must exceed the operating pressure by 20%, but not less than 0.3 MPa (3 kgf/cm2).

6.30. Tanks intended for storing flammable liquids under pressure with a boiling point below 318.15 K (45 °C) must be designed for a pressure not lower than the vapor pressure of the product at a temperature of 323.15 K (50 °C).

6.31. The discharge of gases (vapors) from the safety valves of the tanks must be carried out into the flare system in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the design and safe operation of flare systems.

6.32. It is necessary to provide a system of safety valves on flammable liquid reservoirs in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for the device and safe operation of pressure vessels and industry standards.

To ensure inspection and repair of safety valves, shut-off valves with a locking device are installed before and after the backup and working safety valves, which eliminates the possibility of simultaneous closing of the shut-off valves on the working and backup valves.

The use of lever safety valves is not permitted.

6.33. Reservoirs designed for a pressure less than the pressure of the supply source (pump) must have safety valves designed for the full capacity of the supply source (taking into account the requirements of clause 7.34).

6.34. Safety valves must be installed directly on the branch pipes (fittings) of tanks with a vertical valve stem, in the highest part of the tank in such a way that in the event of opening (activation) of the valve, vapors or gases are first removed from the vessel.

6.35. To capture the liquid phase from gases (vapors) discharged from safety valves and emergency manual pressure releases, a liquid separator (separator) is installed in each warehouse. The common collector of homogeneous gases (vapors) escaping from the safety valves before and after the separator must be laid with a slope towards the liquid separator (separator).

6.36. Liquids from the separator are pumped out automatically by pumps in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for the design and safe operation of flare systems, and for the system for pumping flare condensate from flare separators.

It is allowed to remove liquids by evaporation, using external heating, having a boiling point at normal pressure of 243.15 K (-30 ° C) and below (propane, propylene, etc.), while it is necessary to exclude the possibility of increasing the pressure in the container above the calculated one.

6.37. The placement of safety valves on tanks should prevent the possibility of condensate accumulating behind the safety valve. In exceptional cases, if it is impossible to install a safety valve above the collector, it is permissible to lay a discharge pipeline from the safety valve with a rise to a common collector and connection to its upper part, while at the lower point of the discharge pipeline constant drainage into a closed system for collecting liquids must be provided.

6.38. When determining the diameter of the flare header from the tank farm, one should take into account the simultaneous operation of safety valves on three tanks, including the “burning” one and neighboring ones located at a distance not exceeding the diameter of the largest tank. If there are one or two tanks in a group, then the diameter of the flare header is calculated accordingly to the operation of the valves of one or two tanks located at a distance not exceeding the diameter of the largest tank. The amount of gases and vapors is calculated depending on possible scenarios for the development of an accident, technical safety equipment, fire protection measures in accordance with current regulatory and technical documentation and standards.

6.39. The fastening of the outlet pipeline of the safety valve must ensure that the safety valve and the fitting of the device on which it is installed are unloaded from the transfer of the load of the weight of the pipes and possible forces of reactive forces from the gas flow when the valve is activated.

6.43. Pipelines in warehouses transporting explosive and fire hazardous media are permitted to be laid only above ground or above ground on fireproof supports and overpasses. Drainage pipelines for the removal of flammable liquids may be laid in channels filled with dry sand and covered with removable slabs.

6.44. The design and installation of pipelines with explosive and fire hazardous products above and below tanks within the diked area of ​​a group of tanks in the park is not allowed, with the exception of equalization and breathing pipelines passing above the tanks.

6.45. It is not allowed to design and install pipelines with explosive and fire-hazardous flammable liquids from or to a tank (group of tanks) through dikes of adjacent tanks (groups of tanks) of the park.

6.46. The laying of pipelines along overpasses should provide the possibility of free access to monitor their condition and repair.

6.47. When designing and installing pipelines for flammable liquids, which may contain an aqueous phase, dead-end sections and hydraulic seals (bags) are not allowed, and measures are taken to prevent the possibility of water freezing and to drain it into closed collection systems.

6.48. Pipelines that are completely filled with flammable liquids and that have shut-off valves at the end sections in which pressure may increase due to thermal expansion of the liquid contained in them must be protected by bypass valves.

Discharges from these valves should generally be directed into a liquid piping of the same system connected to a reservoir having a vapor phase above the liquid.

To ensure the possibility of inspection of bypass safety valves, it is allowed to install shut-off valves sealed in the open state before and after them.

The bypass valve can only be turned off while it is being replaced while the pipeline is running, which must be connected to a reservoir that has a vapor phase above the liquid.

6.51. For the purpose of purging, washing and steaming tanks, technological equipment warehouse (pumps, compressors, etc.) and pipelines, depending on the substances used, it is necessary during the design to provide for permanent sources of supplying the warehouse with nitrogen, steam, air, and water.

The connection of periodically operating pipelines of nitrogen, steam, air, water to the fittings of tanks or product pipelines after the main valve must be made using removable sections (pipes or flexible connections) with the installation of shut-off valves on the fittings of the tank and pipeline after the removable section and shut-off valves and a pressure gauge before the removable plot.

After completing the work, the removable section must be dismantled, and end caps must be installed on the free flanges.

6.52. If it is necessary to supply nitrogen permanently to warehouse equipment (tanks, pumps, etc.) and pipelines for technological needs (creating a nitrogen blanket, vacuum extinguishing, etc.), a pressure gauge, shut-off valves and a check valve must be installed in series on the nitrogen line .

6.53. As a general rule, piping to tanks should be routed over a tank embankment or boundary wall.

When laying pipelines through an embankment or enclosing wall, the area where the pipes pass must be sealed.

6.54. It is not allowed to use flexible connections (rubber, plastic hoses, metal hoses, etc.) as stationary pipelines for transporting flammable liquids.

6.55. To carry out unloading and loading operations into railway tanks and other non-stationary equipment, as well as to perform auxiliary operations (purging sections of pipelines, pumps, removing exhaust gases and vapors, freeing pipelines from product residues), the use of flexible connections - metal hoses - is permitted.

6.56. Connecting flexible connections to perform auxiliary operations is allowed only for the period of these works. The selection of flexible connections is carried out by the design organization, taking into account the properties of the transported product and process parameters based on current standards.

6.57. Check valves must be installed on pipelines supplying flammable liquids to storage tanks.

6.58. Installation work to connect pipelines to the tank should be carried out after the settlement of the tank foundation has stabilized. Tank pipelines must have compensating capacity.

6.59. In flammable liquid storage warehouses, steel reinforcement must be used that is resistant to the corrosive effects of the working environment under operating conditions and meets the requirements of current standards and these rules, including reinforcement manufactured by foreign companies.

Valves with a metal seal in the valve, used for installation on pipelines with flammable liquids, must comply with class “A” valve tightness, in accordance with current standards.

6.60. In order to minimize emissions of flammable and fire-explosive substances into the environment during emergency depressurization of the system, shut-off valves with remote control must be installed at the inputs to and outputs from the warehouse of pipelines with a diameter of more than 20 mm for flammable liquids and gases, the design of which also provides for manual control.

6.61. The installation of shut-off valves at the inputs to the warehouse and outputs from the warehouse must be provided for in the warehouse design outside the embankments of the warehouse tanks, the fencing of the pump and compressor room of the warehouse at a distance specified in the building codes.

6.62. In warehouses for emergency shutdown of fire and explosion hazardous technological units of all explosion hazard categories, on inter-unit pipelines of flammable and explosive atmospheres, shut-off or shut-off valves with remote control are installed with a response time: for units of 1st explosion hazard category, as a rule, no more than 12 s, for 2nd and 3rd categories 120 s.

6.63. Electric valves installed in commodity and raw materials and intermediate warehouses of flammable liquids must have both remote control from buttons from the control panel (instrument panel) and from buttons located locally. A signal about the final position of the electric valve rod must be sent to the control room: “open - closed”.

7.1. The structures of all types of tanks must be sealed, eliminating the possibility of leaks of the vapor or liquid phase during the entire period of operation.

7.2. Isothermal tanks, underground and above ground, are designed and manufactured from metal and reinforced concrete, which can be monolithic or with an internal metal tank.

7.3. The design and construction of tank farms with tanks made of reinforced concrete must be carried out according to specially developed standards.

7.4. The designs of metal tanks can be single-walled, single-walled with an internal glass, or double-walled.

The type of tank is determined in the process of designing technological facilities by design or specialized organizations.

7.5. Tank designs must take into account the types of impacts:

• technological (pressure and product level);
• snow, wind loads and loads from equipment on the tank cover;
• loads on the tank fittings from the tank piping;
• temperature effects during start-up, operation and removal of the tank for repair;
• unfavorable combinations of influences;
• seismic impacts.

7.6. The design pressure of isothermal tanks should be taken as 25% higher than the working pressure, but not less than 9806 Pa (1000 mm water column) and, taking into account possible vacuum, no less than 490.3 Pa (50 mm water column).

7.7. The design of the tank must indicate the requirements for the manufacturing technology of tank elements and welding technology, for testing and maintenance tanks, by checking metal sheets for the absence of unacceptable external and internal defects, and for compliance of their physical and chemical characteristics with the requirements of current state standards and regulatory and technical documentation in the field of industrial safety.

7.8. Materials used in tank construction must meet the corrosivity of the process environment with a design service life of at least 25 years, minimum storage temperature and absolute minimum outside air temperature.

7.9. Tanks must be made from steels with increased requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties and quality of the sheet in accordance with special technical conditions. The technical specifications being developed must be drawn up by the developer of the technological process and tank design and agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

7.10. Tightness control during construction is carried out using helium or halogen leak detectors, or other equivalent ones.

7.11. The design of the tank must include process fittings, instrumentation fittings, at least two manholes into the internal tank, manholes into the inter-wall space, hatches for filling and removing bulk materials thermal insulation material, places for installing technical condition diagnostic sensors.

7.12. The tanks are equipped with external and internal staircases, platforms for servicing equipment, fittings, instrumentation and instruments.

7.13. Fittings at the inputs and outputs to tanks, as well as the design of passages of fittings through the outer wall of a double-walled tank must be equipped with compensators designed to operate under conditions of the maximum possible temperature difference during testing, start-up, operation of the tank and emptying the tank when stopped.

7.14. The manufacturer draws up a passport for the isothermal tank based on the as-built documentation in the form prescribed by the current standards, and instructions for installation and safe operation.

7.15. Before putting the tank into operation, the organization must register it in accordance with the equipment maintenance and repair system and appoint, by order of the organization, from among specially trained specialists, a person responsible for technical condition and safe operation of the tank.

7.16. Tanks must undergo technical inspection after installation before commissioning, as well as periodically during operation in accordance with industry requirements and the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation in the field of industrial safety.

7.17. The scope, methods and frequency of technical examinations must be indicated in the manufacturer’s passport and instructions for installation and safe operation. Responsibility for timely inspection and repair of the tank rests with the technical manager of the organization, and for safe operation - with the responsible specialist defined in clause 7.15.

7.18. When equipping tanks, constantly current means technical diagnostics and operational control using acoustic emission methods, the deadline for the next technical examination is determined according to the actual condition of the structures.

7.19. Tank foundations must comply with the requirements of building codes and regulations for foundations and foundations and additionally take into account the effects of the low temperature of the stored product on the foundation, the tilt of the internal casing during operation, the corrosive effect of ambient air on the foundation and foundation structures.

7.20. Thermal insulation of tanks must be hydrophobic, ensure the prevention of moisture condensation on the outer surface of the insulation and ensure technically feasible power of the refrigeration cycle of operation and storage.

7.21. Technological conditions for isothermal storage are organized in accordance with the requirements of the General Explosion Safety Rules for explosion-hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries in order to eliminate the possibility of an explosion in the system at the process parameter values ​​regulated by the project.

7.22. The technological system is divided into technological blocks in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 6.13 and 6.14 of these Rules with the separation of the isothermal tank into a separate technological block.

7.26. The temperature control system can be designed common for a group of tanks and (or) individual for each tank, depending on the homogeneity and name of the process medium.

The choice of temperature control system is determined by design and research organizations, based on the purpose and operating conditions of the tanks, their placement, production activities of the consumer and the product supplier.

7.29. The reserve of technological equipment, including compressors, should be taken based on the condition of ensuring the continuity of operation of the temperature control system.

7.30. When selecting major process equipment and safety valves, the following factors affecting the thermal balance in the tank must be taken into account:

• for the storage mode of a product with a temperature below ambient temperature, the absolute maximum temperature is taken taking into account solar radiation;
• for filling mode - the maximum temperature of the product entering the tank and the maximum outside temperature taking into account solar radiation;
• in the event of a fire in an adjacent tank, the temperature of the outer wall (or insulation body) is assumed to be 600 °C with simultaneous flare and irrigation of the tank;
• for product storage mode at temperatures above ambient - the absolute minimum outside air temperature and heat removal when pumping the product out of the tank.

The laying of pipelines on the tank must be taken into account in its design.

7.32. Vapor phase removal pipelines with an operating temperature above ambient temperature must have a heating system to prevent condensation of the vapor phase inside the pipeline. The coolant temperature should not exceed the permissible temperature for thermal insulation materials.

7.33. The insulation must prevent moisture from condensing on the outer surface.

The design of the thermal insulation of “cold” pipelines must exclude the possibility of moisture during operation and be fireproof.

For equipment and pipelines with negative ambient temperatures (below -40 °C), the use of insulating materials that are difficult to burn or self-extinguishing is allowed.

7.34. Isothermal tanks are equipped with safety valves. The number of working safety valves on each tank, their dimensions and capacity must be selected by calculation when designing the technological system and tank.

In parallel with the working safety valves, reserve valves must be installed; their number and characteristics must be the same as the working ones.

7.35. For scheduled inspection and repair of safety valves, a shut-off valve with a locking device is installed before and after the backup and working safety valves, which eliminates the possibility of simultaneous closing of the valves on the working and backup valves.

7.36. To protect the outer body of an isothermal tank with an isolated inter-wall space, at least two working safety valves are installed, each of which has a reserve. Discharge from the safety valves of the outer casing is carried out directly into the atmosphere.

7.37. Tanks must be equipped with a valve system to protect against vacuum by introducing nitrogen and/or fuel gas into the vapor space of the tank. The set pressure of vacuum valves must be at least 25% of the numerical vacuum values ​​used in tank design calculations.

7.38. Vacuum protection valves are installed and periodically checked in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturing organizations and instructions for maintenance and safe operation approved by the technical manager of the organization.

VIII. CONTROL, CONTROL, AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY PROTECTION, NOTIFICATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

8.1. Warehouses for storing flammable liquids under pressure must be equipped with control systems, automatic regulation, automated control, emergency protection, communication and emergency notification systems.

These systems must ensure the safe conduct of technological operations in warehouses and warning service personnel about deviations from the norms of the main technological parameters, about reaching their dangerous (maximum permissible) values, about the occurrence of an emergency.

8.2. Systems for monitoring technological operations, automatic and remote control, emergency automatic protection, as well as communication and notification of emergency situations, including those supplied complete with equipment, must meet the requirements of these Rules, the requirements of the General Explosion Safety Rules for explosion-hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries, current regulatory and technical documentation, projects, regulations and ensure the specified accuracy of maintaining technological parameters, reliability and safety of technological operations.

8.3. Automation equipment used according to the emergency localization plan (ELP) must be allocated and designated according to their location, in technological regulations and instructions.

8.4. Monitoring, management and emergency automatic protection equipment, as well as communication and warning equipment, are marked with appropriate inscriptions that clearly reflect their functional purpose, the values ​​of protection settings, and dangerous (maximum permissible) values ​​of controlled parameters.

8.5. Organization of work to maintain a reliable and safe level of operation and repair of control systems, management of emergency automatic protection, as well as communication and warning, regulation of duties and boundaries of responsibility between technological services (mechanical, technological, instrumentation, etc.) to ensure compliance with safety requirements, list and the scope of operational, repair and other technical documentation are established by standards.

8.6. On the pipelines (inputs) of flammable liquids entering the warehouse, instrumentation and control devices must be installed to record the quantity, quality and pressure of incoming products, signaling a drop in pressure of instrumentation and control compressed air, coolant, cooling water and other refrigerants, inert gas and process air, temperature recording coolant.

8.7. Warehouses of flammable liquids under pressure must be equipped with automated control systems and automatic emergency protection based on electronic control and automation equipment, including computer technology.

8.8. The selection of an emergency automatic protection system and its elements is carried out based on the conditions for ensuring its operation while meeting the requirements for operation, maintenance and repair during the entire overhaul period of the protected object.

Malfunction of the control system should not affect the operation of the emergency protection system.

8.9. When choosing an emergency protection system and its elements, redundant electronic and microprocessor systems must be used. In each specific case, the need for reservation is justified.

8.10. In the event of a power outage or interruption of the supply of compressed air for monitoring and control systems, automatic emergency protection systems must ensure the cessation of flammable liquids being received into the warehouse, pumping out of the warehouse to consumers, and safe conditions for storing flammable liquids in the warehouse.

8.11. Tanks must be equipped with at least three level measuring devices. Warning and pre-emergency signaling of upper and lower limit levels must be carried out from two independent sensors with separate sampling points for process medium parameters. The value of the warning alarm settings for the maximum upper and lower levels is indicated in the project, taking into account the time required to carry out operations to stop the supply of flammable liquids to the tank and pump out the medium from the tank.

The use of measuring glasses is not allowed in warehouses.

8.12. The following devices must be installed on the tanks:

• for measuring temperature and monitoring the temperature of the medium in the tank with recording its numerical values;
• for measuring pressure and monitoring pressure with signaling of maximum and minimum dangerous (maximum permissible) numerical values ​​of pressure in the tank from two independent sensors.

8.13. In order to ensure safe operation of warehouses during design and construction, the following technological interlocks should be installed:

• automatic shutdown supplying the product to the tank when it reaches a dangerous (maximum permissible) upper level;
• automatic shutdown of product pumps when the minimum permissible pressure and level in the tanks is reached;
• automatic supply of gas, inert to the fluid being moved, into the tank when the minimum permissible pressure is reached.

8.14. To maintain constant excess pressure during the operation of tanks when designing and creating warehouses, it is necessary to carry out:

• thermostatting of product vapors with automatic temperature or pressure control of coolant (coolant) supply to heating (cooling) devices;
• arrangement of a system of two control valves, one of which is installed on the nitrogen supply line and opens when the minimum set operating pressure is reached, the other is installed on the line for releasing vapors into the fuel network of the enterprise or to the flare and opens when the pressure is exceeded in operating mode.

8.15. For semi-isothermal and isothermal storage methods, it is also necessary to provide:

signaling a dangerous (maximum permissible) value of the temperature of the product entering the tank, and automatically stopping the supply of product to the tank when the dangerous (maximum permissible) value of the product temperature in the temperature control circuit of the stored product is reached;

automatic opening of shut-off (cut-off) valves on the vapor discharge line from the tank to the flare system when a dangerous (maximum permissible) pressure value in the tank is reached and automatic closing of these shut-off (cut-off) valves when the operating pressure of the stored product is reached.

8.16. Pumps, compressors and other warehouse equipment are equipped with alarm and interlock systems that ensure their safe operation, in accordance with the instructions for maintenance and operation of manufacturing organizations, industry standards and regulatory and technical documentation in the field of industrial safety.

8.17. Each pumping unit pumping flammable liquids must be equipped with an automation system that provides interlocks and protections that prohibit the start and operation of the pump when:

• the pump is not filled with the pumped product;
• the pressure of the barrier (sealing) liquid is below the established value;
• an increase in the temperature of the bearings during pump operation above the values ​​​​established by the rules of maintenance and operation of the manufacturing organizations.

8.18. Centrifugal pumps with a double mechanical seal must be equipped with sealing fluid leak monitoring and alarm systems, as well as interlocks that shut down the pumps in the event of a leak (with an individual sealing fluid system for each pump).

8.19. The geometric suction lift, that is, the distance from the pump axis to the calculated liquid level in the reservoir from which the liquid enters the pump, must be sufficient to prevent cavitation of the pump.

8.20. Warehouses are equipped with two-way loudspeaker and telephone systems, surveillance systems using industrial television for the most dangerous areas of the warehouse.

The need for two-way loudspeaker telephone communication in warehouses is being developed in the warehouse project.

Warehouse maintenance personnel are equipped with wearable intercom devices.

8.21. Telephone connection is established:

when a warehouse is located on the territory of an organization - with the duty officer (dispatcher) for the organization, with the civil defense organization of the organization, with a fire station (post), with a gas rescue station and with production facilities associated with the warehouse, and other objects, the list of which should be established by the project;

when located outside the territory of the organization at commodity bases - with neighboring facilities, organizations and services of local authorities, facilities technologically connected to this warehouse. The list of objects, organizations and services should be determined by the project.

8.22. In the warehouse management rooms, in the tank farm of the warehouse, in the external installations (pumping, compressor rooms) of the warehouse, in the premises of the enterprise dispatcher, the civil defense headquarters of an industrial facility and the nearest populated area, it is planned to install sirens to notify about dangerous releases of chemicals.

8.23. The organization and procedure for notifying production personnel and the civilian population about an emergency situation, responsibility for maintaining technical means and relevant services in a state of readiness and eliminating the threat of chemical damage are determined by emergency localization plans.

8.24. Warehouse management premises, which provide for the permanent presence of service personnel, placement of equipment for monitoring, control and emergency automatic protection systems, personal protective equipment for personnel and emergency tools, must be resistant to explosions.

IX. FIRE PROTECTION OF WAREHOUSES

9.1. Warehouse buildings and structures must be provided with primary fire extinguishing means in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for fire safety, the requirements of building codes and regulations, state standards, industry regulations and these Rules.

9.2. Fire protection for warehouses includes:

• thermal protection (water irrigation) of flammable liquid storage tanks under pressure, equipment for explosion-hazardous and fire-hazardous outdoor installations of warehouses (pumping stations, etc.), unloading racks;
• local fire extinguishing with stationary and mobile fire extinguishing installations (powder, foam) and manual fire extinguishers.

9.3. Fire protection of flammable liquid loading racks must be carried out in accordance with special standards.

9.4. Fire protection of tanks is carried out by cooling the tank walls with water supplied through stationary water irrigation installations, stationary fire monitors and mobile fire fighting equipment.

9.6. Stationary installations of thermal protection (water irrigation) of tanks must have automatic activation with mandatory backup manual start.

Manual start-up must be carried out both from the site of a possible fire and remotely from the instrumentation room.

The manual trigger must be placed at a distance of at least 10 m from the embankment.

9.7. Fire monitors are installed in raw materials, commodity and intermediate warehouses for cooling tanks, external fire and explosion hazardous installations (pumping stations, etc.) and railway unloading racks.

9.8. Monitors are usually installed with a permanent connection to the high-pressure water supply network. In cases where the water supply system in an existing organization does not provide the pressure and water flow necessary for the simultaneous operation of two monitors, the latter must be equipped with devices for connecting mobile fire pumps.

9.9. Monitors should be installed with a nozzle diameter of at least 28 mm. The pressure at the nozzle must be at least 0.4 MPa (40 m of water column).

9.10. The number and location of monitors to protect tanks in a warehouse (park) are determined based on the condition of irrigation of each tank with two jets, and in the presence of a stationary irrigation system - with one jet.

9.11. The number and location of fire monitors for protecting equipment and equipment located in an external warehouse installation (pumping room, etc.) are determined graphically based on the conditions of irrigation of the protected equipment with one compact jet.

9.12. Fire water supply to warehouses must be provided taking into account the requirements of building codes and regulations for water supply, as well as the requirements of this section.

9.13. Tanks with flammable liquids must have automatic stationary water irrigation systems. The pressure in the network must ensure the ability to operate fire-fighting devices (monitors, sprinklers, etc.), but not less than 0.6 MPa (6 kgf/cm2).

9.14. The water consumption for fire protection and fire extinguishing from the fire-fighting water supply network is determined by calculation, but should be taken at least 200 l/s for commodity warehouses.

9.15. The flow of water from the fire-fighting water supply system of the warehouse must ensure extinguishing and protection of equipment by both stationary installations and mobile fire fighting equipment.

9.16. Water consumption for stationary irrigation installations should be taken as follows:

for commodity and raw material and intermediate flammable liquids warehouses with spherical tanks and flammable liquids warehouses with isothermal tanks - for simultaneous irrigation of a conditionally burning tank and adjacent tanks located at a distance of the diameter of the largest burning or adjacent tank or less;

for horizontal - according to table. 9 applications 1.

9.17. The intensity of water supply for cooling the surface of tanks by stationary irrigation installations is taken in accordance with Table. 10 applications 1.

9.18. The supply of water for fire protection of commodity and raw materials and intermediate warehouses, unloading racks must be stored in at least two reservoirs located at the fire-fighting water supply pumping station.

9.19. Electrical fire alarm detectors general purpose must be installed:

• for explosive and fire hazardous warehouse buildings - outside at the exits at a distance of no more than 50 m;
• in tank farms of warehouses storing flammable liquids under pressure - along the perimeter of the embankment no more than 100 m apart;
• on explosion- and fire-hazardous outdoor installations of warehouses - along the perimeter of the installation;
• on flammable liquid unloading racks - every 100 m, but not less than two (at the stairs for servicing the racks).

10.6. Protection from direct lightning strikes of tanks (above-ground and underground) of flammable liquid storage warehouses must be carried out by separate lightning rods. Installing them on tanks or using their walls as lightning rods is not allowed.

10.7. General lighting of the tank farm should be carried out by floodlights or “sun lamps” installed on masts.

10.8. Floodlight masts for illuminating warehouse areas must be located from the warehouse tanks at a distance of at least one and a half heights of the mast.

XI. OPERATION AND REPAIR OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT AND PIPELINES OF FLOW WAREHOUSES

11.2. Operation and inspection of tanks and other capacitive equipment operating under pressure of more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2) must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels.

11.3. Operation and repair of process pipelines must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for the design and safe operation of pipelines for flammable, toxic and liquefied gases.

11.4. Production instructions and safety instructions are subject to revision upon expiration of their validity period and in the event of changes in technological schemes, hardware design of processes and changes in the management structure that affect the functions of responsible officials.

11.5. The operating personnel of flammable liquid warehouses must be well aware of the layout of equipment, pipelines, valves, the purpose of instrumentation and methods of servicing them.

11.6. Operating personnel must constantly monitor the condition of the equipment and carry out scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment in accordance with approved maintenance schedules.

11.7. All shut-off devices - valves, valves and other fittings - must be kept in full working order, be easily accessible and provide the ability to quickly and reliably stop the flow of product into the tank or its removal from the tank. Any malfunctions in the locking devices must be corrected immediately.

11.8. Leaving open fittings (except safety valves) on idle tanks, equipment or pipelines is not allowed; tanks, equipment and pipelines that are switched off from operation must be plugged with plugs manufactured at the factory in accordance with the calculations.

11.9. For each warehouse, a layout diagram of underground and above-ground pipelines and communications must be drawn up.

All changes in the location of pipelines and communications must be reflected in the diagram.

11.10. The condition of hangers and supports of pipelines laid above the ground must be provided with technical supervision in order to avoid dangerous sagging and deformation, which could cause an accident and loss of product. Any malfunctions in the condition of pipeline hangers and supports must be corrected immediately.

11.11. When filling the tank, you must strictly monitor the liquid level set in it. The tank should not be filled to more than 83% of its volume for pressure tanks and not more than 95% for isothermal tanks.

It is not allowed to pour flammable liquid into tanks with a free-falling stream.

11.14. If one of the safety valves of the safety valve system installed on the tank is removed for repair, it must be disconnected by shut-off devices from the tank and the discharge pipeline to the flare system by means of a switching device, which simultaneously turns on the backup safety valve. A safety valve removed for repair must be replaced by another serviceable safety valve. The break between removing and installing the valve is allowed no more than one hour.

11.15. The correct installation of safety valves on the tank and the position of the switching device are checked by a warehouse mechanic. After checking, he places a seal that fixes the position of the switching device and excludes the possibility of changing it.

11.16. It is necessary to draw up appropriate reports on checking the correct installation of safety valves and sealing of the switching device.

11.17. To protect against heating by sunlight, flammable liquid and gas liquid reservoirs should be painted in a light color.

11.18. Sampling from flammable liquid containers must be carried out by the sampler together with the operator servicing these containers, or an operator authorized to take samples, in the presence of a backup.

11.21. The water accumulated during storage is periodically drained from the reservoir by an operator with a backup using a non-freezing valve into the local wastewater treatment system. In winter, after draining water from the container, the anti-freeze valve should be tightly closed, and the valve on the drain pipe should remain slightly open.

The operator and backup are required to work in personal protective equipment using insulating gas masks.

11.22. After completing work and inspecting the fittings in the wells, the well covers must be closed.

11.23. In cases of freezing of the product in the pipeline, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate the malfunction and put the pipeline into operation in accordance with the production instructions approved by the technical management of the organization.

11.24. To prevent losses from leaks during storage of flammable liquids, it is necessary to maintain full technical serviceability of process equipment and the tightness of containers, pipelines, energy supply systems, taking into account the specific operating conditions of the equipment in accordance with maintenance and repair systems approved by the technical managers of the organization, based on the requirements general rules explosion safety for explosion and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries and these Rules.

Tell me the rules for storing flammable liquids. Thank you.

Answer

80.2. Work involving the use of flammable materials and performed indoors must be carried out in fume hoods or under exhaust hoods with the local exhaust ventilation. It is prohibited to carry out work using flammable and combustible liquids when the ventilation systems are turned off or faulty.

80.3. Flammable liquids with a boiling point below 50°C should be stored in a dark glass container in the refrigerator.

80.4. It is not allowed to leave containers with flammable and combustible liquids at workplaces after they have been spilled into a work container. At the workplace, flammable and combustible liquids must be present in quantities necessary to perform the work. Containers containing flammable and combustible liquids should be tightly closed and stored in a specially designated place outside the work area.

80.5. Upon completion of work, unused and used and flammable liquids should be removed to the premises intended for their storage. Do not pour flammable or combustible liquids down the drain.

Also be guided by "Fire protection systems. Limiting the spread of fire at protection facilities. Requirements for space-planning and design solutions" (Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated April 24, 2013 No. 288):
6.1.11. Distances from buildings are not standardized:
b) to warehouses of flammable or combustible liquids with a geometric capacity of up to 100 m3 and to warehouses of coal or peat (milled or lump) with a capacity of up to 1000 tons, if the wall of the building facing these warehouses is a solid fireproof type 1.
6.1.12. The distances shown in Table 4 are determined by:
b) and flammable liquids - from the walls of tanks, unloading devices or the boundaries of areas intended for placing containers with these liquids.
6.1.23. Tank farms or separate tanks with flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied flammable gases, toxic substances must be located at lower elevations in relation to the buildings and structures of the enterprise and must be surrounded (taking into account the terrain) by solid fireproof walls or earthen ramparts.
6.10.2.4. General plant facilities (administration buildings, public catering, healthcare, design bureaus, educational purposes, public organizations, cultural services and others) must be located in the pre-factory area of ​​the enterprise at a distance of at least:
a) from buildings of categories A, B, outdoor installations of categories AN and BN, intermediate warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids - 80 m;
d) from commodity warehouses (parks) of flammable and combustible liquids - 200 m;
6.10.3.2. The total volume of the intermediate warehouse (park) of flammable and combustible liquids should not exceed 6000 m3, liquefied hydrocarbon gases - 2000 m3.
6.10.3.3. If it is necessary to install intermediate warehouses (parks) for several installations (shops), the volume of each warehouse (park) should not exceed the specified values, and the distance between them should be at least 100 m for products stored under pressure, and at least 50 m for products , stored without pressure.
6.10.3.17. When storing flammable liquids under pressure in tanks with a volume of 600 m3 or more in an intermediate warehouse, each of them must be in a separate bund or separated from neighboring ones by a wall. The bunding container must contain 100% of the volume of the stored product.
6.10.3.18. At intermediate warehouses of liquefied hydrocarbon gases and flammable liquids stored under pressure, the distance between adjacent tanks must be no less than the diameter of the largest adjacent tank. The distance from the base of the embankment or enclosing wall to the tank must be at least half the diameter of the nearest larger tank, but not less than 2 m.

" during the operation of thermal mechanical equipment of power plants and heating networks. (approved by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia 04/03/1997) (as of 04/03/2000):
2.1.24. Chemicals and materials that contain flammable, explosive and toxic components must be stored in special warehouses isolated from other premises and complying with the requirements of the Standards and technical conditions for the design of warehouse enterprises and farms for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids, SNiP II-104-76. General purpose warehouse buildings and structures. Design standards, SNiP II-2-80. Fire safety standards for the design of buildings and structures.
"for enterprises and organizations of the USSR State Supply System. PPBO-114-84" section 3.3. "Warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids"
Resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation dated May 27, 2003 No. 41 “On approval of the Industrial Safety Rules for rubber production”:
2.35. In production, warehouse and auxiliary premises of buildings, the temperature established by the standards must be maintained.
Before the start of the heating season, all heating systems must be checked, repaired and pressure tested. Control and automation devices for heating systems must be in good condition, and their measuring instruments must be verified.
"POT R M-004-97. Intersectoral rules on labor protection when using chemicals"
6.7. In warehouses the temperature relative humidity and the speed of air movement must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the chemical storage technology.
"POT RO-14000-007-98. Regulations. Labor protection"
3.95. The temperature in SDYAV warehouses must be maintained within 15 - 20 °C.
3.142. The air temperature in the storage warehouse for cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases should not exceed 35 °C.
7.12.1. Flammable and combustible petroleum products must be stored in above-ground, semi-above-ground, underground tanks, as well as in closed (packaged) warehouses.
7.12.5. Depending on climatic conditions, petroleum products should be stored in containers in buildings or on areas under canopies, and petroleum products with a flash point above 45 °C should also be stored in open areas.

Highly flammable liquids (FLL), flammable liquids (FL).

LVZH– these are substances in liquid form capable of producing a combustion process without direct exposure to an ignition source and flash point

GJ– these are substances in liquid form capable of producing a combustion process without direct exposure to an ignition source and a flash point > 61 degrees Celsius.

Warehouse premises must contain fire safety information signs. The location of such signs is strictly regulated.

Ignition of the vapors of these liquids occurs at low temperatures, and the combustion process continues without direct exposure to the ignition source.

1. To store materials and substances in warehouses (indoors), it is necessary to strictly correlate them physical and chemical properties and in compliance with fire safety rules and regulations;
2. storage together with rubber or other materials and goods is prohibited;
3. joint storage of flammable liquids and flammable liquids in one room is permitted if their total quantity does not exceed 200 m3;
4. on the territory of storage facilities, when laying manual barrels with flammable liquids and flammable liquids, they should be installed on the floor in no more than 2 rows, when laying mechanized barrels, flammable liquids should be installed in no more than 5 rows, and flammable liquids barrels should be no more than 3 rows;
5. Storage is permitted only in serviceable containers. Spilled liquid must be cleaned up immediately;
6. storage of any other materials and equipment in warehouses of flammable liquids and flammable liquids is prohibited;
7. on the territory of the flammable and flammable liquids warehouse there must be at least two exits for evacuation.

Photo of the flammable liquid container general form

Photo of the control unit of the flammable liquid container

Ventilation ducts of flammable liquid containers

In racks in a warehouse area, it is mainly necessary to provide evacuation passages with a height of at least 2 meters. On the territory there must be mandatory all basic rules of general fire safety must be observed. The presence of unauthorized people in the warehouses of flammable liquids and flammable liquids is not allowed. It is necessary to develop and implement fire safety instructions on the warehouse premises and communicate the developed rules to all warehouse personnel. All workers at the flammable and flammable liquids warehouse must undergo daily fire safety training before starting work.

Enterprises must have sufficient warehouse capacity, provided with lifting and transport vehicles depending on the dimensions, weight and purpose of materials and products, allowing for complete mechanization and safety of loading and unloading operations (stacker cranes, electric hoists, electric cars, conveyors, trolleys and other vehicles).

Disorderly storage is prohibited on the premises of the enterprise. materials, products, parts, equipment, etc.

Storage of inventory items, containers and other objects on platforms and ramps are not allowed.

When storing substances and materials it is necessary to take into account their state of aggregation, compatibility and uniformity of fire extinguishing agents, on the basis of which the place and method of storing the material and the design of the container, as well as the storage mode, should be determined.

Warehouse operations(loading, unloading, laying, packaging, etc.) must be carried out by lifting and transport vehicles that prevent damage to containers, spillage of liquid, spillage of powdery substances and should not be sources of ignition.

A plan for the placement of substances and materials must be developed for warehouses indicating their most characteristic properties (explosion and fire hazard, toxic, chemically active, etc.).

Storage of material assets carried out on racks, shelves, racks, in stacks, transport containers (bags, boxes, barrels, etc.).

Shelving must be arranged so that material assets are in a stable position on them and do not fall out.

Stack storage used for storing rolls, boxes, bags, barrels, large diameter pipes, bulky heavy materials ( reinforced concrete slabs, panels, etc.).

Product storage in warehouses should be carried out with free access to monitor its condition. Walkways must be provided in storage areas:

against the gate no less than the width of the gate;

· against doorways with a width equal to the width of the doors, but not less than 1 m;

between the wall and the stack (rack);

· between racks 0.8 m.

Aisles and stacking areas must be marked on the floor with clearly visible boundary lines.

For bulk materials(coal, sand, etc.) the construction of open warehouses is allowed, which must be provided with mechanization means.

Storage of powder and bulk materials produced in chests, bins, bunkers, containers, etc.

Chemical storage allowed in special rooms equipped with ventilation. The containers of all chemicals must have clear labels indicating their purpose, date of manufacture, concentration, etc. The container must be tightly closed with stoppers (lids) to prevent the release of vapors and spilling of the contents.

Flammable substances Regardless of their state of aggregation, they should be stored separately from oxidizing agents.

indoors, where chemicals that can melt are stored in case of fire, it is necessary to provide devices that limit the free spreading of the melt (sides, thresholds, ramps, etc.).

Substances that release toxic or flammable decomposition products when heated or exposed, must be stored separately from other substances in a specially equipped warehouse.

Flammable liquids(LVZH) and flammable liquids (GZ), gaseous flammable materials, substances that ignite spontaneously in air, interact with water and with each other, as well as organic and inorganic peroxides must be stored in separate warehouses (sections, compartments).

Each type of compressed or liquefied gas(flammable and non-flammable, poisonous and non-toxic) must be stored separately. A group of non-flammable and non-toxic gases may be stored together in one warehouse.

Warehouse premises, which contains flammable liquids, flammable gases (hereinafter GG) and toxic gases , must be provided with constant ventilation with a calculated air exchange rate.

Gas cylinders must be stored in open and closed warehouses specially designed for this purpose.

Storage of cylinders with oxygen and flammable gases in the same room is prohibited.

Cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases must be secured and placed so that they are not subject to mechanical stress. To prevent gas leaks, a plug must be placed on the side fitting of the cylinder valve, and for cylinders with a volume of 40 liters or more, in addition, safety caps must be screwed on.

Cylinders with acetylene, liquid oxygen, liquid air, nitrous oxide should be stored upright. Cylinders with other liquefied gases can be stored horizontally.

Gas cylinders stored vertically, to avoid falling, they must be installed in specially equipped nests or protected by barriers. Gas cylinders that do not have shoes can be stored horizontally on frames or racks made of non-flammable material.

In warehouses and under sheds, where are acids stored?, it is necessary to have ready-made solutions of chalk, lime or soda to neutralize spilled acids. Acid storage areas must be marked.

When storing flammable liquids and gases in containers The following requirements must be met:

· Contained flammable liquids should be stored only in closed warehouses, where sudden fluctuations in ambient temperature are excluded;

· storage of flammable liquids in containers is allowed in buildings with a height of no more than 3 floors, and flammable liquids - in one-story buildings, without basements and attics;

· GH can be stored in an open area in containers whose material is resistant to atmospheric influences;

· bottles, barrels, drums with reagents must be installed in open areas in groups (no more than 100 in each) with a gap between groups of at least 1 m. Only a certain type of product must be stored in each group, about which appropriate indicative inscriptions must be made. The sites must be well compacted and fenced with barriers. Bottles with reagents in open areas should be protected from exposure to sunlight;

· in the premises of a petroleum products warehouse, it is allowed to store no more than 200 m 3 of flammable liquids or 1000 m 3 of flammable liquids in containers. With simultaneous joint storage of flammable liquids and flammable liquids, the capacity of the warehouse should be determined by equating 1 m 3 flammable liquids to 5 m 3 flammable liquids;

· in storage facilities, when stacking manually, barrels with flammable liquids and flammable liquids should be installed on the floor in no more than 2 rows; when laying mechanized barrels with flammable liquids, no more than 5, and flammable liquids no more than 3 rows. The stack width should be no more than 2 barrels. The width of the main passages for transporting barrels should be at least 1.8 m, and between stacks at least 1 m;

· Flammable liquids in glass containers (bottles) with a capacity of more than 30 liters must be stored on the floor in one tier. It is prohibited to install them on racks or in stacks;

· fire-explosive and chemically active liquids in glass containers must be packed in strong boxes or crates (wooden, plastic, metal) with free space filled with appropriate cushioning and absorbent materials. The walls of the boxes and crates must be 5 cm higher than the sealed bottles and jars. Transportation of flammable liquids and gases in small batches in glass containers should be carried out in wooden boxes with lids;

· stacking boxes with gas liquids in small packaging is allowed only in accordance with the warning sign “Up”;

· flammable liquids in large containers (bottles of 10 and 20 liters) may be stored and moved only in secondary packaging (basket, crate, etc.). Flammable liquids with a low boiling point (below 50°C) should be stored in cool rooms;

· it is prohibited to store flammable liquids and flammable liquids in damaged containers and with the neck not hermetically sealed in a warehouse. Spilled liquid must be cleaned up immediately;

· liquids that decompose or boil when heated or briefly burned should be stored separately from other substances;

· in warehouse buildings, all operations related to opening containers, checking serviceability and minor repairs, packaging products, preparing working mixtures of flammable liquids (nitro paints, varnishes, etc.) must be carried out in specially equipped rooms isolated from storage areas.

Solid flammable substances, depending on their properties, should be stored packaged in metal, glass, plastic or fabric containers.

Alkali and alkaline earth metals, metal carbides and phosphides, phosphorus (yellow and red) and other particularly flammable substances must be stored separately, packaged in containers, in dry rooms without water or steam heating.

Pyrophoric metals should be stored in a passivated state in an airtight container.

Metal powders(aluminum, zinc, zirconium, titanium), previously decontaminated , must be stored in a sealed container that does not allow moisture and air to pass through. Flammable metal powders must be placed separately from other flammable substances.

Chemicals stored in stacks, should be subjected to systematic monitoring to prevent and timely detect the processes of their decomposition and self-heating. If such processes are detected, the substance must be immediately removed from the warehouse to a safe place.

Oxidizing agents-crystalline hydrates with a melting point of 0°C, packaged in glass containers, must be stored in a heated room.

Peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals must be stored in sealed containers in dry rooms,

Wooden racks in warehouses must be treated with fire retardants. The frequency of processing should be determined by the regulatory documentation for the compositions.

Storage of wooden empty containers should be carried out in specially designated areas outside warehouses and production facilities.

Storing cargo and loading mechanisms on warehouse ramps is not permitted. Materials unloaded onto the ramp must be removed by the end of the warehouse operation.

On the territory of tank farms and in open areas for storing used containers special places must be allocated. The container must be cleared of combustible residues before storing.

Open areas for storing petroleum products in containers must be fenced with an earthen rampart or a non-combustible solid wall with a height of at least 0.5 m with ramps and surrounded by a ditch for drainage of wastewater.

Within one embanked area it is allowed to place no more than 6 stacks measuring 25x15 and a height of 5.5 m with gaps between stacks, stacks and the shaft (wall) - at least 5 m. Gaps between stacks of adjacent sites must be at least 15 m.

It is prohibited in tank farms:

· operation of leaking equipment and shut-off valves;

· reducing the embankment height established by design standards;

· operation of tanks with distortions and cracks, as well as faulty equipment, instrumentation, supply pipelines and stationary fire-fighting devices;

· installation of containers on a flammable or non-flammable base;

· overfilling of tanks and tanks;

· sampling from tanks during draining or loading of petroleum products;

· draining and loading of petroleum products during a thunderstorm.

The earth embankment and enclosing devices of tanks must always be in good condition.. The areas inside the embankment must be planned. Damage to embankments and crossing bridges must be repaired immediately.

Storage and use are not allowed flammable liquids and gases, GT, solid flammable materials and explosives in administrative and domestic buildings.

Storage in attics is prohibited combustible items, raw materials and supplies.

Personal protective clothing, working with oils, varnishes, paints and other flammable liquids and gases, should be stored in metal cabinets installed in places specially designated for this purpose.

Storage of industrial materials and equipment in domestic premises not allowed.