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Constipation in a pregnant woman what to do. How to get rid of constipation during pregnancy: suppositories, products, folk remedies. Compliance with the drinking regime

Immediately after the conception of a child in the body of a woman, the restructuring of most organs and systems begins. This process is manifested by various symptoms, one of which is constipation during early pregnancy.

Doctors of the antenatal clinic note the disorder of the gastrointestinal tract in the first trimester of pregnancy in more than half of their patients. Constipation in expectant mothers cannot be considered a disease, since they have completely physiological causes and are due to changes in the mother's body. However, such digestive disorders can provoke serious disorders in women.

Indigestion in the expectant mother is often expressed by the absence of stool for more than three days. This symptom is a consequence of changes in physiology and biochemistry during pregnancy, as well as various errors in the diet and lifestyle of a young woman.

Physiological causes of constipation during this period include:

Hormonal changes in the blood of a pregnant woman. Immediately after the moment of fertilization of the egg, the endocrine glands begin to intensively produce the hormone progesterone, which is responsible in the female body for the successful course of pregnancy and preparation for childbirth. This substance has the ability to relax the smooth muscles of many organs, including the small and large intestines.
Such an effect of the hormone leads to a decrease in peristalsis and causes stool retention in the expectant mother.

To stabilize the metabolic processes in a woman's body in the first trimester of pregnancy, doctors recommend that she take a special complex of vitamins and microelements, the basis of which is iron and calcium. These substances indirectly affect the gastrointestinal tract of a woman, causing stagnation in the large intestine, reducing its muscle contractility, thereby causing constipation in a pregnant woman.
The process of bearing a child provokes a change in the hormonal balance in the expectant mother. Hormones not only reduce bowel function, they have a negative effect on the patient's nervous system. A woman in the first trimester of pregnancy is prone to stress, and any violation of the gastrointestinal tract can cause her severe irritation. Failure of the central nervous system often provokes stool retention in the patient.

The expectant mother herself often leads to disorders in the activity of the digestive system by her own actions.

If a woman has constipation during early pregnancy, the reasons often lie in the diet and lifestyle of the patient:

For a future mother, it is very important to have the right one in the first weeks after conception. A large amount of fiber-containing foods should be introduced into the daily diet, which is very important for restoring colon peristalsis. An example of such food can be beetroot dishes that can positively solve the problem of constipation.
Many future mothers, influenced by the advice of their friends or having read recommendations on popular pseudo-scientific sites, sharply limit themselves to liquids from the first days of pregnancy. So they are trying to deal with the possible, completely unaware of the mechanism of their occurrence.

The lack of fluid will not only cause constipation in a young woman. It is fraught with a violation of the liquid composition of the blood, its thickening and various pathological conditions as a result. There is evidence of an increased risk of blood clots in these patients and various CNS disorders with a lack of fluid.

Any woman, even in excellent health before pregnancy, can experience a similar problem in the first trimester of pregnancy. Constipation in expectant mothers is not considered a disease, however, they pose a certain threat to a pregnant woman and her unborn child.

What are the dangers of constipation in early pregnancy

Violation of the gastrointestinal tract in patients expecting a baby, most often expressed in a delay in stool for several days. If this condition lasts more than 3 days, it is necessary to take appropriate measures, since constipation can provoke various problems in the expectant mother:

A woman will most often be disturbed by severity and, there may be severe pain in the abdominal cavity. Since in the first 2 - 3 months of fetal development, patients are not recommended to use many of the usual medications, it will not be easy to cope with such symptoms.
Permanent constipation can increase pressure in the abdominal cavity, which can provoke. This is already a direct threat of the possible.
In the first trimester, all the main organs of the unborn child are laid, and a violation in the digestive tract contributes to stagnation in the intestines. This situation often leads to the fact that the decay products of food enter the patient's blood. This is already a direct threat to the fetus.
The problem of constipation is best solved already in the early stages of pregnancy and not postponed until the onset of childbirth. The pathological microflora of the colon can provoke various inflammatory diseases of the birth canal, which can adversely affect childbirth.

Violation of the normal functioning of the intestine often causes the development of hemorrhoids in the expectant mother. A pregnant woman already has a high probability of problems with hemorrhoids, since the process of bearing a fetus is accompanied by stagnation in the veins of the small pelvis, and constipation only exacerbates this problem.

There are quite a few reasons why constipation occurs during early pregnancy. Even psychological problems can be an impetus for irregular stools. Doctors of the antenatal clinic can recommend a pregnant woman a whole range of measures to combat such an ailment. The basis of all these measures is the prevention of stagnation in the intestines and the stabilization of the gastrointestinal tract.

Watch the video about the causes of constipation:

What can help the expectant mother

Since disruption of the intestines, in addition to discomfort, poses a direct threat to the health of the woman and the unborn baby, you need to act decisively. For the treatment of constipation, you can not limit yourself solely to drugs or diet. Only a combination of efforts will successfully cope with this problem.

The nutrition of the expectant mother is quite a serious problem. On the one hand, the patient should receive a sufficient amount of useful substances, on the other hand, the food should not provoke gastrointestinal disorders and contain ingredients harmful to the unborn child.

The key to preventing constipation in the expectant mother, experts consider the strict implementation of the following recommendations:

For a complete and timely bowel movement, a woman's food should contain a large amount of fiber. Doctors recommend including plenty of raw vegetables and fresh fruits in your diet. Preference should be given to those gifts of nature that are not capable of causing allergic reactions in the expectant mother. Beets, apples, pears, plums are well suited for the diet.

Meat should contain a lot of connective tissue. Fatty varieties should be limited. Young veal, lamb, and poultry have proven themselves to be excellent for the nutrition of pregnant women.
The daily diet should include a large amount of vegetable or olive oil. This product is great for restoring bowel function.
It is desirable in the diet of such patients to give preference to oatmeal and buckwheat, wholemeal black bread, dried fruits, especially prunes.

Doctors of the antenatal clinic will definitely tell the expectant mother what she should refuse. It is not recommended in the presence of such problems to eat rice, cabbage, white bread and other foods that cause constipation.

Separately, it should be noted the importance of the water regime for solving the problem. A pregnant woman should consume at least 3 liters of fluid per day. Preference should be given to juices, decoctions of fruits and vegetables. Loved by many ladies and coffee will only exacerbate the difficulty in emptying the intestines.

Products for constipation during pregnancy

During pregnancy, constipation will help the following products that have a laxative effect:

Vegetables	Carrots, onions, beets, fresh cucumbers, white cabbage, pumpkin. It is advisable to use them fresh, but even boiled / stewed, they, passing through the intestines, irritate its walls. This enhances peristalsis and ensures the release of feces.
Kashi	Buckwheat, barley, oat or millet. They are boiled in water, they are not put into the finished dish. butter, but vegetable. Doctors recommend adding fresh fruits to the porridge to enhance the laxative effect.
Dairy products	All without exception, as well as koumiss and sour yoghurts. During pregnancy, you should pay attention to the fat content of such products and give preference to low rates.
Fruits	Plums, bananas, pears and apples. They not only have a positive effect on intestinal motility, but also increase the amount of water in the feces - they just pass out more easily.

Vegetable oils also have a strong laxative effect; they can replace all fats in ready-made dishes. For severe / persistent constipation, you can use 30 ml of vegetable oil on an empty stomach in the morning.

What can you drink for constipation during pregnancy

For constipation for pregnant women, you can drink such drinks:

dried fruit compote - cooked without adding sugar;
mineral water with magnesium and sulfates in the composition - Essentuki No. 4 and 17, ½ cup 2-3 times a day;
a decoction of rose hips - prepared without sugar, drunk without adding honey;
fennel tea - sold in pharmacies, consumed in an amount of no more than 300 ml per day;
chicory drink - the optimal time for drinking is morning and lunch.

In general, with constipation, pregnant women are advised to drink more pure water - it helps soften the feces in the intestines. But recommendations regarding the use of any liquid must be agreed upon, received from a doctor - for example, with diseases of the kidneys and urinary system, some drinks will be contraindicated.

If a pregnant woman has constipation, then she should not drink black tea, coffee, any carbonated sweet drinks.

Exercise as a remedy for constipation in pregnant women

Regular exercise can be an excellent remedy for constipation, an additional effect will be an increase in the overall tone of the body of a pregnant woman, strengthening muscle fibers. A total of 6 exercises are performed daily 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal:

Starting position - on all fours, knees and hands are shoulder-width apart. It is necessary to tear off the right hand from the floor and, bending slightly forward and transferring the weight to the resting hand, reach the left knee with the palm of your hand. After returning to the starting position, immediately perform the exercise for the other limb.
Sit straight on the floor with your legs extended forward and your hands on your hips. You need to turn your head and torso to the sides. Arms, legs remain in the same position, the back is straight.
Take a sitting position on the floor, pressing your back against the wall, bending your knees. Take deep breaths in and out with your stomach for no more than 3 minutes in a row.
Starting position - lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, but not to full amplitude. The right leg should be raised and the heel should touch the knee of the left lower limb. Then the exercise is repeated for the other leg.
Without changing the starting position, you need to bend your knees, spread them apart and connect your feet together. The task is to lower your knees as close to the floor as possible.
From the previous position, rest your feet on the floor and bend your knees. The task is to touch the knees to the floor, rotating the pelvis to the right / left.

Each exercise is repeated 10-15 times, gymnastics should not cause strong tension and discomfort. If the pregnancy proceeds with complications, then it is necessary to consult a doctor about the expediency of performing the proposed complex.

Folk methods

Traditional medicine specialists have at their disposal a sufficient number of medicinal plants to solve gastrointestinal problems in expectant mothers. In the special literature, the positive effect of beets, prunes or grapes on the work of the intestines in the patient is noted. You can suggest for the prevention of constipation to use the following recipes of folk remedies:

200 grams of ground fresh beets are mixed with 100 grams of dried fruits and 150 grams of oatmeal. The resulting mass is poured into 3 liters cold water and boil over low heat for 60 - 90 minutes. The drink is cooled and stored in a dark and cool place. 200 grams of decoction before bedtime will help the expectant mother forget about constipation for a long time.
Not without interest for pregnant women and a medicinal mixture of equal parts of dried apricots, raisins, prunes and honey. These ingredients are thoroughly mixed with a mixer or blender and transferred to a special form. The mixture is infused for 12 hours, after which it is recommended that a woman eat 50 grams of this healing potion before going to bed.

But not all the usual folk laxatives can be used by expectant mothers. Experts are categorically against the patient's use of decoctions and infusions based on buckthorn, senna leaves and rhubarb. These herbs can cause a malfunction in the hormonal system, which is fraught with the threat of termination of pregnancy.

traditional medicine

If with the help of diet and folk recipes it is not possible to prevent constipation in a woman during pregnancy in the early stages, the treatment of this problem should be entrusted to doctors. The thing is that after conception, young ladies are contraindicated in most of the usual medications. What do doctors advise:

The solution to the problem of constipation in early pregnancy requires an individual approach, since the likelihood of pathological reactions to any drug in such patients is very high.

pills for constipation during pregnancy

If the correction of the diet and the use of various drinks does not give a positive result, then constipation during pregnancy can be cured with both tablets and powders, and the latter are especially effective:

Mukofalk

Increases the volume of feces (not the amount!), Does not allow them to harden. Represents granules which are intended for solution preparation. It is taken 1 teaspoon (from this amount a solution is prepared in 150 ml of water) a maximum of 6 times a day.

Fiberlex

Defecation is normalized by improving intestinal motility. Helps to solve the problem of nervous diarrhea.

Sold in single sachets - they contain a powder that should be dissolved in 150 ml of warm water. 1 sachet is allowed per day.

Phytomucil

Natural remedy, contains plantain and plum. Helps in the initial stages of constipation, because it acts on the problem gently, sparingly.

No more than 1 package per day is accepted.

Even the most gentle means should be taken only in consultation with the doctor. Stronger tablets (Senade) are often prohibited during pregnancy, because they increase peristalsis too much and are absorbed by the intestinal walls.

Constipation in the first trimester: what to do

With constipation in the first trimester, you can use enemas, while the best solution would be the use of microclysters - for example, Microlax. Their volume is only 15 ml (this is the maximum), they are distinguished by a gentle effect, gentle cleansing of the intestines. A woman should consult a gynecologist about the treatment of constipation, he will give permission for enemas only under certain circumstances:

constipation lasts more than 5 days;
conservative methods do not give a positive result;
due to the accumulation of feces, symptoms of intoxication (poisoning) of the body appear.

In general, this method of solving the problem is considered extreme when other means do not help, and stagnation of feces takes on a chronic course. It is strictly forbidden to perform such procedures when:

miscarriages in a woman in history;
increased tone of the uterus;
diagnosed threat of premature termination of pregnancy;
previously detected isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

Intestinal problems in early pregnancy: sometimes constipation, sometimes diarrhea, sometimes pain

In most cases, pregnant women notice problems with the intestines in the early stages - spasms / colic, constipation, diarrhea, doctors associate them with the restructuring of the body, new conditions for its functioning. Intestinal colic can occur against the background of hormonal failure, which leads to bloating of the large intestine and severe muscle tension. Constipation and diarrhea are the result of intestinal colic, unbalanced nutrition.

To solve problems, you just need to follow the general recommendations of doctors:

adjust the diet - the body in the early stages of pregnancy needs vegetables, fruits and any low-fat foods;
drink more water - clean and not carbonated;
give preference not to black tea and coffee, but to rosehip broth, dried fruit compote and other healthy drinks;
eat fractionally - in small portions and often, avoid overeating.

Watch this video about nutrition during pregnancy:

The best treatment for constipation in a pregnant woman is the prevention of their occurrence

To avoid disorders in the gastrointestinal tract and the associated need for treatment, a woman who is preparing to become a mother needs to follow a few simple rules:

You can't limit yourself to liquids. On the day you need to drink at least 2 - 3 liters of compotes, juices, mineral water or healing decoctions. If edema occurs, you should carefully monitor the ratio of the drunk and excreted fluid and be sure to seek the advice of a doctor.
Woman. Stress will definitely cause constipation in the expectant mother.
Such ladies should adhere to a diet that specialists in the antenatal clinic will help her develop. All gas-producing and constipating foods should be eliminated from your diet.

Pregnancy is not a reason for the expectant mother to reduce physical activity. It is a dosed load, walks in the fresh air and an active lifestyle that will help prevent gastrointestinal upset during pregnancy.

Constipation as a sign of pregnancy

Up to 2-3 weeks, the signs of pregnancy are almost imperceptible, and the woman simply does not suspect that the conception has taken place, but there are also pronounced changes in well-being - pain in the lower abdomen, a feeling of fullness of the intestines and constipation. In addition, severe heartburn may be present even after eating familiar foods. What can be done to alleviate the condition:

review your menu and exclude marinated, smoked and fried dishes from it;
drink plenty of fluids, but give up morning coffee and strong tea for several days;
introduce fresh vegetables, weak meat broths, cereals on the water into the diet;

And more about what sensations arise in the early stages of pregnancy.

These simple tips are useful to all the fair sex. And if a lady is in the early stages of pregnancy, then she simply needs to carefully monitor her well-being and take care of her health.

A problem such as constipation during pregnancy sooner or later worries almost every woman. There is nothing strange in this, since cardinal changes take place in the body. The solution to the problem is simple, but for treatment you need to know the exact cause of this condition, as well as take timely measures when the first symptoms appear. We will talk about this in this article.

Why is constipation dangerous in pregnant women?

This state of the body is not as harmless as it might seem at first glance.

In the body of a woman, decay products of incoming food accumulate, which is in the intestines for a very long time. Due to a long stay there, harmful substances are absorbed through the intestinal walls and enter the bloodstream. This negatively affects the general condition of the pregnant woman and the child. Scientists have determined that at the moment there are 36 types of toxic substances that are formed in the large intestine.
With constant bloating, the tone of the uterus may increase.
Healthy microflora in the intestines of a pregnant woman is the key to the formation of normal microflora in a child. Since the baby passes through the birth canal during childbirth, it receives all of the mother's bacteria.
Constant constipation causes heaviness in the abdomen, constant bloating. This can be accompanied by pain, which causes discomfort to mother and baby.

The consequences can be the most unpleasant: the general condition worsens, the rectum becomes inflamed, fecal poisoning occurs, the tone of the uterus increases, the skin condition worsens (peeling, flabbiness).

Causes of constipation during early and late pregnancy

The reason for this condition in the early stages may be:

Active production of progesterone (a global restructuring takes place in a woman’s body, and the hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy: smooth muscles relax and the intestines too);
A change in the mode of activity and nutrition (some pregnant women are shown bed rest, many restrict themselves in physical activity - with its lack, intestinal tone decreases);
Anemia medications (calcium and iron make the stool thicker);
Reducing the amount of fluid you drink (with toxicosis, a woman refuses her usual food, she is malnourished);
Stress (a new state does not always cause joy).

In the later stages, a pregnant woman may be haunted by the same problem, the cause of which is:

a growing uterus pressing on the intestines;
decrease in fluid intake (to avoid swelling of the limbs);
stress;
malnutrition;
minimal physical activity;
pressing head of the fetus on the intestines.

Treatment of constipation during early pregnancy

Constipation in pregnant women causes unpleasant consequences for mother and baby, since the intestines are located next to the uterus and birth canal. Not all laxatives are allowed during pregnancy.

The danger is that a woman, in an attempt to get rid of the fecal masses accumulated in the intestines, strains, and this causes contractions in the uterus. This can lead to miscarriage and premature birth.

reduced stool frequency;
hard stool;
have pain during bowel movements;
anal fissures are formed;
there is no feeling of complete emptying;
have bloating.

Symptoms can appear either individually or all together.

Habitual laxatives should not be used because of:

their irritant action;
due to the effect on smooth muscles;
due to their influence on mineral and enzymatic balance.

In any case, with constipation, only a doctor should prescribe treatment. Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are contraindicated due to the negative impact on the fetus and stimulation of uterine contractions.

If the doctor allows the use of an enema, then you can prepare the following solutions:

With soda. Dissolve 1 tablespoon of baking soda in 500 ml of warm water, cool the solution to room temperature. 500 ml - the amount to be entered at a time.
With vaseline oil. This oil does not irritate the intestines and does not increase peristalsis. 30 ml of oil is diluted with water (70 ml). Water should be at a temperature of 37 degrees.
With vegetable oil. The oil is not dissolved in water, injected into the large intestine. 20-80 ml of oil is heated to a temperature of 36-38 degrees. Oil is injected at night, it is able to soothe hemorrhoids.

An enema is an emergency and cannot eliminate the cause of constipation. More than once a week, this procedure can not be carried out.

The doctor may advise the following:

consume kefir and other fermented milk products without sugar;
eat dried fruits (or make a decoction);
eat kiwi, plums, fresh apricots;
drink a teaspoon of vegetable oil or add to the dish;
eat oatmeal (rich in fiber).

Sweet and starchy foods should be practically banned.

Vaseline oil can be used as a laxative, but its high fat content burdens the liver, so the drug should not be taken without a doctor's recommendation.

Treatment of constipation in late pregnancy

When treating the disease in the later stages, special care should also be taken, since laxatives can provoke an increase in the tone of the uterus. Most good means- microclysters. Their advantage is that they do not expand the intestines, getting into it, unlike a regular enema.

The doctor prescribes laxatives with osmotic action, which normalize the consistency of the feces and stimulate the process of emptying without irritating the intestinal wall.

It is strictly forbidden to use decoctions and infusions based on hay leaves, rhubarb and buckthorn, as these herbs can cause disruptions in a woman's hormonal system, which threatens to terminate a pregnancy.

There are also traditional medicine recipes that a doctor can advise:

Peel the potatoes and grate it, squeeze the juice, dilute it with water in equal amounts. Before each meal, take 50 ml.
Cut five apples into small pieces and boil in 1 liter of water, leave the broth for 4 hours, strain, drink instead of tea.
Rinse 1 kg of viburnum, grind in a saucepan. Squeeze out the juice and add 600 g of sugar, mix, put on fire, it is not necessary to boil. Put in the refrigerator and drink 70 ml on an empty stomach. Also, with the help of this tool, you can increase hemoglobin.

Medications for constipation during pregnancy:

Duphalac. The main component is lactulose, which eliminates and prevents constipation. The agent does not penetrate into the bloodstream, is excreted unchanged. When prescribed by a doctor in the form of a syrup, you need to use the daily norm once or divide it into two doses.
Defenorm is a laxative of plant origin. It has a mild effect, does not irritate the rectum, changes the consistency of feces. May be used after a doctor's prescription.
Phytomucil- biologically active additive, is not a drug. With the help of natural dietary fiber, the volume of fecal masses increases. Treatment is possible only after the recommendation of a doctor.
Glycerin suppositories slightly irritate the colonic mucosa and cause it to contract. Vaseline and glycerin soften feces. Even if the pregnancy is proceeding normally, you should not self-medicate, as the tone of the uterus may increase.
Microlax is a microclyster with the active ingredient sodium citrate. The agent acts locally, does not penetrate the intestinal walls and does not enter the bloodstream.
Fortrans is an osmotic laxative that contains polyethylene glycol and electrolytes. After ingestion, the volume of fluid in the intestine increases, which provides a laxative effect. The drug can be used during pregnancy only after a doctor's prescription.

Prevention of constipation in expectant mothers

Before prescribing medications to relieve constipation, doctors recommend reviewing the diet. There are a large number of foods that help feces not linger in the intestines.

Products that normalize stool during pregnancy:

Dairy products. It is best if they are prepared on their own. Live bacterial cultures have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora. These products contain a lot of lactulose, which reduces pressure in the intestines.
Bread. Allowed to eat varieties with bran and wholemeal flour. There is a lot of fiber, which helps to scrape "garbage" from the walls of the intestine.
Fruits. Be sure to eat berries or an apple on an empty stomach. Fruits are rich in fiber and connective fibers.
Vegetable soups. The diet should not include meat broths, as they provoke constipation. You can add some chicken meat by cooking it separately.
Purified water. Boiled water does not contain nutrients, so it should be replaced with water without gas or purified. You can cook soups and broths on it. Carbonated drinks are prohibited.

Of course, the most effective remedy is diet. It is best to switch to fractional meals: you need to eat small portions several times a day. In this case, constipation will not make itself felt.

Doctors also advise:

exclude strong black tea and coffee, bananas from the diet - these products cause constipation and contribute to the formation of gases;
spicy, fatty, fried and salty are also prohibited;
high-protein meals should be consumed in the morning;
for dinner, it is better to drink kefir or eat fruits and vegetables.

A complete and partial ban applies to pasta, rice and semolina porridge, fatty meat. Canned food and preserves, marinades, spices, chocolate should be limited. Compliance with such a diet can be difficult, but it will favorably affect the development of the baby.

In addition to the diet, you should move a lot: do morning exercises or evening exercises, walk in nature. However, in some cases, during pregnancy, you can not walk a lot - you need to consult a doctor.

If the doctor allows, you can do the following exercises:

Smooth squats.
Exercises "scissors" and "bike".
Tighten and relax the sphincter.
Raise the pelvis while lying on your back.

They should be repeated at least 10 times.

So, for the treatment of constipation, you must definitely consult a doctor, since the presence of some contraindications and the duration of pregnancy can make it impossible to use medicines. good method preventive measures are considered to combat this disease: diet, physical activity, drinking enough fluids.

Especially for- Elena Kichak

Constipation is a difficult or systematically incomplete bowel movement (defecation) or the absence of it for one and a half days or more. During pregnancy?

Causes constipation during pregnancy at different women and are different at different times. Among them, the most significant are the following:

A change in the hormonal background, which reduces the tone of the muscles of the uterus, and at the same time - and all other muscle cells similar to them (in the intestinal walls and in the walls of large vessels).
Change in the position of the intestine in the abdominal cavity, its gradual displacement by the enlarging uterus at a later date.
Fear of straining. It is more of a psychological problem that is more common in women with increased tone uterus and threatened miscarriage.
Irrational diet.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Psychological stress.
Congenital features of the intestine, for example, its elongated sections.

According to the direct mechanism of development, two types can be distinguished constipation during pregnancy.

Atonic constipation(literally translated as "lack of tone") the variant is associated with a reduced tone of the muscular wall of the intestine. Peristalsis (intestinal movements that move its contents) from this becomes lethargic and unproductive. This muscle weakness, in turn, occurs due to hormonal changes, after operations, dietary errors. Another form is spastic constipation during pregnancy , in which the tone of the intestine, on the contrary, is increased, the peristalsis slows down, but due to the “squeezed” state of the intestine. For this type constipation during pregnancy more psychological reasons.

Constipation during pregnancy associated with the lengthening of the large intestine, it is necessary to highlight especially. First, their occurrence is not related to your position, although it can strengthen them. Secondly, although outwardly they appear as a spastic form, they are not associated with spasm, but with a longer passage of stool along a longer path. At the same time, more water is absorbed back into the body from the intestinal contents, the feces become solid.

Atonic constipation during pregnancy may be accompanied by a feeling of intestinal fullness, aching and pulling pains in the abdomen, flatulence (increased gas formation) and bloating, lack of appetite, nausea, lethargy, apathy, depressed mood. There is a lot of stool during defecation; their initial portion is formed, dense, its diameter is larger than normal, the final portion is liquidish, mushy. Defecation is painful, there may be tears of the mucous membrane of the rectum and anus, then streaks of blood and (or) mucus remain on the surface of the feces.

With the spastic form of pain, they differ: they are paroxysmal, even sometimes cramping, occur more often in the left side of the abdomen along the colon and give to the left inguinal region. This form constipation during pregnancy may be accompanied by flatulence, lack of appetite, inadequate and unexplained fatigue, nervousness, irritability, nausea. When emptying the intestines, the feces are very dense, they are separate small rounded fragments in the form of the so-called "sheep feces". The urge to defecate may even occur several times a day, but the emptying of the intestines is incomplete, difficult, in small portions.

How to get rid of constipation during pregnancy

To get rid of constipation it is necessary first of all to choose the right diet, taking into account weight control and possible allergic reactions, which are individual.

At constipation during pregnancy useful millet, buckwheat, pearl barley, oat bran, muesli, black bread, vegetable oils, fresh and cooked vegetables and fruits (carrots, beets, pumpkin, radishes, turnips, zucchini, cucumbers, young shoots of asparagus, Jerusalem artichoke, lettuce, broccoli and other types of cabbage). Olives, dried fruit compotes, raw, boiled or soaked prunes, honey, watermelon, melon, apples, apricots, grapes, red currants or its juice, cherries have slight laxative properties. It should be noted that honey fresh carrot and its juice, melon, apricots, red apples, red currants have an increased allergenic potential, so they can be consumed no more than 1-2 times a week. Allergic women should exclude these foods from their diet. from boiled or fresh vegetables you can cook salads with vegetable oil as side dishes. Dairy products must be included in the daily diet of a pregnant woman.

With a tendency to constipation you can not use strong tea, mucous soups, semolina, white bread, wheat bran, polished rice, blueberries, quince, pears, pomegranates, hawthorn, bananas, black currants, legumes, walnuts. Hard cheeses can also slow down peristalsis.

In combination with a diet to solve the problem of constipation will help physical exercise, it is enough to give exercise 20-30 minutes every day, and it is better to do it several times during the day. Consult your doctor about the choice of exercises, because some of them may be contraindicated for you personally, taking into account the characteristics of your health.

With prolonged and active use of almost any laxatives (both medicinal and herbal), addiction may develop, requiring an increase in the dose of the laxative. The effect of the drug is weakened, and the problem itself constipation during pregnancy aggravated.

Of the ready-made laxatives, expectant mothers should not take: REGULAX, CHITOSAN-EVALAR, DOCTOR THEISS - SWEDISH BITTER . In rare cases, under strict medical supervision, GUTTALAX or DULCOLAX (aka BISACODIL) is prescribed. ). It is not contraindicated to take laxatives FORLAX and FORTRANS , you can use glycerin suppositories.

Preparations SENNALAKS, GLAXENNA, TRISASEN , made on the basis of senna (aka cassia holly, or alexandrian leaf), increase the tone of the muscular wall of the intestine. It should be used with caution, under medical supervision. Senna preparations should not be drunk for a long time: it is addictive, which requires an increase in the dose. In addition, senna can cause an allergic reaction and the deposition of melanin in the cells of the intestinal mucosa. Senna should not be taken in spastic forms of constipation, in which the bowel tone is already increased.

For to get rid of constipation Phytotherapy offers such recipes.

With spastic constipation in pregnant women:

Freshly prepared potato juice, diluted with water 1:1, take a quarter cup half an hour before meals 2-3 times a day.
Prepare a decoction of fig seedlings in milk or water at the rate of 2 tablespoons of raw materials per 1 cup of boiling water, let cool at room temperature, take 1 tablespoon 2-4 times a day.
Dissolve 15 g of honey in a glass of warm milk, drink a third of a glass at night.
Mix in equal parts fruits of anise, nettle herb dioecious, rhizome of valerian officinalis, rose hips, wild strawberry leaves, chamomile flowers, herb of five-lobed motherwort. Brew 1 tablespoon of the collection with a glass of boiling water in a thermos and leave for 1.5 hours, strain. Take half a glass after meals in the morning and evening.

With atonic constipation in pregnant women:

Mix in equal parts the fruits of anise, cumin and fennel. Brew 2 teaspoons of the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 15-20 minutes, strain, drink a third of a cup 3 times a day for half an hour before meals. Please note that for this collection, the seeds must be ripe.
Take in equal proportions the fruits of mountain ash, blackberry leaves, gray nettle grass and fennel fruits. Brew 1 tablespoon of the collection with a glass of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 1.5 hours, strain, take a third of a glass 3 times a day after meals.
Pour 1 tablespoon of gooseberries with 1 glass of water and boil for 10 minutes, then strain. Take a quarter cup 4 times a day. Sugar can be added if desired.
When brewing tea, add slices of dried apples or cherries.
In the atonic form of constipation, the bowels are stimulated by a glass of cool water, drunk in the morning on an empty stomach.
Cut 3-4 unpeeled fresh apples into medium-sized pieces, boil under the lid for 15 minutes in 1 liter of water, and leave for 4 hours, wrapped. Drink instead of tea 2-3 times a day.
Pour 1 teaspoon of flaxseed with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 4 hours. Without straining, drink the entire dose at bedtime.
freshly prepared carrot juice drink a quarter cup on an empty stomach in the morning.
Mix freshly prepared whey and carrot juice in equal parts, take half a glass in the morning on an empty stomach. To prepare whey, you need to boil soured milk or fresh milk with a small piece of black bread, then strain it through cheesecloth; cottage cheese will remain in the gauze, and the liquid part is whey.
Pour 1 tablespoon of wheat bran with half a glass of hot milk, insist in a warm place or a thermos for 30-40 minutes, strain, squeeze out the steamed bran. Drink half a glass in the morning on an empty stomach.
Prepare juice from 1 kg of ripe red rowan fruits (collect them before frost), mix the juice with 600 g of granulated sugar. Take a quarter cup on an empty stomach in the morning and at night. Keep the juice in the refrigerator.

From the above recipes, choose for yourself a few of the most suitable juices and decoctions and take them, alternating every 2-3 weeks.

In today's article, we will consider, probably, one of the most unpleasant problems: severe constipation during pregnancy, what should we do.

The beginning of pregnancy is euphoria, joy and ... sometimes quite unpleasant ailments. Such an ailment is also severe constipation, which women hate. Constipation is a very common symptom during pregnancy - more than 50% of expectant mothers suffer from it.

They are caused by pregnancy hormones that slow down the digestive process and impair intestinal function and the ever-growing uterus, which puts pressure on the digestive system.

Fortunately, movement plus a few dietary solutions - the best recipe constipation. Thanks to them, you can effectively get rid of them.

Symptoms of constipation during pregnancy

How to treat constipation during pregnancy? First of all, you need to establish the main cause of digestive problems in order to choose the most effective methods of treatment.

So, the following symptoms of constipation can be distinguished:

No bowel movement for two days.
Compaction of feces.
Pain during defecation.
The presence of blood in the stool.
Nausea and vomiting.
Loss of appetite and general weakness.
Pain and discomfort in various parts of the abdomen.
An increase in body temperature, which is a symptom of an inflammatory process in the intestines.

Kinds

Problems with defecation are accompanied by unpleasant sensations of varying intensity. From them you can understand what kind of constipation bothers a woman.

Spastic. The peristalsis of the intestine is disturbed, its walls are reduced randomly. Therefore, with constipation, sharp, cramping pains appear, and the feces take on the appearance of a sheep. Excessive spasticity occurs with episodes of exacerbation, between which the stool is normal.
Atonic. It is characterized by a decrease in intestinal tone, so its contents move at a slow pace and gradually become dehydrated. During bowel movements, pain worries, and after it there is a feeling of incomplete emptying.

Causes of constipation during pregnancy

Constipation during pregnancy occurs due to the following reasons:

In the early stages of pregnancy, pregnant women suffer from toxicosis, which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Ultimately, dehydration occurs, which leads to hardening of the feces.
Preparations with a high content of calcium and iron, which are prescribed to pregnant women, lead to compaction of feces.
Due to excess weight, most pregnant women lead a sedentary lifestyle, which leads to the suspension of the natural process of defecation.
During pregnancy, women quite often change their usual diet, combine incompatible foods that can cause digestive disorders.
Because of the potential for swelling, most pregnant women reduce their fluid intake, which leads to hardening of the stool.
Every day the size of the uterus increases in size and begins to put pressure on the intestinal system. All this leads to congestion in the intestines.
During pregnancy, women experience severe stress and nervous shock, which negatively affects the digestive process.

What causes stool disorders

A single episode will not cause serious harm, but frequent constipation during pregnancy is dangerous for the development of the following consequences:

violation of the intestinal microflora;
the appearance or exacerbation of hemorrhoids;
inflammation in the intestine;
deterioration of the general condition (due to putrefactive processes);
the appearance of cracks in the anus;
increased risk of miscarriage.

Danger for the child appears with constant constipation. Crowded intestines can affect the condition of the uterus, its tone. This reflexively increases contractility and leads to the threat of premature birth.

What are the dangers of constipation during pregnancy

It is imperative to treat constipation at 40 weeks of gestation, in order to avoid subsequent unpleasant symptoms:

The decay products that are in the intestine begin to gradually release toxic substances, which accelerates the reproduction of pathogenic microflora in the intestine. Pathogenic bacteria through the blood can enter the baby and adversely affect its development.
Chronic constipation leads to colpitis, which, in turn, can cause inflammatory process mucous membrane of the uterus.
Microbes that actively develop during constipation can enter the uterus. During childbirth, the child will certainly pick up pathogenic bacteria during the passage of the birth canal.
Constipation provokes the development of dysbacteriosis, which, in turn, stops the process of absorption from food of nutrients necessary for normal human life.
Fecal masses begin to rot and release toxic substances that enter important organs and systems through the circulatory system. Ultimately, poisoning of the whole organism occurs.
In late pregnancy, constipation can lead to preterm labor. A pregnant woman constantly pushes and tries to clear the intestines naturally during constipation.
In the early stages, fecal masses begin to put pressure on the uterus and can lead to miscarriage.
Chronic constipation can lead to diseases of the colon. It could be hemorrhoids with anal fissures and bleeding. Therefore, it is better to treat constipation immediately after the first negative symptoms appear.

What can not be done?

First of all, you can not ignore the problem and believe that it will be solved by itself. The complications that the disease can cause will negatively affect both the health of the expectant mother and the baby. That is why pregnant women with constipation are not recommended:

eat fatty, acidic, poorly digested foods;
eat a lot or starve;
drink laxatives that are contraindicated during pregnancy;
take medicines that can cause constipation or complications;
use enemas or suppositories;
nervous and trying to get rid of constipation at the cost of incredible effort.

Medical methods of treatment

Constipation in the early stages must be treated under the supervision of a doctor, because the risk of miscarriage is not excluded.

So, we can distinguish the following safe drugs that are recommended for use during pregnancy:

Drugs that stimulate the muscular system of the intestine. This category includes Defenorm, Gutalax, Dulcolax and Sena.
Osmotic agents that speed up the production of fluid in the body to liquefy hard stools in the intestines. These are Duphalac, Laktuvit, Normolact, Magnesium Sulphate.
Medicinal plants that restore normal stools, namely castor oil, flax and psyllium seeds, chamomile flowers.
Microclysters. Pregnant women are recommended glycerin suppositories and Microlax.

Prohibited funds

Treatment of constipation during pregnancy should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor, because serious contraindications and side effects are possible. Preparations for constipation for pregnant women should be prescribed only by a gastroenterologist and gynecologist after a complete examination of the patient.

Enemas. This method is recommended only in an emergency, when you urgently need to clear the intestinal system from solid decay products. At the same time, there are a large number of disadvantages, namely, during the procedure, along with pathogenic microflora, beneficial bacteria that are responsible for the digestive process are washed out of the stomach. During pregnancy, an enema can contract the muscles of the uterus and lead to premature labor.
Vaseline oil and castor oil. As you know, oils are characterized by high fat content, which will negatively affect the liver, intestines and pancreas of a pregnant woman.
Laxatives medicinal plants that cause severe intestinal spasms. This includes buckthorn bark, senna leaves, rhubarb root.
Drugs that intensively affect the intestinal mucosa. These include Regulax, Senade and Dulcolax.
Laxatives based on bran and seaweed.
Osmotic preparations based on magnesia, Karlovskaya salt, sodium, which negatively affect the water-salt balance of the body of a pregnant woman.

Laxatives for pregnant women

The main rule in the treatment of a pregnant woman is “do no harm”. Therefore, self-administration of drugs is out of the question. Pregnant women are absolutely contraindicated in drugs that increase bowel contraction, such as Senade, Bisacodyl, Regulax. They cause uterine muscle tone and can provoke labor.

There are several groups of laxatives approved for use during pregnancy. But they must also be prescribed by a doctor:

Glycerin suppositories

Permitted to be used as a means of emergency care, not suitable for frequent use. Glycerin in the composition of the suppository irritates the walls of the rectum, causing increased peristalsis, and the oils that make up its composition help soften feces. The action comes quickly - in 15-30 minutes. You can not use with the existing threat of miscarriage.

Microclyster Microlax

The active substance sodium citrate softens and thins the stool and gently enhances peristalsis. Bowel emptying occurs after 15 minutes.

Lactulose

Lactulose preparations (“Duphalac”, “Portalac”, “Normaze”) are a mild laxative that is broken down in the large intestine into organic acids, causing a decrease in acidity and an increase in osmotic pressure. The action of lactulose is based on an increase and softening of the intestinal contents, stimulation of peristalsis. The laxative effect occurs about a day after ingestion.

Doing enemas for pregnant women is prohibited - they tone the muscles of the uterus and increase the likelihood of miscarriage or premature birth.

Nutrition Features

Constipation during pregnancy in the later stages must be treated only under the supervision of a doctor, because improperly selected medications can lead to premature birth.

At home, to establish a stable digestive process will allow diet food. It is recommended to include products for constipation during pregnancy with a laxative effect in the daily menu. A large amount of fiber is found in cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, cereals, apples, watermelons and dairy products. The main thing is to steam or bake in the oven with a minimum amount of spices and fats.

Healthy oils

Treatment of constipation during pregnancy should be carried out only by safe methods that are allowed by doctors.

Oils have a large amount of fat, which can adversely affect the functioning of the digestive organs, such as the liver or pancreas.

Before breakfast, it is useful to drink a spoonful of olive, linseed or sunflower oil to defuse the solid waste products in the large intestine.

Salads with fiber

In the last stages of pregnancy, you should especially carefully listen to your body in order to identify possible symptoms of constipation in time. After all, improperly selected methods of treatment can lead to premature birth.

You can establish a normal digestive process with the help of a diet menu. It is recommended to include foods high in coarse fibers in the daily menu. It is fiber that quickly cleanses the intestinal system of toxins.

For breakfast, a fresh apple, kiwi and plum salad dressed with yogurt with live bacteria is useful. Such a salad will speed up the digestive process and cleanse the stomach of toxins. For better effectiveness, bran can be added to the salad.

You can also make a salad of beets and carrots if you are not allergic. It is recommended to fill with fresh herbs and vegetable oil.

Dried fruits

Dried fruits are characterized unique properties. Prunes are especially popular because of their quick laxative effect. In addition, plum does not cause allergic reactions and is allowed almost from the first days of a baby's life.

To prepare a healing decoction, pour a few prunes with a glass of boiling water. Insist for several hours, strain and take a glass before breakfast.

If there are no allergic reactions, then you can grind prunes, dried apricots, raisins and nuts. Pour the resulting mixture with honey and take one spoonful before breakfast. It is not only effective for constipation, but also beneficial for the body.

Prohibited Products

During pregnancy, it is recommended to exclude products with a fixing effect from the daily menu, namely:

Bakery and confectionery products.
Smoked sausages and canned food.
Spicy and fried foods.
Rice, beans, potatoes, jelly.

What to do and how to get rid of constipation

It is often possible to eliminate the problem with bowel movements only by adjusting the diet. During pregnancy, you can widely use products that relieve constipation. The use of drugs is limited, since for many of them pregnancy is a contraindication to taking.

The use of medicines and preparations

During pregnancy, the main requirement for laxatives is their safety. Only mild agents are allowed, which allow you to bring the consistency of feces closer to normal, thereby facilitating its removal. The drugs of choice are drugs with an osmotic effect:

Active substance	Operating principle	Trade marks
oral lactulose	Lactulose is a polysaccharide that is not absorbed in the intestine. It provokes the flow of fluid into the intestine, which changes the consistency of feces and helps to eliminate it. Lactulose creates an acidic environment in the colon, which prevents the reproduction of pathogenic flora.	Lactulose, Evikt, Duphalac, Goodluck.
Macrogol orally or microclysters	Other names are polyethylene glycol, PEG. These polymers are considered completely safe when taken orally, cause little to no allergies, and do not affect pregnancy. Macrogol is not digested. Like lactulose, it retains water and thins the stool. There is no irritant effect on the intestine.	Lavacol, Osmogol, Microlax, Tranzipeg, Forlax.
Glycerol suppositories	When applied topically (glycerin suppositories), it has a slight irritating effect, a lubricating effect, and helps soften feces.	Candles with glycerin, Glitselaks.

To eliminate the inflammatory process in the rectum after the elimination of constipation, you can use sea buckthorn suppositories. They accelerate the healing of minor damage to the mucosa, can be prescribed for hemorrhoids, cracks. Use during pregnancy is completely safe.

Constipation nutrition rules

The first thing to adjust for constipation is water intake. Minimum for a pregnant woman - 1.5 liters, excluding liquid in products. It is advisable to drink a glass of warm water with lemon before each meal. It will also be useful mineral water. Diuretic drinks should be avoided. These include coffee and tea, including green tea.

Measures to prevent chronic constipation during pregnancy also include:

Diet	Fractional. The daily ration is divided into at least 5 meals. Dinner should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
food temperature	Products should not be cold or excessively hot.
Slow digesting foods	Meals with a lot of protein and other heavy foods are eaten in the morning.
Cellulose	Sufficient consumption of foods with fiber will help eliminate constipation: vegetables (especially greens and cabbage), cereals, black bread. They increase the volume of feces. During pregnancy, vegetables and fruits per day need at least 600 g, mostly fresh.
Sour milk drinks	Stimulate intestinal motility, normalize its microflora. A glass of curdled milk or kefir before going to bed - The best way get rid of constipation during pregnancy without the use of drugs. To enhance the effect in kefir, you can add a spoonful of any vegetable oil.
Products with a laxative effect	Natural laxatives contain plums and prunes, apricots and dried apricots, peaches, nectarines, figs. Prunes are used for constipation during pregnancy more often than others, as it produces the strongest laxative effect. During pregnancy, you can use it in its natural form (up to 10 pieces per day), and in the form of mashed potatoes or decoctions. A good remedy for constipation is seaweed. It is added to vegetable and meat dishes.

Undesirable products for constipation during pregnancy: all viscous and mashed dishes (jelly, mashed soups, boiled rice and pasta, semolina), food with tannin (tea, blueberries, cocoa, persimmon, bird cherry), mushrooms, whole milk. Products that enhance gas formation (beans, apple and grape juice) will also have to be temporarily excluded.

What exercises can help

An important means of preventing constipation during pregnancy is active movement. The most useful are long walks, an exercise bike, swimming and water aerobics. Yoga and Pilates for pregnant women also give a good effect. Classes should increase the tone of the body, strengthen the abdominal wall, but not lead to overwork.

Exercises to help relieve constipation during pregnancy:

retraction-relaxation of the abdomen in a standing position;
very slow squats. In the later stages, they should be abandoned or performed while holding onto the wall;
lifting the hips in a prone position, legs bent. The body rests on the feet and shoulder blades;
lying on your back, legs bent, we spread our knees to the sides;
leg movements in the prone position: circular (bicycle) or counter (scissors);
walking with knees up.

All these exercises are prohibited if there is a risk of miscarriage.

Folk remedies for constipation

Some folk remedies safe but quite effective. In 2/3 of women, they allow you to avoid the use of drugs. What to do at home to get rid of constipation:

Relaxing breakfast: brew oatmeal, add cubes of boiled beets, soaked and finely chopped prunes.
Grind plantain seeds into powder. Take raw: half a teaspoon before each meal with water. Already crushed seeds are sold under the names of psyllium or isfaghula. It has been established that this remedy does not affect the course of pregnancy, therefore it can be used for a long time.
A decoction of psyllium seeds. Pour half a cup of seeds into a glass of water. Simmer for an hour on low heat under the lid. Drink 50 g before meals.
Flax seeds during pregnancy can be consumed in kind. Every morning they eat 1 tablespoon, chewing well. They can also be added to fermented milk drinks, salads, porridge. Recipe with kefir: add a teaspoon of ground seeds to a glass of drink, leave for half an hour to swell.
A decoction of flax seeds is a stronger remedy for constipation. A tablespoon of seeds is boiled in a liter of boiling water for 1 hour, stirring regularly. You can drink up to 4 glasses of this decoction per day. Psyllium and flax seeds have a mild, rather slow action. Intestinal cleansing during pregnancy occurs 1-2 days after the start of treatment. For the best effect, they are washed down with a large volume of water.
Infusion of prunes. In the evening, place 100 g of prunes in a thermos, pour 2 cups of boiling water, leave until morning. During this day, the infusion is completely drunk, steamed prunes are eaten.

To normalize the stool with constipation, choose one of the above recipes. The use of several drugs at the same time can lead to diarrhea.

Folk methods of treatment

What to do at home if constipation occurs during pregnancy? You can try folk recipes, but only after the permission of the doctor, because contraindications are possible.

So, we offer several effective laxatives:

On the basis of beets and prunes, you can prepare not only a healthy, but also a healing decoction. All ingredients must be crushed, pour boiling water and cook for several minutes. We filter the resulting broth and add a spoonful of natural honey for taste, if there are no allergic reactions. A decoction of prunes and beets is characterized by an increased level of efficiency.
You can simply prepare a decoction based on prunes. To do this, pour a few berries with boiling water and insist for several hours. Strain and take a glass before breakfast.
Dill water is allowed from the first days of life due to the absence of contraindications. In addition, one can single out such a positive property as the ability to eliminate increased gas formation and bloating.
Tea with fennel seeds. This is a safe plant that is recommended from the first days of a baby's life and during pregnancy.
An infusion of chamomile will help not only dilute hard stools, but also relieve spasm.

Preventive measures

The main principles of disease prevention:

Drinking enough liquid.
Taking enough food.
Exclusion from the diet of "harmful" food, which impairs the motor function of the intestine.
Frequent meals in small portions.
Sufficient physical activity.

Exercises

If you don’t get enough outdoor exercise, then make it a rule to do the following exercise every day. Stand on your knees, resting your arms outstretched on the floor. The spine is parallel to the floor. Raise the left leg bent at the knee, then the right. Repeat 10 times for each leg.
Poor bowel movement or its absence can be caused by various reasons, but treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist with whom you are registered.

Not allowed:

self-selection of drugs;
treatment of the disease with herbs;
do exercises that put pressure on the stomach.

It is important to start treatment in a timely manner, since the appearance of constipation is fraught with its consequences.
Insufficient defecation of the stomach occurs in every second pregnant woman. The problem cannot be ignored, since normally emptying should take place daily.

Treatment involves the inclusion medications diet and sufficient physical activity.

Prevention

Prevention of constipation during pregnancy consists of the following key points:

It is recommended to break the daily diet into small portions.
The daily menu should include foods with coarse fibers.
Confectionery and bakery products, fast food, fried, smoked and spicy dishes should be excluded from the menu.
If there is no risk of edema, then it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids in the form of water, tea, fresh juices and fruit drinks.
Pregnant women are encouraged to lead an active lifestyle. Today there are special courses for pregnant women, namely swimming, aerobics and dancing.
In the daily diet, be sure to include dried fruits, which allow you to normalize the digestive process.

The best treatment for constipation in a pregnant woman is the prevention of their occurrence

To avoid disorders in the gastrointestinal tract and the associated need for treatment, a woman who is preparing to become a mother needs to follow a few simple rules:

You can't limit yourself to liquids. On the day you need to drink at least 2 - 3 liters of compotes, juices, mineral water or healing decoctions. If edema occurs, you should carefully monitor the ratio of the drunk and excreted fluid and be sure to seek the advice of a doctor.
A woman is not allowed to be nervous. Stress will definitely cause constipation in the expectant mother.
Such ladies should adhere to a diet that specialists in the antenatal clinic will help her develop. All gas-producing and constipating foods should be eliminated from your diet.

Pregnancy is not a reason for the expectant mother to reduce physical activity. It is a dosed load, walks in the fresh air and an active lifestyle that will help prevent gastrointestinal upset during pregnancy.

Complications of intestinal dyskinesia

Gestational constipation during pregnancy significantly worsens a woman's condition and can create a complex of threatening health factors. Long-term stasis of the large intestine provokes a number of disorders in the body, which manifests itself in the activation of anaerobic microflora and the dislocation of microorganisms and their metabolic products through the intestinal membrane.

Constipation violates the natural biocenosis of the large intestine, provokes the biocenosis of the cervical passage of the vagina, infection of the embryo and complication of the gestational period. Perinatal period against the background of dysfunction of the large intestine is complicated by the threat of miscarriage, premature release of amniotic fluid, endometritis. Constipation increases the permeability of the intestinal lining. Immunological indicators are reduced and provoke the development of purulent and septic pathologies.

Constipation in the perinatal period requires timely adequate treatment; in complicated forms of the disease, it is recommended to use medications.

Treatment

fresh white bread, rich pastries (various buns, pies, pies);
rice and instant oatmeal;
grapes and raisins;
smoked products, sausages;
confectionery - cakes, pastries, sweets and sweets.

You should sharply limit the use of coffee, strong tea, semolina, white cabbage, onions, garlic, radishes - these products increase fermentation processes in the intestines, cause flatulence, gas formation and can cause constipation.

It is recommended to include in the diet more fresh vegetables and fruits, vegetable oils, fiber - apples, plums, beets, bananas, zucchini, pumpkin, dried apricots, apricots, oatmeal that requires long cooking, carrots, nuts in small quantities. With individual intolerance to fresh fruits and vegetables, you can eat a couple of baked apples on an empty stomach, they contain a lot of pectin, which enhances intestinal motility and gently cleanses it of feces.

In the absence of problems with the functioning of the gallbladder and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase, it is recommended that the expectant mother start her morning with a glass of warm water and 1 dessert spoon of linseed oil (can be replaced with olive or pumpkin oil). Such a recipe will not only prevent the occurrence of constipation, but also enrich the body of pregnancy with polyunsaturated fatty acid necessary for the normal development and growth of the musculoskeletal system in the fetus.

Drinking regime

The use of clean water plays a huge role in the full functioning of the intestines, the regularity of the stool, the parameters of blood pressure and the rate of metabolic processes in the body. In the absence of diseases of the kidneys, heart, the presence of edema and hypertension, the expectant mother should drink at least 1.5 liters of pure water per day, excluding juice, tea, first courses, compotes.

Physical activity and gymnastics

It is good when a pregnant woman starts her morning with a light gymnastic workout or a walk in the fresh air before breakfast. Gymnastic exercises start the work of the internal organs and the intestine itself, give vigor, saturate the blood with oxygen. Women who exercise regularly do not suffer from constipation even at long stages of pregnancy.

Medical treatment for constipation

If no diets, exercises and lifestyle changes help to normalize regular stools and the pregnant woman develops chronic constipation, then the doctor selects a mild drug with a laxative effect.

Important! Self-administration of laxatives during pregnancy is categorically contraindicated, since contraction and increased intestinal motility often triggers contraction of the walls of the uterus, and this can lead to miscarriage or premature birth. In addition, improper dosing of a laxative is fraught with diarrhea and dehydration, which is deadly for the fetus in the womb.

Expectant mothers are prescribed laxatives based on lactulose, for example, Dufalac. This remedy is safe for mother and fetus and acts directly in the rectum. Also, to facilitate the act of defecation, you can resort to glycerin rectal suppositories - they also act directly in the rectum and do not cause contraction of the entire large intestine.

The expectant mother should remember that the use of laxatives is only advisable if no other methods help. Frequent use of suppositories or syrup, as well as enemas, can lead to a decrease in intestinal motility and exacerbate the problem.

Dietary nutrition during obstipation

Therapeutic methods consist in drawing up an adequate schedule and a nutritious diet. During pregnancy, you should familiarize yourself with the list of products that prevent or contribute to the normalization of bowel movements.

Nutritional diet to normalize obstipation:

rye bakery products;
fruit and vegetable assortment;
bran;
cereals from buckwheat, oatmeal, barley cereals;
meat with muscle fibers;
salted and pickled vegetables;
mineral water, kvass;
sour milk products;
juices and nectars from white grapes;
dried fruits and berries.

Foods that promote constipation:

Black tea, red grape juice, blueberries.
Pureed and slimy soups and cereals.

With problematic bowel movements, the content of coarse fiber should be adjusted. The use of foods rich in coarse fiber provokes bloating with increased gas production. To exclude the increased formation of gases, it is recommended to limit the use of dishes from legumes, cabbage, sorrel, spinach.

Diet

Proper nutrition for constipation during pregnancy is the safest and most effective method of dealing with the problem. The following foods should be added to the diet:

containing fiber of plant origin: carrots, pumpkin, zucchini, buckwheat, oatmeal, pearl barley, wholemeal bread;
containing organic acids: dried fruits, in particular dried apricots, raisins, prunes, dates;
dairy products.

Food for constipation excludes foods such as:

fat meat;
buns and sweets;
smoked meats;
potato;
pasta;
White bread;
tea, coffee, soft drinks.

signs

What are constipation? Experts distinguish two main forms of this problem - atonic and spastic. First, let's talk about the first type of stool retention. It is associated with decreased tone of the intestinal muscles. Most often, intestinal atony develops against the background of hormonal changes and nutritional errors. The disorder manifests itself in the form of such symptoms:

aching and pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
feeling of fullness in the intestines;
bloating;
flatulence;
sluggish state, depression, apathy;
nausea;
dense fecal masses in which impurities of mucus and streaks of blood can be detected.

With spastic constipation, the tone is not reduced, but due to the tightness of the intestine, peristalsis is weakened. Most often, this type of violation is associated with psychological causes. Spastic constipation manifests itself in the form of such symptoms:

attacks of pain on the left side of the abdomen with irradiation to the inguinal zone;
loss of appetite;
increased gas formation;
nausea;
fatigue, nervousness;
incomplete bowel movement;
defecation in the form of fragmented dense lumps.

Constipation in the first trimester of pregnancy is often accompanied by bouts of pain.

Constipation in late pregnancy

The closer the time of birth of the baby, the greater the likelihood of difficulty in defecation in the expectant mother: in the second half of the gestational period, this is a very common occurrence.

The second trimester is the time of a noticeable decrease in the level of the hormone motilin, which affects gastrointestinal motility. The activity of this hormone is restored only after childbirth.
In many pregnant women in the later stages, physical activity is significantly reduced. Usually this is due to the presence of a large belly, excess weight, back pain, fatigue. Sometimes movement is limited for medical reasons.
The formation of constipation contributes to the growing uterus, pressing on the intestines and inhibiting its motility. Shortly before the birth of the baby, the baby's head, which has fallen down, can pinch the digestive organ.
While waiting for the baby, especially in the second half of this period, edema becomes a frequent occurrence. To prevent their occurrence, expectant mothers limit fluid intake. This makes it difficult for the intestines to work.
If there is a risk of preterm birth, gynecologists prescribe special means to maintain pregnancy, the use of which can lead to difficult defecation.
A fairly common phenomenon is neurogenic constipation. The expectant mother in the last weeks of waiting for the baby is often nervous, thinking about the upcoming birth, about the health of the baby, about possible problems postpartum period.

Attention! Most often, constipation occurs at 16 - 36 weeks of pregnancy.

Can constipation be prevented?

As you know, one hundred grams of prevention is better than one hundred grams of treatment! Indeed, constipation at 1 week is easier to prevent than to deal with it later.

Nutrition

Enrich your diet with boiled or steamed vegetables. The daily menu should include liquid meals in the form of simple soups.

Eat more plant foods rich in fiber, as well as dairy products. Refuse fried, fatty, smoked, pickled, etc. Eat often, but little by little.

Note! Oatmeal with prunes is a natural laxative!

Let's highlight the products that help cleanse the intestines:

fresh vegetables;
legumes;
pumpkin, radish, pepper;
raisins, prunes;
carrots, beets;
apples, plums;
whole wheat bread.

Activity

If there are no restrictions regarding physical mobility, it would be beneficial for a pregnant woman to walk in the fresh air every day. You can choose the type of activity that a woman likes: swimming, yoga, gymnastics, etc.

Drink

The consumption of natural water must be balanced. On the one hand, a large amount of fluid can lead to puffiness, but there is also a “reverse side of the coin” when a lack of fluid leads to constipation.

Summing up, we can say with confidence that constipation in the first trimester of pregnancy is not a sentence. Many reasons can lead to the occurrence of a pathological process, among which hormonal changes, malnutrition and physical inactivity can be distinguished. Constipation is dangerous for a pregnant woman, as it can negatively affect the course of pregnancy.

Early contact with a specialist is the key to your health. Do not ignore the alarming symptoms, get tested and start treatment. Constipation prevention is The best decision. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and microelements, an active rhythm of life, sufficient fluid intake - all this will help prevent the occurrence of many diseases, including constipation!

Folk recipes

Herbal medicine recipes are used with great care during pregnancy. First, let's highlight the list of prohibited medicinal plants:

aloe;
senna and rhubarb leaves;
sagebrush;
yarrow;
nettle;
buckthorn bark;
flax seeds;
Castor oil;
joster fruits.

All of the above herbs stimulate intestinal motility and affect the smooth muscles of the uterus. This process can lead to premature contractions of the reproductive organ. Now let's talk about allowed plants that have antispasmodic, analgesic and laxative effects:

ginger;
motherwort;
plantain;
currant and blueberry leaves;
rosehip berries;
mint;
Linden blossom;
dill.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, even the intake of decoctions of medicinal herbs must be agreed with the doctor. As mentioned above, constipation is atonic and spastic. Treatment for each form may vary slightly. To begin, consider healthy recipes traditional medicine for intestinal atony:

mix the fruits of anise, cumin and fennel. Pour a tablespoon of dry raw materials with a glass of boiling water and let it brew for one hour. The agent should be filtered, after which it is consumed in 100 ml half an hour before a meal;
for this recipe you will need rowan berries, fennel fruits, blackberry leaves and nettle grass. Dry ingredients are poured with boiling water. After an hour and a half, the product is filtered. It should be taken three times a day for a third of a glass;
after waking up, drink freshly squeezed carrot juice;
Pour a tablespoon of wheat bran with two glasses of hot milk. The remedy should be infused for forty minutes. Strained infusion is drunk in the morning.

Spasmodic constipation can be relieved with potato juice diluted in equal proportions with water. You need to drink it three times a day before meals, a quarter cup. You can also prepare a simple remedy based on figs.

Seed fruit should be poured with hot milk and infused until the liquid cools. Take one tablespoon three times a day. The populists also advise to dissolve a small amount of honey in a glass of warm milk. The liquid should be consumed before bedtime in a third of a glass.

Carrot juice will help to cope with intestinal atony

You can improve bowel movements by drinking a glass of cool water on an empty stomach after waking up and twenty minutes before breakfast. You can add a few drops lemon juice and some honey. You can also add dried apples to hot tea, this will also help to provide a laxative effect. Prunes also improve the defecation process. It can be used in combination with other products, as well as separately in raw, soaked or boiled form.

Another effective tool to normalize the work of the intestine is a beetroot decoction. To prepare it, you will need to take one hundred grams of beets, prunes and oatmeal. Beets should be peeled and grated on a fine grater. Prunes must be washed under running water.

All ingredients are placed in a container and filled with two liters of water. The liquid is boiled for an hour. The filtered product is stored in the refrigerator. Drink beetroot decoction before going to bed, one glass at a time. Populists also recommend preparing a honey mix. You will need to take prunes, dried apricots and raisins.

All dried fruits should be washed, dried and passed through a meat grinder. There also add bee nectar and mix. It is necessary to take such a remedy two teaspoons before bedtime, it is allowed to drink water. At the same time, the honey mix normalizes the functioning of the intestines and saturates the body of a pregnant woman with vitamins. With a tendency to allergies, this recipe is prohibited.

Even pregnant women can drink a glass of fresh low-fat kefir with a tablespoon of olive oil before going to bed. It is extremely important that the fermented milk product is fresh, otherwise it will have a binding effect. It will also be useful to prepare natural sweets from figs and prunes with the addition of a pinch of coriander. Dried fruits should be crushed and molded into balls.

Sweets can be stored in the refrigerator. For good bowel function, it is enough to consume two pieces a day.

Enemas and microclysters. Is it possible?

Many older people, far from medicine, can advise enemas as a remedy for constipation during pregnancy. However, following such advice is quite dangerous!

Enemas are especially harmful at a later date. It is no coincidence that doctors recommend an enema to women before sending them to the delivery room. And bowel cleansing is not the only goal here. The fact is that the enema relaxes the intestinal muscles and similarly affects the muscles of the uterus. And, if there are no contractions with sufficient dilatation of the cervix, an enema can significantly speed up labor due to the appearance of contractions.

For this reason, it is forbidden to treat constipation with enemas, as this can cause uterine tone, and cause early labor. In addition, the frequent use of enemas leads to lazy bowel syndrome and leaching of beneficial microflora.

Clinical picture

At the first appearance of symptoms of constipation, you should immediately consult a specialist!

Constipation in early pregnancy is manifested as follows:

decrease in defecation and fecal mass;
there is almost no water in the feces, it is hard and dry;
after the act of defecation, there is a feeling of fullness of the intestine;
heaviness in the stomach and pain in the intestines, usually on the left side;
bloating and flatulence;
intoxication symptoms in the form of nausea, vomiting and the appearance of bitterness in the mouth.

Is it possible for pregnant women to take an enema for constipation?

There is no definite answer to the question of whether it is possible to use an enema for constipation in pregnant women.
Each remedy for regular bowel movements in each specific case must be prescribed by a gynecologist
In principle, an enema can be given to pregnant women in the early stages, in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Folk remedies

With the help of alternative medicine recipes, regular bowel movements can be easily and quickly established, but consult your gynecologist before starting.

How to get rid of constipation - simple recipes

Rinse 100 g of prunes, mix with 100 g of hercules and 100 g of chopped raw beets, pour the mixture with 2 liters of water, simmer for an hour on low heat. Cool, strain, take 200 ml every day at bedtime.
Mix 100 g of raisins, dried apricots and prunes, chop in a blender or with a meat grinder, add 30 ml of honey. Eats 10 g of the mixture in the morning or before bedtime, you can drink warm water.
If you have problems with bowel movements from time to time, prepare a tasty and healthy drink with a slight laxative effect. Soak 100 g of prunes and 150 g of dried apricots in boiling water, drain the liquid after a quarter of an hour. Pour steamed fruits with 2 liters of water, bring to a boil, cook for another 8-10 minutes over medium heat, you can add sugar to taste.
In the evening, dissolve 5 g of honey in 200 ml of water, drink a drink in the morning immediately after waking up.
Herbal collection will help get rid of bloating - mix mint, chamomile, cumin and dill seeds in equal parts, 2-3 tbsp. l. mix pour 300 ml of boiling water. After a quarter of an hour, the drink will be ready, drink it instead of regular tea.

How much water should you drink?

The success of good digestion lies in an adequate drinking regimen. You need to drink enough water. Even if a woman is prone to edema during pregnancy, it is impossible to refuse water, it is worth reducing the volume of other liquids (juices, milk, broths), and reducing the amount of salt consumed. On average, you need to drink about 2-2.5 liters of water. This is especially true in the hot season, as well as with a tendency to constipation.

In addition to constipation, the following signs will tell you about the lack of water in the body:

dry and cracked lips;
dark shade of urine and its sharp smell;
peeling of the skin of the face, hands, fragility of hair and nails.

Water balance is important not only for the normal well-being of the mother! The child also needs water, because the amniotic fluid in which he is located must be updated several times a day. If both constipation and swelling torment you at the same time, water with lemon helps well - the water balance in the body is maintained, but excess fluid is excreted due to acid.

Constipation during pregnancy is a common phenomenon. It is necessary to discard the constraints and be sure to inform the doctor who will help you find the best solution to this delicate problem.

Drug therapy: drugs approved for pregnant women

If dietary adjustments and folk remedies do not work, medications will help correct the situation.

It should be noted that most common laxatives should not be used during pregnancy. Only a few of them are recognized as safe for expectant mothers.

Lactulose based products

Lactulose is a crystalline substance, odorless and soluble in water. It increases the volume of feces, softens them and has a mild laxative effect.

This substance is also a prebiotic. Once in the body, it enters the large intestine in an unchanged state, where it provokes the growth of beneficial microflora.

Important! In medical practice, lactulose-based drugs are the only laxatives in the range that are recognized as safe for all populations, including pregnant women and young children.

The pharmacy chain presents a variety of medicines based on this substance: Dufalac, Normaze, Portlak, Romfalak, Lizalak, Goodluck, Dinolac. All of them are almost identical in composition, differ only in excipients. For example, Goodluck and Normaze contain nutritional supplements that improve taste.

Duphalac is a solution of lactulose in specially prepared water (it contains 66.7 g in 100 ml of the product). It is a clear, viscous, colorless or pale yellow syrup. Along with all the benefits due to lactulose in its composition, Dufalac can have a side effect in the form of bloating, which appears on the 3-4th day of admission. Usually it goes away on its own, but in order to prevent flatulence, doctors recommend gradually increasing the dosage from the minimum to the most effective.

The drug Dinolak is an emulsion containing, in addition to lactulose, simethicone. This substance helps to reduce bloating, and with them - a feeling of heaviness and discomfort. Therefore, taking Dinolac is not only a way to get rid of constipation, but at the same time the treatment of bloating and flatulence.

Glycerin suppositories for constipation

The drug is a transparent suppository, sealed in an aluminum foil package. They have a local irritating effect on the mucous layer of the rectum. The result is a reflex stimulation of intestinal peristalsis. Under the action of glycerol, from which the suppositories are made, the feces soften, so defecation is greatly facilitated.

It is believed that the action of glycerin-based suppositories is soft, lacks side effects and security. However, there are nuances associated with their use, which expectant mothers should be aware of.

It is not recommended to resort to this method of dealing with constipation at the beginning of pregnancy. Relaxation of the rectum can also affect the uterus - at this point it is located very close to the intestines. This recommendation is especially relevant when there is a risk of miscarriage.
In the last trimester, such drugs can have a relaxing effect on the uterus and provoke premature birth.
After the introduction of glycerin suppositories, itching or severe burning sometimes occurs, which indicates an allergic reaction.
Rectal suppositories cannot be used if a woman has manifestations of hemorrhoids, inflammation and neoplasms of the anus and rectum, as well as cracks in the anus.

Prolonged use of rectal suppositories leads to a dulling of the sensitivity of receptors located on the intestinal mucosa. This is fraught with a weakening of the function of emptying this body. Therefore, the systematic use of rectal suppositories to get rid of constipation is unacceptable.

Important! The constant use of glycerin suppositories leads to addiction and can cause a complete inability of the intestines to excrete feces on their own.

Microclysters

This drug is available in the form of microclysters for single use, which are containers with special applicator tips with rounded edges. Each of the microclysters contains 5 ml of the active solution, which is the optimal dosage.

Microlax acts for 5-10 minutes. It softens dense feces, facilitates its removal from the body. The action of the drug is limited to the rectum and does not affect other parts of the digestive tract.

The tool is very convenient to use, as it does not require preliminary antiseptic treatment and is completely ready for use.

Can laxatives be used by pregnant women?

How to deal with constipation during pregnancy and is it possible to take laxatives? Most medicines are strictly contraindicated for pregnant women, as they can cause uterine contractions and lead to miscarriage. Some drugs disrupt the water-salt balance, causing digestive disorders, abdominal pain, diarrhea, which is also very dangerous for the expectant mother and her child.

But at the same time, not treating constipation is also extremely dangerous. What to do? First of all, preventive measures should be observed (which are described in detail below). But if the problem has already arisen, then in no case should you independently prescribe medications for yourself or practice the treatment of constipation with folk remedies. After all, even such, at first glance, safe preparations based on herbs, such as hay leaves, magnesia, Karlovy Vary salt, castor oil and others, can cause irreparable harm to a pregnant woman.

How to eliminate the causes and fix the stool

In order to normalize the stool and eliminate constipation at the beginning of pregnancy, you must:

Include enough fiber in your diet. To do this, you should eat at least 0.5 kg of fruits and vegetables daily, eat mainly unrefined grain products (buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, whole grain bread, brown rice, etc.).
Drink enough water. If there are no edema and special problems with the heart and kidneys, then you need to drink at least 1.5 liters of fluid daily, and even more on hot summer days.
Walk daily. Walking very well stimulates intestinal motility, thereby reducing the likelihood of constipation.
Do not take everything to heart, try to see the positive side in everything, learn to enjoy life.

Prevention methods

To prevent the occurrence of constipation, it is necessary to drink at least 2 liters of pure water per day, provided that there are no edema, kidney and heart diseases. It is useful to take daily long walks at a moderate pace, to make the right diet.

Foods that help fight constipation

raw vegetables and fruits - contain a lot of fiber, improve peristalsis;
black, bran bread;
prunes and other dried fruits, nuts;
buckwheat, oatmeal, barley groats;
lean meats; fermented milk products, the shelf life of which does not exceed 72 hours;
first courses on vegetable broths.

Foods that can cause constipation

strong tea, coffee, kissel;
chocolate, cocoa;
bread and pastries made from white flour;
mucous soups;
rice, semolina, pasta;
eggs;
blueberry;
sorrel, cabbage, mushrooms, onions, garlic, legumes - provoke flatulence and bloating;
fatty, fried foods - negatively affects the digestive system as a whole.

If you have a tendency to constipation, you need to eat often, at least 5 times a day, portions should be small, it is forbidden to eat dry foods - drink 1-2 glasses of water before each meal.

Well normalizes the process of digestion acupressure- place 3 fingers below the navel, under them there is a point that activates peristalsis - press it lightly 30-40 times a day.

Diagnostic procedures

The initial diagnosis is made on the basis of complaints, the determination of the chronic or acute stage, the study of the lifestyle and living conditions of the pregnant woman.

During the general clinical examination, the following are performed:

Percussion to detect swelling of the intestinal tract.
Proctological examination to identify cracks, hemorrhoids, tumors, blood discharge, anal sphincter tone, intestinal motility.
Transcutaneous palpation of intestinal contents.

Differential examinations:

General clinical analysis of blood, feces and urine.
Blood test for bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase.
Analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis and latent blood clots.
Laboratory study of feces for enzymatic activity and the ability to digest food.
Examination of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
Smears on the state of microflora.
Cervical bacterial culture to test for antibiotic susceptibility.
Diagnosis of cellular immunity.

Instrumental diagnostics:

Sigmoidoscopy examination - is performed using a visual examination of the mucous capsule of the intestine and the distal region of the sigmoid process. Diagnosis is carried out with a rectal monoscope (a tube with lighting fixture, air device and video camera). The method allows to adequately assess the inner shell of the rectum and sigmoid process.
Colonoscopy is one of the types of sigmoidoscopy, but with increased capabilities. With the help of colonoscopy, the entire area of the large intestine (up to 152 cm) is examined.

X-ray examinations and electrogastroenterography in the perinatal period are not performed.

Safe laxatives

At the first symptoms of constipation, you should immediately report the problem to your doctor. Only a specialist, having assessed the severity of the condition, can prescribe drugs for constipation to the expectant mother. So, the safest are the means that are not absorbed into the bloodstream. They are aimed at loosening (due to absorption a large number fluid from tissues) and the natural excretion of feces. These are the so-called probiotics, which have a laxative effect. For example, "Duphalac", "Forlaks", "Tranzipek" and others. In addition to their direct purpose, they contribute to the restoration of intestinal microflora, which prevents the problem of constipation in the future. But even such drugs have contraindications and adverse reactions, so they should be used only in extreme cases and with high caution. In addition, you should not expect an immediate effect from the above drugs: the result can be noted only after a few days.

What is the safest laxative for pregnant women?

Taking any medications during the period of gestation, the expectant mother should not forget about their possible negative impact on the fetus. Medications during any period of pregnancy are selected very carefully. Constipation is treated only with safe and natural remedies. Some of them receive the maximum number of positive reviews and are especially popular with both doctors and patients.

The following drugs help to effectively eliminate constipation during pregnancy:

Duphalac (the drug is a clear liquid, it is recommended to take it for 2-3 weeks to get rid of an attack of constipation);
Senade (tablets are considered a laxative of plant origin);
Microlax (a special solution for rectal use, it helps to cope with an attack of constipation for about 15-20 minutes, can be used as an urgent help for difficult bowel movements);
Glycerin suppositories (the drug eliminates the symptoms of constipation, but it is better to use glycerin suppositories during pregnancy only in case of emergency).

Every second expectant mother complains of difficulty with bowel movements. Constipation during pregnancy is caused by changes in hormonal status, the situation is exacerbated by errors in nutrition and a decrease in motor activity. You can cope with the problem with the help of a diet. In difficult cases, a woman is prescribed laxatives that do not affect the course of pregnancy.

When can you talk about constipation during pregnancy

The normal frequency of bowel movements in an adult ranges from 3 times a day to 3 times a week. If a woman consumes normal amounts of food, and there was no bowel movement for more than 3 days, and she still cannot go to the toilet, we can talk about constipation.

A variant of constipation is too little feces, which comes out with significant straining. At the same time, feces look like a solid, excessively dry mass; there is no relief after defecation. Often pain and heaviness in the abdomen, gases join the feeling of incomplete emptying of the colon.

Long-term (more than 5 days) constipation leads to intoxication of the mother and baby in early and late pregnancy. It is manifested by nausea, apathy, drowsiness, loss of appetite. There may be pain in the anus due to local inflammation, hemorrhoids, cracks. Sometimes there is blood in the stool.

Chronic constipation during pregnancy is considered periodic (at least once a week) difficulty in defecation, long emptying, even if as a result everything goes well. Treatment should be started already at this stage, since the problem progresses rapidly and after a couple of days there is a risk of getting acute constipation, that is, the complete absence of stool for several days.

Causes of constipation during pregnancy

The risk of getting constipated during pregnancy is higher in women who have suffered from this problem before, have irritable bowel syndrome, or have been forced to drastically change their lifestyle and diet, for example, due to toxicosis or a threatened abortion.

Single constipation can be eliminated with the help of medications. Recurring constipation can be managed only by eliminating its cause. At the beginning of pregnancy and later in pregnancy, the causes of problems with bowel movements are different.

In the early stages

The main cause of constipation in the early stages is the rapid change in hormonal levels. Progesterone promotes the growth of the uterus, its relaxation, prevents the rejection of the embryo. A side effect of this hormone is relaxation, or atony, in other parts of the body: blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract.

During pregnancy, there is a high risk of circulatory disorders in the pelvis due to compression of the vessels by the uterus. This condition is dangerous for the development of hemorrhoids. Atony under the influence of progesterone can be seen as the body's defense against this problem. On the other hand, atony leads to a slowdown in the processes of digestion and excretion of waste products.

Progesterone begins to rise immediately after conception, even before the delay in menstruation. It's interesting that folk omens consider constipation as a sign of pregnancy as well as drowsiness, breast swelling. They are completely right: all these symptoms are caused by hormonal changes.

The deterioration of intestinal motility during pregnancy also contributes to:

A sharp decrease in activity. With a lack of movement, intestinal activity decreases, the muscles of the abdominal wall lose their tone.
Anemia. If a reduced hemoglobin is diagnosed during registration, a woman is prescribed iron supplements, in most of which constipation is side effect. Refusal to take these drugs can be dangerous, as the child will experience oxygen starvation. In addition, untreated anemia itself is one of the causes of constipation in the first trimester of pregnancy.
The need for bed rest due to the high risk of miscarriage. In the prone position, intestinal motility slows down.
Stay in a hospital. The inability to defecate on time, an uncomfortable toilet, constant exposure to people, stress - all these factors provoke constipation during pregnancy.
Toxicosis in the early stages leads to alimentary constipation. It develops when normal digestion is impossible: insufficient amount of liquid, small amount of food, deficiency of coarse food.

At a later date

In the 3rd trimester, in addition to the above causes of constipation during pregnancy, the pressure of the uterus on internal organs and vessels. The stomach moves up and back, the pressure in it increases, and the tone decreases even more. Under these conditions, all digestive problems are exacerbated, including constipation.

If a woman is present, she may limit her daily fluid intake or take diuretics, which leads to dehydration and additional difficulty with bowel movements.

Closer to childbirth, the motor activity of a woman is still reduced, the head of the child squeezes the intestines through the uterus. In addition to these factors, stool retention is exacerbated by anxiety before childbirth.

What is the danger of constipation during pregnancy

Putting up with periodic constipation during pregnancy means dooming yourself and your baby to a number of unpleasant consequences:

Bacteria actively multiply in digested food residues, which can lead to inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and genitals.
Prolonged retention of feces leads to intoxication of the mother. From the mother's blood, toxins penetrate into the baby's bloodstream.
With severe constipation, you have to push for a long time, which can lead to premature rupture of the fetal bladder.
With untimely excretion of feces, the intestinal microflora is disturbed, and hence the entire process of digestion. At the same time, appetite worsens. As a result, the woman ceases to receive nutrients in the same volume.
Frequent straining significantly increases the risk of hemorrhoids and anal fissures.

What to do and how to get rid of constipation

The use of medicines and preparations

Active substance	Operating principle	Trade marks
oral lactulose	Lactulose is a polysaccharide that is not absorbed in the intestine. It provokes the flow of fluid into the intestine, which changes the consistency of feces and helps to eliminate it. Lactulose creates an acidic environment in the colon, which prevents the reproduction of pathogenic flora.	Lactulose, Evikt, Duphalac, Goodluck.
Macrogol orally or microclysters	Other names are polyethylene glycol, PEG. These polymers are considered completely safe when taken orally, cause little to no allergies, and do not affect pregnancy. Macrogol is not digested. Like lactulose, it retains water and thins the stool. There is no irritant effect on the intestine.	Lavacol, Osmogol, Microlax, Tranzipeg, Forlax.
Glycerol suppositories	When applied topically (glycerin suppositories), it has a slight irritating effect, a lubricating effect, and helps soften feces.	Candles with glycerin, Glitselaks.

Constipation nutrition rules

The first thing to adjust for constipation is water intake. Minimum for a pregnant woman - 1.5 liters, excluding liquid in products. It is advisable to drink a glass of warm water with lemon before each meal. Mineral water will also help. Diuretic drinks should be avoided. These include coffee and tea, including green tea.

Measures to prevent chronic constipation during pregnancy also include:

Diet	Fractional. The daily ration is divided into at least 5 meals. Dinner should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
food temperature	Products should not be cold or excessively hot.
Slow digesting foods	Meals with a lot of protein and other heavy foods are eaten in the morning.
Cellulose	Sufficient consumption of foods with fiber will help eliminate constipation: vegetables (especially greens and cabbage), cereals, black bread. They increase the volume of feces. During pregnancy, vegetables and fruits per day need at least 600 g, mostly fresh.
Sour milk drinks	Stimulate intestinal motility, normalize its microflora. A glass of curdled milk or kefir before bed is the best way to get rid of constipation during pregnancy without the use of drugs. To enhance the effect in kefir, you can add a spoonful of any vegetable oil.
Products with a laxative effect	Natural laxatives contain plums and prunes, apricots and dried apricots, peaches, nectarines, figs. Prunes are used for constipation during pregnancy more often than others, as it produces the strongest laxative effect. During pregnancy, you can use it in its natural form (up to 10 pieces per day), and in the form of mashed potatoes or decoctions. A good remedy for constipation is seaweed. It is added to vegetable and meat dishes.

What exercises can help

Exercises to help relieve constipation during pregnancy:

retraction-relaxation of the abdomen in a standing position;
very slow squats. In the later stages, they should be abandoned or performed while holding onto the wall;
lifting the hips in a prone position, legs bent. The body rests on the feet and shoulder blades;
lying on your back, legs bent, we spread our knees to the sides;
leg movements in the prone position: circular (bicycle) or counter (scissors);
walking with knees up.

All these exercises are prohibited if there is a risk of miscarriage.

Folk remedies for constipation

Some folk remedies are safe, but quite effective. In 2/3 of women, they allow you to avoid the use of drugs. What to do at home to get rid of constipation:

Relaxing breakfast: brew oatmeal, add cubes of boiled beets, soaked and finely chopped prunes.
Grind plantain seeds into powder. Take raw: half a teaspoon before each meal with water. Already crushed seeds are sold under the names of psyllium or isfaghula. It has been established that this remedy does not affect the course of pregnancy, therefore it can be used for a long time.
A decoction of psyllium seeds. Pour half a cup of seeds into a glass of water. Simmer for an hour on low heat under the lid. Drink 50 g before meals.
Flax seeds during pregnancy can be consumed in kind. Every morning they eat 1 tablespoon, chewing well. They can also be added to fermented milk drinks, salads, porridge. Recipe with kefir: add a teaspoon of ground seeds to a glass of drink, leave for half an hour to swell.
A decoction of flax seeds is a stronger remedy for constipation. A tablespoon of seeds is boiled in a liter of boiling water for 1 hour, stirring regularly. You can drink up to 4 glasses of this decoction per day. Psyllium and flax seeds have a mild, rather slow action. Intestinal cleansing during pregnancy occurs 1-2 days after the start of treatment. For the best effect, they are washed down with a large volume of water.
Infusion of prunes. In the evening, place 100 g of prunes in a thermos, pour 2 cups of boiling water, leave until morning. During this day, the infusion is completely drunk, steamed prunes are eaten.

To normalize the stool with constipation, choose one of the above recipes. The use of several drugs at the same time can lead to diarrhea.

How not to treat constipation during pregnancy

Speaking about how to deal with constipation, one cannot fail to mention the means that are prohibited during pregnancy.

Laxatives with a pronounced irritant effect are contraindicated, since when stimulating intestinal motility, the contractile activity of the uterus simultaneously increases. There is evidence that these drugs can interfere with the development of the child. In addition, with prolonged use, they lead to frequent diarrhea, loss of fluid and electrolytes, and abdominal pain. Irritating drugs include castor oil, bisacodyl (tablets and suppositories for constipation Dulcolax, Bisacodyl), senna grass and preparations based on it, buckthorn bark, sodium picosulfate (Slabilen, Guttalax, Slabikap).

During pregnancy, you can not use any physiotherapeutic methods that are often prescribed for constipation: SMT, interference therapy, electrophoresis with drugs, mud and paraffin wraps. They can cause uterine contractions and adversely affect the fetus.

Bran during pregnancy can only be eaten if the woman can drink plenty of water. If consumption is less than 1.5 liters per day, bran will absorb fluid from the intestines and further aggravate constipation. If fluid during pregnancy is limited due to edema, dietary fiber can only be consumed in its natural form - in juicy vegetables and fruits.