Illumination and spotlights for plasterboard ceilings. Cut-in hole diameter for spot recessed luminaires

Recessed ceiling LED lights used in the installation of any suspended structures and stretch films. With the help of these lighting devices, you can create the desired light atmosphere in the room.

Rules for installing ceilings with recessed LED lights

Spotlights are ideal for additional lighting in large areas (bedrooms, halls, kitchens) and the main one in small rooms (bathrooms and hallways). But the use of recessed lighting devices has one drawback - the need to lower the ceiling level by a distance corresponding to the height of the lamp. For devices with incandescent lamps, the ceiling level must be lowered by 10-12 cm, with halogen lamps - by 8 cm, with LEDs - by 6 cm.

Since the main direction of modern interior design is to strive, it will be an unsuccessful decision to lower the ceiling by 6-12 cm over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The correct solution is to choose a chandelier located in the central part of the ceiling as the main light source. And recessed fixtures need to be installed around the perimeter of the room, while lowering the ceiling to the distance required for the installation of specific devices.

Using multi-level structures with built-in spotlights, you can create a certain mood and visually change the amount of space. With the simultaneous inclusion of the main and additional devices the atmosphere of a bright sunny day is created. When using only additional light, they get a cozy atmosphere conducive to relaxation and conversation.

In bathrooms, bathrooms and hallways, they traditionally mount or. In this case, the level of the base surface inevitably falls. Therefore, in these rooms it is most convenient to use recessed LED ceiling lights as the main lighting. Using lamps of different brightness, you can focus on some elements of the interior and hide others.

Types of ceiling LED lights

LED lamps occupy one of the first places among devices for indoor and outdoor lighting. Ceiling recessed lamps are produced by many enterprises, domestic and foreign. But for all types of products of these companies there are uniform standards for marking, sizes of flasks and socles.

Recessed ceiling lights in the language of professionals have their own name - "spots". Some models are equipped with a bracket that provides the ability to rotate and change the angle of incidence of light rays. Luminaires can be installed not only horizontally, but also vertically.

Thus, all recessed lighting fixtures can be divided into two categories:

• rotary;
• fixed.

The first are equipped with a movable upper part, which is directed in the right direction.

Manufacturers offer spot lighting devices for different type rooms: with normal and high levels of humidity. The outer part of the lamp can be made of plaster, glass, crystal or aluminum. In the design of the device, various crystals, stained glass inserts, wooden or glass linings can be used.

The design of lamps can be very different: from hi-tech to antique. There are models whose task is to minimize the presence of the device on the ceiling. These lamps have a minimalistic design. Due to the variety of styles and colors, you can choose exactly the model that will harmoniously fit into the interior of the room.

Device of recessed LED ceiling lights

According to the manufacturing method Spotlights are divided into two groups: stamped and cast. The former are easy to distinguish from the latter: you need to turn the lamp over and examine its seat. For stamped, it is the same around the entire circumference. The width of the seat must be at least 9 mm. In cast fixtures, technical tides are visually noticeable on the surface of the seat - areas of a lighter and darker color.

For the lighting of stretch ceilings, only stamped lamps can be used.

Instrument bases are of two types: threaded and pin. The first are marked E, the second - G. Next to the letter designation of the type of base indicate the dimensions in numbers. For example, E27, GU5. more modern. But in the device of recessed lamps, lamps with both types of socles are used.

Table. The main types of plinths.

Plinth marking	Luminaire features
	Used for decorative lighting, has a high light output. The base contacts are loop-shaped. Luminaires are designed to operate from the mains without the use of transformers.
	Two-pin base, the presence of a swivel mount. The pins of the GU base are equipped with small knobs. The numbers next to the marking indicate the distance between the pins.
	Belongs to the category of two-pin. Does not have thickenings on the tips of the pins.
	Equipped mainly with LED linear lamps. The numbers indicate the distance between the pins.
	Plinth "minion". Equip lamps in the form of a candle or a cylinder.

On the body or packaging of LED lamps indicate:

• power in W (the amount of electricity consumed in 1 hour);
• type of flask and base;
• color temperature (hue of emitted light) in Kelvin (warm tones 4000-5000 K, cold tones from 6000 K);
• intensity of the light beam in lumens (Lm);
• dispersion angle.

All LED lamps are labeled led. Additional characteristics can be indicated: power and estimated number of hours of operation. All this data can be seen on the lamp body, glass or bulb. On some products, the manufacturer is also indicated.

An important characteristic of recessed LED lamps is the number of cartridges. There can be up to 8 of them in one device. Thanks to the movable base, you can change the direction of the cartridges, thereby illuminating several zones at once.

Advantages and overview of models of ceiling LED lamps

The main advantages of lamps of this type include:

• a small amount of electricity consumed;
• environmental Safety;
• weak heating of the body (therefore, recessed luminaires do not require additional cooling and ventilation);
• low cost;
• availability;
• long service life (up to 50 thousand hours);
• high resistance to mechanical stress;
• no disposal requirements.

It should be noted that LED ceiling lights are brighter than halogen ones. A definite plus of these devices and in the absence of annoying flicker.

Table. Popular models of LED recessed fixtures.

Model brand	Description	Characteristics
	It has a stylish flat body, ultra-thin, with three-mode backlight. Mainly used in the installation of stretch ceilings.	Outer diameter 107 mm. Recessed diameter 95 mm. Beam angle 120°. Working temperature -30°С – +30°С.
	It has two backlight options - blue and green. The lower surface of the bulb is flat, matte, with mirror reflectors around the circumference. Body is white, diffuser is frosted glass.	External diameter 160 mm. Case height 20 mm. Electricity consumption 15 W per hour. Aluminium case.
	Wide range of body colors. Plastic and glass diffusers, matte. Energy saving. Stylish design, compact and durable. Convenient lamp replacement, as no removal of the retaining ring is required.	Power 3-20 W. Dimensions from 38x106 to 58x125 mm. Mortise hole (inner diameter) 90-110 mm.
	With white and blue illumination. Glass diffusers, transparent. They produce lamps in the form of a circle and a square. Are equipped with the switch of the modes of color and intensity of illumination.	External diameter 160 mm. Internal 110 mm. Power 12 W and 18 W. Color temperature 4000-6000K.

Rules for choosing recessed LED ceiling lights

You need to be most careful when choosing spotlights for stretch ceiling. In this case, it is especially important to know such a characteristic of the lamp as the degree of heating. Mistakes in the choice can lead to deformation of the stretch ceiling, its sagging and damage to the film.

You should know that the stretch ceiling is highly sensitive to high temperatures. When heated, the bar may melt or stain. It is possible to install LED recessed luminaires of any power, but it is necessary to provide high-quality ventilation designs.

A similar requirement for ceilings made of PVC panels or plastic slats. But for these designs it is recommended to use devices with lamps with a power of not more than 40 watts. It is important to take into account the quality of plastic lining or PVC panels. If they are thin and soft enough, it is recommended to purchase low-power lamps, but increase their number. Thus, the desired degree of illumination of the room will be achieved.

When choosing LED ceiling lights take into account:

• operational purpose of the premises;
• size of the area of ​​the room;
• type of material from which the ceiling will be mounted;
• lamp power.

For stretch ceilings, only LED lamps are used.

Installation of ceiling LED lights

Spot lighting devices are installed simultaneously with the installation of the ceiling structure. The gap between the new and the base ceiling should exceed the height of the luminaire body by 1-1.5 cm. Thus, the ventilation necessary for the operation of these devices will be provided.

Wiring diagram for 12 V spotlights with individual transformers

Scheme for connecting spotlights 220 V to a single-gang switch

If a plastic or plasterboard ceiling is being installed, the holes for the lamps are drilled before installation. plastic panels or GKL canvases. To form openings, a crown of a certain diameter is used. Some manufacturers indicate the required hole size on the packaging. Usually it is 60-70 mm.

• connect the wires to the lamp terminals;
• lead the wires into the hole in the ceiling and in some way fix the lamp in suspension;
• then use your fingers to bring together both springs located on the lamp body;
• without releasing the springs, insert the lamp body into the hole in the ceiling;
• release the springs.

When installing a stretch ceiling, the installation of recessed fixtures has its own nuances. Since the holes cut incorrectly on the film can no longer be masked, it is necessary to know the correct sequence of work.

Step 1. Develop a scheme for installing fixtures.

Step 2 On the surface of the base ceiling, the points of attachment of lighting devices are marked.

Step 3 An electric cable is brought to the locations of the devices. Upon completion of the installation, the wiring is checked for operability.

Step 4 Mount fasteners for installation and alignment of fixtures in the same plane. Most often, suspensions are attached to the base ceiling, which are used during installation. plasterboard ceilings. With the help of these metal plates, special mortgages for lamps are fixed in the desired position.

Step 5 Install a stretch ceiling.

Step 6 In the places where the fixtures are installed, a thermal ring is glued onto the film, corresponding to the diameter of the mortgage. You can use super glue. The thermal ring is necessary to limit the mechanical impact on the material of the stretch ceiling.

Step 7 With a sharp knife, cut out the film inside the ring.

Step 8 Bring out the electrical wires.

Step 9 Connect the device to the wiring using the terminals.

Step 10 Install the lamp in the ceiling.

Recessed LED ceiling lights can effectively solve the issue of primary and secondary lighting. But for long-term and safe operation, you need to know the rules for choosing and installing these devices.

Video - Which fixtures are best for a stretch ceiling

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Spotlights for plasterboard ceilings are various types and varied designs. They look neat on the plane of the ceiling and give maximum amount white or colored light that can be directed to a specific area of ​​the room. Thus, with the help of them, you can divide the room into zones not only by the intensity of lighting, but also by the color scheme.

Spotlights are installed in suspended ceiling systems made not only of plasterboard, but also in mineral fiber slabs, for example, structures such as the Armstrong system.

The wiring for spotlights is hidden behind the suspended ceiling structure, so it does not have to do the laborious work of installing a strobe to drown the cable in them. In addition, the technical part of the device will also be hidden in the interceiling space or in the ceiling, and only the decorative part of the lamp will remain visible, so they will look aesthetically pleasing and neat.

In order to choose one of the types of spot lighting devices for different residential premises, to correctly draw up a project for their installation, it is necessary to understand their characteristics and classification.

Point devices are divided according to several criteria - these are the types of lamps, supply voltage, design, installation method and purpose for a particular room.

It is important to know these differences, since some of them will help save energy, others will help to comply with certain safety requirements when operating appliances, and still others will help harmonize the design of the room.

Luminaire design

If the design of spotlights is considered from different points of view, then they can be divided:

- for built-in and overhead;

- on rotary (cardan) and non-rotary;

- for single and cardan (block);

In addition, there is a division according to the type of lighting elements (lamps) used, by voltage, as well as by the level of moisture and dust protection.

• Embedded and overhead models

The design of such lighting devices, first of all, differs in the way they are installed. They are divided according to this criterion into overhead and built-in.

- Embedded options are distinguished by the fact that their entire technical part is located in the inter-ceiling space, and the decorative frame and the entrance to the cartridge for screwing in or installing a light bulb are on the outside of the suspension system.

- Overhead lights are fixed directly to the plasterboard surface, and their installation is significantly different from the built-in version. The installation of such models sometimes has more similarities with the installation of a conventional chandelier, since the lamp holder is located in the ceiling, fixed on the outside of the false ceiling structure.

A fixed lamp is “tied” to its lighting area

- Rotary (they are also called cardan) models are distinguished by the fact that the cartridge in their design is built into a special additional articulated device, for example, two rings on the axle shafts. It can be rotated and installed at different angles with a lamp screwed into it. It is these models that allow you to direct the light in the right direction to illuminate a separate area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Rotary blocks can be equipped with both built-in and overhead types of spotlights.

The same type includes lamps fixed on a rod, the so-called spots. The lamp holder is located in a special housing, which has a hinged swivel mechanism. The case is mounted on a leg, with which it is fixed on a bar or decorative panel.

• Single and block lamps

Spotlights can be single or assembled in blocks of several units.

- Single lamps are equipped with one cartridge, respectively, have one lighting lamp.

- Block lighting devices are a structure consisting of several lamps that are built into one housing, which is either a box of any shape, or a special rod.

Depending on the design of block lamps, they can also be rotary and non-rotary, built-in or overhead.

Any design of such models is more massive, but it is also much more convenient to use, since by installing one unit with several rotary lamps, their light can be directed to different areas of the room.

Types of luminaires by lighting elements

In spotlights, they can be designed for the use of various lighting elements - this must be indicated in the instructions for the lighting device. So, in such lamps can be installed:

- incandescent lamps

- LED bulbs;

- halogen lamps;

- mercury (fluorescent) energy-saving lamps.

Lighting devices equipped with certain elements consume different amounts of electricity and can vary significantly in price.

• Conventional incandescent lamps are now quite rarely used in spotlights, as they are uneconomical in operation.

Luminaires equipped with incandescent lamps are considered "classic" devices, since they do not require special equipment - it will be enough to stretch high-quality wiring.

In addition to the wastefulness of incandescent lamps themselves, lamps designed to work with them have several more significant drawbacks:

Firstly, this is their height, which varies from 86 to 110 mm. This parameter must be taken into account, since the ceiling will become much lower, because the suspended structure will have to be lowered to the height of the cartridge, adding about 15 ÷ 20 mm of margin.

Secondly, a pronounced "minus" of such a lamp can be called its strong heating, especially if a lamp is installed in the cartridge high power. Plastic elements lighting device may not withstand high temperatures and begin to gradually melt under their influence.

The only advantage of incandescent lamps is their affordable price, however, it must be taken into account that their service life is usually not very long.

• Halogen lamps are used to obtain powerful luminous flux scattered by a special glass shade. However, when installing such lamps in lighting fixtures, it should be borne in mind that they do not contribute to energy saving in any way. Their prices are slightly lower than led light bulbs but they also last a shorter time.

Most often, halogen lamps have a plug base, so if you plan to use them, then you need to choose lamps with the appropriate connector in the cartridge.

The height of halogen lamps is comfortable enough to be built into a plasterboard structure, which will need to be lowered from the ceiling surface by only 50÷70 mm. Since some halogen lamps operate on a voltage of 12 V, you will have to purchase a transformer for the entire installed system. In addition, for any "halogens" a very important condition for their long-term operation is a soft starter - the lamp does not reach full power immediately, but within a few seconds. Often this device is combined with a step-down transformer.

Halogen lamps create a powerful luminous flux that exceeds the illumination from conventional or LED lamps. Lamps of this type allow you to use a special dimmer to adjust the intensity of lighting. Luminous flux from fluorescent lamps has its own shades - warm and cold.

Given all the positive qualities of this type of lamp, they can be called the most popular among all existing lighting elements used in spotlights.

• energy saving mercury lamps, which are most often called luminescent, save electricity quite effectively, but they have several significant drawbacks.

- First of all, it is that they adversely affect vision, can cause rapid eye fatigue.

- Such lamps require special disposal, as they contain harmful human body substances, in particular the highly toxic mercury

- Another disadvantage of this type of lamps is their height, which is almost the same as that of conventional standard incandescent lamps.

The intensity of illumination from these devices will be higher if they are installed in overhead fixtures. Well, if they are screwed into built-in models that are deepened into a plasterboard structure, then there is a significant weakening of the luminous flux, even despite the reflective surface of the ceiling.

In a word, for spotlights they can hardly be called a good option.

• LED lamps are quite expensive, but they justify themselves by the fact that during their operation a minimum of electricity is used, and this helps to significantly save on its payment. In addition, quality LED fixtures last much longer than any other lighting elements.

The most economical option is LED bulbs.

LEDs can have different luminous flux, as well as cold or warm light. Lamps having a cool shade are usually used for installation in office space because they improve performance. Elements that give warm lighting contribute to rest and relaxation, creating coziness, so they are recommended to be used in living rooms.

If it is decided to install spotlights with LED lamps, then you can use a special device that regulates the brightness of the lighting - a dimmer. It will allow you to create the right atmosphere in the room with the help of light intensity, scattering or "compacting" it.

Some types of these lamps are equipped with a special shade that can create various shadow or color patterns on the ceiling. This effect can be used to decorate a certain interior style.

Often, LED lamps are given a "classic" look.

LED lamps are made with different pinouts - for a conventional threaded cartridge (with Edison thread 14 or 27 mm) and with a plug connection characteristic of "halogen lamps". In addition, spotlights can also have specific sockets for GX70 and GX53 LED lamp bases. A sample is shown in the figure below.

Special base types - GX70 and GX53

Based on the foregoing, it can be argued that LED lamps are the best option for installation in spotlights today. The price is still high, however, they are safe, durable and economical, and quickly justify their purchase.

Differences in spotlights by voltage

As a rule, there are two main types of spotlights:

- devices designed for 220 V networks alternating current;

- lamps designed for 12 V;

You can find models with LED lamps that require 3 V DC.

This parameter is indicated on the packaging of both the lighting device itself and the lamps intended for it.

The voltage supplied to the lamp will directly depend on its type, so you need to decide in advance on the lighting elements, since connecting and drawing up a diagram of point devices has its own characteristics.

If you need to lower the voltage, you will need to use a transformer. The operation of certain types of LED lamps will require the installation of an additional device - the so-called driver.

If it is decided to change the types of lamps installed in the lamps to others having a different design, principle of operation and supply voltage, then most likely it will be necessary to make changes to the wiring diagram.

Luminaire protection level

Spotlights can be open and closed - the place of their installation depends on this parameter.

The open design of the fixtures is suitable only for rooms with normal humidity, but they cannot be installed in bathrooms, and even more so in bath rooms. In such devices, the lamp is not covered by a ceiling, so moisture can significantly reduce the life of the prior or even cause a serious accident. Most of the lamps with rotary mechanisms can also be attributed to open - they also try not to use them in rooms with high humidity.

For bathrooms, swimming pools and bath rooms, it is necessary to purchase special moisture-proof lamps.

In order for lighting fixtures to serve for a long time and do not pose any danger, they must be protected not only from moisture, but also from dust. Usually, the degree of protection is indicated on the prior itself and, of course, in its technical documentation. This is the IP index followed by two digits.

The first indicator will tell you about the degree of protection against penetration. solids dust:

- 0× is a complete lack of protection;

- 1× - the device is protected from fragments up to 50 mm in size;

- 2× - indicates protection from 12 mm particles;

- 3× - from particles up to 2.5 mm in size;

— 4× — maximum size- 1.0 mm;

— 5× – partial penetration of fine dust is possible

- 6× - the device has a guaranteed protection against dust.

The second digit of the indicator will characterize the electrical appliance in terms of its protection from moisture:

- ×0 - moisture protection is completely absent;

— ×1 – the luminaire is protected from vertical ingress of water drops;

- ×2 - protection against drops falling at a small angle;

- ×3 - protection against splashes falling on the lamp at a large angle;

- ×4 - the lamp is protected from splashes falling on it at any angle;

- ×5 - there is protection against water jets;

- ×6 - the lamp is not afraid of direct exposure to a strong flow of water;

- ×7 - the device can be briefly immersed in water;

— ×8 – the luminaire can be under water for a long time, for example, when it is installed in swimming pools.

• Insulating corrugated pipe, in which the cable will be protected from various influences. The length also varies depending on the length of the wiring.
• Terminals for connecting wires when connecting fixtures. These can be screw terminals, spring terminals, or. And the most the best option- Vago reusable clamping terminals. Although they are more expensive, but not so much as to save on the convenience of work and on the security of connections.

• Voltage transformer. It will be required if 12 V halogen lamps are selected for installation. This device must comply with required power. Usually it is chosen with the expectation that its output power exceeds the total power of the installed lamps by at least 20 ÷ 25%.

• A current driver will be required when installing some low voltage LED fixtures. This device simultaneously plays the role of both a step-down transformer-rectifier and a current and voltage stabilizer - many LEDs are very sensitive to changes in circuit parameters.

In case of choice serial connection fixtures, the driver must have a current margin for the normal functioning of the entire circuit.

However, it should be noted that the serial connection has one important drawback - if one of the lamps fails, the entire circuit stops working. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out parallel installation, but in this case you will have to purchase a separate driver for each lamp. Some models of luminaires are equipped by manufacturers with their own drivers, in which case they can be connected in parallel without any problems. In any case, when purchasing, you should always carefully read the technical documentation of the devices.

• The spotlights themselves. Their number is determined depending on the drawn up scheme and the size of the area of ​​​​the room. Usually they are mounted at a distance of 500 ÷ 1200 mm from each other.

Tools for installing spotlights

For convenient and high-quality installation of fixtures, you will need the following tools:

• Electric drill or screwdriver for cutting holes in drywall.
• A drill bit for cutting holes of 60÷75 mm or an adjustable version of the drill ("ballerina"), on which you can set the desired hole diameter.

• Roulette and a long ruler.
• Indicator for determining the phase of the voltage.
• Screwdriver Set
• Wire cutters, pliers - if you plan to crimp the connecting sleeves.
• Insulating tape or heat shrink tubing of the correct diameter
• A sharp knife or wire stripper for stripping wires before splicing them, or a protective device.

Installation of spotlights on a plasterboard ceiling

In order not to be mistaken in the amount of material purchased, to determine in advance the location of the fixtures, and also to plan the cable layout for them, you need to draw up your own or find a ready-made scheme.

• The first thing they do before starting the marking and installation of cabling is to mount a frame made of a metal profile or a wooden beam for a plasterboard ceiling.

Here you need to take into account which lamps will be installed - overhead or built-in, since their installation is somewhat different from each other.

For example, for overhead lighting fixtures, it is necessary to fix a rigid base to the ceiling or to the frame, on which the panel of the overhead model will be installed and screwed through the plasterboard.

• The frame crate can be used to attach cable wiring to it, which is best to immediately “put on” in a corrugated plastic pipe.
• The tube is fixed on the crate on special brackets or screwed onto plastic clamps in several places, and the cable segments or loops 200 ÷ 300 mm long, to which the lamps will be connected in the places determined for their installation, are left in a free state.
• For ease of installation of lighting fixtures and for aesthetic reasons, they are placed at the same distance from each other - usually it is 500 ÷ 1200 mm. Later, the cable loops will be passed through the holes cut for them in the drywall and passed to the outside of the ceiling.
• Further, along the crate, drywall sheets are fixed, on which, using a tape measure and a ruler, focusing on the sheet connection line, the places where the lamps will be installed are marked. At the same time, it is very important to prevent a very common mistake by novice electricians when the intended hole suddenly falls on the frame guide.
• You also need to take into account that between the center of the future circle for installing the lamp and the wall there should be a distance equal to no more than 550 ÷ 600 mm
• If the circuit provides for the installation of a transformer, it is installed above the false ceiling, in the interceiling space, fixed on the crate elements or even simply laid on top of the sheet surface.

1 - overlap;

2 - plasterboard false ceiling;

3 - power cable supplied to the lamp;

4 - clips (clamps) holding the cable on the floor;

5 - transformer or driver.

• All wire connections that remain above the ceiling surface must be insulated with high quality. The best option- the use of modern Vago terminals. If twisting is planned, then it is pressed into a copper sleeve, and then it is qualitatively insulated with a heat shrink tube or insulating tape. Bare contacts or connections must not be left.
• It is very important to remember that no matter how the wiring diagram is drawn up, it is not recommended to run the cable diagonally, since if a malfunction occurs, it will be much more difficult to detect it.
• If selected complex scheme wiring, then a junction box is used for it, into which the main supply cable is connected, and the rest of the branches are made from it.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	In the marked places, using a drill-crown for wood or a “ballerina”, as in the illustration, nests are drilled with a diameter several (2÷3) millimeters larger than the installation size of the lamp, but necessarily less than the outer diameter of the decorative flange that will close the hole. Work should be carried out with great care, carefully, slowly, so as not to damage the cable and not crumble the drywall sheet.
	It is very important to observe the correct connection of the wires, otherwise, when connected to the power supply, the lamps may burn out, especially when they are switched in series. This is easy to do based on color coding conductors. The blue color is always the “working zero”, yellow, green or yellow-green is the “ground zero”, and the color of the “phase” can be different. White, brown or red phase wires are more common, but this is not a dogma. If the luminaire itself also has a color code for the wires, this should also be observed. In the circuit breaker, only the phase wire should open.
	After the cable ends are cleaned, they are inserted from one side of the terminal and clamped with a screwdriver. If spring terminals are used (only for single-core wires or when a special tip is installed on the "multi-core"), then the wire is inserted until a secure clamp is provided.
	Even more convenient - Vago reusable crimp terminals with a locking lever. They are versatile and reusable. The wires are inserted with the stripped section into the hole until the insulation, and then the lever snaps down all the way.
	Similarly, wires coming from the lamp are connected to the terminals. Often there are devices that are not equipped with wires. In this case, the power wires coming out of the above-ceiling space can be attached directly to the lampholder terminals, as shown in the figure. However, it is more convenient, nevertheless, probably, at first to connect the wire segments to the lamp, and then - just as described above, through the terminal - if necessary, dismantling will simplify the work. But twists, even with reliable insulation, should be avoided - in the space above the false ceiling it is difficult to control their "behavior" - and sparking, heating, etc. are not excluded.	The kit of other models (usually those that are also suitable for stretch ceilings) includes a special ring that frames the cut out hole. This is a fairly sensible solution - drywall along the cut edge will not crumble when installing or removing fixtures, and the device itself will be securely tightly installed in the socket. During installation, the "antennae" located behind the facing decorative flange of the luminaire are compressed, the luminaire is carefully inserted into the prepared hole. After installing the stopper, they open themselves and securely hold the lamp on the surface of the plasterboard ceiling.
	As a result, the lamp should neatly, tightly, without the slightest sag, stand in the place prepared for it.

Installation of an overhead spotlight, after fixing the drywall on the crate, takes place in a similar way, but with some features.

• When installing an overhead luminaire, the hole in the plasterboard false ceiling should not be made large, since the technical part of the luminaire will not be inserted into it. It will serve only to pull the cable loop to the ceiling surface for connection. A hole is also made in a certain place, where a rigid base (a platform or a piece of timber) is installed on top of the suspended ceiling to fix the fixtures.
• Further, the elongated cable is cut, its ends are stripped, and then, switched in the terminal.
• The contact wires of the lamp with stripped ends are also connected in the terminal, according to the wiring diagram, observing the color marking of the wire (phase-zero).

• On each overhead luminaire, the manufacturer provides a special bracket (mounting plate) (pos. 2), which must be fixed from the outside of the false ceiling to a rigid base. It should be noted that in different models of devices, such brackets may have different designs - but it is usually not difficult to deal with this.
• Excess cable (pos. 4) is tucked into the hole so that it does not interfere with the fixing of the bracket.
• Then, the bracket is screwed through the false ceiling to the rigid base.
• Further, the lamp itself is installed and fixed in it. Depending on the model, it can be screwed on both sides to the housing (pos. 1) with a plafond (pos. 3), open or with rubber seals, or even the plafond itself can be screwed into a mounting bracket.

Upon completion of the installation work on cabling and installation of fixtures, the wires are connected to the switch (phase with phase, and zero with zero). this work must be carried out according to the drawn up scheme. And it remains to turn on the power supply to the room in order to check the operation of the installed lighting.

The article should end with an important note: if there is no practical experience in installing electrical appliances with complex wiring, then it is better to entrust this process to a specialist. High voltage does not like dilettantes!

Video: an example of the practical installation of spotlights on a plasterboard ceiling

By using detailed instructions you can independently perform work operations without errors professional level difficulties. But we must remember that when implementing technical projects, it is necessary to accurately use not only installation techniques. The choice of suitable components, especially the operation of the equipment, is essential. This article discusses spotlights for plasterboard ceilings. Following the recommendations below will be useful to save time, Money, rational use of labor and energy resources.

With the help of these devices, experienced designers create regular and multi-colored illumination of design elements. Professional placement of devices provides good visibility in certain functional areas without wasting electrical energy. For proper application, it is necessary to accurately formulate the task, to select suitable spotlights for plasterboard ceilings. A comprehensive analysis of the state of the market, costs during installation work and during subsequent operation will be useful.

Designs of ceiling lights built into a plasterboard structure and other modifications

These devices are classified in the appropriate category, since the cartridges and lamps are inside the false ceiling. This design helps to use the available free space to good use. The photo shows an example with decorative crystal pendants. But if necessary, you can leave a minimum protrusion above the plane of the ceiling.

For your information! The disadvantage of this solution is the difficulty of replacing failed lamps, repair. To simplify such operations, fasteners are used that do not impede dismantling.

In this option, it is enough to drill small holes in the plate for cable routing.

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Features of different light sources

For ease of comparison, the generalized indicators are summarized in one table:

Light Type/Image	Advantages	Limitations and disadvantages
incandescent lamp	Low cost	When choosing such a device, it is necessary to include in the calculations a large height (from 80 mm or more). Taking into account the dimensions of the cartridge and other parts of the structure, a significant reduction in the height of the ceilings is obtained. Additional disadvantages are: significant heating; high power consumption; significant probability of failure during voltage surges; short service life.
Halogen	Strong luminous flux in a miniature size	These light sources operate on a voltage of 12 V. Therefore, you will need to install an appropriate step-down transformer. In order not to disable them prematurely, it is necessary to use special devices that ensure smooth switching on. "Halogens" waste a lot of power for nothing, for heating the surrounding space.
Luminescent	Reasonable price, low power consumption	The composition of the phosphors, which are applied to the inside of the flask, there are harmful chemical compounds. These devices must be handled with care. They are disposed of according to special rules. The "minus" is the large size. The disadvantages of experts include low strength.
LED	Durability, resistance to vibrations and voltage drops, high quality luminous flux	The only significant "minus" of these devices is the high cost. However, this factor should be considered taking into account the long service life and reliability. You should also pay attention to the gradual decline in prices as the popularity of products increases and the volume of production increases.

According to the program set by the user, or immediately, the color, brightness changes, the switch is performed. Such devices are connected to systems of the “smart home” category. With the addition of special equipment, their operation can be controlled via the Internet.

Related article:

How to choose the right device, what intensity of lighting is required, where to install the device, an overview of the original models - about this in the next material.

Protection from external influences

The IP standard value is used to check the suitability of the instrument for the operating conditions. The manufacturer provides these data in the technical documentation for a spotlight for plasterboard ceilings. Below are the characteristics of the different groups.

First digit (particulate protection):

• If 0 is specified, no special measures are taken in the product design. Such a lamp is installed in rarely ventilated rooms, where the likelihood of the corresponding pollution is minimized.
• The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate the protection against penetration of objects and particles with dimensions in mm of more than 50, 12, 2.5 and 1, respectively. In particular, it can be checked whether accidental electric shock is prevented when touched with fingers.
• Designations 5 (6) confirm the presence of partial (complete) protection against dust particles.

The second digit indicates the protection against water:

• As in the previous list, 0 is the zero power.
• If 1 is given, it means that vertically falling drops will not penetrate inside the case.
• Digits 2 (3) - protected against drops falling at an angle of 15° (60°) with respect to the vertical direction.
• 4/ 5/ 6 - prevents moisture from entering inside in the presence of splashes / streams of water / jets under pressure, regardless of their direction.
• 7/8 - protection is provided when immersed to a depth of 1 meter / moreover, not for a short time / for a long time.

For your information! The presence of rotary mechanisms reduces the protection from external influences. Tightness is easier to ensure in stationary structures.

How to buy recessed LED ceiling spotlights: photos, prices, recommendations

Photo	Brand/Model	Dimensions in mm (length x width x height)	Maximum power of the device, W	price, rub.	Notes
	Feron/929	80 x 80 x 11	3	120-150	Aluminum case, polymeric decorative bezel with metallized coating.
	Lightstar/ Fungo 070214	70 x 70 x 65	3	170-220	Metal armature.
	Arte Lamp/ Praktisch A2100PL-3AB	80 x 80 x 110	1,5	190-280	Swivel mechanism.
	Arte Lamp/ Meander A1104PL-1CC	100 x 100 x 50	1	290-360	Crystal ceiling.
	ELVAN/ VLS-703R-6W-3000K	100 x 100 x 40	6	350-460	IP44 protection.
	ELVAN/VLS-701SQ-18W-6000K	180 x 180 x 25	18	860-940	Mains supply 220 V/
	Donolux/ DL18731/15W-White R Dim	160 x 160 x 98	15	2800-3200	The ability to adjust the brightness (dimmer connection).

For your information! It is easier to buy spotlights for plasterboard ceilings if you compare the models you like in one table, which contains the necessary parameters.

The process of installing spotlights in drywall

Photo	Description of actions and recommendations
	In addition to the fixtures themselves, it is necessary to prepare junction boxes, circuit breakers, and other components of the electrical network. The cable is selected taking into account the total load. It is convenient to use for their styling. Such a shell provides additional protection against moisture, mechanical damage. If there are no built-in power sources in the fixtures, they acquire the appropriate blocks that rectify and reduce the voltage to the required level.
	An exact list of the necessary tools can be compiled after a detailed study of the technology.
	To drill holes, you will need a crown with a diameter corresponding to the dimensions of the lamp.
	According to this scheme, recessed LED spotlights are installed for. In order not to complicate assembly operations, 220V lines are laid in advance to the places determined by the plan. Leave free cable lengths of 60-80 cm. After fixing (with the power off), holes are drilled. The driver is connected to the extracted cable, or the device itself is connected directly. Next, fix the lamp with the help of regular fasteners.
	Overhead spotlights on the ceiling are installed according to the manufacturer's instructions. With a large weight of a certain model, a special rigid base is installed. It is connected to the power frame of the crate.

After completion of all operations, a trial inclusion is performed.

The following tips will make certain operations easier:

• The diameters of the holes in the drywall for the spotlight create a few millimeters larger than the dimensions of the devices themselves. Appropriate corrections are made if there are fasteners or other parts of the structures protruding beyond the main dimensions.
• If it is difficult to remove the cable hidden in the structure, a suitable piece of wire is used. It shouldn't be too hard. The end part is bent to prevent accidental damage to the insulating shells.
• During installation electrical circuit it is necessary to observe the established connections of zero, phase and ground conductors. Use standard color coding to rule out errors.
• Do not use twists to connect wires. Suitable universal terminals should be purchased in advance with a small margin.
• There are no gaps between the rim of a properly installed lamp and the drywall.

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Spotlights - dimensions, dimensions.

Spotlights, although they are modest in size, for ceiling lighting, even a couple of centimeters can play a decisive role.

All this suggests that it makes sense to be interested in the dimensions of spotlights even at the stage of their planning.

How to install a spotlight in the ceiling?

One of the important parameters of such luminaires, designed for suspended or false ceilings, is the built-in depth.

Spotlights come with a partially and fully exposed body to the ceiling.

This, in turn, suggests that a certain space must be provided between the false ceiling, which is necessary in order to properly fix the lamp.

In this case, you can leave a minimum of 2.5 centimeters, a similar size depends mainly on the type of lamp and on the type of lamp that is installed in it.

To install spotlights, we do not need any special skills.

The most important thing is to foresee and stretch the wiring to those places where we plan to install a spotlight, even before installing the ceiling.

After installation in pre-planned places with the help of a hole saw, or in the common people with a crown, holes of the desired diameter are made.

Then, a ceramic cartridge is connected to the prepared wiring inside the ceiling, which will power the lamp.

Spring clamps on the luminaire body are reduced and inserted into the ceiling hole, then they are unclenched and tightly press the luminaire from the back of the false ceiling. We install the lamps in the socket and with the help of the fixing ring we fix them in the lamp body.

After installing the halogen lamp, it is necessary to wipe off fingerprints from it to prolong its service life.

Turn on the lighting, thereby checking the correct connection of the spotlight to the electrical network.

Before connecting spotlights, you need to accurately calculate the sufficient power and voltage of the lamps used. It is very important to find out exactly the technical aspects of the respective lamps, and to exclude the operation of those devices that do not have sufficient technical data.

How to choose a spotlight for the room?

If we talk about the dimensions of spotlights, and more specifically about their width, length and diameter of the device, then in this case these indicators should fit the dimensions of the room for which they are intended. At the same time, if you choose too large a lamp, then the space visually decreases. And on the other hand, if there is not enough light, then, accordingly, the corners of the room will remain dark.

If you are using fully recessed luminaires, then the recess depth should be close to the height of the luminaire.

For square-shaped rooms, it is best to choose round point-plan models as the main lighting. If the room has the shape of a rectangle, then lamps in the form of a square, oval or irregular shape will do. Ceiling-integrated ceiling lamps usually have rounded shapes, while they are an excellent solution for any room.

Very often, spotlights are successfully used for decoration suspended ceilings, arches, walls finished with drywall, etc. At the moment, it is with such lamps that they began to complete furniture, thereby giving it an even more attractive look.

How to connect a spotlight?

There are several common ways to connect spotlights, then I propose to consider the three most basic ones:

• 1) Method of serial connection of spotlights.

  The simplest and most common way, the so-called daisy-chain method of connecting fixtures. With this connection, all fixtures are connected with one contact to a common phase, and the other to a common zero. The design resembles a garland, as the name implies. A feature of this connection method is that the control of turning on all the lamps is carried out with just one key.

• Method of parallel connection of spotlights.

  2) This connection method differs from the previous one, in that here each lamp is connected to its own conductor coming from its own distribution cup. Connection is not very difficult in terms of installation work. The peculiarity of this connection method is that it is possible to control each lamp with a separate switch. It is worth noting that with such light control, more electricity is saved, because unnecessary lamps simply do not consume electricity.

Projects of lighting systems in modern residential premises most often involve the installation of spotlights in drywall. This type of light sources, with proper connection, allows you to achieve a certain individuality and high-quality luminous flux over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. Before you choose spotlights for your home and design a specific scheme for such lighting, you need to classify such lighting devices.

Light sources embedded in a plasterboard ceiling may differ in the following categories:

• by voltage;
• by type of lamps;
• according to the design possibility of rotation.

These differences are not critical in the operation of lighting devices, but may have certain advantages, depending on the design, purpose and number of units installed. It is desirable to know the features of each type of lamps before drafting the lighting scheme of the room.

Differences in the parameters of the supply voltage

The modern market for spotlights for plasterboard ceilings offers three main types of devices that require different voltages:

• devices designed for 220v;
• devices designed for 12v;
• LED light sources designed for 3V (the voltage on the package of LEDs is not a global characterizing factor, since their operation is associated with the activity of the current driver).

Which should be supplied to the lamps depends on their type. It is necessary to foresee the type of lighting sources in advance, since the connection scheme for all types of spotlights has its own characteristics.

You should know that a transformer is used to lower the voltage, and a special device (driver) is used to use LED light sources.

Changing the project to operate other types of lamps may require additional intervention in the wiring diagram.

Differences in the types of lamps

Lamps that are installed in ceiling spotlights in drywall can be of the following types:

• ordinary incandescent lamps;
• fluorescent (energy-saving) lamps;
• halogen light sources;
• LED bulbs.

Each type of lamp has its own characteristics and this must be taken into account when planning a lighting scheme.

Spotlights that support the operation of simple incandescent lamps, are classic devices that do not require special equipment to connect them. However, they have a number of disadvantages. The main one is the overall dimensions of spotlights for plasterboard, so its height varies between 7-8 cm, which implies a significant increase in the gap between the plasterboard ceiling and the structural slab of the building. In some cases, this aspect may affect the final height of the room, that is, with a ceiling height of around 2.5 meters, it will be necessary to significantly underestimate its level.

The operation of incandescent lamps in spotlights causes their excessive heating, especially at high power. This may require additional security measures. The advantage of this choice is the low cost of lighting devices and ease of installation. The lighting scheme allows you to use it for the device, we figured it out in a separate article), which gives additional opportunities for comfortable perception and the creation of light zones with different illumination.

The use in spotlights can significantly save energy, but the overall dimensions of the installed point in the ceiling are the same as when using incandescent lamps. The luminous flux of modern fluorescent bulbs is close to the flux of light from incandescent lamps, but still has its own specific shade.

The operation of such lighting sources in residential premises loses to other lamps in terms of eye comfort.

Since spot lighting mounted in a plasterboard ceiling implies a specific approach with a minimum of protruding parts of lighting fixtures, this is not always possible when using energy-saving devices.

The bottom line is that design feature such lamps are designed for open operation, in this case a sufficient angle of light scattering is created, and with a lamp hidden in the lamp, a significant weakening of the luminous flux occurs, despite the reflectors. Using a dimmer with this type of lighting is not possible due to technical features work of luminescent sources.

Halogen lamps in ceiling fixtures for plasterboard ceilings are most often used. This is due to the ratio of consumed electricity and obtaining a comfortable light spectrum. Overall dimension the frame of such products is 3-4 cm in height, which allows you to slightly lower the level of the ceiling. Basically, the operation of such lamps requires the use of a step-down transformer, which produces a voltage equal to 12 V at the output.

create a powerful and directed luminous flux, the efficiency of these devices is higher than that of incandescent lamps, which creates the possibility of saving electricity, especially when using a large number spotlights. Low operating voltage meets the requirements for safe operation in wet areas. Sources of this type allows you to use a dimmer to control the light flux.

LED lights point installation is the most modern solution. This fact is due to significantly lower power consumption. At its core, an LED is a semiconductor that emits light when current flows through it. The advantage of this solution is the fact that it is possible to select the color of the flow, that is, it becomes possible to vary the color of the backlight in the right parts of the room, which in itself gives wide design possibilities, especially with multi-level ceilings.

Belongs to the category of the most expensive at the stage of initial investment in the acquisition of devices. Subsequently, this nuance is leveled by saving the energy spent.

In a project that allows the use of LED products, it is required to know the connection features and additional equipment with a current driver, the purpose of which is to maintain the amount of current passing through the LED in a given range.

The size of the products is 3-5 cm in height.

Design features of recessed fixtures in drywall

Devices for spot light installation in plasterboard ceilings differ in design. Main types of execution:

• irrevocable;
• rotary;
• open;
• closed.

irrevocable the sources are stationary and do not have the ability to change the direction of the light flux.

Swivel luminaires allow you to change the angle of the direction of illumination, in some cases their use is advisable, for example, when you want to highlight a given area of ​​the room under any circumstances.

open the devices are not protected against moisture, it is recommended to use them in ordinary residential areas.

Closed luminaires are structurally protected from being hit humid air, steam or small drops of water. Designed for use in bathrooms, swimming pools, saunas.

All modern manufactured products have an IP security classification. According to its prescription, it is possible to choose lamps for their intended purpose. The indicator consists of two digits, the first means degree of protection against dust:

• 0 - no protection;
• 1 - protection against particle size 50mm;
• 2 - 12mm;
• 3 - 2.5mm;
• 4 - 1mm;
• 5 - less than 1mm;
• 6 - full security.

The second value of the figure characterizes moisture protection:

• 0 - no protection against moisture;
• 1 - protection against vertical ingress of water drops;
• 2 - protection against falling drops at a small angle;
• 3 - protection against splashes with a large angle of impact;
• 4 - any splashes of water are allowed;
• 5 - water jets are allowed;
• 6 - the ability to work under the direct influence of water;
• 7 - the ability to work under a short stay in the water;
• 8 - the possibility of long-term stay under water.

It is clear that the last points in terms of moisture protection cannot be acceptable for the ceiling operation of luminaires, but you need to choose products for wet rooms with a protection point of at least 2.

Selection of components for the installation of fixtures in plasterboard ceilings

Installation of spotlights in drywall requires the necessary materials. The main set includes:

1. electric cable with a cross section of 1.5 mm 2 (the length is selected depending on the wiring diagram of the current-carrying conductors);
2. terminal blocks (used to connect pieces of cable);
3. copper sleeves (for crimping twists, if necessary);
4. step-down transformer (for connecting fixtures equipped with halogen lamps);
5. current driver (for LED light sources).

Here it is necessary to clarify that the voltage transformer must correspond to the required power, usually its parameters exceed the total power of the connected lamps by 20%.

A current driver is required for the LEDs to work. If a serial connection is selected, then the driver must have a current margin for the correct operation of the LEDs.

The disadvantage of serial connection is that if one LED fails, it is interrupted electrical circuit and the work of other light sources stops.

Parallel connection is preferred, but requires a separate driver for each LED. Many manufacturers complete LED spotlights with their driver, which makes it possible to unhindered parallel connection.

Necessary tools for installation

For high-quality installation of point light sources, you need:

• long ruler or tape measure;
• voltage phase indicator;
• pliers (crimping pliers for crimping sleeves);
• drill;
• crown for making holes 60-75 mm (circular drill with adjustable cutters, allowing you to make holes of the desired diameter);
• insulating tape;
• a wire stripping knife or a special wire stripper.

Wiring Features

Laying an electrical cable is an important point in the process of installing fixtures in a plasterboard ceiling. It is strongly recommended to carry out this work before installing drywall boards. In this case, it is possible to carry out the most high-quality and accurate cabling. must be at least 1.5 mm2. The connection diagram, regardless of the number of luminaires, should include parallel connection, for independent operation of each source.

When laying wiring in places of future connection to the lamp circuit, leave loops of wire, 20-30 cm long - this will allow you to freely maneuver at the time of connecting the wires. It is advisable to lay the wiring in a special, with a low degree of flammability.

If the wiring is pulled on a mounted ceiling, then for this, a wire is pulled through the pre-drilled holes in the drywall under the fixtures with a made aluminum broach so as not to damage the cable. You can pre-make the necessary pieces of wire that will connect the fixtures.

When connecting the wiring, they are guided by the colors of the cores. Let's say the blue wire is a phase wire, and the brown wire is zero. Further, in the terminal box, near the lamp, they clamp the lead wire and the cable that goes to the next lamp, while blue is clamped to blue, and white to white, etc.

Should open only the phase wire. The transformer, if provided for by the circuit, is installed in the interceiling space, the rest of the connection is made in a similar way.

If twisted wires are provided, they must be pressed into a copper sleeve and insulated. Open twists are not allowed.

When laying out the wires, their diagonal placement is not allowed, regardless of the installation scheme of the fixtures. That is, it maintains the exact location of the wires in the hidden space, which simplifies the search for possible faults in the future. For complex wiring, they are used, into which the main supply wire comes, and further branches of the wiring go from it.

Holes in plasterboard ceiling

The places of future holes must be pre-marked, this eliminates inconsistency with the prepared wire loops for connection and does not allow getting into the fasteners of drywall boards when drilling.

You must adhere to the following rules:

• lamps are deployed from each other at a distance of no more than 120 cm (the angles of the light fluxes must intersect, and the peculiarity of all ceiling products is that they have small dispersion angles);
• the distance between the attachment point of the fixtures to the drywall and the wall should be no more than 55-60 cm.

Holes are made using a wood core drill or a circular drill with adjustable cutters. The use of the latter is preferable, as it makes it possible to create holes with exact dimensions for specific luminaires.

When drilling, it must be taken into account that the hole will be blocked by the front part of the spotlight, but at the same time it should not exceed the internal section.

This will allow you to firmly install the product. The drilling process is carried out at low speed, trying not to damage the finishing layer on the ceiling, if it is done.

Installation of fixtures in the ceiling

After making the connection to the wiring, they proceed to the final installation of the product in the hole made. To do this, the side spacer springs are compressed and the body is inserted into the hole. Properly selected diameter allows you to easily deepen the lamp into the niche of the ceiling. In this case, you need to pay attention to the connected wires, they should not be bent.



It is undesirable to use all kinds of ropes or pieces of wire to pre-compress the springs. Ideally, the body of the product should pass freely into the hole, which will allow, in the future, a simple dismantling of the lamp, if necessary. At the end of the installation work, check the serviceability of the lighting system.

Despite the apparent simplicity of installing point light sources in a plasterboard ceiling, it is important to follow all the recommendations given, especially pay close attention to the selection of types of lamps, transformers and current drivers, since the reliability of the entire lighting system of the room depends on their quality and compliance with electrical parameters.

Video on the installation and connection of spotlights in drywall