Baths with mineral water indications. Mineral baths. Indications for the use of mineral baths

Hydrotherapy

Therapeutic baths are of different temperature, duration, different composition of water.

There are also general and local (local) baths.

According to the temperature of the bath, they distinguish

temperature

duration

action

cold

cool

tonic effect, activate metabolism, hardening effect

indifferent (thermally indifferent)

up to several hours

Sedative and antipruritic effect

10-20 minutes

reduce irritability, normalize sleep, analgesic, antispasmodic, and vasodilating effect

analgesic and antispastic effect

Fresh baths.

Baths with fresh water have only a thermal effect on the body.
For a common bath you need 200-250 liters of water. If the water is getting cold, warm water can be added every 5 minutes to maintain the desired temperature.

Precautions: Water should not cover the chest, as this will affect blood circulation and make breathing difficult. When taking hot baths, it is recommended to apply a cool wet towel to the head and / or heart. It is also necessary to measure the pulse and respiratory rate. After leaving a warm bath, dry yourself with a warm towel (or sheet) and then apply a dry towel rub. After cold baths, dry rubbing is also shown until a feeling of warmth in the body. After taking a hot bath, dousing with a bucket of cool water (1-2 buckets) or take a shower for 1 minute with a temperature (30-32 * C).
After any therapeutic water procedure, you need to rest for 20-30 minutes.

Contrast baths are carried out in two large baths or in special pools.
First, 2-3 minutes are slowly lowered into a hot bath (38-40 * C), then they go into a cold bath (10-24 * C) for only one minute, where it is necessary to move. After the cold one, they again go into a hot bath, and this is repeated from -x to 5 times, ending the procedure with either a hot bath, which has a calming effect, or a cold one, which, on the contrary, tones. After the baths taken in medicinal purposes, be sure to wipe the skin dry and rest for about 30 minutes. Course 5-10 procedures. Interval - every other day. For hardening purposes - up to 30 procedures.

local baths.

Local baths: hand, foot, sitting and Gauffe baths.
Taking baths according to Gauffe, constantly increase the temperature of the water in the tank. To take a bath according to Gauffe, you need to prepare for the procedure as follows: completely undress and wrap yourself in a sheet and over the sheet with a blanket. Pour water at a temperature of 36 * C into the container, immerse your legs or arms in it. And then pour hot water in parts for 10 minutes so that the water temperature reaches 42-45 * C. During this procedure, the patient's body temperature gradually rises and sweating begins first on the face, then on the chest, back and throughout the body. This is kept for 10 minutes, and at the end of the procedure, the whole body is wiped dry, the patient is covered with a dry sheet, wrapped in a blanket and allowed to rest for another 30 minutes. Baths according to Gauffe can be taken daily, because. they are well tolerated. Course 10-15 baths.

Sitting baths.

Sitting baths are usually made flowing. They can be cool, warm and hot, depending on the disease. In sitz baths, the water should only cover the top of the thighs, pelvis, and abdomen. The upper part of the body should be covered with a sheet and a blanket over it, and the feet should be lowered into warm water. A cold compress is placed on the head.

Hand and foot baths.

With manual baths, the forearm and hand are lowered into the water, and with foot baths, only the feet or legs up to the knees. Hand and foot baths are cool (20-25*C), warm (37-38*C), and rarely hot (40-44*C). Warm baths take 20-30 minutes, and cool and hot baths take 5 to 15 minutes.

To enhance the skin reaction, contrasting hand and foot baths are sometimes used. The limbs are alternately lowered into hot water for 1-2 minutes and cold water for 30 seconds. https://text.ru/antiplagiat/59767d51561c8

Salt baths are prepared by adding 2 to 10 kg of salt to the bath. Baths with a content of 10 kg or more are called brine. Salt, irritating the peripheral nerve endings of the skin, lowers the threshold of its excitability, as a result of which a salt bath at a temperature (35 * C) is perceived as warm (38 * C). Salt baths improve peripheral circulation and increase metabolism.

Methodology: Water temperature 35-38*С, duration 10-15 minutes, every other day, 10-15 baths per course. Salt-coniferous baths can be used.

Indications: They are used for polyarthritis, neuritis, hypertension of the 1st stage, the initial manifestations of cardiosclerosis, as well as in children's practice with rickets as general strengthening procedures.

Coniferous and other aromatic baths irritate not only skin receptors, but also the ends of the olfactory nerve. To prepare a coniferous bath, 1-2 coniferous tablets or 1-2 tablespoons of liquid or dry pine extract are dissolved in fresh water.

Methodology: Water temperature 34-36*С, duration 10-15 minutes, every other day, 10-15 baths per course. Indications: Used for functional diseases of the nervous system.

Contraindications: general for fresh baths. Coniferous baths have a pleasant smell and have a calming effect on the nervous system.

Sage baths are prepared by dissolving liquid or condensed clary sage condensate in water.

Methodology: Water temperature 35-37*С, duration 8-15 minutes, every other day, 12-15 baths per course.

Indications: sage baths have an analgesic and sedative effect, are used for diseases and consequences of traumatic lesions of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, for chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs, neurodermatitis, scaly lichen and other skin diseases,

Mustard baths can be general and local. Dry mustard is pre-diluted in warm water 36-38 * C to a homogeneous liquid consistency in the proportion of 100-200 grams per 200 liters of water for a general bath, or 10-15 grams per 10-15 liters of water for a local bath. The diluted mixture is poured into the bath and stirred.

Methodology: Water temperature 36-38*C for a general bath and 38-40* for a local bath, duration 5-10 minutes for a general bath and 10-15 minutes for a local bath. To enhance the therapeutic effect, the bath should be covered with a thick sheet or blanket. After the bath, you need to wash yourself with warm water, dry yourself, wrap yourself up and rest for 30-60 minutes.

Indications: General mustard baths are indicated for chronic pneumonia, chronic bronchitis. Local baths are indicated for acute respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma, initial manifestations of coronary heart disease, neuroses. Mustard baths cause a pronounced expansion of peripheral vessels, which is manifested by hyperemia of the knees, slows down the heart rate and deepens breathing, lowers blood pressure, and reduces the excitability of the nervous system.

Alkaline (soda) baths are prepared by adding from 500 grams to 1 kg of soda to the bath.

Methodology: Water temperature 35-37*С, duration 10-15 minutes, every other day, 10-15 baths per course. Indications: Alkaline baths are prescribed for skin diseases as softening the stratum corneum of the epidermis and washing off sebum. Sometimes salt-alkaline baths are also used (for 2-5 kg ​​of salt - 500 grams of soda).

Pearl baths are prepared by saturating fresh water with atmospheric air under a pressure of 0.5-1.5 atm. The bath, on the bottom of which a wooden grate is laid with several rows of thin metal tubes with small holes for the release of air bubbles, is filled with fresh water. With the help of an air pump (compressor), air under pressure is supplied to these tubes; air escaping from the holes causes the water to bubble. The degree of bubbling and the size of the bubbles can be dosed by changing the pressure. Pearl baths normalize the excitability of the nervous system, have a sedative effect, restore muscle tone, cause reflex expansion of skin capillaries and accelerate blood flow in them.

Methodology: Water temperature 35-37*C, duration 10-15 minutes, daily or every other day, for a course of 10-20 baths.

Indications: arterial hypertension of the 1st and 2nd degree, neurocirculatory dystonia, cerebral palsy, hysteria, post-traumatic asthenic syndrome, psychosis, general fatigue. Contraindications: general for hydrotherapy.

Gas baths are baths made from water supersaturated with gas that is released in the form of bubbles on the skin. In addition to temperature and mechanical factors, a peculiar influence of the gas itself plays an important role in these baths.

Physical impact: at the moment of settling and separation from the skin surface, gas bubbles irritate the receptors located in it, carrying out a kind of tactile micro massage; at the same time, two temperature irritants act on the skin at once, since the difference between the temperature of water and the dissolved gas can reach 20-25 * C.

The chemical effect is manifested when the gas enters the bloodstream and when the gas released from the water is inhaled by the lungs. This action of each gas affects the state of the organs and systems of the body in a different and different way.

Therapeutic baths - the most important species balneological treatment. Actually, balneotherapy began at the very moment when a person once decided to cure his ailments by immersing himself in a mineral water bath. Therapeutic baths in the Crimea are a mandatory program for any sanatorium. In the health resort "Yurmino" (Saki), balneological treatment has been practiced since the very beginning of the health resort, respectively, therapeutic baths as a significant component of balneotherapy are included in almost all treatment programs of the sanatorium.

Balneoaroma baths from "Spitzner" (Germany)

Over the thousand-year history of therapeutic baths, the procedure itself has not changed much, but the number of substances that are used as fillers has become simply huge. Modern scientists have also contributed to this impressive list. One of the brightest examples of modern know-how in balneology is the so-called perozons. These fillers are the result of the work of scientists at the intersection of two disciplines: balneology and aromatherapy. natural essential oils, which are part of them, penetrate the body through the skin, like salts and gases in mineral water, and, at the same time, their volatile components have a therapeutic effect, affecting the respiratory system.

In the sanatorium "Yurmino" therapeutic bath concentrates of the company "Spitzner" (Germany) are used. The results of clinical studies in Germany, Russia and Ukraine have shown their high efficacy and excellent tolerability, including in children and the elderly. Aroma baths with perozons are used in the maintenance therapy of acute and chronic diseases and can significantly prolong the period of remission when used in a sanatorium.

	Perozon Valerian, soothing The concentrate contains a large amount of natural valerian essential oil. It is used for stress, overstrain, sleep disorders, increased excitability in children. Soothes, relaxes, relieves nervous tension, facilitates falling asleep and significantly improves the quality of sleep.
	Perozon Rosemary, tonic The concentrate contains a large amount of natural rosemary essential oil. It is used for nervous exhaustion, loss of strength, chronic fatigue syndrome, circulatory disorders and low blood pressure. It tones the central nervous system, improves blood circulation, refreshes, gives vigor and strength, enhances the ability to mental and physical labor, stimulates sexual activity.
	Perozon Chestnut, anti-varicose The concentrate contains a large amount of natural essential oil from horse chestnut seeds. It is used in the treatment and prevention of varicose veins. Strengthens the walls of blood vessels and veins, tones up blood circulation, eliminates swelling of the limbs and a feeling of heaviness in the legs. Favorite type of baths of our patients
	Pinimenthol, anti-cold The concentrate contains a high percentage of a mixture of natural essential oils of camphor, menthol and eucalyptus. It is used in the treatment and prevention of colds, SARS and influenza, as well as infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract (bronchitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis). It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effect on the upper respiratory tract, has an expectorant effect, reduces the intensity of coughing, returns nasal breathing and speeds up recovery.
	Dermatological A concentrate is added to the water, which contains a significant percentage of soybean oil, rich in essential fatty acids and ceramides. It is used for various skin diseases, such as dermatitis, dermatosis, psoriasis, allergic eczema. Relieves inflammation, peeling and itching, restores the natural moisture of the skin, its structure, has a regenerating effect, reduces flabbiness skin.
	Perozon for muscles and joints, antirheumatic A concentrate is added to the water, which contains a high percentage of pine needle oil and water-soluble salicylates. It is used in the treatment and prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, rheumatic pains, radiculitis, arthritis, joint pain, circulatory disorders, it is recommended to use it for injuries of the musculoskeletal system, in particular muscle strains. Significantly reduces pain in the joints and muscles, stimulates the blood supply to the joints and muscles.

Pearl baths

Pearl bath is considered a classic of balneotherapy, however, to this day it is used along with other methods. In this type of balneotherapy, the usual substance is used as an active ingredient. atmospheric air. Heated to +37-38 degrees, the water is saturated with air using a special compressor that supplies air through a grate at the bottom of the bath. The bubbles formed in the water are very similar to small pearls, hence the name of the procedure - a pearl bath. Air bubbles massage the relaxed body of the patient, which is in the bath in a state of weightlessness. The massage effect is enhanced by the temperature difference between the supply air and the water in the bath.

Indications for holiday pearl bath:

• recommended for stress
• nervous system disorders
• early stages of hypertension
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system
• Pearl bath relieves pain
• restores healthy sleep
• normalizes blood pressure
• increases joint mobility
• relaxes muscle tissue.

Rinse baths

In brine baths, water with a high level of mineralization, the so-called brine, is used. This is a solution of complex composition, richly saturated with various mineral and organic substances. In the Yurmino sanatorium, brine baths are made on the basis of the salt of the Yevpatoriya salt industry, which is mined on the Sasyk-Sivash lake and contains almost seven dozen useful mineral and organic substances. We use the same salt for various types of irrigation.

The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes in brine with a temperature of +36 to 40 degrees. In our treatment programs, brine baths are usually taken every other day, alternating them with mud therapy.

Rape baths are used for diseases of cardio-vascular system; arthritis and polyarthritis, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and peripheral nervous system, skin diseases (including psoriasis), chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs, as well as for the prevention of colds.

Iodine-bromine baths

Iodine-bromine bath - time-tested balneological procedure. Due to their universal properties, iodine-bromine baths are widely used in spa practice. The action of iodine-bromine baths is based on the ability of iodine and bromine ions, which penetrate the patient's body through the skin, to exert sedative and analgesic effects on him. In addition, iodine-bromine baths help reduce pressure, reduce allergic reactions, improve respiratory function, blood microcirculation and blood supply to internal organs, have a beneficial effect on the skin, improve the condition of the thyroid gland and other organs of the endocrine system.

Iodine-bromine baths are used for functional disorders nervous system, diseases of the cardiovascular system (with angina pectoris, post-infarction conditions, hypertension, atherosclerosis), diseases of the musculoskeletal system, endocrine system (especially with mild forms of hyperthyroidism, teriotoxicosis and diabetes mellitus), skin diseases (with dermatoses, psoriasis and etc.), respiratory diseases and diseases of the genitourinary system.

Iodine-bromine baths in the sanatorium are made on the basis of a concentrate purchased from PJSC NPO Yodobrom (Saki), a leading organization in the field in the development and implementation of new technologies for the production of iodine, bromine and their derivatives.

Muscat-sage baths

Clary sage has long enjoyed well-deserved fame in folk medicine. However, in clinical practice, clary sage began to be used after the work of Professor A.P. Obukhov, in whose laboratory in Krasnodar an emulsion based on clary sage essential oil was first prepared. This emulsion was successfully used during the Great Patriotic War and in subsequent years for the treatment of osteomyelitis, varicose veins, panaritiums, burns and some other diseases. In the sanatorium "Yurmino" nutmeg-sage baths are used to treat:

• diseases of the musculoskeletal system
• radiculitis and some other diseases of the peripheral nervous system.

In addition, baths based on clary sage oil reduce nervous tension, improve concentration, memory and stimulate brain activity.

Coniferous baths

Many have noticed that in a coniferous forest it is easier to breathe, nerves calm down, mood improves. This happens due to the essential oils that coniferous trees secrete in the course of their life. Scientists have learned how to get these volatile components from various parts coniferous trees, and studies have shown that subjective sensations do not deceive us - these essential oils are really very useful and can treat a variety of diseases. In balneological practice, coniferous extracts are used in the form of baths. These coniferous baths are also included in the treatment programs of the Yurmino sanatorium.

Benefits of a coniferous bath:

1. Coniferous bath has a bactericidal, antiseptic, tonic and wound-healing effect.
2. It calms the nervous system, heals the respiratory organs (shown, for example, in rhinitis and bronchitis), improves blood circulation in internal organs and skeletal muscles, and acts as an antispasmodic, making it indispensable for relieving pain.
3. Eliminates puffiness, relieves fatigue, increases working capacity, improves mood.
4. Stimulates the immune system.
5. It rejuvenates the skin, smoothes wrinkles, reduces sweating, eliminates heavy foot odor, painful formations disappear from the skin surface, the skin becomes smooth and elastic.

Turpentine baths

The use of turpentine, a product of the distillation of coniferous resins, for medical purposes began as early as late XIX century. However, this technique received its logical conclusion thanks to the well-known physician, Dr. A. S. Zalmanov. He suggested using turpentine baths not for the treatment of a specific disease, but for the general healing of the body. The effectiveness of turpentine baths, according to Zalmanov, is to improve blood microcirculation at the capillary level, which dramatically strengthens the defense mechanisms of the human body.

Essential oils obtained from various parts of coniferous trees are used in turpentine baths. In the treatment programs of the sanatorium "Yurmino" the compositions of the Ukrainian company "Zhivina" are used: white and yellow turpentine emulsions.

During the turpentine bath procedure, the patient is immersed in a previously prepared turpentine solution: turpentine mixture is added to water at a temperature of 37 degrees. Gradually, the temperature of the water in the bath increases to 38-39 degrees when taking a white turpentine bath and up to 40-42 when taking a yellow one. The duration of the procedure starts from 5 minutes, then gradually increases with each procedure, reaching a maximum of 20 minutes. After taking a turpentine bath, bed rest is recommended for 1.5-2 hours.

Turpentine baths are used for diseases:

• cardiovascular and genitourinary systems
• musculoskeletal system, liver, gallbladder
• respiratory organs
• obesity
• diabetes
• neurological diseases
• as well as for the prevention of colds.

Depending on the condition and indications of the patient, white, yellow or mixed baths are prescribed. When taking white baths, the patient's blood pressure rises, so these baths are prescribed for people with low or normal blood pressure. White baths improve blood circulation and tissue nutrition.

Patients whose blood pressure level is higher than 140/90 are shown only yellow baths. They dilate capillaries, helping to reduce pressure. In addition, when taking yellow baths, body temperature rises, sweating is stimulated, which contributes to the removal of metabolic products through the skin.

Mixed bath treatment is a combination of white and yellow emulsions in one bath or alternation of white and yellow bath treatments. The choice of method and dosage of combinations when prescribing mixed baths depends on the level of blood pressure, as well as on the nature of the patient's specific disease.

General contraindications for taking therapeutic baths are the same as for all balneotherapy procedures:

• all diseases in the acute stage or during the exacerbation of the chronic process
• pregnancy
• bleeding and predisposition to them
• malignant neoplasms, uterine fibroids
• mastopathy
• circulatory failure above stage IIA
• severe heart failure
• as well as individual intolerance to individual components of the aqueous solution.

- baths from natural mineral water with a total mineralization of at least 2 g / l, containing various gases, trace elements, biologically active substances, etc., as well as from artificially prepared mineral and gas waters. Unlike fresh mineral water baths, in addition to the temperature and mechanical effects, they also have a chemical effect on the body, which is perceived by exteroreceptors embedded in the skin, and when some ions, microelements and other components of mineral water penetrate into the body and on the interoreceptors of blood vessels and internal organs.

Sulphide baths

Sulfide baths have long been attributed to gas baths (A. A. Lozinsky, 1910; V. A. Aleksandrov, 1932; I. A. Valedinsky, 1934, etc.). However, from the point of view of assessing the physiological effect of a gas bath on the body as a kind of two-phase medium, water - gas is wrong.

The high solubility of hydrogen sulfide in water prevents the formation in sulphide baths of the applied concentrations of the free gas phase (liberation of gas bubbles), as occurs in carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen baths. Since there are no gas bubbles in the bath, there is no effect of the gas on the skin. In sulfide baths, only pharmachologic effect sulfides, and therefore they are more correctly classified as mineral.

Sulfide waters are considered to be those waters that contain more than 10 mg/l of sulfides (total hydrogen sulfide). The healing properties of sulfide waters have been recognized by medical science and practice. The resorts of Sochi—Matsesta, Talga, Ust'-Kachka, Klyuchi, Sergievsk mineral waters, Kemeri, and others are very popular; they are visited annually by a huge number of patients.

Outside resorts, as well as in resorts that do not have natural sulfide waters, artificial sulfide baths, which are prepared by a chemical method, are increasingly being used.

The chemical method for the preparation of artificial sulfide water was developed at the Central Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy by chemist P. N. Paley (1956). Sochimatsesta natural water was taken as the standard for the preparation of such water as the most studied.

In subsequent practice, the method of P.N. Paley was somewhat simplified in order to make the preparation of artificial sulfide baths more accessible and feasible in various medical institutions. Below are the recipes recommended by Ya. A. Shevtsov and proven by long-term practice for the preparation of sulfide baths of various concentrations.

Recipe 1. To prepare a bath for 200 liters of sulfide water of the Matsesta type with a total hydrogen sulfide content (free and bound) of 150 mg / l, you need: sodium sulfide (in 100% terms of a chemically pure substance) 71 g, sodium bicarbonate (bicarbonate soda) 54 g , technical hydrochloric acid (density 1.14) 190 ml, table salt 1520 g.

In this case, sulfide water is obtained with the following properties: alkalinity 8.2 mg-eq / l, total hydrogen sulfide content 150-155 mg / l, pH 6.95.

Recipe 2. To prepare a bath for 200 liters of sulfide water of the Matsesta type with a total hydrogen sulfide content of 100 mg / l, you need: sulfide / sodium (in 100% terms of a chemically pure substance) 47 g / sodium bicarbonate 27 g, technical hydrochloric acid (density 1 ,14) PO ml, table salt 1020 g.

In this case, sulfide water is obtained with the following properties: alkalinity 6.8 mg-eq/l, total hydrogen sulfide content 100 mg/l, pH 7.

Recipe 3. To prepare a bath for 200 liters of sulfide water of limited mineralization (without the use of soda and salt) with a total hydrogen sulfide content of 150 mg / l, you need: sodium sulfide (in 100% terms of a chemically pure substance) 70.9 g, technical hydrochloric acid ( density 1.14) 120 ml.

In this case, sulfide water is obtained with the following properties: alkalinity 7 mg-eq/l, total hydrogen sulfide content 153 mg/l, pH 6.8-6.9.

Recipe 4. To prepare a bath for 200 liters of sulfide water of limited mineralization (without the use of soda and salt) with a total hydrogen sulfide content of 100 mg / l, you need: sodium sulfide (in 100% terms of a chemically pure substance) 47 g, technical hydrochloric acid (density 1 ,14) 96 ml.

In this case, sulfide water is obtained with the following properties: alkalinity 5.4 mg-eq / l, total hydrogen sulfide content 102 mg / l, pH 6.8-6.9.

As Ya-A. Shevtsov points out, when preparing artificial sulfide water according to the above recipes, one should be guided by the following.

To prepare sulfide water, you can use any water (tap, river, sea), which is preheated to the required temperature (indicated by a doctor).

Before starting the preparation of water (always once a day - at the beginning of work), its alkalinity is determined (the calculation of soda in the recipes is given at an alkalinity of water of 4.1 mg-eq / l; with a different alkalinity, the amount of soda needed is changed, determining it according to the corresponding tables, below).

To calculate the amount of sodium sulfide solution needed to prepare a sulfide bath, determine its percentage in the main solution. The determination is made by iodometric titration or by density; knowing the percentage of sodium sulfide in the main solution, it is easy to calculate how much sodium sulfide solution in milliliters is required per bath.

When preparing a sulfide bath with a total hydrogen sulfide content of 100 mg/l, 110 ml of hydrochloric acid with a density of 1.14 are required, and with a total hydrogen sulfide content of 150 mg/l, 190 ml; if the density of hydrochloric acid is different, then the amount of it per bath should be different.

Here are the tables developed by Ya. A. Shevtsov (1957) for calculating the raw materials needed per bath (Tables 4-8).

Table 4. Calculation of the required amount of hydrochloric acid per bath

Table 5. Calculation of raw materials for a bath in 200 l of water at a sulfide concentration of 150 mg/l (for recipe 1)

Table 6. Calculation of raw materials for a bath of 20 (C) of water at a sulfide concentration of 100 mg / l (for recipe 2)

Table 7. Calculation of raw materials for a bath in 200 l of water at a sulfide concentration of 150 mg/l (for recipe 3)

Table 8. Calculation of raw materials for a bath in 200 l of water at a sulfide concentration of 100 mg/l (for recipe 4)

When using the tables 4-8, it must be taken into account that sodium sulfide in solution at a concentration above 19% and a temperature below 15°C crystallizes and precipitates. If a precipitate occurs, the concentration of the solution should be slightly reduced by adding a certain amount of water.

A solution of sodium sulfide, the most convenient for the preparation of sulfide water, is a 10-18% solution (the optimal concentration is 15-16%, which corresponds to a density of 1.125-1.134).

Technique for the preparation of artificial sulfide water. Medicinal sulfide water can be prepared manually (directly in the bath) and centrally mechanized (in special large containers, from where the finished water is fed into the baths through a pipeline). First, prepare the main (working) solutions of sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid; baths are prepared using these solutions. From soda and table salt, which are relatively easily soluble, it is not necessary to prepare working solutions.

With the manual method of preparing the bath, they are added in appropriate weight quantities (pre-packaged) directly into the bath water.

Technique for preparing basic solutions (according to Ya. A. Shevtsov). Sodium sulfide solution. Technical sodium sulfide crushed into small pieces is weighed in an amount of 7-8 kg, poured into an iron tank with a capacity of 35-40 liters, and then 20-25 liters of water at a temperature of 70-80 ° C are gradually poured into it and mixed with a stirrer, which is driven powered by a small electric motor. Stir thoroughly until complete dissolution of sodium sulfide (20-30 min); the higher the temperature of the water, the faster and better the sodium sulfide dissolves.

The completely cooled sodium sulfide solution is poured from the tank into a large glass bottle with a capacity of 20-25 liters, in which it settles for 12 hours or more, becoming transparent, as impurities settle to the bottom. You can leave the sodium sulfide solution in the tank in which it was dissolved, if after settling it is possible to organize an accurate pumping of the solution from the tank into a clean bottle so that the slag remains intact at the bottom of the tank and does not get into the solution; The best way to do this is with a siphon.

The settled, transparent solution of sodium sulfide is poured into working bottles using a siphon, from where portions of the solution are measured for each bath. It is advisable to have a special tube, which facilitates the measurement of dosed portions. When measuring the solution in portions, it is very important to ensure that it remains clean and transparent, since the turbidity of the solution affects the color of the water in the bath and pollutes not only the bath, but also the patient's skin.

The sediment that has settled to the bottom of the bottle is buried in a special pit, since sodium sulfide waste can cause poisoning of animals and burns in humans.

Taking into account that the sodium sulfide solution is easily oxidized, it should not be prepared for more than 6-7 days. Store the solution in well-closed bottles.

When the preparation of the solution is completed, it is necessary to determine the content of sodium sulfide in it (in percent) or its relative density.

Hydrochloric acid solution. Technical hydrochloric acid is used in practice undiluted. It should be poured into a working bottle with a capacity of 8-10 liters (with a lower tube), from which, as necessary, acid is poured (based on one bath) into glass jars with a capacity of 0.5 liters.

Strong hydrochloric acid releases suffocating fumes of hydrogen chloride. Therefore, a measured portion of acid per bath should be diluted with a small amount of water. Such portions of acid diluted with water are poured into the bath during its preparation.

Working bottles with concentrated hydrochloric acid are stored in a fume hood, and in its absence, it is necessary to carefully ensure that the bottles with hydrochloric acid are always hermetically sealed with a stopper and tied with a cap made of oilcloth or plain fabric. Acid is kept well sealed in a fume hood. Pour hydrochloric acid into portions, also in a fume hood.

You can use solutions of hydrochloric acid, which are prepared in advance. This somewhat complicates the calculations and is less conducive to the formation of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the bath, but it eliminates the release of hydrogen chloride vapor when undiluted acid is added to the bath. A solution of hydrochloric acid is prepared as follows: water is poured into a glass bottle with a capacity of 25-30 liters, and then acid is added through a funnel in accordance with the recipes and auxiliary tables to them.

It is more convenient to use undiluted hydrochloric acid, as this contributes to the accuracy of dosage, eliminates errors in calculations, saves time, and frees the laboratory from unnecessary bulky glassware.

Technique for the preparation of sulfide baths. 200 liters of water of the required temperature (35-37 ° C) are poured into the bath and the appropriate amounts (see calculations) of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid are added in a strictly defined sequence, all the while stirring the water evenly. If the goal is to prepare an exact analogue of Matsesta water, then table salt is added. In this case, the preparation of the bath begins with the fact that salt is placed in it in a sieve or canvas bag, through which hot water is passed. Then top up the bath (up to 200 l) necessary quantity cold water until the desired temperature is obtained. After that, all other chemical ingredients are added in the same sequence as above.

In hydrogen sulfide hospitals with a capacity of more than 100 patients per day, the most convenient, reliable and economical way to prepare sulfide water is mechanized, in which water is prepared centrally. At the same time, the chemicals necessary for the preparation of sulfide water are not mixed in the bath itself, but in large containers. So, at the Central Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, artificial sulphide water is prepared in a special sulphide workshop, in which most of the technological process is automated. The presence of 4 tanks made of vinyl plastic with a capacity of 6 m3 each allows you to have 4 different concentrations of sulfide water - 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg / l. From the tanks, water of the specified concentrations is fed through vinyl plastic pipes (not subject to corrosion, despite the aggressive action of hydrogen sulfide) to the baths.

Sulfide waters are used in the form of general and local (hand and foot) baths, irrigations, microclysters, douches, inhalations, etc.

The method of treatment with sulfide baths. The most common method of treatment is the following: water temperature 35-37°C, bath duration from A to 12 minutes, sulfide concentration 50-100-150 lg/l; baths are carried out every other day or 2 days in a row with a break on the 3rd day. Only 12-14 baths per course of treatment.

With a sparing method of treatment, the duration of the bath is from 5 to 10 minutes, the concentration of sulfides is 50-75 mg/l; for a course of treatment 10-12 baths. With an intensive method, the duration of the bath is 8-15 minutes, the concentration of sulfides is 100-200 mg/l; for a course of treatment 12-15 baths.

Local baths are carried out at a water temperature of 36-38 ° C, lasting 10-20 minutes, daily or every other day, for a course of treatment 12-20 baths.

After taking a sulfide bath, the patient must rest (preferably lying in the rest room) for at least 20-30 minutes, continuing to rest in the ward or at home (with outpatient treatment) for 1-172 hours.

According to the concentration of water, they are divided into: 1) weakly sulfide from 10 to 50 mg / l (Pyatigorsk, Khilovo, etc.); 2) medium - from 50 to 100 mg / l (Menji, Psekupsk, etc.); 3) strong — from 100 to 250 mg/l (Matsesta and others); 4) especially strong - over 250 mg / l (Matsesta, Talgi, Ust-Kachka, etc.). The main active factor that determines the specificity of the effect of sulfide waters on the body are sulfides that enter the body mainly through the skin, to a lesser extent through the respiratory tract. Free hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfide ions pass through the skin. Their entry into the body is the greater, the higher the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the water, the area of ​​the skin exposed, and the duration of the procedure (S. Ya. Kaplun, 1965; E. G. Kopteva, 1967; A. A. Buyuklyan, 1972, etc. .). Circulating for some time in the blood, hydrogen sulfide overcomes natural and biological barriers (liver, blood-brain barrier), is found in the cerebrospinal fluid in free and bound form. Hydrogen sulfide, being an active pharmacological agent, has a reflex-resorptive effect on various organs, systems and functions of the body. The central and peripheral nervous structures are especially sensitive to hydrogen sulfide. The normalizing effect of sulfide baths on the functional state of the higher parts of the central nervous system has been established, which is based on changes in the biopotentials of the cerebral cortex, as well as in the excitability thresholds of skin receptors and sensory nerves (K. D. Gruzdev, 1956; F. D. Vasilenko, 1957) . Sulfide baths excite carotid chemoreceptors, influencing through them the function of the endocrine glands and the level of metabolism (VE Ryzhenkov, 1958, 1959). An important factor in the mechanism of action of sulfide baths are changes in the mediator metabolism that occur in connection with the formation of vasoactive substances in the skin (histamine, acetylcholine, etc.). The nature and severity of the body's responses to the action of sulfide water depend on the amount of sulfides that enter the body. A large number of they are toxic. Sulfide baths have a pronounced effect on the cardiovascular system, manifested by skin hyperemia, which is based on the expansion of capillaries, subcapillary veins and precapillary arteries. The speed of blood flow and the amount of circulating blood increase, the stroke and minute volume of blood increases, the pulse slows down. Breathing slows down and becomes deeper. Being an energetic reducing agent by its chemical nature, hydrogen sulfide easily enters into redox reactions in the cells of the body, primarily with the oxidized form of proteins, enzymes and other biosubstrates. As a result, the number of free sulfhydryl groups increases, the physicochemical and biological activity of high-molecular proteins, enzymes, hormones of protein nature, as well as low-molecular compounds (glutathione, etc.) increases; all this leads to an increase in energy resources in tissue cells, including in the heart muscle. In experimental atherosclerosis, hydrogen sulfide that has penetrated into the blood from the bath water increases the amount of reduced and reduces the amount of oxidized forms of proteins, as a result of which the activity of the pentose cycle decreases and, accordingly, a decrease in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol occurs; increased activity of cytochrome oxidase, lipase and other enzymes in animal tissues; the exchange of mucopolysaccharides is normalized. Such is the inner, deep side of the mechanism of action of sulfide baths on the body of healthy animals and animals with experimental atherosclerosis. At present, the dependence of phosphorus metabolism, enzymatic processes, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, etc., has been established in experimental myocarditis, and it has been shown that a positive effect is achieved at moderate concentrations of sulfides in water. The degree of increase in the level of 17-OKS in the blood plasma increases with the increase in the concentration of sulfides (from 50 to 150 mg/l) during the course of treatment. After treatment with baths with a concentration of sulfides of 300 mg/l or more, a decrease in this indicator is observed. The latter indicates a suppression of the function of the adrenal cortex - a decrease in the adaptive capabilities of the body, which usually occurs when the action of strong (“emergency”) stimuli is summed. These data indicate that baths with sulfide concentrations of 300 mg/l or more should be used with caution. Favorable changes in the level of redox processes, central and peripheral hemodynamics, immunological reactions of the body under the influence of medium-concentration sulfide baths allow these procedures to be widely used in the treatment of many pathological conditions, primarily diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, female genital area, skin diseases, chronic intoxication with salts of heavy metals (lead, mercury), toxic polyneuritis, encephalitis, etc. d.

In connection with the deepening of knowledge about the mechanism of action of sulfide waters on the body, indications for the appointment of sulfide therapy in last years revised and changed in the direction of expansion in some forms of atherosclerosis lesions of cerebral and coronary vessels, in particular, in the form of local procedures, they are prescribed in the short term (1.5-2 months) after some forms of myocardial infarction, stroke of cerebral vessels; with chronic sluggish diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract (during the interictal period) (V. A. Ivanov, 1952; 3. S. Melnitskaya, 1976; E. I. Sorokin, 1976, etc.).

Contraindications: in addition to general contraindications to hydrotherapy, sulfide therapy is contraindicated in patients with advanced atherosclerosis of the vessels of the heart and brain; after repeated myocardial infarctions; patients with a recurrent form of myocardial infarction, as well as complicated in the acute period severe course(cardiogenic shock, severe cardiac arrhythmias) aneurysm; patients with hypertension PB stage and above; patients with circulatory insufficiency exceeding I degree, patients with severe frequent attacks of angina pectoris; with chronic diseases of the liver and biliary tract, who have experienced an exacerbation of the disease over the past year, and some others.

It should be borne in mind that in the practice of sulfide therapy there are cases of the so-called poor tolerance of sulfide baths, associated with the toxic-allergic effects of sulfides on the body. Moreover, they are observed not only when patients receive baths of high concentration, but when baths contain sulfides of 100-150 mg/l, and occasionally even at a very low concentration of sulfides (50 mg/l). L. 3. Sterninson et al. (1975) in the analysis of cases of "poor tolerance" that took place in the hospitals of Matsesta, found that pathological abnormalities in the body of patients can be mild, moderate and severe. K. F. Nikitin believes that the main reason for the toxic effects of sulfides is the excess concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air.

In the mechanisms of the toxic effect of sulfides on the body, as is known, two phases are distinguished. The first is the excitation phase. It is due to the reflexogenic influence from the carotid sinus zone. In this phase, shortness of breath, hypertension, erythrocytosis, hyperglycemia, etc. are observed. The second is the phase of paralysis; characterized by inhibition of the respiratory and vasomotor centers and is the result of a direct effect of sulfides on the centers.

In addition to the sometimes completely undesirable adverse effects on the body, sulfide water, being an aggressive environment, can very quickly render hospital equipment and communications unusable. Hydrogen sulfide released into the air can pollute neighboring rooms.

All of the above must be taken into account in the construction and organization of hydrogen sulfide clinics. The latter should be placed "in a separate building or an isolated compartment of the building. All rooms of hydrogen sulfide clinics must have a good supply and exhaust ventilation, providing a minimum content of hydrogen sulfide in the air, not exceeding 10 micrograms per 1 liter of air.

When studying the composition and physical and chemical properties hydrogen sulfide waters, especially highly concentrated ones, and the balneological conditions of their operation should strictly provide for measures to reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air of bathroom buildings when taking such baths to acceptable harmless values, while ensuring the constancy of the concentration of sulfides in the bath, as well as preserving the natural composition and natural properties sulfide mineral waters.

The ventilation system and the sewage system of hydrogen sulfide clinics are isolated from other premises. Wall decoration, plumbing and sewer pipes, as well as equipment must be made of materials resistant to hydrogen sulfide. The staff is specially trained; when working, it is necessary to observe a number of absolutely mandatory rules.

Slag baths

Slag baths are used for therapeutic purposes in some regions of the USSR (Donbass, Dnepropetrovsk, Tula, etc.), where there is a metallurgical production. The hot slag formed during the smelting of iron is collected in special containers (granulation pools) to “extinguish” it. cold water. In water, sulfur compounds are leached from slag, which pass into solution, forming the so-called slag water of a pronounced alkaline reaction (pH 8.8–9.6). The chemical composition of slag water is not constant. It depends on the quantity and quality of the slag, as well as on the quality of the coal poured into the blast furnace, which contains sulfur compounds in large or smaller quantities.

Dnipropetrovsk slag waters are thiosulfate-calcium sulfate waters, which in other places are called sulfur-slag, blast-furnace-slag, granulation waters.

The pronounced alkaline reaction of slag waters excludes the possibility of the presence of free hydrogen sulfide in them in any significant quantities.

The main components of slag waters are thiosulfates and calcium ions. They contain hydrogen sulfide only in the form of sulfides, that is, in a bound state, and therefore the identification of slag waters with sulfide waters and the assignment of the healing properties of hydrogen sulfide waters to them is incorrect. In the action of slag waters on the skin, the main role belongs to hydrosulfide ions contained in them in large quantities during their alkaline reaction.

Slag baths are prepared by mixing hot (fresh) slag water with pre-cooled water stored in special tanks to obtain water of the required temperature.

Slag waters are used in the form of general and local (manual, foot) baths. General bath temperature 35-37°C, duration 10-12-15 min, carried out every other day, local - temperature 36-38°C, duration 12-15-20 min, daily or every other day. In total, the course of treatment is 10-15 general or 15-20 local baths.

Slag baths are effective for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (joints, muscles, tendons), for damage to the peripheral nervous system (radiculitis, neuritis, neuralgia, polyneuritis, plexitis, etc.), for functional disorders of the nervous system, diseases of the cardiovascular system , diseases and some skin diseases.

Sodium chloride (salt) baths

Sodium chloride waters have been used in balneological practice for a long time. However, the issue of studying the essence of their physiological and therapeutic effects on the body has not been given sufficient attention.

The categorical assertion at the time by a number of domestic and foreign scientists that intact skin is impermeable to salts dissolved in water was, to some extent, the reason for the long-term loss of interest in studying the effect of sodium chloride baths on the body. At the same time, the position expressed by V. A. Manassein2, which, in our opinion, is very correct, was completely ignored: her, depending on the special purpose, then this, then another thermal or mechanical irritation, you can produce very significant, closely related changes in the work of the heart, the activity of the nerves, the formation and regulation of heat, the separation and properties of digestive juices and metabolism.

The range of diseases for which these waters are used was limited to a few nosological units. The hydrogeological reserves of sodium chloride waters and their chemical composition, patterns of formation and distribution have not been sufficiently studied. The need for a wider and more rational, scientifically based use of sodium chloride waters in medical practice was dictated by life itself, since these waters are widespread in nature, their artificial analogues are easily reproduced in any conditions. medical institution, the chemical composition of many natural sodium chloride waters is similar (in qualitative terms) to the ion-salt composition of organs and tissues of a living organism.

Clinical and experimental studies on this problem have been carried out at TsNIIKiF and other institutions (Sverdlovsk Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, Tomsk Medical Institute), as well as at a number of resorts in the country (Druskininkai, Ust-Kachka, Staraya Russa, Chartak, etc.).

The study of the distribution, composition and resources of the chloride waters of the USSR (G.N. Plotnikova, 1974) according to the literature and stock materials made it possible to strictly document the position known to balneologists that these waters are within Soviet Union have an exceptionally wide - regional - distribution. They make up the bulk of underground mineral waters and occupy more than 60-70% of the entire territory of the USSR.

By chemical composition Among the considered waters, the following main groups are distinguished.

Sodium chloride, less often calcium-sodium with mineralization from 2 to 35 g / l.

Sodium chloride and calcium-sodium brines with mineralization from 35 to 350 g/l.

Chloride calcium-sodium, calcium, less calcium-magnesium ultrastrong brines with mineralization from 350 to 600 g/l.

The formation of chloride waters with salinity up to 35 g/l (and somewhat more) is explained by their formation in sea basins of normal salinity; the origin of brines up to 150 g/l is associated with the dolomite and gypsum stages of halogenesis; strong brines up to 350 g/l - with a halite stage of salt loading; ultrastrong brines with a mineralization of 350-600 g/l, enriched in Ca, Mg, K, Br, Bo, often Fe, apparently represent the residual brine of ancient brine basins. Part of sodium chloride brines (mainly high concentration) is formed as a result of leaching of halogen deposits by infiltration waters.

In accordance with the general geothermal regime of the subsoil, chloride waters at depths of more than 1000 m are usually thermal (temperature > 35°C).

The statistical reserves of chloride waters and brines on the territory of the USSR amount to hundreds of thousands of cubic kilometers and are practically inexhaustible. However, in different basins they are characterized by different hydrogeological parameters and are of different value for practical use.

In the USSR, the main areas of distribution of sodium chloride waters have been identified, constituting 4 basins with different flow rates, salinity, composition, and temperatures; self-draining and without self-draining. Promising areas for their further resort development have been identified. These include Western Siberia, the Kuroarak lowland, abounding in self-flowing thermal iodine-bromine waters, as well as the European part of the Union (North-Western and Central regions). Currently, 48 resorts and 32 hospitals are already operating using sodium chloride water. There are 11 bottling plants. 16 wells have been drilled only in Moscow and the Moscow region. A number of trade union and departmental sanatoriums in the Moscow region operate wells with sodium chloride water, including Dorohovo, Zvenigorod, Porechye, Monino, Ereno, Istra, and others. In the courtyard of TsNIIKiF, two types of natural water - chloride sodium mineralization 120 g / l, used for external use (dilute with tap water to the required concentration for therapeutic use), and sulfate sodium-magnesium-calcium mineralization 4 g / l - for drinking treatment, washing - bowel irrigation, inhalations etc.

An analysis of the data obtained in recent years makes it possible to get a clearer idea of ​​the mechanism of action of sodium chloride waters. The main active principle of these waters on the body are the salts dissolved in them. Even earlier, balneologists (L. Bertenson, 1902; A. A. Lozinsky, 1949) noted that in the mechanism of action of sodium chloride waters on the body essential role plays the so-called salt coat, which is formed on the skin during the procedure and determines the reflex reactions of the body not only during it, but also in the aftereffect period.

The works carried out in recent years have established that sodium chloride waters, when applied externally in the form of baths, have a peculiar, inherent only action, which manifests itself in many ways and depends on the concentration and temperature of the water in the bath, as well as on the initial state of the organism. It was revealed that, in addition to the general reflex effect, the skin irritating effect of the chemical composition of water, local changes are also important in the mechanism of action of sodium chloride baths - pronounced functional shifts in the receptor apparatus of the skin of humans and animals, as well as in the cellular elements and blood vessels of the skin. Depending on the concentration (10-100 g/l), changes occur in the skin, starting with proliferative processes and ending with necrosis. Baths with a concentration of 60 g/l in intact animals cause an increase in high-energy phosphorus compounds in the tissues of the heart, liver and skeletal muscles, which indicates stimulation of the synthesis of ATP and creatine phosphate and the accumulation of energy resources in the tissues of these organs. Destructive changes in the skin can be the result of an overdose, not only in terms of the concentration of salts in the water, but also in terms of the frequency of arranging procedures over time. For example, they were found in animals that received daily procedures, and at the same time they were not found in those who had baths for two days in a row with a break on the 3rd day. In animals with the initial manifestation of atherosclerosis, a change in the content of norepinephrine in the adrenal glands was found: its increase indicates the effect of baths on the process of catecholamine biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla. Medium concentrations of baths increase the excitability of the central nervous system and the endocrine apparatus (pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid gland). The use of the stereotaxic method showed that sodium chloride baths at a concentration of 60 g/l cause a generalized reaction in various parts of the brain, contributing to an increase in the processes of excitation and inhibition. Baths with a concentration of 30 g/l qualitatively change the relationship between the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus, and the bioelectrical activity of the anterior part of the latter (parasympathetic) increases, and the posterior (sympathetic) decreases. Baths of chloride sodium iodide-bromine water in the course of application to animals with experimental atherosclerosis in the initial stage inhibit the development of the process, lead to a decrease in the concentration of organ-specific antibodies (S. I. Serov et al., 1975). Here, apparently, the influence of the iodine component also affects, which is confirmed by the activation of the process of biosynthesis of adrenaline in the adrenal glands and inhibition of the oxidative breakdown of catecholamines, which was detected in animals with experimental atherosclerosis during the course use of artificial iodine-bromine baths. In works with age-related endocrine models of atherosclerosis, the interest of neuroendocrine regulation in the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of sodium chloride-iodine-bromine water on the development of the pathological process was revealed. A study of the effect of sodium chloride baths with a concentration of 50 g/l, temperatures of 42°C, 25-30°C and 36-37°C on the heat exchange of healthy people showed that their thermal effect differs significantly from the effect of fresh and other mineral and gas baths. From a hot sodium chloride bath, an average of 11.9 kcal / min enters the body (from fresh 8.3 kcal / min), while blood supply to the skin increases by 6.1 l / min (in fresh water by 4.8 l / min ). The study of the physiological and therapeutic effect of sodium chloride baths in the clinic and experiment made it possible to establish that the minimum concentration at which the specific effect of sodium chloride water begins to manifest itself when applied externally is 10 g / l, at a concentration of 20-40 g / l the effect of water becomes quite distinct, and at a concentration of more than 40 g / l, especially at 60-80 g / l, negative reactions from the cardiovascular, nervous and other systems of the body often begin to appear.

In patients with chronic venous insufficiency, by measuring the tone of venous vessels according to B. E. Votchal (data from E. V. Savelyeva, 1974), under the influence of sodium chloride baths, the most pronounced increase in the elastic-viscous properties of the walls of venous vessels was established in comparison with all other baths (radon and others .). Improving the tonic properties of the venous wall contributes to a better outflow of blood from the extremities. The combination of this effect with the modest increase in arterial blood flow from these baths is best option changes in the peripheral circulation in the affected limbs in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. At the same time, general hemodynamics improves and an increase in the function of the anticoagulant system of blood is observed.

The versatile effect of the influence of sodium chloride baths on the body made it possible to expand the indications for their appointment and clarify the method of application (water temperature, duration of the procedure).

According to their clinical and physiological action, sodium chloride waters can be divided into waters of low concentration - from 10 to 20 g/l, medium concentration - from 20 to 40 g/l and high concentration - from 40 to 80 g/l.

It has now been established that sodium chloride baths, with an adequately selected method and dosage, have a regulatory effect on the functional state of the central nervous system, cause immunological restructuring in the body, significantly change the course of metabolic processes, etc. An analgesic, anti-inflammatory and desensitizing them have been identified. effect in patients with degenerative and other joint lesions. It should be assumed that these changes in the body of patients are the result of the stimulating effect of sodium chloride baths on the function of various organs and systems, the result of their favorable effect on the adaptive-restorative mechanisms and mechanisms of sanogenesis. Clinical observations have shown that sodium chloride baths have a beneficial effect on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in patients with hypotonic neurocirculatory dystonia, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease in adults and children, etc. The positive effect of these baths on a number of indicators of the functional state the central nervous system and hemodynamics (REG, oscillography) is much more pronounced compared with carbon dioxide, radon and sulfide baths widely used in such patients (3. S. Melnitskaya et al., 1970, etc.).

In non-resort environments, artificial sodium chloride baths are now much more widely used, which are prepared by dissolving table (lake or sea) salt in fresh water in the amount necessary to obtain the desired concentration (most often from 10 to 40 g / l, less often more).

Technique for the preparation of artificial sodium chloride baths. Cooking (lake or sea) salt is poured into a canvas bag, and even better into a special sieve, which is placed in a bath under a jet hot water. As the salt dissolves, cold water is added to the bath to the required temperature (35-38 ° C). In this case, salt dissolves relatively slowly, but insoluble particles mixed with it do not get into the water.

Baths from natural and artificially prepared sodium chloride water at a temperature of 35-38 ° C are carried out for a duration of 10 to 20 minutes, every other day or 2 days in a row with a break on the 3rd day. Total for the course 12-15 baths.

Indications; diseases of the cardiovascular system - the initial manifestations of atherosclerosis, myocardial and atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, myocardial dystrophy, rheumatic heart disease in adults and children of the I degree of process activity with circulatory failure I and initial II degree; hypertension stage I and PA, hypotension, initial manifestations of obliterating diseases of the vessels of the extremities, varicose veins and post-thrombophlebitic syndrome; diseases of the organs of movement - arthritis and polyarthritis of non-tuberculous origin (rheumatic, infectious non-specific, degenerative-dystrophic, brucellosis, dysentery, etc.); diseases of the spine (spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, spondyloarthritis - Bechterew's disease); diseases and consequences of traumatic injuries of bones, muscles, tendons; diseases of the central (consequences of spinal cord injuries, consequences of poliomyelitis, etc.) and peripheral nervous system (plexitis, radiculitis, polyradiculitis, etc.); chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (uterus, appendages, adhesive processes after surgery), functional ovarian failure; some skin (psoriasis, neurodermatitis) and other diseases.

Contraindications are the same as for hydrotherapy procedures in general (circulatory failure II-III degree, severe angina pectoris with frequently recurring attacks, stage III hypertension, with a tendency to cerebrovascular accident, etc.). In addition, the period is earlier than one year after septic thrombophlebitis from the moment the temperature normalizes, provided there are no changes in the blood; a period earlier than 2-3 months after the end of thrombophlebitis, which proceeded with a short-term increase in temperature, without exacerbations; thrombophlebitis with a tendency to recurrence or accompanied by progressive inflammatory changes; for patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the legs, it is necessary to consider chamber foot baths contraindicated due to the position when taking them, which is unfavorable for venous outflow.

Iodine-bromine baths

In nature, "pure" iodine-bromine water does not exist. Iodine and bromine ions, along with other trace elements, are most often found in sodium chloride waters, which are widespread in large areas of the Soviet Union, especially in oil-bearing regions. The accumulation of bromine and iodine in natural waters, according to E. V. Iosifova et al. (1968), promotes their assimilation by some marine organisms and sorption of silts, especially peat, by organic matter.

Sodium chloride water containing iodine always contains bromine. Bromine can be found in these waters without iodine. Its quantity varies within very large limits (from several units to several thousand milligrams per liter). Depending on the predominance of iodine or bromine in water, sodium chloride water is usually called iodine-bromine or bromine-iodine.

The criterion for evaluating iodine-bromine water in a therapeutic sense, according to VV Ivanov, G^. A. Nevraeva (1964), is the content of iodine in it is not less than 10 mg/l and bromine is not less than 25 mg/l.

Iodine-bromine waters have been used for medicinal purposes for a long time. Literature data indicate that medicinal properties iodine-bromine waters of the Salsonmaggiore resort (Italy) were discovered more than 100 years ago.

Baths from natural sodium chloride waters containing iodine and bromine are used in our country at the resorts of Ust-Kachka, Khodyzhensk, Maikop, Goryachiy Klyuch, Chartak, Tavda, Talitsa, Turinsk, etc. A large amount of bromine is contained in Moscow sodium chloride water (Boenskaya well - 400 mg/l, well TsNIIKiF - more than 300 mg/l).

Iodine and bromine, as a rule, are contained in natural sodium chloride waters of high salinity. Using such water for medicinal purposes, it must be diluted (sometimes many times - 1:6, 1:9) with fresh water. Very often, such a dilution leads to a sharp decrease in the content of iodine and bromine. The remaining minimum amount of iodine and bromine is beyond their content in water, which, in accordance with current classification considered to be medicinal iodine-bromine water. Often these trace elements, especially iodine, completely disappear when diluted. This should be taken into account when evaluating the action of the leading therapeutic factor in such diluted waters, so as not to attribute their therapeutic role to a trace element contained in a minimal amount or completely absent.

The importance of iodine and bromine ions for the body can hardly be overestimated, since they are biologically active substances and play a huge role in the life of the body. They are part of various organs and tissues, but the largest amount of iodine is in the thyroid gland, bromine - in the pituitary gland.

The positive decision at present by the majority of authors of the issue of the penetration of iodine and bromine through intact skin from bath water allows us to attribute iodine-bromine (bromide) baths to the category of active balneotherapeutic procedures that have a biological effect on the body.

In a broad sense, the effect of bromide baths - experiment and clinic is studied at the Sverdlovsk Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy (works by S. I. Serov, V. E. Tsitsina, L. A. Kozlova, I. G. Balabanova, I. E. Oransky and others .). In the collection of works of the institute "Atherosclerosis and its bromide balneotherapy" (1974), published under the editorship of. S. I. Serov, the results of many years of research on the mechanism of action and the therapeutic use of sodium chloride bromide water in atherosclerosis are summarized. Experimental and clinical evidence of the inhibitory effect of bromide water on the development of atherosclerosis was obtained.

Clinical and experimental studies have established that iodine-bromine (bromiodic) baths, by their influence on the leading physiological systems of the body - the nervous, cardiovascular, sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems, can create favorable conditions for the formation of compensatory-adaptive and regenerative reactions of the body and thereby contribute to if not recovery, then a significant change in the pathological process in many diseases, the pathogenesis of which is a violation of the function of the central nervous system, metabolic processes, thyroid function, etc. In practice, it has been noticed that iodine-bromine baths are a mild irritant. Research has established that they have a physiological effect on the activity of the circulatory system in its various parts. Therefore, with appropriate indications, they are prescribed even to older people.

Good results have been obtained in the treatment of elderly patients with diseases of the joints (I. 3. Vulfson, 1965), with the initial manifestations of atherosclerosis (L. I. Goldenberg, 1962), thyrotoxicosis (V. X. Shogenov, 1967; G. Ya. Gaidash , 1972), with some cardiovascular diseases (N. G. Khoroshavin, 1968; F. L. Barg et al., 1963), skin diseases (P. M. Zorin, I. A. Telishevskaya, 1964), etc. .

At present, artificial iodine-bromine baths are becoming more widespread, the method of preparation of which has been developed at the Central Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy. When preparing them, they take as a basis the composition of the natural mineral water of the Khodyzhensk resort (according to the content of chlorine, bromine and iodine in the latter).

100 g of sodium iodide and 250 g of potassium bromide are dissolved in 1 liter of water. The solution is placed in a dark bottle. 200 liters of fresh water of the required temperature are poured into the bath. 2 kg of table (lake or sea) salt is added to this water and thoroughly stirred until it is completely dissolved; after that, 100 ml of the prepared solution is poured from a dark bottle. It is better to use a freshly prepared solution. The shelf life of the solution should not exceed 7 days.

Baths at a temperature of 35-37°C, lasting 10-12-15 minutes, are carried out every other day or 2 days in a row with rest on the 3rd day. Total for the course of treatment 15-20 baths.

Indications: iodine-bromine waters are used for a wide variety of diseases of the cardiovascular system, diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems (thyrotoxicosis stage I and II, obesity), musculoskeletal system, female genital area, etc.

Contraindications are common for hydrotherapy.

In more detail, various aspects of the therapeutic use of iodine-bromine baths are described in the book by I. 3. Vulfson "Iodine-bromine waters and their therapeutic use in diseases of the joints" (1973).

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Aromatic bathsRadon baths

Iodine-bromine baths are physiotherapeutic procedures in which warm water with diluted iodine-bromine salt is used. This method of treatment is used for diseases of the nervous system, thyroid gland. For children, iodine-bromine baths are used only as directed by a doctor. Similar treatment sessions can be arranged at home, but this should be done only as directed by a doctor, since there are a number of contraindications.

The doctor prescribes the duration of water procedures on an individual basis. The course of treatment will depend on the underlying pathological process, the general health of the patient and his age.

Iodine-bromine baths consist of iodine and bromine. The temperature regime of water should be taken into account - all this in combination produces the following effect:

• sedative;
• anti-inflammatory;
• improves metabolism;
• the work of the thyroid gland is stimulated;
• blood pressure rises;
• reduce chronic joint pain;
• muscle tone decreases;
• sleep is normalized.

As a prophylactic, iodine-bromine baths are often prepared at home. The main thing is to correctly observe the proportions of the components.

Indications of iodine-bromine baths are as follows:

Such baths for uterine fibroids should be used with caution and only on the recommendation of a doctor. You should not take iodine-bromine baths at your own discretion if you have heart disease - in some cases, the procedure can cause irreparable harm to the body.

Iodine-bromine baths

Contraindications for iodine-bromine baths are as follows:

• pituitary obesity;
• hyperthyroidism;
• sharp infectious diseases;
• gout;
• ischemic disease of 2 and 3 degrees;
• arterial hypertension of the second degree;
• thrombophlebitis and a high predisposition to pathology;
• mental disorders, when the patient cannot control himself, is prone to extremely inappropriate and aggressive behavior;
• severe form of atherosclerosis;
• a heart attack in a personal history;
• individual intolerance to the main components - bromine and iodine;
• diabetes;
• depletion of the body.

If there are contraindications, you can not take such baths. If there is any doubt about the presence of contraindications, without fail You must first consult with your doctor.

How to use iodine-bromine baths for myoma?

Only after the approval of the doctor can physiotherapy procedures be used.

The best option is to undergo a course of physiotherapy procedures in a sanatorium medical institution under the supervision of a doctor. However, if this is not possible, you can take a bath at home. There is no need to prepare the mixture yourself, since the pharmacy sells ready-made salt.

The procedure should go as follows:

• water temperature - no more than 37 degrees;
• the solution should reach the level of the chest;
• the optimal time spent in water is 10-15 minutes;
• it is better to take a bath at least 1.5 hours after eating.

It should be noted that such water procedures do not have to be general. You can do local baths for hands or feet. Such methods of therapy are quite effective in diseases of the musculoskeletal system or dermatological pathological processes.

Water procedures have a complex positive effect on the body, but before using them, you should definitely consult a doctor. If during the bath the patient felt a deterioration in well-being, the therapy should be urgently stopped and the attending doctor should be notified about this - it is quite possible that an examination will be needed to clarify the cause of the ailment.

Mineral water as a medicine - how to take it correctly

For many diseases, special mineral water is prescribed, which helps the body recover faster, just like medicines. But, unlike them, it does not have a negative impact on other organs and systems, does not violate the body's natural defenses - immunity.

If you decide to conduct a course of treatment or prevention on your own, then the recommendations of this article will be useful to you: for which diseases you can take medicinal mineral water, what should be the chemical composition and degree of mineralization, at what time and in what dosages, even a certain temperature, in depending on the diagnosis.

After all, the effect of therapeutic mineral water on the body is very complex and complex.

Ideally, medicinal mineral water should be prescribed by the attending physician, taking into account the underlying disease and concomitant diseases.

But most of us try to go to the doctors as little as possible. In the event of a relapse or exacerbation, as a rule, we take previously prescribed medications. And in this case, at least once again we read the instructions for using the drug.

The attitude to taking medicinal mineral water is different, less cautious. For example, until I needed to learn in more detail and in detail about what mineral water, when and how to drink correctly, I periodically bought Borjomi for health prevention. digestive systems s.

And I was surprised that sometimes the effect in 4-5 days was simply amazing.

Iodo-bromine baths indications and contraindications

Insignificant discomfort in the stomach and liver quickly disappeared, lightness was felt throughout the body and additional energy appeared, the condition of the skin of the face and body improved.

But sometimes on the contrary - sharp pains in the stomach began, weakness and headache appeared.

As it turned out, all this is due to the fact that medicinal mineral water must be taken not only in strictly metered volumes, but also at a certain time interval before meals, depending on the state of the body and the disease.

Water temperature is also of great importance: it can be room temperature or almost hot - up to 50 degrees.

When by chance all the “correct” conditions coincided with me, there was a positive result, when the time of admission and regularity were violated, or the dosage was negative.

But I “prescribed” only prophylactic intake of mineral water to myself in order to maintain the acid-base balance of the body in the norm, and periodically replenish the inevitable deficiency of essential minerals.

And for those who have a serious disease of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, kidneys, for example, pyelonephritis, the correct intake of mineral water is not even very great importance but literally life.

The complex effect of mineral water on the body.

Its action begins in the oral cavity: receptors are irritated and salivation increases. In the cavity of the stomach, when interacting with the mucosa, the digestion process is activated or slowed down. Depending on the composition of the water, changes occur simultaneously in the functions of the liver and gallbladder, kidneys, pancreas, and other organs.

Water absorption occurs in the upper intestines, minerals enter the blood and lymph, the formation of biologically active substances is activated, the chemical composition of not only liquids, but also tissues changes. The activity of organs and systems of the body, the metabolic rate are stimulated.

How to use therapeutic mineral waters correctly.

Time of receipt.

In most cases, mineral water is taken 15-30 minutes before meals, in small sips. In this case, its impact will be maximum and longer. This technique is recommended for reduced gastric secretion in order to increase the secretion of gastric juice.

With normal secretion of gastric juice, water intake is prescribed 45-60 minutes before meals.

In the event that it is necessary, on the contrary, to reduce the intensity of the production of gastric juice, with increased acidity, it is necessary to drink mineral water an hour and a half before meals, at one time, in one gulp.

Water will quickly pass from the stomach to the intestines, and will have a “braking” effect, reduce the production of gastric juice. They also quickly drink a glass of medicinal table water for constipation, an hour before meals.

In case of peptic ulcer, it is recommended to take therapeutic and therapeutic mineral water after meals, after 20-30 minutes. However, comorbidities must be taken into account.

The course of treatment is from 3 to 6 weeks. Repeated courses are recommended only after 3-4 months - this will avoid the accumulation of salts in the kidneys. The optimal implementation of such intensive treatment courses is 2 times a year.

Dosage of medicinal water.

Depending on what kind of mineral water you have been prescribed: medical-table or medicinal, its one-time intake varies from 1 tbsp. l. to a glass. It depends on the degree of mineralization and indications. Medicinal table waters are usually prescribed 3-4 times a day, 200-250 ml per dose. The optimal amount during the day is 600-800 ml.

For the treatment of diseases of the urinary tract, with cystitis, this amount can be increased, on the recommendation of a doctor, up to 1200-1500 ml. And in case of violation of the activity of the cardiovascular system and blood circulation, it is reduced to 1-2 doses.

How to choose the right mineral water temperature.

Cold water or room temperature, from 10 to 20 degrees, is recommended to drink to stimulate bowel activity, with chronic constipation, if folk recipes do not help.

In chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency, optimum temperature- 20-30 degrees.

In order to reduce the secretion of the digestive glands, water with a temperature of 35-45 degrees is prescribed for chronic gastritis with high acidity, cholecystitis, peptic ulcer and cholelithiasis, chronic hepatitis.

Reception of warm mineral water, with a temperature of 30 to 50 degrees, is prescribed for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, for diseases of the intestines.

What mineral water is prescribed for the treatment of the digestive system

Chronic gastritis with high and normal acidity.

Assign bicarbonate-sulfate or carbonate medicinal table water with a mineralization of 3-5 g per liter, non-carbonated or slightly carbonated: Avadhara, Dilijan, Sairme, Slavyanovskaya.

Chronic gastritis with reduced secretion.

Assign bicarbonate-chloride, chloride-sulfate, carbonic or bicarbonate waters with a mineralization of 5-15 g per liter: "Essentuki" No. 4 and No. 17, "Izhevskaya", "Berezovskaya".

In chronic pancreatitis without frequent exacerbations.

Chloride-sulfate, hydrocarbonate, sulfate waters with a mineralization of 5-15 g per liter can be prescribed: Slavyanovskaya, Essentuki No. 17, Karmadon, Izhevskaya.

Mineral waters for the treatment of kidneys.

Healing mineral waters are prescribed for cystitis, urolithiasis, in the presence of infectious processes. With the correct and regular use of mineral water, mucus and pathogenic microorganisms are removed from the kidneys faster, stones are destroyed and excreted, and mineral metabolism is restored.

But there will be a positive effect only if mineral water is prescribed correctly, taking into account the chemical composition of the stones and the resulting salts.

The composition of the water should be alkaline with uric acid diuresis and oxalates - pH 7.2 - 8.5.

If stones and salts are formed by phosphates, mineral waters with an acidic environment are prescribed - pH 3.5 - 6.8, containing silicon, fluorine, copper, tungsten or iron - these trace elements accelerate the dissolution of phosphate stones.

If the passage of urine is difficult or if the urinary tract is dilated, if there is a tendency to form edema, or if there are cardiovascular diseases, it is not recommended to take large doses of therapeutic mineral water.

In such cases, the doctor may prescribe to take medicinal table water or table water with low mineralization: hydrocarbonate, sulfate-hydrocarbonate, or containing organic substances. Recommended "Borjomi", "Narzan", "Naftusya".

The use of iodine-bromine baths at home: tips and reviews

Brine of the salt lake of Saki.

Rapa is a unique natural component - water with a high salinity content. It is mined in estuaries - unique salt lakes, the salt content in brine is one and a half times higher than their content in the water of the world's oceans. Unique salt lake brine, given its special composition, has a number of specific properties.

The increased content of minerals and salts in it allows the use of brine for medicinal purposes, many have heard about the unique healing properties of salt. All salt lakes on the planet are unique, and therefore the brine that is mined in them has unique properties. The brine of the salt lake of Saki, which is actively used in the health centers of many Crimean sanatoriums, has special properties.

Brine treatment is indicated for people suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and digestive systems. It has proven itself in the fight against lung diseases, and also contributes to overall health and immunity. Since the brine of salt lakes is the purest natural resource, its use has practically no contraindications. Comprehensive sanatorium treatment using brine is indicated for people of all ages, including children, who often suffer from allergic reactions to drugs and for whom gentle healing methods are especially important.
Treatment of tonsillitis with mud is one of the methods of healing ENT organs.

Treatment with brine of a salt lake in the sanatorium Poltava Crimea.

One of the famous Crimean sanatoriums, which actively practices brine treatment, is the sanatorium "Poltava Crimea". Among the main activities of the sanatorium, it is worth noting gynecological and urological diseases, as well as diseases of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system.

Iodine-bromine baths indications and contraindications

The sanatorium offers a lot of wellness programs aimed at combating dermatological diseases and various respiratory diseases.

To get rid of severe chronic diseases, it is enough just to take baths with healing salt water, the effect of such a simple and pleasant procedure is simply incredible. It is difficult to imagine that in the age of modern medicine, simple and affordable brine baths help to cope with many serious diseases, the indications for them are as follows:

- chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
- chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, including neurocirculatory dystonia;
- hypertension stage I-II;
- phlebeurysm;
- gynecological and urological diseases, including infertility;
- the initial stages of atherosclerosis;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- dermatological diseases;
- diseases of the broncho-pulmonary system.

In the fight against all the above types of diseases, treatment with brine from Lake Saki is used, the sanatorium "Poltava Crimea" is located in the resort of Saki, in close proximity to Lake Saki. One of the main wellness procedures, which are used in the sanatorium, are brine baths, this is a very pleasant procedure from an aesthetic point of view and incredibly effective method recovery.

Regular treatment with brine in a sanatorium allows you to successfully fight all the above types of diseases, more effective healing is facilitated by the use of healing silt mud and mineral water in the treatment, as well as the favorable climate of the Black Sea coast.

Therapeutic baths, brine and mud, can be prescribed only after a full examination and consultation with a doctor. Like any method of recovery, they are not shown to everyone, but in comparison with contraindications to drug treatment a narrow range of contraindications in this case seems quite insignificant. Only an experienced specialist can determine whether brine baths will help in the fight against the disease, contraindications to them are as follows:
- any disease in the acute stage;
- thrombophlebitis;
- renal failure stage I-II;
- polyneuropathy;
- fungal diseases of the skin.

In the sanatorium "Poltava Krym" clients are guaranteed an individual approach, highly qualified specialists with experience prescribe individual treatment to patients, which is based on the use of priceless natural components - brine and silt mud of Lake Saki.
Sanatorium for the treatment of arthrosis of the hands - details on the site.

Foam composition for course bathing - "Biolong 1"

Shown with chronic fatigue syndrome; vertebrogenic dorsopathy (osteochondrosis) with reflex syndromes of the lumbar level: lumbago, lumboischialgia with severe vegetative-vascular and trophic disorders; vertebrogenic dorsopathy with radicular manifestations of the lumbar level in the stage of incomplete remission and subacute stage with moderately pronounced static-dynamic disorders; thoracalgia; cogcygodynia; cervicalgia; humeroscapular periarthrosis.

Applies alone or in combination with other wellness treatments. The highest effect is achieved with course use (10-12 procedures). One-time procedures are possible when adapting to changing time zones.

Active substance:

Mitofen (antihypoxant-antioxidant)- neutralizes oxidizing agents that are formed during acute oxygen deficiency, provides an increase in the energy supply of living cells and thereby prevents the increased formation of free radicals under hypoxic conditions under unfavorable external factors, contributes to the normal accumulation of energy.

Warm bath water will ensure uniform transdermal delivery of active substances, create a feeling of cleanliness and comfortable thermostatic relaxation. The absence of fragrances minimizes the risk of allergic manifestations.

Mode of application: Dissolve 50 ml of the product in a standard or whirlpool bath with a volume of ~ 200 liters.

The beneficial effects of iodine-bromine baths

The duration of the procedure is 20 minutes. The water temperature should not exceed 37-38°C. Therapeutic and preventive course is 10-12 procedures taken every other day or two days in a row, the day of the break.

It is advisable to repeat the course every six months.

Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components, heart attack and stroke in the acute phase, oncological and acute infectious diseases (and other diseases and conditions common to balneology), pregnancy (no tests have been conducted).

Release form:

in cans of 10 liters;

in bottles of 50 ml, designed for one procedure, in a package of 10 pieces;

Expiration date: 12 months from the date of production.

Biolong 1 in packs of 500 ml (10 vials of 50 ml) for 10 treatments is specially designed for easy use at home. Therefore, each client of the sanatorium, having completed a course of baths with Biolong, can purchase a course of baths for himself and his loved ones at the pharmacy of the sanatorium.

Go to online store

Taking a bath since ancient times is not only a personal hygiene procedure, but can also have a preventive and therapeutic effect on the human body. Long-term world practice confirms the healing effect on the human body of various hydrotherapy procedures. Therapeutic baths, as a rule, simultaneously have a chemical, mechanical and thermal effect on the human body. In addition, some therapeutic baths can be considered as a hardening procedure. Unfortunately, therapeutic baths may have contraindications for use. In order for these procedures to bring only health, the doctor should decide on the appointment of specific types of baths.

Types of therapeutic baths:
According to the degree of immersion of the body in water, baths are divided into:
General (the body is completely immersed in water).
Half-baths (the body is immersed in water only up to the waist).
Local (hands or feet are immersed in water).

According to the chemical composition, therapeutic baths can be very diverse. Below are the most common ones.

• Hydrogen sulfide baths. These hydrotherapy procedures use mineral waters enriched with hydrogen sulfide, which has a variety of effects on the human body. Hydrogen sulfide baths help improve metabolism, remove toxins from the body. Favorably affect the skin and muscle tissue. Hydrogen sulfide baths are prescribed for various diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular system, some gynecological problems and skin diseases. Hydrogen sulfide baths have a specific smell of rotten eggs.

• Turpentine baths. Turpentine baths became widespread in the middle of the last century.

  Therapeutic and prophylactic baths with iodine-bromide salt

  For this procedure, a turpentine mixture is added to the water. These baths help to improve blood circulation and increase the protective functions of the body. Turpentine baths are prescribed for various diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous, genitourinary and cardiovascular systems, as well as to reduce excess weight.

• nitrogen baths. Baths, the water in which is enriched with nitrogen, have been used to treat and prevent many diseases for about 50 years. Nitrogen baths do not irritate the skin as much as other mineral baths. Nitrogen baths contribute to the normalization of the nervous, endocrine and digestive systems, help to cope with diseases of the joints.

• Carbonated baths. The water in these baths is saturated carbon dioxide. True, there are also natural fillers for such baths - carbonic mineral waters, for example, narzan. Narzan baths are a very popular procedure in the resorts of Kislovodsk (Stavropol Territory) and Shmakovka (Primorsky Territory). Carbon dioxide baths improve blood circulation, affect internal organs and the brain, enhance metabolic processes in the body. Carbonic baths are prescribed for various diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and nervous systems, as well as diseases of the skin and joints. In addition, when taking baths with mineral waters, the body is saturated with various useful substances (potassium, calcium, magnesium, fluorine and others, depending on the type of mineral water). Unfortunately, carbonic baths, like other types of baths, are contraindicated in many diseases, so they can only be prescribed by a doctor.

• Iodine-bromine baths. These baths help to fill the lack of iodine and bromine in the body and prevent many chronic diseases associated with a deficiency of these chemical elements. With various diseases of the thyroid gland, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular and other systems and organs of the body, iodine-bromine baths can be both indicated and contraindicated. This type of therapeutic bath has a positive effect on the functioning of the brain, improves metabolic processes in the body, and helps to cope with some gynecological diseases and skin diseases. Iodine-bromine baths are also prescribed for various diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

• Oxygen baths. Oxygen baths are a very popular type of hydrotherapy, which has a wide range of preventive and therapeutic effects on the body. When taking these baths, active oxygen enters the body not only through the skin, but also through the respiratory tract, as it accumulates in high concentration above the surface of the water. Oxygen, getting into the blood, is carried throughout the body, which favorably affects the work of almost all human organs and systems. Oxygen baths help to normalize the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, improve metabolism. In addition, these water treatments help fight excess weight and cellulite.

• Salt baths. For this procedure, sea or ordinary table salt is added to the water. Salt baths help to cope with the consequences of injuries, reduce joint and muscle pain, improve metabolism, help reduce excess weight, and are useful for stress. Salt baths have positive influence on many human systems and organs, but may be contraindicated, therefore, should be prescribed by a doctor, like other therapeutic baths.

• Herbal baths. In herbal baths, decoctions, tinctures, extracts, dried and freshly picked parts of medicinal plants are added to the water. For these water procedures, needles, chamomile, sage, nettle, valerian, oak bark, calamus roots, lime blossom, citrus fruits, mint and many other plants are used. A variety of fillers for such baths, as well as the range of their action is very wide. More detailed description herbal baths will be the subject of a separate article.

Take care of yourself and be healthy!

Patients with pathologies of the musculoskeletal system (ODA) are required to have complex treatment, which includes mineral baths. They have numerous positive properties.

After the bath, fatigue disappears, joints hurt less, the general condition of the body improves. Sanatorium-resort treatment is selected by a doctor. He will tell you how mineral baths are useful. The specialist will prescribe the most effective therapy, taking into account the characteristics of the body and the course of the disease.

Each session of balneotherapy has a positive effect on the patient's condition and has a powerful therapeutic effect. Mineral baths relax, soothe, stimulate metabolic processes in the body.

They also promote accelerated regeneration processes, improve blood circulation and restore the functioning of the endocrine system. Mineral baths have the following beneficial properties:

Balneotherapy also strengthens the hair and rejuvenates the skin. During the maximum opening of the pores, minerals penetrate deep into the body and have a beneficial effect on its work.

Indications and contraindications

In diseases of the musculoskeletal system, a complete medical examination should be performed in order to establish an accurate diagnosis. The doctor needs to determine the pathology and select an effective treatment, since mineral waters have their own indications and contraindications. Balneotherapy is prescribed to patients in the following situations:

• diseases of the nervous system;
• violations in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system;
• stressful condition, sleep disturbance;
• dermatitis;
• diseases of the genitourinary system;
• endocrine pathologies;
• problems in the work of the cardiovascular system;
• excess weight;
• certain dermatological diseases;
• vegetovascular dystonia (VVD).

Of the contraindications for mineral baths, the following conditions can be distinguished:

It is not recommended to visit mineral baths for women during the period of bearing a baby. Hypertension is also a contraindication for balneotherapy. The use of mineral waters should be coordinated with the attending physician.

How baths work on ODA

Mineral waters have a healing effect on the human body. The receptor apparatus of the skin is affected. During the session, redness is clearly manifested due to an increase in the number of functioning capillaries.

Mineral baths work as follows:

Due to the expansion of blood vessels, the contractile function of the myocardium and renal circulation improves. When a person is in water, chemicals, ions and trace elements affect his body.

They are absorbed through the skin. A large number of chemical elements enter the patient's body (sodium, chlorine, iodine, boron, bromine).

Varieties of mineral baths

Balneotherapy refers to a physiotherapeutic type of treatment. It is based on baths with the addition of mineral water. They help to strengthen the body and adapt to changes in the external environment.

Mineral baths restore metabolic processes, relieve pain, relax and soothe. They also have an antibacterial effect.

Hydrogen sulfide mineral baths

During each procedure, water with the addition of hydrogen sulfide is used. Not only metabolism improves, but toxins are also eliminated. Hydrogen sulfide baths have a positive effect on muscle tissue and skin.

They are prescribed to patients with various disorders in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system (for example, with). The same applies to the cardiovascular and gynecological systems.

Pine

Pine extract is added to mineral water along with air. It turns out a kind of massage, during which the patient relaxes and calms down.

After each session, mood and sleep improve. Pine mineral waters not only soothe, but also relieve pain, spasms, dilate blood vessels.

Balneotherapy sessions with pine extract are prescribed for patients with hypertension at stage 1, with neuroses. The same applies to peptic ulcers of the digestive organs and the consequences of head and brain injuries.

Treatment is selected by the doctor, since there are serious contraindications. This is about high temperature, inflammatory processes at the stage of exacerbation, mental illness.

It is forbidden to visit pine mineral baths for people in a state of intoxication.

Carbonic baths

The water is saturated with carbon dioxide. After a mineral bath, blood circulation improves, metabolic processes intensify. Carbonic water has a positive effect on the functioning of internal organs. The same goes for the brain.

Balneotherapy with carbon dioxide is prescribed for patients with diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and nervous systems. Baths help reduce the manifestations of skin pathologies.

Mineral waters with carbon dioxide saturate the body with useful substances: potassium, magnesium, and fluorine. Improves the patient's condition in diseases of the joints.

Despite numerous beneficial features, carbonic mineral baths are prescribed strictly by a specialist after a diagnosis is made, since the procedures involve numerous contraindications.

Nitrogen

Mineral waters are enriched with nitrogen. For 50 years these baths are used not only for treatment, but also as a prevention of many diseases. Mineral waters with nitrogen do not irritate the skin as much as other baths.

After the therapeutic course, the work of the central nervous system and digestive organs is restored in the patient. The manifestations of articular pathologies are also reduced. The functioning of the endocrine system is normalized.

Pearl

Hydrotherapy has not only therapeutic but also cosmetic effect. Pearl baths are a variety. After a course of therapy, blood circulation improves, metabolic processes are restored.

The same goes for lymph flow. Muscles relax during the session. Pearl baths are prescribed for disorders in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system, especially often for diseases of the spine (,).

The procedures are also indicated for patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, stress and hypertension, arthritis, arthrosis.

Conclusion

Treatment mineral baths provided in special institutions or in sanatoriums. It is important to choose the right course in order to prevent possible complications and deterioration in health.

The doctor will tell you what the benefits of a bath with mineral water are, select the most effective types, taking into account the patient's condition and the individual characteristics of the body.